NRF24AP1

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Single chip 2.4 GHz Transceiver with Embedded ANT protocol FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • nRF24AP1 APPLICATIONS • • • • Integrated PAN (Personal Area Network) Drop in wireless networking with simple serial interface 2.4GHz Worldwide ISM Band Ultra-low power (coin cell battery) Fully scaleable Broadcast, Acknowledged or Burst Data Message rates 0.5Hz -> 200Hz (8byte data payload) Burst transfer rates up to 20kbps (true data throughput) Public and private networks 1 Mbps RF data rate 125 RF channels Sensor Networks Industrial Automation Home Automation Sports Monitoring Simple Networks Complex Networks Independent Networks Broadcast Networks Shared Channel Networks ANT by Dynastream © 2005 all rights reserved GENERAL DESCRIPTION The nRF24AP1 is an ultra-low power single-chip radio transceiver with embedded ANT protocol for personal area networks. The transceiver’s RF operating frequency range falls within the world-wide 2.4 - 2.5 GHz RF ISM band, allowing for regulatory compliance and product sales into global markets. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Parameter Value Unit Minimum supply voltage Maximum output power Maximum data rate (over the air) Temperature range Sensitivity Average current consumption as low as Peak current consumption TX @-5dBm Peak current consumption RX Max # of simultaneous connections1 Max # of simultaneous independent 2-way connections Maximum sustained transfer rate (all data – no overhead)2 CR2032 Battery life in a typical sensor application3 1.9 0 1000 -40 to +85 -80 30 13.5mA for 350us 22mA for 600us >65000 4 20 5 V dBm kbps °C dBm µA mA mA connections 2-way connections kbps years Table 1: nRF24AP1 quick reference data 1 Using Shared Channel Network Transfer rate refers to data rate of the end application’s message payload 3 Message interval of 2s, 1 hour/day usage 2 Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 1 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol The transceiver consists of the ANT fully integrated protocol engine, frequency synthesizer, power amplifier, crystal oscillator and modulator, and can be interfaced to a host micro controller over either a synchronous or asynchronous serial interface. Designed to run on a wrist-watch coin cell battery, current consumption of the device is extremely low - a typical sensor application can operate on approximately 30µA average current consumption. Short, low peak current transitions are battery friendly. The embedded ANT protocol makes for easy, low cost integration. Eliminating the need for 3rd party RF protocol implementation, the on-chip ANT protocol combined with the 2.4GHz transceiver enables system and application developers to interact with the nRF24AP1 as a black box wireless solution. The simple serial interface (asynchronous or synchronous) to the device allows for flexibility and scalability from ultra-low power sensors (30µA) through to higher data rate (20kbps) applications implemented in a multitude of network configurations. Networks can be scaled from as little as two nodes to thousands. With 232 unique IDs, multiple radio frequencies, public and private network management and scalable data rates, an unlimited number of network configurations and applications are possible. Prior to reading this document, the “ANT Message Protocol and Usage” document should be read to gain understanding of the ANT protocol capabilities. REFERENCES Ref. No. 1 Doc. No. D00000794 2 D00000652 Revision 1.0 1.36 Title Interfacing with ANT General Purpose Chipset and Modules (Part of nRF24AP1 Specification) ANT Message Protocol and Usage Table 2 nRF24AP1 referenced documents For more information see: www.nordicsemi.no Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 2 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURES.....................................................................................................................................................1 APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................................1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................1 QUICK REFERENCE DATA.........................................................................................................................1 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................3 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................................................................4 2. PIN FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................................................5 3. PIN ASSIGNMENT ................................................................................................................................5 4. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................6 5. PACKAGE OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................7 5.1 Package marking: ..............................................................................................................................9 6. ORDERING INFORMATION................................................................................................................9 7. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS...................................................................................................10 8. ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW........................................................................................................12 9. ANT INTERFACE ................................................................................................................................13 9.1 Physical Layer – Serial Interfacing .................................................................................................13 9.2 ANT Message Summary .................................................................................................................13 9.3 32kHz Clock Signal (EXT32K) ......................................................................................................13 9.4 Message Summary ..........................................................................................................................14 10. APPLICATION SPECIFIC CURRENT CONSUMPTION............................................................15 11. PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION ..............................................................................................16 11.1 Antenna output ...........................................................................................................................16 11.2 Output Power adjustment ...........................................................................................................16 11.3 Crystal Specification...................................................................................................................16 11.4 Sharing crystal with micro controller .........................................................................................17 11.5 Crystal parameters: .....................................................................................................................17 11.6 Input crystal amplitude & Current consumption ........................................................................17 11.7 PCB layout and de-coupling guidelines......................................................................................18 11.8 Reflow information ....................................................................................................................19 12. APPLICATION EXAMPLE...........................................................................................................20 12.1 nRF24AP1 with single ended matching network .......................................................................20 12.2 PCB layout example ...................................................................................................................22 13. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................23 13.1 Nordic Semiconductor ASA – World Wide Distributors ...........................................................25 Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 3 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol VSS=0V VSS=0V VSS=0V VSS=0V VDD=3V VDD=3V VDD=3V BLOCK DIAGRAM DVDD 1. XC1 EXT32K Timing XC2 PORTSEL VSS_PA=0V BR2 / SCLK VDD_PA=1.8V BR1 / SFLOW SUSPEND / SRDY SLEEP / SMSGRDY RTS / SEN UART or Synchronous Serial Interface ANT1 1 Mbps RF Transceiver ANT Protocol Engine 100Ω+j175Ω ANT2 RXD / SIN TXD / SOUT IREF 22kΩ Figure 1: nRF24AP1 with external components. The “ANT Protocol Engine” shown in Figure 1 is described in the “ANT Message Protocol and Usage” document. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 4 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 2. PIN FUNCTIONS Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name Pin function Description BR2 / SCLK BR1 / SFLOW EXT32K RXD / SIN TXD / SOUT Digital IO Digital Input Digital Input Digital Input Digital Output Asynchronous baud rate select / Synchronous clock signal Asynchronous baud rate select / Synch. Bit or byte flow select Optional External 32kHz clock, tied to GND when not used Asynchronous UART receive data / Synchronous receive data Asynchronous UART transmit data / Synchronous transmit data SLEEP / SMSGRDY Digital Input Asynchronous sleep enable / Synchronous message ready signal SUSPEND / SRDY Digital Input Asynchronous suspend control / Synchronous port ready signal 8 RTS / SEN Digital Output Asynchronous flow control RTS /Synchronous serial enable 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 DVDD VSS XC2 XC1 VDD_PA ANT1 ANT2 VSS_PA VDD VSS IREF VSS VDD VSS PORTSEL VDD Power Output Power Analog Output Analog Input Power Output RF RF Power Power Power Analog Input Power Power Power Digital Input Power Positive Digital Supply output for de-coupling purposes Ground (0V) Crystal Pin 2 Crystal Pin 1 Power Supply (+1.8V) to Power Amplifier Antenna interface 1 Antenna interface 2 Ground (0V) Power Supply (+3V DC) Ground (0V) Reference current Ground (0V) Power Supply (+3V DC) Ground (0V) Asynchronous / Synchronous port selection Power Supply (+3V DC) Table 3: nRF24AP1 pin function 3. PIN ASSIGNMENT VDD 24 BR2 / SCLK 1 BR1 / SFLOW 2 EXT32K RXD / SIN TXD / SOUT SLEEP / SMSGRDY PORTSEL VSS 23 22 VDD VSS IREF 21 20 19 18 VSS 17 VDD 3 16 VSS_PA 4 15 ANT2 5 14 ANT1 6 13 VDD_PA nRF24AP1 QFN24 5x5 7 8 SUSPEND / RTS / SEN SRDY 9 10 11 12 DVDD VSS XC2 XC1 Figure 2: nRF24AP1 pin assignment (top view) for a QFN24 5x5 package. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 5 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 4. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Conditions: VDD = +3V, VSS = 0V, TA = - 40ºC to + 85ºC Symbol Parameter (condition) Operating conditions Notes VDD TEMP Supply voltage Operating Temperature VIH VIL HIGH level input voltage LOW level input voltage VOH VOL HIGH level output voltage (IOH=-0.5mA) LOW level output voltage (IOL=0.5mA) Min. Typ. Max. Units 1.9 -40 3.0 +27 3.6 +85 V ºC 0.7VDD VSS VDD 0.3VDD V V VDD- 0.3 VSS VDD 0.3 V V Digital input pin Digital output pin Crystals and clocks fXTAL fXTAL-OFFSET fEXT32K fEXT32K-ERROR RF Crystal frequency RF Crystal offset (Initial, Temp & Aging) EXT32K – external 32.768kHz clock Maximum error for 32.768kHz clock 16 30 32.768 50 MHz PPM kHz PPM Synchronous Serial Timing sclk freq. tReadValid tWriteValid Synchronous clock frequency (byte mode) Data is valid on read before low to high transition on the clock (byte mode) Data must be valid on write within this time after a high to low transition on the clock (byte mode) 150-175 kHz µs 0.5 2 µs tSRDY_MinLow Minimum SRDY low time 2.5 µs tReset Synchronous Reset. SRDY falling edge to 250 µs SMSGRDY falling edge General RF conditions fOP FCHANNEL ∆f Operating frequency Channel spacing Frequency deviation 1) IIdle IPeak IPeakTX No active channels – No communications Peak Current consumption, RX Peak Current – TX @ 0dBm 2400 1 ±156 2524 MHz MHz kHz 2 22 16 µA mA mA Current Consumption 2) 3) Transmitter operation PRF PRFC PRFCR PBW PRF2 PRF3 IVDD IVDD Maximum Output Power RF Power Control Range RF Power Control Range Resolution 20dB Bandwidth for Modulated Carrier 2nd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 2MHz 3rd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 3MHz Supply peak current @ 0dBm output power Supply peak current @ -20dBm output power 4) 4) 4) 16 13 dBm dB dB kHz dBm dBm mA mA 4) 22 -80 10/4 -20/0 -37/-20 -43/-30 mA dBm dB dB dB dB 16 0 20 +4 ±3 1000 -20 -40 Receiver operation IVDD RXSENS C/ICO C/I1ST C/I2ND C/I3RD 1) 2) 3) 4) Supply peak current receive mode Sensitivity at 0.1%BER (@1000kbps) C/I Co-channel 1st Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 1MHz 2nd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 2MHz 3rd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 3MHz Usable band is determined by local regulations Time of Maximum Current consumption in RX is typical 600us and maximum 1ms Time of Maximum TX Only Current is typical 400us and maximum 400us. Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω Table 4: nRF24AP1 RF specifications Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 6 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 5. PACKAGE OUTLINE nRF24AP1 uses the QFN24 5x5 package, with matt tin plating. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 7 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol Package Type SAW QFN24 (5x5) Min Typ Max A 0.8 0.85 0.90 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 A3 0.20 REF. K 0.20 MIN. D/E 5.0 BSC e 0.65 BSC D2/E2 3.50 3.60 3.70 L 0.35 0.40 0.45 b 0.25 0.30 0.35 Figure 3 nRF24AP1 package outline. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 8 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 5.1 n 2 Y Package marking: R F B 4 A P 1 Y W W L X L Abbreviations: B – Build Code, i.e. unique code for production sites, package type and test platform X – "X" grade, i.e. Engineering Samples (optional) YY – 2 digit Year number WW – 2 digit Week number LL 6. – 2 letter wafer lot number code ORDERING INFORMATION Ordering code nRF24AP1-REEL nRF24AP1-REEL7 nRF24AP1 nRF24AP1-EVKIT Description 1 Mbps Transmitter 1 Mbps Transmitter 1 Mbps Transmitter 4 node evaluation and development kit Package 24 pin QFN 5x5 24 pin QFN 5x5 24 pin QFN 5x5 N/A Container Tape and reel5 Tape and reel5 Tray N/A MOQ4 4000 1500 490 1 Table 5 nRF24AP1 ordering information 4 5 MOQ = Minimum order quantity Moisture Sensitivity Level: MSL2@260ºC, three times reflow Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 9 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 7. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply voltages VDD............................- 0.3V to + 3.6V VSS .................................................. 0V Input voltage VI ....................... - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Output voltage VO .................................. - 0.3V to VDD Total Power Dissipation PD (TA=85°C) ............................. 90mW Temperatures Operating Temperature…. - 40°C to + 85°C Storage Temperature….… - 40°C to + 125°C Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. ATTENTION! Electrostatic Sensitive Device Observe Precaution for handling. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 10 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol Glossary of Terms Term Description Acknowledged Data Data for which the transmitter receives an acknowledgement from the receiver Ultra-low power embedded RF protocol Default transmission type. Data sent on every time slot Bulk data transmission between two nodes Basic building block of ANT. Connects two devices together Device ID – Identifier for the master end of the channel Device Number is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely identifying this device Device Type is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely identifying the type of this device Data transmission from Master to Slave on a channel Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying The MCU which interfaces and controls the nRF24AP1 Industrial-Scientific-Medical Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band Manufacturer ID is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely identifying the manufacturer of this device Primary transmitter of the ANT network channel Micro controller unit Number of messages per second sent over a channel User portion of a data packet. Each data packet contains a payload of 8 bytes. Data packet sent over a channel from one device to another A group of ANT nodes connected together via channels forms a network in which the nodes may communicate with one another An application running on a host controller connected to an nRF24AP1, which communicates with other ANT nodes. The process in which a Slave obtains the Master’s ID in order to establish communications. Data transmission from Slave to Master on a channel The on air data rate. This rate is 1Mbps. RF Frequency used for communications. The nRF24AP1 can be configured to one of 125 different RF frequencies. Receive Primary receiver of the ANT network channel Transmit ANT Broadcast Data Burst Data Channel Device ID Device Number Device Type Forward Channel GFSK HOST MCU ISM ISM Band Manufacturer ID Master MCU Message Data rate Message Payload Message Networks Node Pairing Reverse Channel RF data rate RF Frequency RX Slave TX Table 6: Glossary Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 11 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 8. ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The nRF24AP1 is a single-chip silicon solution that integrates a 2.4GHz transceiver and the ANT RF protocol stack. The ANT protocol stack is stored on-chip and is executed by the nRF24AP1’s internal MCU core. Functionally, the nRF24AP1 is composed of 4 main building blocks as shown in Figure 1. Together, the 4 blocks enable the drop-in RF and protocol solution. As shown, the 4 main blocks are the serial interface, the timing interface, the ANT protocol engine, and the RF transceiver. Both the ANT protocol engine and the RF transceiver are embedded within the device and interact with the external host environment through a UART or synchronous serial interface. This functional approach allows the nRF24AP1 to be treated as a black box wireless solution from the system application perspective. Integration of an RF protocol with the RF physical layer is not required. Application developers provides channel configuration and message data information to the device through the serial interface, and the nRF24AP1 executes the configuration and sends/receives the message data packets over the air to other waiting devices. ANT is a 2.4GHz bidirectional wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) communications technology optimized for transferring low data-rate, low latency data between multiple ANT-enabled devices. The ultra-low power consumption of ANT guarantees an extended battery life even from low capacity supplies such as a coin cell battery, such as are required for heart rate monitors, bicycle computers, and wrist watches. The small size and low-cost implementation of ANT proves essential in allowing effortless integration into the tiny form factor of wrist watches, PDAs, and mobile phones. The ANT – HOST interface has been designed with utmost simplicity in mind so that it can be easily and quickly implemented into new devices and applications. The encapsulation of the wireless protocol complexity within the ANT chipset vastly reduces the burden on the application host controller, allowing a low-cost 4-bit or 8-bit Microcontroller (MCU) to establish and maintain complex wireless networks with remote devices. Data transfers can be scheduled in a deterministic or ad-hoc fashion, and a burst mode allows for the efficient transfer of large amounts of stored data to and from a PC or other computing device. The ANT system aggressively balances functionality, cost, size, and power consumption within the constraints of a mobile Personal Area Network. The ANT protocol implements layers 1-4 of the OSI networking stack as well as automatically providing session authentication of network devices. For description of layer 3 and 4, please refer to the “ANT Message Protocol and Usage” document. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 12 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 9. 9.1 ANT INTERFACE Physical Layer – Serial Interfacing The ANT serial interface between host controller and nRF24AP1 can be implemented over either a synchronous or asynchronous connection, which can be selected by the product developer as preferred for a given implementation. The precise details of the physical connections and signaling can be found in the ‘Interfacing with ANT General Purpose Chipsets and Modules’ document. 9.2 ANT Message Summary The table in Section 9.4 summarizes the message types employed between the host controller and the nRF24AP1, which are used to establish and maintain RF connections to remote devices. Further details of the message fields and data contents can be found in the ‘ANT Message Protocol and Usage’ document. 9.3 32kHz Clock Signal (EXT32K) A 32.768kHz clock signal may optionally be provided to the nRF24AP1. If this signal is not used, it must be connected to ground. Please see the electrical specification section for external clock specifications. Use of an external clock is recommended for power sensitive applications. The nRF24AP1 automatically detects the presence of an external clock source upon power up. In order to avoid timing issues between when the external clock source becomes present, and when the nRF24AP1 samples for this signal, it is recommended that a SystemReset (see Message Summary table below) command is issued to the nRF24AP1 upon initial connection. This will ensure that the external clock is properly detected and used. Once the EXT32K signal has been provided on power up it must remain present as long as the nRF24AP1 remains powered up. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 13 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 9.4 Message Summary Class Type ANT PC Interface Function Channel Event Messages Channel Response / Event Channel Status Channel ID ANT Version ->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, MessageCode) or ->ResponseFunc(Chan, MsgID); Requested Response Messages Config. Messages Test Mode Control Messages Data Messages Response - From Len Msg ID Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 ANT 3 0x40 Channel Number Message ID Message Code Channel Number Channel Number Channel Status Device Number Ver0 Ver1 Max Networks Channel Type Device Number Messaging Period Search Timeout RF Frequency Key 0 TX Power Network Number ->ResponseFunc(Chan,0x52) - ANT 2 0x52 ->ResponseFunc(Chan,0x51) - ANT 5 0x51 ->ResponseFunc(-, 0x3D) - ANT 9 0x3D ANT_SetChannelRFFreq() Yes HOST 2 0x45 ANT_SetNetworkKey() Yes HOST 9 0x46 Max Channels Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Net # ANT_SetTransmitPower() Yes HOST 2 0x47 0 ANT_InitCWTestMode() Yes HOST 1 0x53 0 CW Test ANT_SetCWTestMode() Yes HOST 3 0x48 0 SystemReset Open Channel Close Channel Request Message Broadcast Data Acknowledge Data Burst Transfer Data ANT_ResetSystem() No HOST 1 0x4A ANT_OpenChannel() Yes HOST 1 0x4B ANT_CloseChannel() Yes HOST 1 0x4C ANT_RequestMessage() Yes HOST 2 0x4D 9 0x4E 9 0x4F 9 0x50 0 Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Channel Number Sequence/ Channel Number Capabilities ->ResponseFunc(-, 0x54) Unassign Channel Assign Channel Channel ID Channel Period Search Timeout Channel RF Frequency Set Network Transmit Power CW Init ANT_UnAssignChannel() Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - ANT 4 0x54 Yes HOST 1 0x41 Yes HOST 3 0x42 ANT_SetChannelID() Yes HOST 5 0x51 ANT_SetChannelPeriod() Yes HOST 3 0x43 ANT_SetChannelSearchTimeout() Yes HOST 2 0x44 ANT_AssignChannel() ANT_SendBroadcastData() ->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV) ANT_SendAcknowledgedData() ->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV) ANT_SendBurstTransferPacket() ->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV) No ANT/ HOST ANT/ HOST No ANT/ HOST No - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 14 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - TX Power Data 4 Data 5 Device Type ID Man ID Ver2 Ver3 Ver4 Standard Options Advanced Options Key 1 Data 6 Data 7 Data 8 Data 9 Ver5 Ver6 Ver7 Ver8 Device Type ID Man ID Key 2 Key 3 Key 4 Key 5 Key 6 Key 7 RF Freq Message ID Data0 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Data5 Data6 Data7 Data0 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Data5 Data6 Data7 Data0 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Data5 Data6 Data7 Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 10. APPLICATION SPECIFIC CURRENT CONSUMPTION Typ. Units IIdle ISuspend IBase-Ext IBase-Int IPeak IPeakTX Symbol Parameter (condition) No active channels – No communications Asynchronous suspend Activated Active base current when EXT32K used Active base current with no EXT32K Peak Current consumption, RX Peak Current – TX @ 0dBm 2 2 35 75 22 16 µA µA µA µA mA mA IRX_ByteSync IRX_BitSync IRX_50k IRX_38.4k IRX_19.2k IRX_4800 Average Current / RX message Average Current / RX message Average Current / RX message Average Current / RX message Average Current / RX message Average Current / RX message byte sync bit sync 50Kbaud async 38.4Kbaud async 19.2Kbaud async 4800baud async 19 29 21 24 32 85 µA µA µA µA µA µA ITX_ByteSync ITX_BitSync ITX_50k ITX_38.4k ITX_19.2k ITX_4800 Average Current / TX message Average Current / TX message Average Current / TX message Average Current / TX message Average Current / TX message Average Current / TX message byte sync bit sync 50Kbaud async 38.4Kbaud async 19.2Kbaud async 4800baud async 11 26 19 21 37 119 µA µA µA µA µA µA ITR_ByteSync ITR_BitSync ITR_50k ITR_38.4k ITR_19.2k ITR_4800 Average Current / bi-directional TX message Average Current / bi-directional TX message Average Current / bi-directional TX message Average Current / bi-directional TX message Average Current / bi-directional TX message Average Current / bi-directional TX message 26 38 33 35 49 131 µA µA µA µA µA µA IARX_ByteSync IARX_BitSync IARX_50k IARX_38.4k IARX_19.2k IARX_4800 Average Current / Acknowledged RX message Average Current / Acknowledged RX message Average Current / Acknowledged RX message Average Current / Acknowledged RX message Average Current / Acknowledged RX message Average Current / Acknowledged RX message byte sync bit sync 50Kbaud async 38.4Kbaud async 19.2Kbaud async 4800baud async 28 51 38 42 48 102 µA µA µA µA µA µA IATX_ByteSync IATX_BitSync IATX_50k IATX_38.4k IATX_19.2k IATX_4800 Average Current / Acknowledged TX message Average Current / Acknowledged TX message Average Current / Acknowledged TX message Average Current / Acknowledged TX message Average Current / Acknowledged TX message Average Current / Acknowledged TX message byte sync bit sync 50Kbaud async 38.4Kbaud async 19.2Kbaud async 4800baud async 37 55 47 50 70 146 µA µA µA µA µA µA IAve IAve IAve IAve IAve Broadcast TX@ 0.5Hz byte sync,EXT32K Broadcast TX @ 2 Hz byte sync,EXT32K Broadcast RX @ 0.5Hz byte sync,EXT32K Acknowledged TX@ 0.5 Hz byte sync,EXT32K Acknowledged RX@ 0.5 Hz byte sync,EXT32K 30 52 34 43 38 µA µA µA µA µA IAve IAve IAve IAve IAve Burst continuous @ 20 kbps, byte synchronous Burst continuous @ 7.5 kbps, bit synchronous Burst continuous @ 20 kbps, asynchronous (50k) Burst continuous @ 13. kbps, asynchronous (38.4k) Burst continuous @ 8.5 kbps, asynchronous (19.2k) 4.92 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.85 mA mA mA mA mA byte sync bit sync 50Kbaud async 38.4Kbaud async 19.2Kbaud async 4800baud async Table 7: Application specific current consumption Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 15 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 11. PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION 11.1 Antenna output The ANT1 & ANT2 output pins provide a balanced RF output to the antenna. The pins must have a DC path to VDD, either via a RF choke or via the center point in a dipole antenna. A load of 100Ω+j175Ω between the ANT1/ANT2 is recommended for maximum output power (0dBm). Lower load impedance (for instance 50 Ω) can be obtained by fitting a simple matching network. 11.2 Output Power adjustment RF output power Peak current consumption 0 dBm ±3dB 16.0 mA -5 dBm ±3dB 13.5 mA -10 dBm ±3dB 12.5 mA -20 dBm ±3dB 12 mA Conditions: VDD = 3.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 27ºC, Load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω. Table 8: RF output power setting for the nRF24AP1 11.3 Crystal Specification Tolerance includes initially accuracy and tolerance over temperature and aging. Frequency 16 CL 12pF ESR 100 Ω C0max Tolerance 7.0pF ±50ppm Table 9: Crystal specification of the nRF24AP1 To achieve a crystal oscillator solution with low power consumption and fast start-up time, it is recommended to specify the crystal with a low value of crystal load capacitance. Specifying CL=12pF is OK, but it is possible to use up to 16pF. Specifying a lower value of crystal parallel equivalent capacitance, C0 will also work, but this can increase the price of the crystal itself. Typically C0=1.5pF at a crystal specified for C0max=7.0pF. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 16 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 11.4 Sharing crystal with micro controller When using a micro controller to drive the crystal reference input XC1 of the nRF24AP1 transceiver some rules must be followed. 11.5 Crystal parameters: When the micro controller drives the nRF24AP1 clock input, the requirement of load capacitance CL is set by the micro controller only. The frequency accuracy of ±50 ppm is still required to get a functional radio link. The nRF24AP1 will load the crystal by 0.5pF at XC1 in addition to the PBC routing. 11.6 Input crystal amplitude & Current consumption The input signal should not have amplitudes exceeding any rail voltage, but any DCvoltage within this is OK. Exceeding rail voltage will excite the ESD structure and the radio performance is degraded below specification. If testing the nRF24AP1 with a RF source with no DC offset as the reference source, the input signal will go below the ground level, which is not acceptable. XO_OUT Buffer: Sine to full swing Amplitude controlled current source Current starved inverter: XOSC core Vdd Vdd Vss Vss ESD ESD XC1 XC2 Figure 4: Principle of crystal oscillator It is recommended to use a DC-block before the XC1 pin so that the internal ESD structures will self bias the XC1 voltage. The nRF24AP1 crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated. To achieve low current consumption and also good signal-to-noise ratio, it is recommended to use an input signal larger than 0.4 V-peak. The needed input swing is independent of the crystal frequency. When clocking the nRF24AP1 externally, XC2 is not used and can be left as an open pin. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 17 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 11.7 PCB layout and de-coupling guidelines A well-designed PCB is necessary to achieve good RF performance. Keep in mind that a poor layout may lead to loss of performance, or even functionality, if due care is not taken. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF24AP1 and its surrounding components, including matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no. A PCB with a minimum of two layers including a ground plane is recommended for optimum performance. The nRF24AP1 DC supply voltage should be de-coupled as close as possible to the VDD pins with high performance RF capacitors, see Table 10. It is preferable to mount a large surface mount capacitor (e.g. 4.7µF tantalum) in parallel with the smaller value capacitors. The nRF24AP1 supply voltage should be filtered and routed separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry. Long power supply lines on the PCB should be avoided. All device grounds, VDD connections and VDD bypass capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the nRF24AP1 IC. For a PCB with a topside RF ground plane, the VSS pins should be connected directly to the ground plane. For a PCB with a bottom ground plane, the best technique is to have via holes as close as possible to the VSS pads. One via hole should be used for each VSS pin. Full swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the crystal or the power supply lines. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 18 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 11.8 Reflow information Figure 5 Reflow Soldering profile, GREEN Ramp rate (RT-150ºC) Pre-heat (150-200ºC) Dwell @217ºC Dwell @245ºC Ramp up Ramp down Peak temperature Time from RT to PT Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 1.38 ºC/s 134 s 50 s 10 s 1.42 ºC/s 2.59 ºC/s 257 ºC 320 s - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 19 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 12. APPLICATION EXAMPLE 12.1 nRF24AP1 with single ended matching network VDD C5 1nF R2 22K 24 23 22 21 20 19 C6 10nF VDD PORTSEL VSS VDD VSS IREF U1 PORTSEL BR2/SCLK BR1/SFLOW EXT32K RXD/SIN TXD/SOUT SLEEP SUSPEND RTS/SEN BR2/SCLK nRF24AP1 BR1/SFLOW EXT32K RXD/SIN TXD/SOUT SLEEP 18 17 16 15 14 13 VSS VDD VSS_PA ANT2 ANT1 VDD_PA 5.6nH C10 L1 3.3nH C4 2.2nF C3 4.7pF C11 L3 5.6nH SUSPEND RTS/SEN DVDD VSS XC2 XC1 1 2 3 4 5 6 L4 C9 1.0pF RF I/O 2.2pF 4.7pF L2 C8 1.0pF 10nH 7 8 9 10 11 12 NRF24AP1 X1 C7 33nF R1 16 MHz 1M C1 22pF C2 22pF Figure 6: nRF24AP1 schematic for RF layouts with single end 50Ω antenna Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 20 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol Component C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 R1 R2 U1 X1 L1 L2 L3 L4 C8 C9 C10 C11 Description Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R Resistor Resistor nRF24AP1 transceiver Crystal, CL = 12pF, ESR < 100 ohm Inductor Inductor Inductor Inductor Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0 Size Value Tolerance Units 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 QFN24 / 5x5 LxWxH = 4.0x2.5x0.8 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 22 22 4.7 2.2 1.0 10 33 1.0 22 nRF24AP1 16 ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±1% pF pF pF nF nF nF nF MΩ kΩ +/- 50 ppm MHz 3.3 10 5.6 5.6 1.0 1.0 2.2 4.7 ± 5% ± 5% ± 5% ± 5% ± 0.1 pF ± 0.1 pF ± 0.25 pF ± 0.25 pF nH nH nH nH pF pF pF pF Table 10: Recommended components (BOM) in nRF24AP1 with antenna matching network Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 21 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 12.2 PCB layout example Figure 7 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 6. A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has a ground plane on the bottom layer. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. No components in bottom layer Top silk screen Top view Bottom view Figure 7: nRF24AP1 RF layout with single ended connection to 50Ω antenna and 0603 size passive components Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 22 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 13. DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective product specification Preliminary product specification Product specification This data sheet contains target specifications for product development. This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published from Nordic Semiconductor ASA later. This data sheet contains final product specifications. Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Limiting values Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Specifications sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. Table 11: Definitions Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nordic Semiconductor ASA does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Nordic Semiconductor ASA customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nordic Semiconductor ASA for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Preliminary Product Specification: Revision Date: 05.09.2006. Data sheet order code: 050906-nRF24AP1 All rights reserved ®. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. ANT is a trademark of Dynastream Innovations Inc. Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 23 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol YOUR NOTES Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 24 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol 13.1 Nordic Semiconductor ASA – World Wide Distributors For Your nearest dealer, please see http://www.nordicsemi.no Main Office: Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Phone: +47 72 89 89 00, Fax: +47 72 89 89 89 Visit the Nordic Semiconductor ASA website at http://www.nordicsemi.no Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.0 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 25 of 25 - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 September 2006