DW1000-I

Product Overview The DW1000 is a fully integrated single chip Ultra Wideband (UWB) low-power low-cost transceiver IC compliant to IEEE802.15.4-2011. It can be used in 2-way ranging or TDoA location systems to locate assets to a precision of 10 cm. It also supports data transfer at rates up to 6.8 Mbps Key Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Applications • • ANALOG RECEIVER PLL / CLOCK GENERATOR ANALOG TRANSMITTER Supports precision location and data transfer concurrently Asset location to a precision of 10 cm Extended communications range up to 290 m @ 110 kbps 10% PER minimises required infrastructure in RTLS High multipath fading immunity Supports high tag densities in RTLS Small PCB footprint allows costeffective hardware implementations Long battery life minimises system lifetime cost Precision real time location systems (RTLS) using two-way ranging or TDOA schemes in a variety of markets: o Healthcare o Consumer o Industrial o Other Location aware wireless sensor networks POWER MANAGEMENT HOST INTERFACE / SPI STATE CONTROLLER DW1000 High Level Block Diagram TO HOST IEEE802.15.4-2011 UWB Transceiver • • • • • • DW1000 • IEEE802.15.4-2011 UWB compliant Supports 6 RF bands from 3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz Programmable transmitter output power Fully coherent receiver for maximum range and accuracy Complies with FCC & ETSI UWB spectral masks Supply voltage 2.8 V to 3.6 V Low power consumption SLEEP current 1 µA DEEPSLEEP current 50 nA Data rates of 110 kbps, 850 kbps, 6.8 Mbps Maximum packet length of 1023 bytes for high data throughput applications Integrated MAC support features Supports TWR and TDOA SPI interface to host processor 6 mm x 6 mm 48-pin QFN package with 0.4 mm lead pitch Small number of external components DIGITAL TRANSCEIVER • Key Benefits DW1000 Datasheet Table of Contents 1 IC DESCRIPTION ............................................. 5 2 PIN CONNECTIONS ......................................... 6 2.1 2.2 3 5.12 MAC FEATURES ....................................... 28 5.12.1 Timestamping ............................... 28 5.12.2 FCS Generation and Checking....... 28 5.12.3 Automatic Frame Filtering............ 28 5.12.4 Automatic Acknowledge............... 28 5.12.5 Double Receive Buffer .................. 28 5.13 EXTERNAL SYNCHRONIZATION ..................... 28 5.14 CALIBRATION AND SPECTRAL TUNING OF THE DW1000 29 5.14.1 Introduction .................................. 29 5.14.2 Crystal Oscillator Trim .................. 29 5.14.3 Transmitter Calibration ................ 30 5.14.4 Antenna Delay Calibration ........... 30 PIN NUMBERING ............................................ 6 PIN DESCRIPTIONS .......................................... 6 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................ 10 3.1 NOMINAL OPERATING CONDITIONS ................. 10 3.2 DC CHARACTERISTICS.................................... 10 3.3 RECEIVER AC CHARACTERISTICS ...................... 10 3.4 RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHARACTERISTICS ........... 11 3.5 REFERENCE CLOCK AC CHARACTERISTICS .......... 12 3.5.1 Reference Frequency ........................ 12 3.6 TRANSMITTER AC CHARACTERISTICS ................ 12 3.7 TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE MONITOR CHARACTERISTICS.................................................... 13 3.8 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ...................... 13 4 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE .............................. 14 5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .......................... 18 5.1 PHYSICAL LAYER MODES ................................ 18 5.1.1 Supported Channels and Bandwidths 18 5.1.2 Supported Bit Rates and Pulse Repetition Frequencies (PRF) .......................... 18 5.1.3 Frame Format ................................... 19 5.1.4 Symbol Timings ................................ 19 5.1.5 Proprietary Long Frames .................. 19 5.1.6 Turnaround Times ............................ 19 5.1.7 Frame Filter ...................................... 20 5.1.8 Frame Check Sequence (FCS) ............ 20 5.2 REFERENCE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR .................... 20 5.3 SYNTHESIZER ............................................... 20 5.4 RECEIVER .................................................... 20 5.4.1 Bandwidth setting ............................ 20 5.4.2 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) ......... 20 5.5 TRANSMITTER .............................................. 20 5.5.1 Transmit Output Power .................... 20 5.5.2 Transmit Bandwidth Setting............. 21 5.6 POWER-UP SEQUENCE ................................... 22 5.6.1 Typical power-up sequence .............. 22 5.6.2 Variation in the power-up sequence 22 5.6.3 External control of RSTn / use of RSTn by external circuitry ........................................ 23 5.7 VOLTAGE/TEMPERATURE MONITORS ............... 23 5.8 HOST CONTROLLER INTERFACE........................ 23 5.8.1 Configuring the SPI Mode................. 25 5.8.2 SPI Signal Timing .............................. 26 5.9 GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT OUTPUT (GPIO) ...... 27 5.10 MEMORY ................................................ 27 5.10.1 Receive and Transmit data buffers27 5.10.2 Accumulator memory ................... 27 5.10.3 One Time Programmable (OTP) Calibration Memory ........................................ 28 5.11 INTERRUPTS AND DEVICE STATUS ................. 28 © Decawave Ltd 2017 6 OPERATIONAL STATES AND POWER MANAGEMENT ................................................... 31 6.1 6.2 OVERVIEW.................................................. 31 OPERATING STATES AND THEIR EFFECT ON POWER CONSUMPTION ....................................................... 31 6.3 TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE POWER PROFILES......... 32 6.3.1 Typical transmit profile .................... 35 6.3.2 Typical receive profiles ..................... 35 7 POWER SUPPLY ............................................ 36 7.1 7.2 7.3 8 POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS ....................... 36 USE OF EXTERNAL DC / DC CONVERTER .......... 36 POWERING DOWN THE DW1000 ................... 37 APPLICATION INFORMATION ....................... 38 8.1 APPLICATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ..................... 38 8.2 RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS ...................... 39 8.3 APPLICATION CIRCUIT LAYOUT ........................ 40 8.3.1 PCB Stack ......................................... 40 8.3.2 RF Traces .......................................... 41 8.3.3 PLL Loop Filter Layout ...................... 41 8.3.4 Decoupling Layout ........................... 41 8.3.5 Layout Guidance .............................. 41 9 PACKAGING & ORDERING INFORMATION .... 42 9.1 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS.................................. 42 9.2 DEVICE PACKAGE MARKING ........................... 43 9.3 TRAY INFORMATION ..................................... 43 9.4 TAPE & REEL INFORMATION........................... 44 9.4.1 Important note................................. 44 9.4.2 Tape Orientation and Dimensions ... 44 9.4.3 Reel Information: 330 mm Reel ....... 45 9.5 REFLOW PROFILE.......................................... 45 9.6 ORDERING INFORMATION .............................. 46 10 GLOSSARY ................................................. 47 11 REFERENCES ............................................. 48 12 DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................ 48 13 MAJOR CHANGES...................................... 49 14 FURTHER INFORMATION .......................... 53 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 2 DW1000 Datasheet List of Figures FIGURE 1: IC BLOCK DIAGRAM ...................................... 5 FIGURE 2: DW1000 PIN ASSIGNMENTS ......................... 6 FIGURE 3 : RX INTERFERER IMMUNITY ON CHANNEL 2..... 14 FIGURE 4: TX OUTPUT POWER OVER TEMP & VOLTAGE ... 14 FIGURE 5: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 110KBPS DATA RATE 16 MHZ PRF 2048 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS ...... 14 FIGURE 6: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 110KBPS DATA RATE 64 MHZ PRF 2048 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS ...... 15 FIGURE 7: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 850KBPS DATA RATE 16 MHZ PRF 1024 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS ...... 15 FIGURE 8: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 850KBPS DATA RATE 64 MHZ PRF 1024 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS ...... 15 FIGURE 9: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 6.81MBPS DATA RATE 16 MHZ PRF 256 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS 16 FIGURE 10: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHANNEL 5 6.81MBPS DATA RATE 64 MHZ PRF 1256 PREAMBLE SYMBOLS ...................................................................... 16 FIGURE 11: TYPICAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF LINE OF SIGHT 2-WAY RANGING PERFORMANCE.................. 16 FIGURE 12: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 1 ......................... 17 FIGURE 13: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 2 ......................... 17 FIGURE 14: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 3 ......................... 17 FIGURE 15: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 4 ......................... 17 FIGURE 16: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 5 ......................... 17 FIGURE 17: TX SPECTRUM CHANNEL 7 ......................... 17 FIGURE 18: IEEE802.15.4-2011 PPDU STRUCTURE ... 19 FIGURE 19: IEEE802.15.4-2011 MAC FRAME FORMAT ...................................................................... 20 FIGURE 20: DW1000 POWER-UP SEQUENCE................ 22 FIGURE 21: POWER UP EXAMPLE WHERE VDDLDOD CANNOT BE GUARANTEED TO BE READY IN TIME FOR THE RSTN GOING HIGH ............................................. 22 FIGURE 22: DW1000 SPIPHA=0 TRANSFER PROTOCOL 24 FIGURE 23: DW1000SPIPHA=1 TRANSFER PROTOCOL. 24 FIGURE 24: SPI BYTE FORMATTING ............................. 24 FIGURE 25: SPI CONNECTIONS .................................... 25 FIGURE 26: DW1000 SPI TIMING DIAGRAM ............... 26 FIGURE 27: DW1000 SPI DETAILED TIMING DIAGRAM .. 26 FIGURE 28: SYNC SIGNAL TIMING RELATIVE TO XTAL1 .... 29 FIGURE 29: TYPICAL DEVICE CRYSTAL TRIM PPM ADJUSTMENT .................................................... 30 FIGURE 30: SLEEP OPTIONS BETWEEN OPERATIONS ......... 32 FIGURE 31: TYPICAL RANGE VERSUS TX AVERAGE CURRENT (CHANNEL 2)..................................................... 34 FIGURE 32: TYPICAL TX POWER PROFILE....................... 35 FIGURE 33: TYPICAL RX POWER PROFILE ...................... 35 FIGURE 34: TYPICAL RX POWER PROFILE USING SNIFF MODE .............................................................. 35 FIGURE 35: POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS.................... 36 FIGURE 36: SWITCHING REGULATOR CONNECTION.......... 36 FIGURE 37: DW1000 APPLICATION CIRCUIT ................. 38 FIGURE 38: PCB LAYER STACK FOR 4-LAYER BOARD ........ 40 FIGURE 39: DW1000 RF TRACES LAYOUT .................... 41 FIGURE 40: DEVICE PACKAGE MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................... 42 FIGURE 41: DEVICE PACKAGE MARKINGS ...................... 43 FIGURE 42: TRAY ORIENTATION .................................. 43 FIGURE 43: TAPE & REEL ORIENTATION ........................ 44 FIGURE 44: TAPE DIMENSIONS .................................... 44 FIGURE 45: 330 MM REEL DIMENSIONS ........................ 45 List of Tables TABLE 1: DW1000 PIN FUNCTIONS............................... 6 TABLE 2: EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................... 9 TABLE 3: DW1000 OPERATING CONDITIONS ................ 10 TABLE 4: DW1000 DC CHARACTERISTICS .................... 10 TABLE 5: DW1000 RECEIVER AC CHARACTERISTICS ....... 11 TABLE 6: TYPICAL RECEIVER SENSITIVITY CHARACTERISTICS11 TABLE 7: DW1000 REFERENCE CLOCK AC CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................... 12 TABLE 8: DW1000 TRANSMITTER AC CHARACTERISTICS . 12 TABLE 9: DW1000 TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE MONITOR CHARACTERISTICS .............................................. 13 TABLE 10: DW1000 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ..... 13 TABLE 11: CHANNELS SUPPORTED BY THE DW1000 ....... 18 TABLE 12: UWB BIT RATES AND PRF MODES SUPPORTED BY THE DW1000 .................................................. 18 TABLE 13: DW1000 SYMBOL DURATIONS................... 19 TABLE 14: TURN-AROUND TIMES ................................ 19 TABLE 15: DW1000 POWER-UP TIMINGS .................... 22 TABLE 16: EXTERNAL USE OF RSTN .............................. 23 © Decawave Ltd 2017 TABLE 17: DW1000 SPI MODE CONFIGURATION .......... 25 TABLE 18: DW1000 SPI TIMING PARAMETERS @ A) 125 MHZ SYSTEM CLOCK AND B) 19.2 MHZ SYSTEM CLOCK ...................................................................... 26 TABLE 19: TRANSMIT & RECEIVE BUFFER MEMORY SIZE .. 27 TABLE 20: ACCUMULATOR MEMORY SIZE ..................... 28 TABLE 21: OTP CALIBRATION MEMORY......................... 28 TABLE 22: SYNC SIGNAL TIMING RELATIVE TO XTAL ....... 29 TABLE 23: OPERATING STATES .................................... 31 TABLE 24: OPERATING STATES AND THEIR EFFECT ON POWER CONSUMPTION .................................................. 31 TABLE 25: OPERATIONAL MODES ................................ 32 TABLE 26: TYPICAL TX CURRENT CONSUMPTION ............ 33 TABLE 27: TYPICAL RX CURRENT CONSUMPTION ............ 33 TABLE 28: LOWEST POWER AND LONGEST RANGE MODES OF OPERATION ....................................................... 34 TABLE 29: DEVICE ORDERING INFORMATION .................. 46 TABLE 30: GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................. 47 TABLE 31: DOCUMENT HISTORY .................................. 48 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 3 DW1000 Datasheet DOCUMENT INFORMATION Disclaimer Decawave reserves the right to change product specifications without notice. As far as possible changes to functionality and specifications will be issued in product specific errata sheets or in new versions of this document. Customers are advised to check with Decawave for the most recent updates on this product. Copyright © 2015 Decawave Ltd LIFE SUPPORT POLICY Decawave products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the Decawave product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death. Decawave customers using or selling Decawave products in such a manner do so entirely at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Decawave and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Decawave products in such safety-critical applications. Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage. REGULATORY APPROVALS The DW1000, as supplied from Decawave, has not been certified for use in any particular geographic region by the appropriate regulatory body governing radio emissions in that region although it is capable of such certification depending on the region and the manner in which it is used. All products developed by the user incorporating the DW1000 must be approved by the relevant authority governing radio emissions in any given jurisdiction prior to the marketing or sale of such products in that jurisdiction and user bears all responsibility for obtaining such approval as needed from the appropriate authorities. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 4 DW1000 Datasheet VDDLNA 1 IC DESCRIPTION DIGITAL RX ADC Digital Filter Rx Analog Baseband Carrier/ Timing Recovery Leading Edge and Diagnostics (LDE) RF_P IF Gain Control Digital AON I/F Convolutional Encoder ReedSolomon Encoder DIGITAL TX RF TX Tx / Rx Calibration RF PLL / Synth To all circuits Loop Circuits Oscillator VDDAON AON CAS Memory Array Power Management and State Control (PMSC) 13kHz Osc Temperature / Battery monitor CLKTUNE XTAL1 XTAL2 VDDBAT VCOTUNE VREF VDDDIG VDDSYN VDDVCO VDDIF VDDCLK CLK PLL / Synth Transmit Control POR WAKEUP Bias SECDED To all circuits DIGITAL Control Loop Circuits To all circuits GPIO[0..6] EXTON Burst Control On-Chip Regulators SPIMOSI IRQ SYNC Timers RSTn VDDPA2 VDDLDOD Register File SPICSn SPIMISO FORCEON VDDPA1 SPICLK SPI To all digital blocks via PMSC Pulse Generator VDDMS H/W MAC OTP RF RX SECDED/ ReedSolomon Decoder Viterbi Decoder Host Interface Configuration Retention RF_N VDDLDOA Despreader Figure 1: IC Block Diagram DW1000 is a fully integrated low-power, single chip CMOS RF transceiver IC compliant with the IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] UWB standard. DW1000 consists of an analog front end containing a receiver and a transmitter and a digital back end that interfaces to an off-chip host processor. A TX/RX switch is used to connect the receiver or transmitter to the antenna port. Temperature and voltage monitors are provided on-chip The receiver consists of an RF front end which amplifies the received signal in a low-noise amplifier before down-converting it directly to baseband. The receiver is optimized for wide bandwidth, linearity and noise figure. This allows each of the supported UWB channels to be down converted with minimum additional noise and distortion. The baseband signal is demodulated and the resulting received data is made available to the host controller via SPI. The transmit pulse train is generated by applying digitally encoded transmit data to the analog pulse generator. The pulse train is up-converted by a double balanced mixer to a carrier generated by the synthesizer and centred on one of the permitted UWB channels. The modulated RF waveform is amplified before transmission from the external antenna. The IC has an on-chip One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory. This memory can be used to store calibration data such as TX power level, crystal initial © Decawave Ltd 2017 frequency error adjustment, and range accuracy adjustment. These adjustment values can be automatically retrieved when needed. See section 5.14 for more details. The Always-On (AON) memory can be used to retain DW1000 configuration data during the lowest power operational states when the on-chip voltage regulators are disabled. This data is uploaded and downloaded automatically. Use of DW1000 AON memory is configurable. The DW1000 clocking scheme is based around 3 main circuits; Crystal Oscillator, Clock PLL and RF PLL. The on-chip oscillator is designed to operate at a frequency of 38.4 MHz using an external crystal. An external 38.4 MHz clock signal may be applied in place of the crystal if an appropriately stable clock is available elsewhere in the user’s system. This 38.4 MHz clock is used as the reference clock input to the two on-chip PLLs. The clock PLL (denoted CLKPLL) generates the clock required by the digital back end for signal processing. The RF PLL generates the down-conversion local oscillator (LO) for the receive chain and the up-conversion LO for the transmit chain. An internal 13 kHz oscillator is provided for use in the SLEEP state. The host interface includes a slave-only SPI for device communications and configuration. A number of MAC features are implemented including CRC generation, CRC checking and receive frame filtering. Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 5 DW1000 Datasheet 2 PIN CONNECTIONS 2.1 Pin Numbering QFN-48 package with pin assignments as follows: - Figure 2: DW1000 Pin Assignments 2.2 Pin Descriptions Table 1: DW1000 Pin functions SIGNAL NAME PIN I/O (defaul t) DESCRIPTION Crystal Interface EXTCLK / XTAL1 3 AI Reference crystal input or external reference overdrive pin. XTAL2 4 AI Reference crystal input. Leave floating if external clock is used. SPICLK 41 DI SPI clock SPIMISO 40 DO (O-L) SPIMOSI 39 DI SPI data input. Refer to section 5.8. SPI chip select. This is an active low enable input. The high-to-low transition on SPICSn signals the start of a new SPI transaction. SPICSn can also act as a wake-up signal to bring DW1000 out of either SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP states. Refer to section 6. Digital Interface SPICSn 24 DI SYNC / GPIO7 29 DIO (I) WAKEUP 23 DI EXTON 21 © Decawave Ltd 2017 DO (O-L) SPI data output. Refer to section 5.8. The SYNC input pin is used for external synchronization (see section 5.13). When the SYNC input functionality is not being used this pin may be reconfigured as a general purpose I/O pin, GPIO7. When asserted into its active high state, the WAKEUP pin brings the DW1000 out of SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP states into operational mode. When this pin is not being used as WAKEUP it should be tied to VSSIO External device enable. Asserted during wake-up process and held active until device enters sleep mode. Can be used to control external DC-DC converters or other circuits that are not required when the device is in sleep mode so as to minimize power consumption. Refer to sections 5.5.1 & 7. EXTON can be left floating if not used. Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 6 DW1000 Datasheet SIGNAL NAME PIN I/O (defaul t) FORCEON 22 DI IRQ / GPIO8 GPIO6 / EXTRXE / SPIPHA GPIO5 / EXTTXE / SPIPOL GPIO4 / EXTPA GPIO3 / TXLED GPIO2 / RXLED GPIO1 / SFDLED GPIO0 / RXOKLED 45 30 33 34 35 36 37 38 © Decawave Ltd 2017 DESCRIPTION Not used in normal operation. Must be connected to ground DIO (O-L) Interrupt Request output from the DW1000 to the host processor. By default IRQ is an active-high output but may be configured to be active low if required. For correct operation in SLEEP and DEEPSLEEP modes it should be configured for active high operation. This pin will float in SLEEP and DEEPSLEEP states and may cause spurious interrupts unless pulled low. When the IRQ functionality is not being used the pin may be reconfigured as a general purpose I/O line, GPIO8. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. On power-up it acts as the SPIPHA (SPI phase selection) pin for configuring the SPI operation mode. For details of this please refer to section 5.8. After power-up, the pin will default to a General Purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as EXTRXE (External Receiver Enable). This pin goes high when the DW1000 is in receive mode. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. On power-up it acts as the SPIPOL (SPI polarity selection) pin for configuring the SPI mode of operation. Refer to section 5.8 for further information. After power-up, the pin will default to a General Purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as EXTTXE (External Transmit Enable). This pin goes high when the DW1000 is in transmit mode. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as EXTPA (External Power Amplifier). This pin can enable an external Power Amplifier. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as a TXLED driving pin that can be used to light a LED following a transmission. Refer to the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details of LED use. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as a RXLED driving pin that can be used to light a LED during receive mode. Refer to the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details of LED use. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as a SFDLED driving pin that can be used to light a LED when SFD (Start Frame Delimiter) is found by the receiver. Refer to the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details of LED use. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. DIO (I) General purpose I/O pin. It may be configured for use as a RXOKLED driving pin that can be used to light a LED on reception of a good frame. Refer to the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details of LED use. This pin has an internal pulldown to VSSIO and can be left unconnected if not being used. Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 7 DW1000 Datasheet PIN I/O (defaul t) RSTn 27 DIO (O-H) TESTMODE 46 DI SIGNAL NAME DESCRIPTION Reset pin. Active Low Output. May be pulled low by external open drain driver to reset the DW1000. Must not be pulled high by external source. Refer to section 5.6. Not used in normal operation. Must be connected to ground. Reference voltages VREF 5 AIO Used for on-chip reference current generation. Must be connected to an 11 kΩ (1% tolerance) resistor to ground. Digital Power Supplies VDDLDOD 26 P External supply for digital circuits. VDDIOA 28 P External supply for digital IO ring. VSSIO 32 43 G Negative I/O ring supply. Must be connected to ground. Digital Decoupling VDDREG 20 PD Output of on-chip regulator. Connect to VDDDIG on PCB. Requires a local 100 nF capacitor to VSSIO. VDDDIG 44 PD Output of on-chip regulator. Connect to VDDREG on PCB. Requires a local 100 nF capacitor to VSSIO. VDDIO 31 42 PD Digital IO Ring Decoupling. RF Interface RF_P 16 AIO Positive pin of the 100 Ω differential RF pair. Should be AC coupled. RF_N 17 AIO Negative pin of the 100 Ω differential RF pair. Should be AC coupled. PLL Interface CLKTUNE 8 AIO Clock PLL loop filter connection to off-chip filter components. Referenced to VDDCLK. VCOTUNE 12 AIO RF PLL loop filter connection to off-chip filter components. Referenced to VDDVCO. Analog Power Supplies VDDAON 25 P External supply for the Always-On (AON) portion of the chip. See 7.3 VDDPA1 18 P External supply to the transmitter power amplifier. VDDPA2 19 P External supply to the transmitter power amplifier. VDDLNA 15 P External supply to the receiver LNA. VDDLDOA 48 P External supply to analog circuits. VDDBATT 47 P External supply to all other on-chip circuits. If a TCXO is being used with the DW1000 this pin should be supplied by the regulated supply used to power the TCXO. See Figure 37. Analog Supply Decoupling VDDCLK 9 PD Output of on-chip regulator to off-chip decoupling capacitor. VDDIF 7 PD Output of on-chip regulator to off-chip decoupling capacitor. VDDMS 6 PD Output of on-chip regulator to off-chip decoupling capacitor. VDDSYN 10 PD Output of on-chip regulator to off-chip decoupling capacitor. VDDVCO 11 PD Output of on-chip regulator to off-chip decoupling capacitor. Ground Paddle GND 49 G Ground Paddle on underside of package. Must be soldered to the PCB ground plane for thermal and RF performance. Others © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 8 DW1000 Datasheet SIGNAL NAME NC PIN I/O (defaul t) 1 2 13 14 NC DESCRIPTION Not used in normal operation. Do not connect. Table 2: Explanation of Abbreviations ABBREVIATION AI AIO EXPLANATION Analog Input Analog Input / Output AO Analog Output DI Digital Input DIO Digital Input / Output DO Digital Output G Ground P Power Supply PD Power Decoupling NC No Connect O-L Defaults to output, low level after reset O-H Defaults to output, high level after reset I Defaults to input. Note: Any signal with the suffix ‘n’ indicates an active low signal. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 9 DW1000 Datasheet 3 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 3.1 Nominal Operating Conditions Table 3: DW1000 Operating Conditions Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Condition/Note Operating temperature -40 +85 ˚C Supply voltage VDDIOA 2.8 3.3 3.6 V Supply voltage VDDBATT, VDDAON, VDDLNA, VDDPA 2.8 3.3 3.6 V Supply voltage VDDLDOA, VDDLDOD 1.6 1.8 3.6 V See section 7.2 Optional: Supply voltage VDDIO 3.7 3.8 3.9 V Only to be used if programming the OTP memory. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details. 3.6 V Note that 3.6 V is the max voltage that should be applied to these pins Voltage on GPIO0..8, WAKEUP, RSTn, SPICSn, SPIMOSI, SPICLK, TESTMODE, FORCEON Note: Unit operation is guaranteed by design when operating within these ranges 3.2 DC Characteristics Tamb = 25 ˚C, all supplies centered on typical values Table 4: DW1000 DC Characteristics Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Supply current DEEPSLEEP mode 50 nA Supply current SLEEP mode 1 µA Supply current IDLE mode 19 mA Supply current INIT mode 5 mA TX : 3.3 V supplies (VDDBAT, VDDPA1, VDDPA2, VDDLNA, VDDAON, VDDIOA) TX : 1.8 V supplies (VDDLDOA, VDDLDOD) RX : 3.3 V supplies (VDDBAT, VDDPA1, VDDPA2, VDDLNA, VDDAON, VDDIOA) mA 30 mA 0.7*VDDIO Channel 5 TX Power = MAX mean ( -9.3 dBm/500 MHz) 0.3*VDDIO 0.7*VDDIO Digital output voltage low 0.3*VDDIO 4 8 3 mA V Digital input voltage low Digital Output Drive Current GPIOx, IRQ SPIMISO EXTON 90* 210* (VDDLDOA, VDDLDOD) Digital output voltage high mA Total current drawn from all 3.3 V and 1.8 V supplies. Channel 5 RX : 1.8 V supplies Digital input voltage high 70 Condition/Note 6 10 4 V V Assumes 500 Ω load. V Assumes 500 Ω load. mA * These currents are on the 1.8 V supplies, not referenced back to the 3.3 V supply 3.3 Receiver AC Characteristics Tamb = 25 ˚C, all supplies centered on nominal values © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 10 DW1000 Datasheet Table 5: DW1000 Receiver AC Characteristics Parameter Min. Frequency range Typ. 3244 Max. Units 6999 MHz 500 900 Channel bandwidths MHz Input P1Db compression point -39 In-band blocking level* 30 Out-of-band blocking level* 55 Relative velocity between Receiver & Transmitter Condition/Note Channel 1,2,3 and 5 Channel 4 and 7 dBm Measured at balun input dBc Continuous wave interferer dBc Continuous wave interferer 0 5 m/s 0 500 m/s 4096 preamble 110kbps, 128 bytes 64 preamble 6.8 Mbps, 12 bytes *Blocking level is power relative to reference sensitivity level plus 3 dB to cause 1% packet error rate, e.g. -60 dBm in-band blocking for -93 dBm receiver sensitivity. A continuous wave interferer is one which has no modulation applied - just a sinusoidal signal. In-band blocking is where the interferer is within the UWB channel bandwidth being used and out-of-band is where the interferer is outside the channel bandwidth. 3.4 Receiver Sensitivity Characteristics Tamb = 25 ˚C, all supplies centered on typical values. 20 byte payload Table 6: Typical Receiver Sensitivity Characteristics Packet Error Rate Data Rate Typical Receiver Sensitivity Units Condition/Note 1% 110 kbps -106 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 2048 10% 110 kbps -107 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 2048 110 kbps -102 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 2048 850 kbps -101 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 1024 6.8 Mbps -93 (*-97) dBm/500 MHz Preamble 256 110 kbps -106 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 2048 850 kbps -102 dBm/500 MHz Preamble 1024 6.8 Mbps -94 (*-98) dBm/500 MHz Preamble 256 1% 10% Carrier frequency offset ±1 ppm. Requires use of the “tight” Rx operating parameter set – see [2] Carrier frequency offset ±10 ppm All measureme nts performed on Channel 5, PRF 16 MHz. Channel 2 is approximat ely 1 dB less sensitive *equivalent sensitivity with Smart TX Power enabled © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 11 DW1000 Datasheet 3.5 Reference Clock AC Characteristics Tamb = 25 ˚C, all supplies centered on typical values 3.5.1 Reference Frequency Table 7: DW1000 Reference Clock AC Characteristics Parameter Min. Crystal oscillator reference frequency Typ. Max. 38.4 Units Condition/Note MHz A 38.4 MHz signal can be provided from an external reference in place of a crystal if desired. See Figure 37 pF Depends on crystal used and PCB parasitics Crystal specifications Load capacitance 0 Shunt capacitance 0 35 4 pF Drive level 200 µW Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) 60 Ω Frequency tolerance ±20 ppm DW1000 includes circuitry to trim the crystal oscillator to reduce the initial frequency offset. ppm Trimming range provided by on-chip circuitry. Depends on the crystal used and PCB design. Vpp Must be AC coupled. A coupling capacitor value of 2200 pF is recommended Crystal trimming range ±25 Depends on crystal & load capacitance used External Reference Amplitude 0.8 SSB phase noise power density -132 -145 SSB phase noise power density Duty Cycle Low Power RC Oscillator 3.6 40 5 12 dBc/Hz @1 kHz offset. dBc/Hz @10 kHz offset. 60 % 15 kHz Transmitter AC Characteristics Tamb = 25 ˚C, all supplies centered on typical values Table 8: DW1000 Transmitter AC Characteristics Parameter Frequency range Min. Typ. 3244 Max. Units 6999 MHz Channel Bandwidths 500 900 Output power spectral density (programmable) -39 Load impedance 100 Power level range 37 dB Coarse Power level step 3 dB Fine Power level step 0.5 dB Output power variation with temperature 0.05 dB/OC Output power variation with voltage 2.73 3.34 dB/V © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice MHz -35 dBm/MHz Ω Condition/Note Channel 1, 2, 3 and 5 Channel 4 and 7 See Section 5.5 Differential Channel 2 Channel 5 Version 2.22 Page 12 DW1000 Datasheet 3.7 Temperature and Voltage Monitor Characteristics Table 9: DW1000 Temperature and Voltage Monitor Characteristics Parameter Min. Voltage Monitor Range 2.4 Voltage Monitor Precision Max. 3.75 20 Voltage Monitor Accuracy -40 Units Condition/Note V mV 140 Temperature Monitor Range 3.8 Typ. mV +100 °C Temperature Monitor Precision 0.9 °C Temperature Monitor Accuracy +/-5% °C Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 10: DW1000 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Voltage VDDPA / VDDLNA / VDDLDOD / VDDLDOA / VDDBATT / VDDIOA / VDDAON / VDDIO Min. Max. Units -0.3 4.0 V 0 dBm Receiver Power Temperature - Storage temperature -65 +150 ˚C Temperature – Operating temperature -40 +85 ˚C 2000 V ESD (Human Body Model) Stresses beyond those listed in this table may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operating conditions of the specification is not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 13 DW1000 Datasheet 4 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE 90 Blocker Rejection (dB) 80 70 60 50 40 30 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Blocker Frequency (GHz) Wanted channel 2 (3.9936 GHz) Figure 3 : RX Interferer Immunity on Channel 2 -32 -34 -36 2.5 Volts, +25⁰C Tx Pwr (dBm/MHz) -38 3.3 Volts, +25⁰C -40 3.6 Volts, +25⁰C -42 2.5 Volts, -40⁰C 3.3 Volts, -40⁰C -44 3.6 Volts, -40⁰C -46 2.5 Volts, +85⁰C -48 3.3 Volts, +85⁰C -50 3.6 Volts, +85⁰C -52 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Channel Figure 4: TX output Power over Temp & Voltage (note that 2.5 volt data points are shown for information only) Figure 5: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 110kbps Data Rate 16 MHz PRF 2048 Preamble Symbols © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 14 DW1000 Datasheet Figure 6: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 110kbps Data Rate 64 MHz PRF 2048 Preamble Symbols Figure 7: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 850kbps Data Rate 16 MHz PRF 1024 Preamble Symbols Figure 8: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 850kbps Data Rate 64 MHz PRF 1024 Preamble Symbols © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 15 DW1000 Datasheet Figure 9: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 6.81Mbps Data Rate 16 MHz PRF 256 Preamble Symbols Figure 10: Receiver Sensitivity Channel 5 6.81Mbps Data Rate 64 MHz PRF 1256 Preamble Symbols 0.12 0.1 Probability 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 Error (cm) 2 4 6 8 Figure 11: Typical probability distribution of Line of Sight 2-way ranging performance © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 16 DW1000 Datasheet Ref -40 dBm Att 5 dB *RBW 1 MHz *RBW 1 MHz *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s Ref -40 dBm A -45 A -50 -55 -55 -60 -60 -65 -65 3DB -70 3DB -70 -75 -75 -80 -80 -85 -85 -90 -90 Center 3.499 GHz 400 MHz/ Span 4 GHz Center 3.9936 GHz 16:07:44 Date: 25.SEP.2013 Ref -40 dBm Att 5 dB *RBW 1 MHz *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s Ref -40 dBm Att *RBW 1 MHz *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s A -45 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -50 -55 -55 -60 -60 -65 -65 3DB -70 3DB -70 -75 -75 -80 -80 -85 -85 -90 -90 Center 4.493 GHz 400 MHz/ Span 4 GHz Center 3.9936 GHz 16:09:23 Date: 25.SEP.2013 Ref -40 dBm Att 5 dB 400 MHz/ Span 4 GHz 15:49:33 Figure 14: TX Spectrum Channel 3 Figure 15: TX Spectrum Channel 4 *RBW 1 MHz *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s Ref -40 dBm Att 5 dB *RBW 1 MHz *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s -40 -40 A -45 -50 -55 -55 -60 -60 -65 A -45 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -65 3DB -70 -75 -80 -80 -85 -85 -90 3DB -70 -75 -90 Center 6.489 GHz Date: 25.SEP.2013 5 dB -40 A -45 1 RM * CLRWR Span 4 GHz Figure 13: TX Spectrum Channel 2 -40 Date: 25.SEP.2013 400 MHz/ 15:47:44 Figure 12: TX Spectrum Channel 1 1 RM * CLRWR *VBW 1 MHz *SWT 4 s -45 1 RM * AVG -50 Date: 25.SEP.2013 5 dB -40 -40 1 RM * CLRWR Att 400 MHz/ Span 4 GHz 16:10:30 Center 6.489 GHz Date: 25.SEP.2013 Figure 16: TX Spectrum Channel 5 © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice 400 MHz/ Span 4 GHz 16:20:23 Figure 17: TX Spectrum Channel 7 Version 2.22 Page 17 DW1000 Datasheet 5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 5.1 Physical Layer Modes Please refer to IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] for the PHY specification. 5.1.1 Supported Channels and Bandwidths The DW1000 supports the following six IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] UWB channels: Table 11: Channels supported by the DW1000 UWB Channel Number Centre Frequency (MHz) Band (MHz) Bandwidth (MHz) 1 3494.4 3244.8 – 3744 499.2 2 3993.6 3774 – 4243.2 499.2 3 4492.8 4243.2 – 4742.4 499.2 4 3993.6 3328 – 4659.2 1331.2* 5 6489.6 6240 – 6739.2 499.2 7 6489.6 5980.3 – 6998.9 1081.6* *DW1000 maximum receiver bandwidth is approximately 900 MHz 5.1.2 Supported Bit Rates and Pulse Repetition Frequencies (PRF) The DW1000 supports standard bit rates of 110 kbps, 850 kbps and 6.81 Mbps and nominal PRF values of 16 and 64 MHz. Table 12: UWB bit rates and PRF modes supported by the DW1000 PRF* (MHz) Data Rate (Mbps) 16 0.11 16 0.85 16 6.81 64 0.11 64 0.85 64 6.81 *Actual PRF mean values are slightly higher for SYNC as opposed to the other portions of a frame. Mean PRF values are 16.1/15.6 MHz and 62.89/62.4 MHz, nominally referred to as 16 and 64MHz in this document. Refer to [1] for full details of peak and mean PRFs. Generally speaking, lower data rates give increased receiver sensitivity, increased link margin and longer range but due to longer frame lengths for a given number of data bytes they result in increased air occupancy per frame and a reduction in the number of individual transmissions that can take place per unit time. 16 MHz PRF gives a marginal reduction in transmitter power consumption over 64 MHz PRF. When using 16 MHz and 64 MHz PRF on the same physical while using different preamble codes some interference may result because while the preamble codes have a low cross-correlation they are not orthogonal. See APH010 [6] for further details on channel interference. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 18 DW1000 Datasheet 5.1.3 Frame Format UWB frames are structured as shown in Figure 18. Detailed descriptions of the frame format are given in the UWB standard [1]. The frame consists of a synchronisation header (SHR) which includes the preamble symbols and start frame delimiter (SFD), followed by the PHY header (PHR) and data. The data frame is usually specified in number of bytes and the frame format will include 48 Reed-Solomon parity bits following each block of 330 data bits (or less). The maximum standard frame length is 127 bytes, including the 2-byte FCS. Figure 18: IEEE802.15.4-2011 PPDU Structure 5.1.4 Symbol Timings Timing durations in UWB standard are expressed in an integer number of symbols. This convention is adopted in DW1000 documentation. Symbol times vary depending on the data rate and PRF configuration of the device and the part of the frame. See Table 13: DW1000 Symbol Durations, for all symbol timings supported by DW1000. Table 13: DW1000 Symbol Durations 5.1.5 PRF (MHz) Data Rate (Mbps) SHR (ns) PHR (ns) Data (ns) 16 0.11 993.59 8205.13 8205.13 16 0.85 993.59 1025.64 1025.64 16 6.81 993.59 1025.64 128.21 64 0.11 1017.63 8205.13 8205.13 64 0.85 1017.63 1025.64 1025.64 64 6.81 1017.63 1025.64 128.21 Proprietary Long Frames The DW1000 offers a proprietary long frame mode where frames of up to 1023 bytes may be transferred. This requires a non-standard PHR encoding and so cannot be used in a standard system. Refer to the DW1000 User Manual for full details [2]. 5.1.6 Turnaround Times Turn-around times given in the table below are as defined in [1]. Table 14: Turn-around Times Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Turn-around time RX to TX*. 10 μs Turn-around time TX to RX*. 6 μs © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Condition/Note Achievable turnaround time depends on device configuration and frame parameters and on external host controller. Version 2.22 Page 19 DW1000 Datasheet 5.1.7 Frame Filter A standard frame filtering format is defined in IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1]. An overview of the MAC frame format is given in Figure 19 . Note that the Auxiliary Security Header is not processed in DW1000 hardware. Bytes: 2 Frame Control Field (FCF) 0 to 14 1 0 to 20 Auxiliary Sequence Address Number Information Security Header MAC Header (MHR) variable Frame Payload MAC Payload 8*Frame Length + Reed-Solomon Encoding bits 2 Frame Check Seq. (FCS) MAC Footer (MFR) MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) Figure 19: IEEE802.15.4-2011 MAC Frame Format Frame filtering allows the receiver to automatically discard frames that do not match a defined set of criteria. The DW1000 has a number of separately configurable frame filtering criteria to allow selection of the frame types to accept or discard. See IEEE802.15.4-2011 standard [1] for filtering field definition and acceptance rules. 5.1.8 Frame Check Sequence (FCS) The FCS is also known as the MAC Footer (MFR). It is a 2-byte CRC appended to frames. See standard for information on FCS generation. 5.2 Reference Crystal Oscillator The on-chip crystal oscillator generates the reference frequency for the integrated frequency synthesizers RFPLL and CLKPLL. The oscillator operates at a frequency of 38.4 MHz. DW1000 provides the facility to trim out initial frequency error in the 38.4 MHz reference crystal, see section 5.14. The trimming range depends on the crystal chosen and the loading capacitors used. Typically a trimming range of ±25 ppm is possible. Loading capacitors should be chosen such that minimum frequency error (from the channel center frequency) is achieved when the trim value is approximately mid-range. In applications that require tighter frequency tolerance (maximum range) an external oscillator such as a TCXO can be used to drive the XTAL1 pin directly. 5.3 Synthesizer DW1000 contains 2 frequency synthesizers, RFPLL which is used as a local oscillator (LO) for the TX and RX and CLKPLL which is used as a system clock. Both of these synthesizers are fully integrated apart from external passive 2nd order loop filters. The component values for these loop filters do not change regardless of the RF channel used. The register programming values for these synthesizers is contained in the user manual [2] 5.4 5.4.1 Receiver Bandwidth setting The receiver can be configured to operate in one of two bandwidth modes; 500 MHz or 900 MHz. The selection of a particular bandwidth mode is made by register settings and is described in the DW1000 User Manual [2]. 5.4.2 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Gain Control is provided to ensure optimum receiver performance by adjusting receiver gain for changing signal and environmental conditions. The DW1000 monitors the received signal level and makes appropriate automatic adjustments to ensure optimum receiver performance is maintained. 5.5 5.5.1 Transmitter Transmit Output Power DW1000 transmit power is fully adjustable as is the transmit spectrum width ensuring that applicable regulatory standards such as FCC [4] and ETSI [3] can be met. For maximum range the transmit power should be set such that the EIRP at the antenna is as close as possible to the maximum allowed, -41.3 dBm/MHz in most regions. See section 5.14.3 for more details. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 20 DW1000 Datasheet 5.5.2 Transmit Bandwidth Setting The transmitter can be configured to operate over a wide range of bandwidths. The selection of a particular bandwidth mode is made by register settings and is described in the DW1000 User Manual [2] Transmit spectral shape can also be adjusted to compensate for PCB and external components in order to give an optimal transmit spectral mask. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 21 DW1000 Datasheet 5.6 Power-up sequence 5.6.1 Typical power-up sequence 3.3 V Supplies Von (VDDAON / VDDBAT / VDDIOA / VDDLNA / VDDPA1 / VDDPA2) Tosc_on XTAL1 (38.4MHz) XTAL1 VLDO_OK VDDLDOA & VDDLDOD TRST_OK EXTON Text_on RSTn Tdig_on STATE OFF POWER UP INIT Figure 20: DW1000 Power-up Sequence When power is applied to the DW1000, RSTn is driven low by the DW1000 internal circuitry as part of its power up sequence. See Figure 20 above. RSTn remains low until the XTAL oscillator has powered up and its output is suitable for use by the rest of the device. Once that time is reached the DW1000 de-asserts RSTn. Table 15: DW1000 Power-up Timings Parameter VON Min Value Description Nominal Value Units 2.0 V Voltage threshold to enable overall IC power up. TOSC_ON Time taken for oscillator to start up and stabilise. 1.0 1.5 ms TEXT_ON EXTON goes high this long before RSTn is released. 1.5 2 ms TDIG_ON RSTn held low by internal reset circuit / driven low by external reset circuit. 1.5 2 ms VLDO_OK Voltage threshold on the VDDLDOD supply at which the digital core powers up. 1.6 TRST_OK Time for which RSTn must continue to remain low once VDDLDOD exceeds VLDO_OK min. If TRST_OK min cannot be met due to the timing of the VDDLDOD supply ramp then RSTn should be manually driven low for at least TRST_OK min time to ensure correct reset operation 10 5.6.2 V 50 ns Variation in the power-up sequence It is possible, that in some circuit arrangements, the start-up sequence may need to be altered. This can happen if, for example, the VDDLDOD supply is controlled via an external controller or if a slow ramp regulator is used to provide the VDDLDOD supply. In these situations the RSTn pin would have to be controlled by the external circuitry to ensure the digital circuits receive proper reset on power up. VLDO_OK VDDLDOA & VDDLDOD TRST_OK EXTON RSTn VDDLDOD not ready STATE OFF POWER UP User asserts RSTn to ensure reset occurs INIT Figure 21: Power up example where VDDLDOD cannot be guaranteed to be ready in time for the RSTn going high © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 22 DW1000 Datasheet Figure 21 shows a situation where the VDDLDOD supply is not high until after the first RSTn low to high transition (start of shaded area of RSTn). In this case the external circuitry must pull RSTn down again after the VDDLDOD supply has exceeded VLDO_OK. This will ensure the digital circuits receive proper reset on power up. The RSTn pin should be either held low during power up until TRST_OK is met or driven low for a minimum of TRST_OK. 5.6.3 5.6.3.1 External control of RSTn / use of RSTn by external circuitry External control of RSTn An external circuit can reset the DW1000 by asserting RSTn for a minimum of TRST_OK. RSTn is an asynchronous input. DW1000 initialization will proceed when the RSTn pin is released to high impedance. An external source should open-drain the RSTn pin once the DW1000 has been reset. If RSTn is controlled by a GPIO of an external micro-controller care should be taken to ensure that the GPIO is configured as highimpedance as soon as it is released from the LOW state. When in DEEPSLEEP mode, the DW1000 drives RSTn to ground. This can result in current flowing if RSTn is driven high externally and will result in incorrect wake-up operation. RSTn should never be driven high by an external source. 5.6.3.2 Use of RSTn by external circuitry Table 16: External use of RSTn Use of RSTn Description As output to control external circuitry RSTn may be used as an output to reset external circuitry as part of an orderly bring up of a system as power is applied. As interrupt input to external host RSTn may be used as an interrupt input to the external host to indicate that the DW1000 has entered the INIT state. When RSTn is used in this way care should be taken to ensure that the interrupt pin of the external host does not pull-up the RSTn signal which should be left open-drain. Refer to Table 1 and Figure 37. 5.7 Voltage/Temperature Monitors The on-chip voltage and temperature monitors allow the host to read the voltage on the VDDAON pin and the internal die temperature information from the DW1000. See Table 9 for characteristics. 5.8 Host Controller Interface The DW1000 host communications interface is a slave-only SPI. Both clock polarities (SPIPOL=0/1) and phases (SPIPHA=0/1) are supported. The data transfer protocol supports single and multiple byte read/writes accesses. All bytes are transferred MSB first and LSB last. A transfer is initiated by asserting SPICSn low and terminated when SPICSn is deasserted high. The DW1000 transfer protocols for each SPIPOL and SPIPHA setting are given in Figure 22 and Figure 23. Note: Figure 22 and Figure 23 detail the SPI protocol as defined for SPICLK polarities and phases. The sampling and launch edges used by the SPI bus master are shown. DW1000 is a SPI slave device and will comply with the protocol by ensuring that the SPIMISO data is valid on the required SPICLK edge with setup and hold times as given by Table 18. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 23 DW1000 Datasheet Cycle Number, # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8*Number of bytes 9 SPIPOL=0, SPIPHA=0 SPICLK SPIPOL=1, SPIPHA=0 SPICLK SPICSn SPIMISO z MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB MSB LSB X Z SPIMOSI z MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB MSB LSB X Z Figure 22: DW1000 SPIPHA=0 Transfer Protocol Cycle Number, # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8*Number of bytes 9 SPIPOL=0, SPIPHA=1 SPICLK SPIPOL=1, SPIPHA=1 SPICLK SPICSn SPIMISO z X MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB MSB LSB Z SPIMOSI z X MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB MSB LSB Z Figure 23: DW1000SPIPHA=1 Transfer Protocol The MSB of the first byte is the read/write indicator, a low bit indicates a read access and a high bit indicates a write access. The second bit, bit 6 of the first byte, indicates whether a sub address byte will be included in the SPI access, a high bit indicates a further address byte to follow the initial byte and a low bit indicating that the bytes to follow the first byte are data. The 6 LSBs of the first byte contain an access address. The second byte of a transfer command, if included, gives the sub address being accessed. If the MSB of this optional second byte is high, it indicates a second sub address byte to follow in the third transfer byte. The 7 LSBs of this second byte give the 7 LSBs of the sub address. The third byte of a transfer command, if included give the 8 MSBs of the sub address. The number of data bytes to follow the 1-3 command bytes is not limited by the DW1000 transfer protocol. Figure 24: SPI Byte Formatting Byte Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Read/Write 0 – Read 1 – Write Sub address 0 – no sub address 1 – sub address present Sub Address 0 (Optional) Extended sub address 0 – 1 byte sub address 1 – 2 byte sub address 7-bits of sub address. These will be the LSBs if more bits are to follow. Sub Address 1 (Optional) 8 bits of sub address. These will form the MSBs, bits [14:7] of the 15-bit sub address. Command Data 6-bit access address 8-bit read/write bytes (variable number). The SPIMISO line may be connected to multiple slave SPI devices each of which is required to go open-drain when their respective SPICSn lines are de-asserted. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 24 DW1000 Datasheet The DW1000 has internal pull up and pull down circuits to ensure safe operation in the event of the host interface signals being disconnected. These are for internal use only, and should not be used to pull an external signal high or low. Internal pull-down resistance values are in the range 34 kΩ – 90 kΩ, internal pullup resistance values are in the range 40 kΩ - 90 kΩ. GPIO5 (SPIPOL) ~60kΩ ~55kΩ 30 DW1000 ~55 kΩ 24 39 ~55kΩ 40 41 SPICSn SPI PORT GPIO6 (SPIPHA) VDDIOA 33 SPIMOSI SPIMISO Host Controller SPICLK ~55kΩ Figure 25: SPI Connections More details of the protocol used for data transfer, the description of the accessible registers and the description of the bit functions of those registers are published in the DW1000 User Manual [2]. 5.8.1 Configuring the SPI Mode The SPI interface supports a number of different clock polarity and clock / data phase modes of operation. These modes are selected using GPIO5 & 6 as follows: Table 17: DW1000 SPI Mode Configuration GPIO 5 (SPIPOL) GPIO 6 (SPIPHA) SPI Mode 0 0 0 Data is sampled on the rising (first) edge of the clock and launched on the falling (second) edge. 0 1 1 Data is sampled on the falling (second) edge of the clock and launched on the rising (first) edge. 1 0 2 Data is sampled on the falling (first) edge of the clock and launched on the rising (second) edge. 1 1 3 Data is sampled on the rising (second) edge of the clock and launched on the falling (first) edge. Description (from the master / host point of view) Note: The 0 on the GPIO pins can either be open circuit or a pull down to ground. The 1 on the GPIO pins is a pull up to VDDIO. GPIO 5 / 6 are sampled / latched on the rising edge of the RSTn pin to determine the SPI mode. They are internally pulled low to configure a default SPI mode 0 without the use of external components. If a mode other 0 is required then they should be pulled up using an external resistor of value no greater than 10 kΩ to the VDDIO output supply. If GPIO5 / 6 are also being used to control an external transmit / receive switch then external pull-up resistors of no less than 1 kΩ should be used so that the DW1000 can correctly drive these outputs in normal operation after the reset sequence / SPI configuration operation is complete. The recommended range of resistance values to pull-up GPIO 5 / 6 is in the range of 1-10 kΩ. If it is required to pull-down GPIO 5 / 6, such as in the case where the signal is also pulled high at the input to an external IC, the resistor value chosen needs to take account of the DW1000 internal pull-down resistor values as well as those of any connected external pull-up resistors. It is possible to set the SPI mode using the DW1000’s one-time programmable configuration block to avoid the need for external components and to leave the GPIO free for use. This is a one-time activity and cannot be reversed so care must be taken to ensure that the desired SPI mode is set. Please refer to the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details of OTP use and configuration. The operating mode of the SPI is determined when the DW1000’s digital control function is initialised as a result of a device reset or is woken up from a SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP state and is in state INIT or IDLE. At this time GPIO lines 5 and 6 are sampled and their values act to select the SPI mode. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 25 DW1000 Datasheet See section 6 OPERATIONAL STATES AND POWER MANAGEMENT When the DW1000 is put in SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP modes, the SPI MISO is held low. It is possible to share a SPI bus with the DW1000, in this case access to the other SPI slave would have to occur when the DW1000 is not in SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP. 5.8.2 SPI Signal Timing SPICSn S PICLK Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 SPIMOSI 7 SPIMISO 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 t7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 0 7 t5 t8 6 5 t6 t9 Figure 26: DW1000 SPI Timing Diagram SPICSn S PICLK Bit 7 SPIMOSI Bit 6 7 SPIMISO t3 t1 6 t4 Bit 5 5 t2 Figure 27: DW1000 SPI Detailed Timing Diagram SPI transactions are initiated by the assertion of the active low chip select line, SPICSn. The high-to-low assertion (low) of SPICSn initialises the SPI transaction handler so that the DW1000 interprets the next octet(s) as a new transaction header. The low-to-high de-assertion of SPICSn ends the SPI transaction. Note- The SPICSn should remain low for an entire SPI transaction. If the CSn goes high between octets, the transaction will be terminated where the CSn goes high and the next octet will be treated as a new transaction. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for further details on SPI transactions. Table 18: DW1000 SPI Timing Parameters @ A) 125 MHz system clock and B) 19.2 MHz system clock A: Parameter Min SPICLK Period 50 t1 Typ Max 38 Unit Description @ 125 MHz ns The maximum SPI frequency is 20 MHz when the CLKPLL is locked, otherwise the maximum SPI frequency is 3 MHz. ns SPICSn select asserted low to valid slave output data t2 12 ns SPICLK low to valid slave output data t3 10 ns Master data output setup and hold time i.e Master data = MOSI t4 10 ns Master data output setup and hold time i.e Master data = MOSI t5 32 ns LSB last byte to MSB next byte t6 ns SPICSn de-asserted high to SPIMISO tri-state t7 16 10 ns Start time; time from select asserted to first SPICLK t8 40 ns Last SPICLK to SPICSn de-asserted t9 40 ns Idle time between consecutive accesses © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 26 DW1000 Datasheet B: Parameter Min SPICLK Period Max 300 t1 210 Unit Description @ 19.2 MHz ns The SPI will be clocked directly from the crystal when the PLL is not active or has not been switched in due to settling. The maximum SPI frequency is 3 MHz when the system is clocked from the crystal @19.6 MHz. ns SPICSn select asserted low to valid slave output data t2 55 ns SPICLK low to valid slave output data t3 10 ns Master data output setup and hold time i.e Master data = MOSI t4 10 ns Master data output setup and hold time i.e Master data = MOSI t5 205 ns LSB last byte to MSB next byte t6 5.9 Typ ns SPICSn de-asserted high to SPIMISO tri-state t7 105 55 ns Start time; time from select asserted to first SPICLK t8 250 ns Last SPICLK to SPICSn de-asserted t9 250 ns Idle time between consecutive accesses General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) The DW1000 provides 8 user-configurable I/O pins. On reset, all GPIO pins default to input. GPIO inputs, when appropriately configured, are capable of generating interrupts to the host processor via the IRQ signal. Some GPIO lines have multiple functions as described in 2.2 above. GPIO0, 1, 2, & 3, as one of their optional functions, can drive LEDs to indicate the status of various chip operations. Any GPIO line being used to drive an LED in this way should be connected as shown. GPIO5 & 6 are used to configure the operating mode of the SPI as described in 5.8.1. GPIO4, 5 & 6 may be optionally used to implement a scheme with an external power amplifier to provide a transmit power level in excess of that provided by the DW1000. FROM GPIO 470Ω LED The DW1000 User Manual [2] provides details of the configuration and use of the GPIO lines. 5.10 Memory The DW1000 includes a number of user accessible memories: - 5.10.1 Receive and Transmit data buffers Buffers used to store received data to be read from the DW1000 by the host controller and data for transmission written into the DW1000 by the host controller. These are sized as follows: Table 19: Transmit & Receive Buffer Memory Size Memory Size (bits) Description Tx Buffer 1024 x 8 Transmit data buffer. Contains data written by the host processor to be transmitted via the transmitter Rx Buffer 1024 x 8 x 2 Receive data buffer. Contains data received via the receiver to be read by the host processor via the SPI interface. Double buffered so that the receiver can receive a second packet while the first is being read by the host controller 5.10.2 Accumulator memory © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 27 DW1000 Datasheet The accumulator memory is used to store the channel impulse response estimate. Table 20: Accumulator Memory Size Memory Size (bits) Accumulator 1016 x 32 Description Accumulator buffer. Used to store channel impulse response estimate data to be optionally read by the host controller 5.10.3 One Time Programmable (OTP) Calibration Memory The DW1000 contains a small amount of user programmable OTP memory that is used to store per chip calibration information. When programming the OTP, the user should ensure that the VDDIO pins are supplied with 3.7 V minimum. If the VDDIO pin is unavailable, then the VDDIOA pin should be driven instead. Table 21: OTP calibration memory Memory Size (bits) Calibration 56 x 32 Description One time programmable area of memory used for storing calibration data. 5.11 Interrupts and Device Status DW1000 has a number of interrupt events that can be configured to drive the IRQ output pin. The default IRQ pin polarity is active high. A number of status registers are provided in the system to monitor and report data of interest. See DW1000 User Manual [2] for a full description of system interrupts and their configuration and status registers. 5.12 MAC Features 5.12.1 Timestamping DW1000 generates transmit timestamps and captures receive timestamps. These timestamps are 40-bit values at a nominal 64 GHz resolution, for approximately 15 ps event timing precision. These timestamps enable ranging calculations. DW1000 allows antenna delay values to be programmed for automatic adjustment of timestamps. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for more details of DW1000 implementation and IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] for details of definitions and required precision of timestamps and antenna delay values. 5.12.2 FCS Generation and Checking DW1000 will automatically append a 2-byte FCS to transmitted frames and check received frames’ FCS. The DW1000 can be used to send frames with a host-generated FCS, if desired. 5.12.3 Automatic Frame Filtering Automatic frame filtering can be carried out using the DW1000. Incoming frames can be rejected automatically if they fail frame type or destination address checks. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details. 5.12.4 Automatic Acknowledge The DW1000 can be configured to automatically acknowledge received frames requesting acknowledgement. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details. Note that RX-TX turnaround is optimised for Automatic Acknowledge and is typically ~6.5 µs, but depends on the configured frame parameters. The delay applied between frames is programmable in preamble symbol durations to allow compliance with standard SIFS and LIFS requirements. 5.12.5 Double Receive Buffer The DW1000 has two receive buffers to allow the device to receive another frame whilst the host is accessing a previously received frame. Achievable throughput is increased by this feature. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for details. 5.13 External Synchronization The DW1000 provides a SYNC input. This allows: © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 28 DW1000 Datasheet • • • Synchronization of multiple DW1000 timestamps. Transmission synchronous to an external reference. Receive timestamping synchronous to an external counter. As shown in Figure 28 the SYNC input must be source synchronous with the external frequency reference. The SYNC input from the host system provides a common reference point in time to synchronise all the devices with the accuracy necessary to achieve high resolution location estimation. XTAL1 SYNC tsync_su tsync_hd Figure 28: SYNC signal timing relative to XTAL1 Table 22: SYNC signal timing relative to XTAL Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Description tSYNC_SU 10 ns SYNC signal setup time before XTAL1 rising edge tSYNC_HD 10 ns SYNC signal hold time after XTAL1 rising edge Further details on wired and wireless synchronization are available from Decawave. 5.14 Calibration and Spectral Tuning of the DW1000 5.14.1 Introduction Depending on the end use application and the system design, certain internal settings in the DW1000 may need to be tuned. To help with this tuning a number of built in functions such as continuous wave TX and continuous packet transmission can be enabled. See the DW1000 User Manual [2] for further details on the sections described below. 5.14.2 Crystal Oscillator Trim Minimising the carrier frequency offset between different DW1000 devices improves receiver sensitivity. The DW1000 allows trimming to reduce crystal initial frequency error. The simplest way to measure this frequency error is to observe the output of the transmitter at an expected known frequency using a spectrum analyser or frequency counter. To adjust the frequency offset, the device is configured to transmit a CW signal at a particular channel frequency (e.g. 6.5 GHz). By accurately measuring the actual center frequency of the transmission the difference between it and the desired frequency can be determined. The trim value is then adjusted until the smallest frequency offset from the desired center frequency is obtained. Figure 29 gives the relationship between crystal trim code and crystal ppm offset. If required, crystal trimming should be carried out on each DW1000 unit or module. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 29 DW1000 Datasheet 30.00 ppm offset 20.00 10.00 0.00 -10.00 -20.00 -30.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Crystal Trim Code Figure 29: Typical Device Crystal Trim PPM Adjustment The type of crystal used and the value of the loading capacitors will affect the crystal trim step size and the total trimming range. The total trim range and frequency step per trim code in ppm can be approximated using the following formula: Total trim range in ppm Trim step size in ppm 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇_𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 106 � 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇_𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀 �� 2∗(𝐶𝐶0 +𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 +𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ) 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇_𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 +𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 � 31 Where CM and Co are derived from the crystal model shown below, which is available from the crystal manufacturer. CL is the external load capacitance including PCB parasitic and CTRIM = 7.75 pF, which is the maximum internal trimming capacitance in DW1000. 5.14.3 Transmitter Calibration In order to maximise range DW1000 transmit power spectral density (PSD) should be set to the maximum allowable for the geographic region. For most regions this is -41.3 dBm/MHz. The DW1000 provides the facility to adjust the transmit power in coarse and fine steps; 3 dB and 0.5 dB nominally. It also provides the ability to adjust the spectral bandwidth. These adjustments can be used to maximise transmit power whilst meeting regulatory spectral mask. If required, transmit calibration should be carried out on each DW1000 PCB / module. 5.14.4 Antenna Delay Calibration In order to measure range accurately, precise calculation of timestamps is required. To do this the antenna delay must be known. The DW1000 allows this delay to be calibrated and provides the facility to compensate for delays introduced by PCB, external components, antenna and internal DW1000 delays. To calibrate the antenna delay, range is measured at a known distance using 2 DW1000 systems. Antenna delay is adjusted until the known distance and reported range agree. The antenna delay can be stored in OTP memory. Antenna delay calibration must be carried out as a once off measurement for each DW1000 design implementation. If required, for greater accuracy, antenna delay calibration should be carried out on each DW1000 PCB / module. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 30 DW1000 Datasheet 6 OPERATIONAL STATES AND POWER MANAGEMENT 6.1 Overview The DW1000 has a number of basic operating states as follows: Table 23: Operating States Name Description OFF The chip is powered down INIT This is the lowest power state that allows external micro-controller access. In this state the DW1000 host interface clock is running off the 38.4 MHz reference clock. In this mode the SPICLK frequency can be no greater than 3 MHz. IDLE In this state the internal clock generator is running and ready for use. The analog receiver and transmitter are powered down. Full speed SPI accesses may be used in this state. DEEPSLEEP This is the lowest power state apart from the OFF state. In this state SPI communication is not possible. This state requires an external pin to be driven (can be SPICSn held low or WAKEUP held high) for a minimum of 500 µs to indicate a wake up condition. Once the device has detected the wake up condition, the EXTON pin will be asserted and internal reference oscillator (38.4 MHz) is enabled. In this state it is possible for the DW1000 to wake up after a programmed sleep count. The low power oscillator is running and the internal sleep counter is active. The sleep counter allows for periods from approximately 300 ms to 450 hours before the DW1000 wakes up. In this state SPI communication is not possible. In this state it is also possible for an external pin to be driven (can be SPICSn held low or WAKEUP held high) for a minimum of 500 µs to indicate a wake up condition. Once the device has detected the wake up condition, the EXTON pin will be asserted and internal reference oscillator (38.4 MHz) is enabled. SLEEP RX The DW1000 is actively looking for preamble or receiving a packet RX PREAMBLE SNIFF TX In this state the DW1000 periodically enters the RX state, searches for preamble and if no preamble is found returns to the IDLE state. If preamble is detected it will stay in the RX state and demodulate the packet. Can be used to lower overall power consumption. The DW1000 is actively transmitting a packet For more information on operating states please refer to the user manual [2]. 6.2 Operating States and their effect on power consumption The DW1000 can be configured to return to any one of the states, IDLE, INIT, SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP between active transmit and receive states. This choice has implications for overall system power consumption and timing, see table below. Table 24: Operating States and their effect on power consumption DEVICE STATE IDLE INIT SLEEP Entry to State Host controller command or previous operation completion Host controller command Host controller command or previous operation completion Exit from State Host controller command Host controller command Sleep counter timeout Next state DEEPSLEEP OFF Host controller command or previous operation completion External supplies are off SPICSn held low Or WAKEUP held high for 500 µs External 3.3 V supply on Various IDLE INIT INIT INIT Current Consumption 18 mA (No DC/DC) 12 mA (with DC/DC) 4 mA 1 µA 50 nA 0 Configuration Maintained Maintained Maintained Maintained Not maintained Time before RX State Ready Immediate 5 μs 3 ms 3 ms 3 ms Time before TX State Ready Immediate 5 μs 3 ms 3 ms 3 ms In the SLEEP, DEEPSLEEP and OFF states, it is necessary to wait for the main on-board crystal oscillator to power up and stabilize before the DW1000 can be used. This introduces a delay of up to 3 ms each time the DW1000 exits SLEEP, DEEPSLEEP and OFF states. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 31 DW1000 Datasheet 6.3 Transmit and Receive power profiles 1. POWER OFF BETWEEN OPERATIONS Configuration lost OSC / PLL STARTUP Device ready for operation TX / RX OPERATION OFF Idd = 0 TX / RX OPERATION DEEPSLEEP Idd = 100 nA TX / RX OPERATION SLEEP Idd = 2 µA TX / RX OPERATION TX / RX OPERATION DEEPSLEEP Idd = 100 nA Device ready for operation OSC / PLL STARTUP TX / RX OPERATION SLEEP Idd = 2 µA 5 ms approx / 1mA Device ready for operation 4. INIT STATE BETWEEN OPERATIONS Configuration retained OSC / PLL STARTUP OFF Idd = 0 Device ready for operation OSC / PLL STARTUP 5 ms approx / 1mA 3. SLEEP BETWEEN OPERATIONS Configuration retained OSC / PLL STARTUP TX / RX OPERATION 5 ms approx / 1mA 2. DEEP SLEEP BETWEEN OPERATIONS Configuration retained OSC / PLL STARTUP OSC / PLL STARTUP INIT Idd = 4 mA PLL LOCK TX / RX OPERATION INIT Idd = 4 mA 5µs approx / 5mA Figure 30: Sleep options between operations The tables below show typical configurations of the DW1000 and their associated power profiles. Table 25: Operational Modes Example Setting Data Rate PRF (MHz) Preamble (Symbols) Data Length (Bytes) Packet Duration (µs) A 110 kbps 16 1024 12 2443 RTLS, TDOA Scheme, Long Range, Low Density B 6.8 Mbps 16 128 12 175 RTLS, TDOA Scheme, Short Range, High Density C 110 kbps 16 1024 30 3625 RTLS, 2-way ranging scheme, Long Range, Low Density D 6.8 Mbps 16 128 30 194 RTLS, 2-way ranging scheme, Short Range, High Density E 6.8 Mbps 16 1024 1023 2250 Data transfer, Short Range, Long Payload Typical Use Case (Refer to DW1000 user manual for further information) F 6.8 Mbps 16 128 127 312 Data transfer, Short Range, Short Payload G 110 kbps 16 1024 1023 78258 Data transfer, Long Range, Long Payload H 110 kbps 16 1024 127 11173 Data transfer, Long Range, Short Payload I 110 kbps 64 1024 12 2469 As Mode 1 using 64 MHz PRF J 6.8 Mbps 64 128 12 179 As Mode 2 using 64 MHz PRF K 110 kbps 64 1024 30 3651 As Mode 3 using 64 MHz PRF L 6.8 Mbps 64 128 30 197 As Mode 4 using 64 MHz PRF M 6.8 Mbps 64 1024 1023 2275 As Mode 5 using 64 MHz PRF N 6.8 Mbps 64 128 127 315 As Mode 6 using 64 MHz PRF O 110 kbps 64 1024 1023 78284 As Mode 7 using 64 MHz PRF 64 P 110 kbps Note: Other modes are possible 1024 127 11199 As Mode 8 using 64 MHz PRF © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 32 DW1000 Datasheet Table 26: Typical TX Current Consumption TX IAVG (mA) Example Setting Channel 2 Avg Preamble Channel 5 Data Avg Units Preamble Data A 48 68 35 56 74 42 mA B 68 68 50 69 74 57 mA C 44 68 35 50 74 42 mA D 60 68 51 67 74 58 mA E 50 68 51 56 74 58 mA F 56 68 51 62 74 58 mA G 35 68 35 42 74 42 mA H 38 68 35 44 74 42 mA I 61 83 40 67 89 46 mA J 79 83 52 85 89 59 mA K 52 83 40 59 89 46 mA L 75 83 52 82 89 59 mA M 53 83 52 60 89 59 mA N 65 83 52 72 89 59 mA O 40 83 40 46 89 46 mA P 43 83 40 50 89 46 mA Table 27: Typical RX Current Consumption RX IAVG (mA) Example Setting Channel 2 Channel 5 Avg Preamble Data Demod Avg Preamble Data Demod A 86 113 129 92 118 62 Units mA B 115 113 118 122 118 123 mA C 76 113 129 81 118 62 mA D 115 113 115 123 118 123 mA E 118 113 118 126 118 126 mA F 113 113 113 125 118 126 mA G 57 113 129 65 118 62 mA H 62 113 129 70 118 62 mA I 90 113 129 94 118 75 mA J 112 113 118 117 118 123 mA K 82 113 129 85 118 75 mA L 112 113 118 118 118 123 mA M 114 113 118 120 118 123 mA N 113 113 118 119 118 123 mA O 72 113 129 76 118 75 mA P 76 113 129 80 118 75 mA Tamb = 25 ˚C, All supplies centered on typical values. All currents referenced to 3.3 V (VDDLDOA, VDDLDOD supplies fed via a 1.6 V 90% efficient DC/DC converter) From Table 25, Table 26 and Table 27 above it is clear that there is a trade-off between communications range and power consumption. Lower data rates allow longer range communication but consume more power. Higher data rates consume less power but have a reduced communications range. For a given payload length, the following table shows two configurations of the DW1000. The first achieves minimum power consumption (not including DEEPSLEEP, SLEEP, INIT & IDLE) and the second achieves longest communication range. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 33 DW1000 Datasheet Table 28: Lowest power and longest range modes of operation PRF (MHz) Preamble (Symbols) 6.8 Mbps with gating gain 16 64 2 options based on hardware configuration 6.8 Mbps with gating gain 16 128 Longest Range 110 Kbps 16 2048 Mode Data Rate Lowest Power Channel 1 Data Length (Bytes) Rx PAC (Symbols) Notes (Refer to DW1000 user manual for further information) Using 64 gearing tables As short as possible 8 All supported lengths 32 Using “standard” gearing tables Using “tight” gearing tables and a TCXO as the source of the 38.4 MHz clock at each node The graph below shows typical range and average transmitter current consumption per frame with the transmitter running at -41.3 dBm/MHz output power and using 0 dBi gain antennas for channel 2. 90 80 250 TX Iavg (mA) Range 200 70 60 TX I avg (mA) 150 50 Range (m) 40 100 30 20 50 10 0 0 Modes Figure 31: Typical Range versus TX average current (channel 2) Tamb = 25 ˚C, All supplies centered on typical values. All currents referenced to 3.3 V (VDDLDOA, VDDLDOD supplies fed via a 1.6 V 90% efficient DC/DC converter) © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 34 DW1000 Datasheet 6.3.1 mA 70 Typical transmit profile TX power profile for Mode 2 (Returning to DEEPSLEEP state) Date rate 6.8Mb/s; Channel 2; Preamble length 128 symbols; 12 byte frame. 60 50 40 65 mA 30 15mA 20 10 5 0 12 Byte Packet 48 mA 12mA 3mA 100nA max OSC STARTUP PLL STARTUP ~2ms WR TX DATA TX SHR TX PHR / PSDU 10µs 135µs 40µs t DEEPSLEEP 7µs Power measured over this duration Figure 32: Typical TX Power Profile 6.3.2 Typical receive profiles Figure 33: Typical RX Power Profile Figure 34: Typical RX Power Profile using SNIFF mode © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 35 DW1000 Datasheet 7 POWER SUPPLY 7.1 Power Supply Connections There are a number of different power supply connections to the DW1000. The chip operates from a nominal 3.3 V supply. Some circuits in the chip are directly connected to the external 3.3 V supply. Other circuits are fed from a number of on-chip low-dropout regulators. The outputs of these LDO regulators are brought out to pins of the chip for decoupling purposes. Refer to Figure 35 for further details. The majority of the supplies are used in the analog & RF section of the chip where it is important to maintain supply isolation between individual circuits to achieve the required performance. 3.3 V Supply DW1000 Tx PA Rx LNA VDDPA2 “Always On” Config Store VDDPA1 All other 3V3 circuits VDDLNA On-chip LDOs for analog circuits VDDAON VDDBATT VDDLDOA VDDLDOD VDDIOA On-chip LDO for digital circuits Digital IO Ring Internal Switches VDDSYN VDDCLK VDDVCO VDDMS VDDIF VDDREG VDDDIG VDDIO To External Decoupling Capacitors Figure 35: Power Supply Connections 7.2 Use of External DC / DC Converter The DW1000 supports the use of external switching regulators to reduce overall power consumption from the power source. Using switching regulators can reduce system power consumption. The EXTON pin can be used to further reduce power by disabling the external regulator when the DW1000 is in the SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP states (provided the EXTON turn on time is sufficient). 3.3 V Supply EXTON VIN EN DC / DC VOUT 1.8 V Tx PA DW1000 Rx LNA VDDPA2 “Always On” Config Store VDDPA1 All other 3V3 circuits VDDLNA On-chip LDOs for analog circuits VDDAON On-chip LDO for digital circuits VDDBATT VDDLDOA VDDLDOD VDDIOA Digital IO Ring Internal Switches VDDSYN VDDCLK VDDVCO VDDMS VDDIF VDDREG VDDDIG VDDIO To External Decoupling Capacitors Figure 36: Switching Regulator Connection © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 36 DW1000 Datasheet 7.3 Powering down the DW1000 The DW1000 has a very low DEEPSLEEP current (typ. 50 nA – see Table 3). The recommended practise is to keep the DW1000 powered up and use DEEPSLEEP mode when the device is inactive. In situations where the DW1000 must be power-cycled (the 3.3 V supply in Figure 35 / Figure 36 respectively turned off and then back on), it is important to note that when power is removed the supply voltage will decay towards 0 V at a rate determined by the characteristics of the power source and the amount of decoupling capacitance in the system. In this scenario, power should only be reapplied to the DW1000 when: • • VDDAON is above 2.3 V or: VDDAON has fallen below 100 mV Reapplying power while VDDAON is between 100 mV and 2.3 V can lead to the DW1000 powering up in an unknown state which can only be recovered by fully powering down the device until the voltage on VDDAON falls below 100 mV. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 37 DW1000 Datasheet 8 APPLICATION INFORMATION Application Circuit Diagram IRQ VCC U3 100K Optional Use of TCXO VDD_3V3 OUT GND 3V LDO VDDDIG GND Optional external pull-down if SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP modes are used* GND SPICLK GND SPIMISO VDDBAT VCOTUNE 38 39 37 GPIO1 GPIO0 SPIMOSI 41 42 43 44 40 SPIMISO SPICLK VDDIO VSSIO 45 IRQ 28 VDDLDOD VDDAON RSTn VDDLDOD 25 VDD_3V3 VDDAON Don’t Do This! U1 24 23 22 21 20 19 26 SPICSn GND WAKEUP 12p EXTON RF Traces 100R GND GND 10k VDDIOA GND VDDPA2 18 VDDPA1 17 16 15 VDDLNA 18p GPIO6 SYNC 27 GND T1 Antenna VDDDIG 46 47 48 VDDVCO 10k GND 29 SPICSn 12 RSTn VDDSYN WAKEUP 11 NC 270R 820p GND 10 0.1uF 0.1uF GND 0.1uF 30 VDDIOA VDDCLK 13 1p2 9 0.1uF 27p 16k GND 31 SYNC CLKTUNE GPIO5 32 GPIO6 VDDIF FORCEON 8 GPIO4 33 VDDIO DW1000 EXTON 7 VDDMS VDDDREG 6 GPIO3 34 VSSIO VREF optional external pull-ups for SPI mode configuration GPIO2 35 GPIO5 XTAL2 VDDPA2 0.1uF GND 0.1uF GND 11k (1%) 5 36 GPIO2 GPIO4 XTAL1 VDDPA1 4 NC RF_N 3 GPIO0 GPIO3 RF_P GND GND NC TESTMODE 2 VDDLNA 10pF 10pF 38.4 MHz 1 SPIMOSI GPIO1 VDDBAT GND X1 GND 0.1uF (paddle) Leave XTAL2 pin floating if TCXO used GND VDDLDOA GND X2 38.4 MHz TCXO NC OUT 14 VCC XTAL1 49 2200pF VDDLDOA 0.1uF VDD_TCXO 0.1uF 8.1 U2 RF Traces 100R RF Trace 50R En VDDDIG 12p Vout VDDLDOD 0.1 uF Vin VDD_3V3 GND 1V8 VDDLDOA DC-DC Convertor (optional) VDD_3V3 VDDLDOA 0.1 uF VDDLDOD 0.1 uF VDDAON 0.1 uF 0.1 uF VDDIOA 0.1 uF VDDBAT 10000 pF 330 pF VDDLNA 10pF 330 pF 10 pF 0.1 uF 47 uF 0.1 uF VDDPA2 VDDPA1 GND Decoupling: Place capacitors close to pins Figure 37: DW1000 Application Circuit *The external pull-down is not required if the connected MCU has an internal MCU pull-down © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 38 DW1000 Datasheet 8.2 Recommended Components Function Manufacturer Part No Ref Web Link Partron ACS5200HFAUWB www.partron.co.kr Taiyo Yuden AH086M555003 www.yuden.co.jp SMT UWB Balun 3-8 GHz TDK Corporation HHM1595A1 T1 www.tdk.co.jp STMicroelectronics BAL-UWB-01E3 T1 www.st.com Capacitors (Non polarized) Murata GRM155 series KEMET C0805C476M9PACTU TXC 8Y38472012 Antenna Abracon Geyer Rakon DC/DC 3V3 Torex XC9258B33CER-G Torex XC9282B18E0R-G-ND www.kemet.com www.txccorp.com X1 HDD10RSX-10 509344 www.abracon.com www.geyer-electronic.de www.rakon.com Note that the crystal loading caps must be selected according to the crystal manufacturer’s recommendation and your PCB design so as to place the nominal crystal oscillation frequency in the centre of the DW1000 crystal trim range. The values given in Figure 37 above are for example purposes only and may not apply to your design. VDD_3V3 XCL222B181ER-G DC/DC 1V8 TCXO (optional use in Anchor nodes. 38.4 MHz) 47 µF ABM10-16538.400MHz-T3 KX-5T (need to request tight tolerance option) Crystal (38.4 MHz +/10ppm) Resistors www.murata.com XC9258B18CER-G U2 www.torexsemi.com www.torexsemi.com Texas Instruments LM3671TL-1.8/NOPB www.ti.com ROHM MCR01MZPF www.rohm.com TXC 7Z38470005 www.txccorp.com Abracon ASTXR-12-38.400MHz514054-T Geyer KXO-84 www.geyer-electronic.de Rakon IT2200K 3.3V 38.4MHz www.rakon.com © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice X2 www.abracon.com Version 2.22 Page 39 DW1000 Datasheet 8.3 8.3.1 Application Circuit Layout PCB Stack The following 4-layer PCB stack up is one suggested stack up which can be used to achieve optimum performance. MANUFACTURING STACKUP 4-LAYER IMPEDANCE CONTROLLED PCB WITH TH VIAS File Ext Description GTP GTO GTS GTL G1 Top Paste Top Silkscreen Top Solder Top Layer Inner Layer 1 G2 GBL GBS GBO GBP Inner Layer 2 Bottom Layer Bottom Solder Bottom Silkscreen Bottom Paste Board Stackup FR4 Core 1 x 7628 50% FR4 Pre Preg 1 x 106 76% FR4 Pre Preg 1 x 7628 50% FR4 Pre Preg FR4 Core TOTAL THICKNESS Copper 38 µm (finished) Copper 18 µm 510 µm 207 µm 58 µm 207 µm 510 µm Copper 18 µm Copper 38 µm (finished) 1.600 mm +/- 10% Controlled Impedance Traces are as follows: a) Tolerance on all lines, unless other wise specified +/- 10% b) 50 Ω Single Ended CPW Traces on Top Layer (50 Ω with reference to Inner Layer 1, no solder resist) = 0.95 mm (1.00 mm GND gap) c) 100 Ω Differential Microstrip Traces on Top Layer (100 Ω with reference to Inner Layer 1, no solder resist) = 0.235 mm Track / 0.127 mm Gap Figure 38: PCB Layer Stack for 4-layer board © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 40 DW1000 Datasheet 8.3.2 RF Traces As with all high frequency designs, particular care should be taken with the routing and matching of the RF sections of the PCB layout. All RF traces should be kept as short as possible and where possible impedance discontinuities should be avoided. Where possible RF traces should cover component land patterns. Poor RF matching of signals to/from the antenna will degrade system performance. A 100 Ω differential impedance should be presented to the RF_P and RF_N pins of DW1000 for optimal performance. This can be realised as either 100 Ω differential RF traces or as 2 single-ended 50 Ω traces depending on the PCB layout. In most cases a single-ended antenna will be used and a wideband balun will be required to convert from 100 Ω differential to 50 Ω single-ended. 12p GND Antenna RF Traces 100R GND T1 RF Trace 50R RF Traces 100R 12p RF trace – 50 Ω single ended referenced to inner layer 1 RF_N RF_P Figure 39 gives an example of a suggested RF section layout. In this example traces to the 12 pF series capacitors from the RF_P and RF_N pins are realised as 100 Ω differential RF traces referenced to inner layer 1. After the 12 pF capacitors the traces are realized as 50 Ω micro-strip traces again referenced to inner layer 1. Using this method, thin traces can be used to connect to DW1000 and then wider traces can be used to connect to the antenna. RF trace - 100 Ω differential referenced to inner layer 1. 2 x 50 Ω single-ended RF trace can also be used. Need to ensure the traces are referenced to correct ground layer Figure 39: DW1000 RF Traces Layout 8.3.3 PLL Loop Filter Layout The components associated with the loop filters of the on-chip PLLs should be placed as close as possible to the chip connection pins to minimize noise pick-up on these lines. 8.3.4 Decoupling Layout All decoupling capacitors should be kept as close to their respective pins of the chip as possible to minimize trace inductance and maximize their effectiveness. 8.3.5 Layout Guidance An application note is available from Decawave together with a set of DXF files to assist customers in reproducing the optimum layout for the DW1000. PCB land-pattern libraries for the DW1000 are available for the most commonly used CAD packages. Contact Decawave for further information. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 41 DW1000 Datasheet 9 PACKAGING & ORDERING INFORMATION 9.1 Package Dimensions Parameter Unit weight Min Typ 0.105 Max Units g Figure 40: Device Package mechanical specifications © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 42 DW1000 Datasheet 9.2 Device Package Marking The diagram below shows the package markings for DW1000. Figure 41: Device Package Markings Legend: W228E-1N LLLLLL ZZ PH YY WW 9.3 7 digit manufacturing code 6 digit lot ID 2 digit lot split number Assembly location 2 digit year number 2 digit week number Tray Information The general orientation of the 48QFN package in the tray is as shown in Figure 42. Figure 42: Tray Orientation The white dot marking in the chip’s top left hand corner aligns with the chamfered edge of the tray. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 43 DW1000 Datasheet 9.4 Tape & Reel Information 9.4.1 Important note The following diagrams and information relate to reel shipments made from 23rd March 2015 onwards. Information relating to reels shipped prior to that date may be obtained from Decawave. 9.4.2 Tape Orientation and Dimensions The general orientation of the 48QFN package in the tape is as shown in Figure 43. User Direction of Feed Figure 43: Tape & Reel orientation K0 B0 T Expanded Section ‘X - X’ Dimensions Ao Bo Ko P T W Values 6.3 ± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 12.00 ± 0.1 0.30 ± 0.05 16.00 + 0.30 – 0.10 Notes All dimensions in mm sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ± 0.20 Material: Conductive Polystyrene Camber not to exceed 1.0 mm in 250 mm Figure 44: Tape dimensions © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 44 DW1000 Datasheet 9.4.3 Reel Information: 330 mm Reel Base material: Surface resistivity: High Impact Polystyrene with Integrated Antistatic Additive Antistatic with surface resistivity less than 1 x 10e12 Ohms per square Tape Width A Diameter B (min) C D (min) 16 330 / 380 1.5 13 + 0.5 0.2 20.2 N Hub 100 / 150 +/-1 mm W1 W2 (max) W3 (min) W4 (max) 16.4 + 2.0 – 0.0 22.4 15.9 19.4 Figure 45: 330 mm reel dimensions All dimensions and tolerances are fully compliant with EIA- 481-C and are specified in millimetres. Thre are 4000 pieces per reel. 9.5 Reflow profile The DW1000 should be soldered using the reflow profile specified in JEDEC J-STD-020 as adapted for the particular PCB onto which the IC is being soldered. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 45 DW1000 Datasheet 9.6 Ordering Information The standard qualification for the DW1000 is industrial temperature range: -40 ºC to +85 ºC, packaged in a 48pin QFN package. Table 29: Device ordering information Ordering Codes: High Volume Ordering code Status Package Type Package Qty Note DW1000-I Active Tray 490 Available DW1000-ITR13 Active Tape & Reel 4000 Available Status Package Type Package Qty Note DW1000-I Active Tray 10-490 Available DW1000-ITR13 Active Tape & Reel 100 – 4000 Available Samples Ordering Code All IC’s are packaged in a 48-pin QFN package which is Pb free, RoHS, Green, NiPd lead finish, MSL level 3 IC Operation Temperature -40 ºC to +85 ºC. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 46 DW1000 Datasheet 10 GLOSSARY Table 30: Glossary of Terms Abbreviation Full Title Explanation The amount of power that a theoretical isotropic antenna (which evenly distributes power in all directions) would emit to produce the peak power density observed in the direction of maximum gain of the antenna being used. EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute Regulatory body in the EU charged with the management of the radio spectrum and the setting of regulations for devices that use it FCC Federal Communications Commission Regulatory body in the USA charged with the management of the radio spectrum and the setting of regulations for devices that use it. FFD Full Function Device Defined in the context of the IEEE802.15.4-2011 standard. GPIO General Purpose Input / Output Pin of an IC that can be configured as an input or output under software control and has no specifically identified function. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Is the world’s largest technical professional society. It is designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of the electrical, electronic and computing fields and related areas of science and technology. LIFS Long Inter-Frame Spacing LNA Low Noise Amplifier Circuit normally found at the front-end of a radio receiver designed to amplify very low level signals while keeping any added noise to as low a level as possible LOS Line of Sight Physical radio channel configuration in which there is a direct line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver. Open Drain Open Drain A technique allowing a signal to be driven by more than one device. Generally, each device is permitted to pull the signal to ground but when not doing so it must allow the signal to float. Devices should not drive the signal high so as to prevent contention with devices attempting to pull it low. NLOS Non Line of Sight Physical radio channel configuration in which there is no direct line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver. PGA Programmable Gain Amplifier Amplifier whose gain can be set / changed via a control mechanism usually by changing register values. PLL Phase Locked Loop Circuit designed to generate a signal at a particular frequency whose phase is related to an incoming “reference” signal. PPM Parts Per Million Used to quantify very small relative proportions. Just as 1% is one out of a hundred, 1 ppm is one part in a million. RF Radio Frequency Generally used to refer to signals in the range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz. In the context of a radio receiver, the term is generally used to refer to circuits in a receiver before down-conversion takes place and in a transmitter after upconversion takes place. RFD Reduced Function Device Defined in the context of the IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] standard. RTLS Real Time Location System System intended to provide information on the location of various items in realtime. SFD Start of Frame Delimiter Defined in the context of the IEEE802.15.4-2011 standard. SIFS Short Inter-Frame Spacing Defined in the context of the IEEE802.15.4-2011 standard. SPI Serial Peripheral Interface An industry standard method for interfacing between IC’s using a synchronous serial scheme first introduced by Motorola. TCXO Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator A crystal oscillator whose output frequency is very accurately maintained at its specified value over its specified temperature range of operation. TWR Two Way Ranging Method of measuring the physical distance between two radio units by exchanging messages between the units and noting the times of transmission and reception. Refer to Decawave’s website for further information. TDOA Time Difference of Arrival Method of deriving information on the location of a transmitter. The time of arrival of a transmission at two physically different locations whose clocks are synchronized is noted and the difference in the arrival times provides information on the location of the transmitter. A number of such TDOA measurements at different locations can be used to uniquely determine the position of the transmitter. Refer to Decawave’s website for further information. UWB Ultra Wideband A radio scheme employing channel bandwidths of, or in excess of, 500 MHz. WSN Wireless Sensor Network A network of wireless nodes intended to enable the monitoring and control of the physical environment. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Defined in the context of the IEEE802.15.4-2011standard. Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 47 DW1000 Datasheet 11 REFERENCES [1] IEEE802.15.4-2011 or “IEEE Std 802.15.4™‐2011” (Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006). IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks – Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LRWPANs). IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee. Available from http://standards.ieee.org/ [2] Decawave DW1000 User Manual [3] www.etsi.org [4] www.fcc.gov [5] EIA-481-C Standard [6] APH010 DW1000 inter channel interference 12 DOCUMENT HISTORY Table 31: Document History Revision Date 2.00 7th November 2012 Description 2.01 31st March, 2014 Scheduled update 2.02 8th July 2014 Scheduled update 2.03 30th September 2014 Scheduled update Initial release for production device. 2.04 st 31 December 2014 Scheduled update 2.05 31st March 2015 Scheduled update 2.06 30th June 2015 Scheduled update 2.07 30 September 2015 Scheduled update 2.08 31st December 2015 Scheduled update 2.09 31st March 2016 Scheduled update 2.10 30th June 2016 Scheduled update 2.11 30 September 2016 Scheduled update 2.12 30th December 2016 Scheduled update 2.13 30 April 2017 Scheduled update 2.14 1st august 2017 Scheduled update 2.15 18th December 2017 Scheduled update 2.16 30th April 2018 Scheduled update 2.17 30th August 2018 Scheduled update th th th 2.18 th 28 January 2019 Scheduled update 2.19 7th June 2019 Scheduled update 2.20 15th Dec 2019 Scheduled update 2.21 1st April 2020 Scheduled update 2.22 29th May 2020 Scheduled update © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 48 DW1000 Datasheet 13 MAJOR CHANGES Revision 2.03 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.03 All Various typographical changes 15 Modification to figure 11 caption 21 Addition of text relating to use of RSTn as indicator to external µcontroller 35 Change to application schematic to modify value of TCXO coupling capacitor 36 Correction of Rakon TCXO part number 44 Addition of v2.03 to revision history table Addition of this table and section heading Modification of heading format on this page only Revision 2.04 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.04 All Various typographical changes 2 Update of table of contents 23 Modification of SPI timing diagrams figure 25 & 26 to correct timing definitions 33 Addition of section 7.3 re power down 37 Change of page orientation to landscape to expand figure 39 for legibility 43 Corrections to v2.03 change table Addition of v2.04 to revision history table Addition of this table 43 Removal of page breaks in heading numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14 Revision 2.05 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.05 2 Update to table of contents 4 Modification of copyright notice to 2015 11 Modifications to Table 6 re Rx sensitivity conditions and Table 7 re recommended TCXO coupling capacitor value 20 Update to Figure 20 and Table 15 to further clarify power up timings 21 addition of Figure 21 to further clarify power up timings 23 Addition to heading of Table 16 34 Addition of clarification re power supplies that should be removed to power down the chip 38 Addition of device weight to Figure 40 44 Addition of v2.05 to revision history table 45 Addition of this table Revision 2.06 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.06 All Various typographical / formatting changes 1 Addition of pin pitch / Update to SLEEP current & DEEPSLEEP current 2 Update to table of contents 10 Addition to table 3 to indicate max digital input voltage 37 Modification to figure 39 to clarify referenced layers for impedance matching purposes © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 49 DW1000 Datasheet 40 – 41 Changes to tape and reel drawings NOTE CHANGE IN QFN ORIENTATION vs. FEED DIRECTION 44 Addition of v2.06 to revision history table 45 Addition of this table Revision 2.07 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.07 All Various typographical / formatting changes 35 – 36 Addition of Abracon parts to “Recommended Components” table 44 Addition of v2.07 to revision history table 45 Addition of this table Revision 2.08 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.08 All Various typographical / formatting changes 10 Update to typ current values for INIT & IDLE states 35 Figure 37: Addition of decoupling caps on VDDLDOA and VDDLDOD 37 Clarification of reference layers in Figure 38 44 Addition of v2.08 to revision history table 45 Addition of this table Revision 2.09 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.09 All Various typographical / formatting changes 20 Modifications to description of power up sequence in section 5.6 to clarify use and control of RSTn including addition of new section 5.6.3 and new Table 16 36 Modification to Figure 38 to correct impedance reference layer from 2 to 1 37 Modification to Figure 37 to include external LDO for TCXO 44 Addition of 2.09 to Table 31 46 Addition of this Table Revision 2.10 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.10 All Various typographical / formatting changes 7 Correction of pinout functionality for GPIO5 & 6 in Figure 2 8 Correction of pinout functionality for GPIO5 & 6 in Table 1 8 Addition of explanatory text to GPIO and WAKEUP pins in Table 1 39 Modifications to Figure 41 to reflect actual device markings 39 Modification to Figure 42 to reflect actual device markings 42 Addition of section 9.5 dealing with reflow soldering profile 42 Change of numbering of previous section 9.5 to 9.6 44 Addition of 2.10 to Table 31 46 Addition of this Table © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 50 DW1000 Datasheet Revision 2.11 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.11 36 Modification to Figure 37 to remove 4.7 uF capacitor on VDDLDOA 37 Addition of DCDC converter part to recommended components table 46 Addition of 2.11 to Table 31 48 Addition of this Table Revision 2.12 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.12 28 Extended description of the SLEEP state and methods of exiting it. 35 Abracon added as current antenna manufacturer Revision 2.13 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.13 6 Updated XTAL2 pin description in Table 1 18 Update Table 18, PHR is 21 Symbols, was shown as 21bits 24 Updated SPI timings, split spec for 125MHz and 19.2MHz system clock 20 Table 25 Operational Modes updated 36 Text added to Figure 37 describing treatment of XTAL2 pin if TCXO used 47 Addition of this table Revision 2.14 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.14 30,31 Updates to column 1 of Table 26 and 27, to match A,B,C of Table 25 31 Updates to current issues in table 27 to match that achievable with released API. 36 Fig 37 updated to correctly name VDDPA1 and VDDPA2 48 Addition of this table Revision 2.15 Page Change Description All Update of version number to 2.15 24 Explain SPI transactions 37 Update recommended components 32 Update table 28 48 Addition of this table Revision 2.16 Page ALL Change Description Logo Change © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 51 DW1000 Datasheet Revision 2.17 Page 18 37 Change Description Update section to warn about possible channel interference Removed Abracon antenna ACA-107 as it is no longer available Revision 2.18 Page Change Description 23 & 24 Restriction on SPI MISO pin usage in sleep mode 24 & 25 SPI timing values t_8 and t_9 swapped to match timing diagram in table 18 (A) and (B) Revision 2.19 Page Change Description 8 Removed reference to LEDs in Digital Decoupling 27 Removed Parton TCXO (EOL), added ST Balun and added TOREX and TI DC/DC 33 Typical power in Fig 32, 33 & 34 updated Revision 2.20 Page Change Description 6 Update to EXTON pin description, when not used it can be left floating 38 Explanation included when there is no need to use pull-down resistor for IRQ (pin 45) 26 Update of timing parameters t3 and t4 38 Updated list of recommended components ALL Removed repetition of IEEE802.15.4-2011 [1] Revision 2.21 Page 11 Change Description Description of in-band and out-band added Revision 2.22 Page Change Description 39 Update TXC address 46 Removal of 180mm reel information as no longer supported per PCN 1741 All Logo update for Qorvo © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 52 DW1000 Datasheet 14 FURTHER INFORMATION Decawave develops semiconductors solutions, software, modules, reference designs - that enable real-time, ultra-accurate, ultra-reliable local area micro-location services. Decawave’s technology enables an entirely new class of easy to implement, highly secure, intelligent location functionality and services for IoT and smart consumer products and applications. For further information on this or any other Decawave product, please refer to our website www.decawave.com. © Decawave Ltd 2017 Subject to change without notice Version 2.22 Page 53