XBP24-AUI-001

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 Radio Frequency (RF) Module User Guide Revision history—90001500 Revision Date Description K May 2019 Added FCC publication 996369 related information. L July 2019 Added the NP command. Added RS-485 support. M July 2021 Added safety instructions and UKCA labeling requirements. N September 2021 Updated Mexican certifications. P March 2022 Added translated safety instructions. Trademarks and copyright Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. © 2022 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved. Disclaimers Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time. Warranty To view product warranty information, go to the following website: www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms Customer support Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following information:    Product name and model    Product serial number (s)    Firmware version    Operating system/browser (if applicable)    Logs (from time of reported issue)    Trace (if possible)    Description of issue    Steps to reproduce XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 2 Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages. Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support. Feedback To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to techcomm@digi.com Include the document title and part number (XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide, 90001500 P) in the subject line of your email. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 3 Contents XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Applicable firmware and hardware 12 Safety instructions Safety instructions XBee modules Инструкции за безопасност XBee модули Sigurnosne upute XBee moduli Bezpečnostní instrukce moduly XBee Sikkerhedsinstruktioner XBee moduler Veiligheidsinstructies XBee-modules Ohutusjuhised XBee moodulid Turvallisuusohjeet XBee moduulit Consignes de sécurité Modules XBee Sicherheitshinweise XBee-Module Οδηγίες ασφ αλείας Biztonsági utasítások XBee modulok Istruzioni di sicurezza Drošības instrukcijas Saugos instrukcijos XBee moduliai Sikkerhetsinstruksjoner XBee-moduler Instrukcje bezpieczeństwa Moduły XBee Instruções de segurança Módulos XBee Instructiuni de siguranta module XBee XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 4 Bezpečnostné inštrukcie moduly XBee Varnostna navodila XBee moduli Módulos XBee Säkerhets instruktioner XBee-moduler 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 Technical specifications Performance specifications Power requirements General specifications Regulatory conformity summary Serial communication specifications UART pin assignments SPI pin assignments GPIO specifications 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 Hardware Antenna options Mechanical drawings Mounting considerations Pin signals Notes Design notes Power supply design Board layout Antenna performance Keepout area RF pad version 33 33 34 35 38 38 38 38 39 39 41 Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module Software libraries Configure the device using XCTU Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update XBee Network Assistant XBee Multi Programmer 45 45 45 45 46 Modes Serial modes Transparent operating mode API operating mode Command mode Transceiver modes Idle mode Transmit mode Receive mode XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 48 48 48 49 51 51 51 51 5 Operation Addressing Send packets to a specific device Addressing modes Encryption Maximum payload Maximum payload rules Maximum payload summary tables Work with Legacy devices Networking MAC Mode configuration XBee retries configuration Transmit status based on MAC mode and XBee retries configurations Peer-to-peer networks Master/slave networks Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) CCA operations Serial interface Select a serial port UART data flow Flow control SPI operation SPI signals SPI parameters SPI and API mode Full duplex operation Slave mode characteristics I/O support Digital I/O line support Analog input On demand I/O sampling Periodic I/O sampling Change Detect I/O sampling Wakeup I/O sampling Sample rate (interval) I/O line passing Output control Sleep support Sleep modes Sleep parameters Sleep current Sleep pins Direct and indirect transmission Node discovery Node discovery Node discovery in compatibility mode Directed node discovery Directed node discovery in compatibility mode Destination Node Remote configuration commands Send a remote command Apply changes on remote devices Remote command responses XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 53 53 53 53 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 63 63 64 64 65 65 67 67 68 68 68 68 69 70 70 70 72 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 6 AT commands Special commands WR (Write) RE (Restore Defaults) FR (Software Reset) Networking and security commands C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility) CH (Operating Channel) ID (Network ID) DH (Destination Address High) DL (Destination Address Low) MY (Source Address) SH (Serial Number High) SL (Serial Number Low) MM (MAC Mode) RR (XBee Retries) RN (Random Delay Slots) ND (Network Discovery) NT (Node Discover Timeout) NO (Node Discovery Options) DN (Discover Node) CE (Coordinator Enable) SC (Scan Channels) SD (Scan Duration) A1 (End Device Association) A2 (Coordinator Association) AI (Association Indication) DA (Force Disassociation) FP (Force Poll) AS (Active Scan) ED (Energy Detect) EE (Encryption Enable) KY (AES Encryption Key) NI (Node Identifier) NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) RF interfacing commands PL (TX Power Level) PM (Power Mode) CA (CCA Threshold) Sleep commands SM (Sleep Mode) ST (Time before Sleep) SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period) SO (Sleep Options) Serial interfacing commands BD (Interface Data Rate) NB (Parity) RO (Packetization Timeout) D7 (DIO7/CTS) D6 (DIO6/RTS) AP (API Enable) I/O settings commands D0 (DIO0/AD0) XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 82 82 82 82 82 83 84 84 85 85 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 89 89 89 90 90 91 92 93 93 94 94 95 96 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 100 100 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 105 7 D1 (DIO1/AD1) D2 (DIO2/AD2) D3 (DIO3/AD3) D4 (DIO4) D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST) P0 (RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) P1 (PWM1 Configuration) P2 (SPI_MISO) M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) P5 (SPI_MISO) P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) P7 (SPI_SSEL ) P8 (SPI_SCLK) P9 (SPI_ATTN) PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) IU (I/O Output Enable) IT (Samples before TX) IS (Force Sample) IO (Digital Output Level) IC (DIO Change Detect) IR (Sample Rate) RP (RSSI PWM Timer) I/O line passing commands IA (I/O Input Address) T0 (D0 Timeout) T1 (D1 Output Timeout) T2 (D2 Output Timeout) T3 (D3 Output Timeout) T4 (D4 Output Timeout) T5 (D5 Output Timeout) T6 (D6 Output Timeout) T7 (D7 Output Timeout) PT (PWM Output Timeout) Diagnostic commands VR (Firmware Version) VL (Version Long) HV (Hardware Version) DB (Last Packet RSSI) EC (CCA Failures) EA (ACK Failures) DD (Device Type Identifier) Command mode options CT (Command mode Timeout) CN (Exit Command mode) AC (Apply Changes) GT (Guard Times) CC (Command Character) 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 111 112 112 112 113 114 114 114 114 115 115 115 116 116 116 117 117 117 118 118 118 118 119 119 119 119 119 120 120 120 120 121 121 121 121 122 122 122 Operate in API mode API mode overview API frame specifications XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 124 124 8 API operation (AP parameter = 1) API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2) Start delimiter Length Frame data Checksum Calculate and verify checksums Escaped characters in API frames Frame descriptions 64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00 16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01 Local AT Command Request - 0x08 Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09 Remote AT Command Request - 0x17 64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80 16-bit Receive Packet - 0x81 64-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x82 16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83 Local AT Command Response - 0x88 Transmit Status - 0x89 Modem Status - 0x8A Modem status codes Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 124 124 125 125 125 126 126 127 128 129 131 133 135 137 140 142 144 146 148 150 153 154 155 Regulatory information United States (FCC) OEM labeling requirements FCC notices FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) RF exposure FCC publication 996369 related information Europe (CE) Maximum power and frequency specifications CE and UKCA OEM labeling requirements Listen Before Talk requirement Declarations of conformity Antennas ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) Labeling requirements For XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module For XBee S2C surface-mount For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount For XBee S2C through-hole For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole Transmitters for detachable antennas Detachable antenna Firmware Version Identification number (FVIN) Australia (RCM) South Korea IFETEL (Mexico) OEM labeling requirements XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 159 159 159 161 173 173 174 174 174 176 176 176 176 176 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 178 178 178 182 183 9 Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices Background Load 802.15.4 firmware 186 186 Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices Pin mapping Mount the devices 189 190 PCB design and manufacturing Recommended solder reflow cycle Recommended footprint and keepout Flux and cleaning Rework XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 193 193 195 195 10 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are embedded solutions providing wireless end-point connectivity to devices. These devices use the IEEE 802.15.4 networking protocol for fast point-tomultipoint or peer-to-peer networking. They are designed for high-throughput applications requiring low latency and predictable communication timing. There are two footprints for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module hardware: through-hole (TH) and surface-mount (SMT). TH devices include a 20-pin header and require the placement of two 1x10 sockets on the carrier board for mounting the device. SMT devices include 37 pads. They are placed directly on the carrier board, which means they do not require holes or sockets for mounting. The TH version may be useful for prototyping and production, but we recommend SMT for highvolume applications, as the component can be placed automatically by a pick-and-place machine and you save the cost of a socket on each board. The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports the needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band. The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module uses S2C hardware and the Silicon Labs EM357 chipset. As the name suggests, the 802.15.4 module is over-the-air compatible with our Legacy 802.15.4 module (S1 hardware), and the TH versions of the new product are also form factor compatible with designs that use the Legacy module. Note OTA capability is only available when MM (Mac Mode) = 0 or 3 Applicable firmware and hardware XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 12 11 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Applicable firmware and hardware Applicable firmware and hardware This manual supports the following firmware: n 802.15.4 version 20xx It supports the following hardware: n XB24C TH n XB24C SMT n XBP24C TH n XBP24C SMT XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 12 Safety instructions Safety instructions Инструкции за безопасност Sigurnosne upute Bezpečnostní instrukce Sikkerhedsinstruktioner Veiligheidsinstructies Ohutusjuhised Turvallisuusohjeet Consignes de sécurité Sicherheitshinweise Οδηγίες ασφ αλείας Biztonsági utasítások Istruzioni di sicurezza Drošības instrukcijas Saugos instrukcijos Sikkerhetsinstruksjoner Instrukcje bezpieczeństwa Instruções de segurança Instructiuni de siguranta Bezpečnostné inštrukcie Varnostna navodila Módulos XBee Säkerhets instruktioner XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 13 Safety instructions Safety instructions Safety instructions XBee modules n The XBee radio module cannot be guaranteed operation due to the radio link and so should not be used for interlocks in safety critical devices such as machines or automotive applications. n The XBee radio module have not been approved for use in (this list is not exhaustive): l medical devices l nuclear applications l explosive or flammable atmospheres n There are no user serviceable components inside the XBee radio module. Do not remove the shield or modify the XBee in any way. Modifications may exclude the module from any warranty and can cause the XBee radio to operate outside of regulatory compliance for a given country, leading to the possible illegal operation of the radio. n Use industry standard ESD protection when handling the XBee module. n Take care while handling to avoid electrical damage to the PCB and components. n Do not expose XBee radio modules to water or moisture. n Use this product with the antennas specified in the XBee module user guides. n The end user must be told how to remove power from the XBee radio module or to locate the antennas 20 cm from humans or animals. Инструкции за безопасност XBee модули n Радио модулът XBee не може да бъде гарантиран за работа поради радиовръзката и затова не трябва да се използва за блокировки в критични за безопасността устройства като машини или автомобилни приложения. n Радио модулът XBee не е одобрен за използване в (този списък не е изчерпателен): l медицински изделия l ядрени приложения l експлозивна или запалима атмосфера n В радиомодула XBee няма компоненти, които могат да се обслужват от потребителя. Не премахвайте щита и не модифицирайте XBee по никакъв начин. Модификациите могат да изключат модула от всякаква гаранция и да накарат радиото XBee да работи извън регулаторното съответствие за дадена държава, което води до възможна незаконна работа на радиото. n Използвайте стандартна ESD защита при работа с XBee модула. n Внимавайте, докато боравите, за да избегнете електрически повреди на печатната платка и компонентите. n Не излагайте радиомодулите XBee на вода или влага. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 14 Safety instructions Sigurnosne upute n Използвайте този продукт с антените, посочени в ръководствата за потребителя на модула XBee. n Крайният потребител трябва да бъде казано как да премахне захранването от радиомодула XBee или да разположи антените на 20 см от хора или животни. Sigurnosne upute XBee moduli n Radio modulu XBee ne može se jamčiti rad zbog radio veze i stoga se ne smije koristiti za blokade u sigurnosnim kritičnim uređajima kao što su strojevi ili automobilske aplikacije. n XBee radio modul nije odobren za upotrebu u (ovaj popis nije konačan): l medicinskih uređaja l nuklearne primjene l eksplozivne ili zapaljive atmosfere n Unutar XBee radio modula nema komponenti koje može servisirati korisnik. Nemojte uklanjati štit i ni na koji način modificirati XBee. Izmjene mogu isključiti modul iz bilo kakvog jamstva i mogu uzrokovati rad XBee radija izvan usklađenosti s propisima za određenu zemlju, što može dovesti do mogućeg nezakonitog rada radija. n Koristite standardnu ESD zaštitu pri rukovanju XBee modulom. n Budite oprezni tijekom rukovanja kako biste izbjegli električna oštećenja PCB-a i komponenti. n Ne izlažite XBee radio module vodi ili vlazi. n Koristite ovaj proizvod s antenama navedenim u korisničkim vodičima za XBee modul. n Krajnjem korisniku se mora reći kako da isključi napajanje iz XBee radio modula ili da locira antene 20 cm od ljudi ili životinja. Bezpečnostní instrukce moduly XBee n Rádiový modul XBee nemůže zaručit provoz kvůli rádiovému spojení, a proto by neměl být používán pro blokování v zařízeních kritických z hlediska bezpečnosti, jako jsou stroje nebo automobilové aplikace. n Rádiový modul XBee nebyl schválen pro použití v (tento seznam není vyčerpávající): l zdravotnické prostředky l jaderné aplikace l výbušné nebo hořlavé atmosféry n Uvnitř rádiového modulu XBee nejsou žádné uživatelsky opravitelné součásti. Neodstraňujte štít ani nijak neupravujte XBee. Úpravy mohou vyjmout modul z jakékoli záruky a mohou způsobit, že rádio XBee bude fungovat mimo zákonnou shodu pro danou zemi, což povede k možnému nezákonnému provozu rádia. n Při manipulaci s modulem XBee používejte standardní ochranu ESD. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 15 Safety instructions Sikkerhedsinstruktioner n Při manipulaci buďte opatrní, aby nedošlo k elektrickému poškození desky plošných spojů a součástí. n Nevystavujte rádiové moduly XBee vodě nebo vlhkosti. n Používejte tento produkt s anténami uvedenými v uživatelských příručkách modulu XBee. n Koncový uživatel musí být informován, jak odpojit napájení rádiového modulu XBee nebo jak umístit antény 20 cm od lidí nebo zvířat. Sikkerhedsinstruktioner XBee moduler n XBee-radiomodulet kan ikke garanteres drift på grund af radioforbindelsen og bør derfor ikke bruges til aflåsninger i sikkerhedskritiske enheder såsom maskiner eller bilapplikationer. n XBee-radiomodulet er ikke godkendt til brug i (denne liste er ikke udtømmende): l medicinsk udstyr l nukleare applikationer l eksplosive eller brandfarlige atmosfærer n Der er ingen komponenter, der kan repareres af brugeren, inde i XBee-radiomodulet. Fjern ikke skjoldet eller modificer XBee på nogen måde. Ændringer kan udelukke modulet fra enhver garanti og kan få XBee-radioen til at fungere uden for lovgivningsoverholdelse for et givet land, hvilket kan føre til den mulige ulovlige drift af radioen. n Brug industristandard ESD-beskyttelse, når du håndterer XBee-modulet. n Vær forsigtig under håndteringen for at undgå elektrisk beskadigelse af printet og komponenterne. n Udsæt ikke XBee-radiomoduler for vand eller fugt. n Brug dette produkt med de antenner, der er specificeret i XBee-modulets brugervejledninger. n Slutbrugeren skal fortælles, hvordan man fjerner strømmen fra XBee-radiomodulet eller placerer antennerne 20 cm fra mennesker eller dyr. Veiligheidsinstructies XBee-modules n De werking van de XBee-radiomodule kan niet worden gegarandeerd vanwege de radioverbinding en mag daarom niet worden gebruikt voor vergrendelingen in veiligheidskritieke apparaten zoals machines of autotoepassingen. n De XBee-radiomodule is niet goedgekeurd voor gebruik in (deze lijst is niet uitputtend): l o medische apparaten l o nucleaire toepassingen l o explosieve of ontvlambare atmosferen XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 16 Safety instructions Ohutusjuhised n Er zijn geen door de gebruiker te onderhouden componenten in de XBee-radiomodule. Verwijder het schild niet en wijzig de XBee op geen enkele manier. Modificaties kunnen de module uitsluiten van enige garantie en kunnen ertoe leiden dat de XBee-radio werkt buiten de regelgeving voor een bepaald land, wat kan leiden tot de mogelijke illegale werking van de radio. n Gebruik industriestandaard ESD-bescherming bij het hanteren van de XBee-module. n Wees voorzichtig bij het hanteren om elektrische schade aan de printplaat en componenten te voorkomen. n Stel XBee-radiomodules niet bloot aan water of vocht. n Gebruik dit product met de antennes die zijn gespecificeerd in de gebruikershandleidingen van de XBee-module. n De eindgebruiker moet worden verteld hoe de voeding van de XBee-radiomodule moet worden losgekoppeld of hoe de antennes op 20 cm van mensen of dieren moeten worden geplaatst. Ohutusjuhised XBee moodulid n XBee raadiomooduli tööd ei saa raadiolingi tõttu garanteerida ja seetõttu ei tohiks seda kasutada ohutuse seisukohalt oluliste seadmete (nt masinad või autorakendused) blokeerimiseks. n XBee raadiomoodulit ei ole heaks kiidetud kasutamiseks (see loetelu ei ole ammendav): l meditsiiniseadmed l tuumarakendused l plahvatusohtlik või tuleohtlik keskkond n XBee raadiomoodulis ei ole kasutaja poolt hooldatavaid komponente. Ärge eemaldage kaitset ega muutke XBee mingil viisil. Muudatused võivad mooduli garantiist välja jätta ja XBee raadio töötab väljaspool antud riigi regulatiivseid vastavusi, põhjustades raadio võimaliku ebaseadusliku kasutamise. n Kasutage XBee mooduli käsitsemisel tööstusharu standardset ESD-kaitset. n Olge käsitsemisel ettevaatlik, et vältida PCB ja komponentide elektrikahjustusi. n Ärge jätke XBee raadiomooduleid vee või niiskuse kätte. n Kasutage seda toodet XBee mooduli kasutusjuhendis kirjeldatud antennidega. n Lõppkasutajale tuleb öelda, kuidas XBee raadiomoodulilt toide eemaldada või antennid inimestest või loomadest 20 cm kaugusele paigutada. Turvallisuusohjeet XBee moduulit n XBee-radiomoduulin toimintaa ei voida taata radiolinkin vuoksi, joten sitä ei tule käyttää turvallisuuden kannalta kriittisten laitteiden, kuten koneiden tai autosovellusten, XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 17 Safety instructions Consignes de sécurité lukitsemiseen. n XBee-radiomoduulia ei ole hyväksytty käytettäväksi (tämä luettelo ei ole tyhjentävä): l lääketieteelliset laitteet l ydinvoimasovellukset l räjähdysvaarallisiin tai syttyviin tiloihin n XBee-radiomoduulin sisällä ei ole käyttäjän huollettavia osia. Älä poista suojusta tai muokkaa XBeetä millään tavalla. Muutokset voivat sulkea moduulin takuun ulkopuolelle ja aiheuttaa sen, että XBee-radio toimii tietyn maan säädöstenmukaisuuden ulkopuolella, mikä johtaa radion mahdolliseen laittomaan käyttöön. n Käytä alan standardia ESD-suojausta käsitellessäsi XBee-moduulia. n Ole varovainen käsitellessäsi, jotta vältät piirilevyn ja komponenttien sähkövauriot. n Älä altista XBee-radiomoduuleja vedelle tai kosteudelle. n Käytä tätä tuotetta XBee-moduulin käyttöoppaissa määriteltyjen antennien kanssa. n Loppukäyttäjälle on kerrottava, kuinka XBee-radiomoduulin virta katkaistaan tai antennit sijoitetaan 20 cm:n etäisyydelle ihmisistä tai eläimistä. Consignes de sécurité Modules XBee n Le fonctionnement du module radio XBee ne peut pas être garanti en raison de la liaison radio et ne doit donc pas être utilisé pour les verrouillages dans des dispositifs critiques pour la sécurité tels que des machines ou des applications automobiles. n Le module radio XBee n'a pas été approuvé pour une utilisation dans (cette liste n'est pas exhaustive) : l dispositifs médicaux l applications nucléaires l atmosphères explosives ou inflammables n Il n'y a aucun composant réparable par l'utilisateur à l'intérieur du module radio XBee. Ne retirez pas la protection et ne modifiez en aucune façon le XBee. Les modifications peuvent exclure le module de toute garantie et peuvent entraîner le fonctionnement de la radio XBee en dehors de la conformité réglementaire pour un pays donné, ce qui peut entraîner un fonctionnement illégal de la radio. n Utilisez la protection ESD standard de l'industrie lors de la manipulation du module XBee. n Soyez prudent lors de la manipulation afin d'éviter des dommages électriques au circuit imprimé et aux composants. n N'exposez pas les modules radio XBee à l'eau ou à l'humidité. n Utilisez ce produit avec les antennes spécifiées dans les guides d'utilisation du module XBee. n L'utilisateur final doit savoir comment couper l'alimentation du module radio XBee ou placer les antennes à 20 cm des humains ou des animaux. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 18 Safety instructions Sicherheitshinweise Sicherheitshinweise XBee-Module n Der Betrieb des XBee-Funkmoduls kann aufgrund der Funkverbindung nicht garantiert werden und sollte daher nicht für Verriegelungen in sicherheitskritischen Geräten wie Maschinen oder Automobilanwendungen verwendet werden. n Das XBee-Funkmodul ist nicht zugelassen für den Einsatz in (diese Liste ist nicht vollständig): l Medizinprodukte l nukleare Anwendungen l explosive oder brennbare Atmosphären n Das XBee-Funkmodul enthält keine vom Benutzer zu wartenden Komponenten. Entfernen Sie nicht die Abschirmung oder modifizieren Sie das XBee in irgendeiner Weise. Modifikationen können das Modul von jeglicher Garantie ausschließen und dazu führen, dass das XBeeFunkgerät außerhalb der gesetzlichen Vorschriften für ein bestimmtes Land betrieben wird, was zu einem möglichen illegalen Betrieb des Funkgeräts führen kann. n Verwenden Sie beim Umgang mit dem XBee-Modul ESD-Schutz nach Industriestandard. n Seien Sie vorsichtig bei der Handhabung, um elektrische Schäden an der Leiterplatte und den Komponenten zu vermeiden. n XBee-Funkmodule nicht Wasser oder Feuchtigkeit aussetzen. n Verwenden Sie dieses Produkt mit den in den Benutzerhandbüchern des XBee-Moduls angegebenen Antennen. n Dem Endbenutzer muss mitgeteilt werden, wie er das XBee-Funkmodul von der Stromversorgung trennt oder die Antennen 20 cm von Menschen oder Tieren entfernt aufstellt. Οδηγίες ασφ αλείας Μονάδες XBee n Η μονάδα ραδιοφ ώνου XBee δεν μπορεί να εγγυηθεί τη λειτουργία της λόγω της ραδιοζεύξης και επομένως δεν πρέπει να χρησιμοποιείται για ασφ άλειες σε κρίσιμες για την ασφ άλεια συσκευές, όπως μηχανήματα ή εφ αρμογές αυτοκινήτου. n Η μονάδα ραδιοφ ώνου XBee δεν έχει εγκριθεί για χρήση σε (αυτή η λίστα δεν είναι εξαντλητική): l ιατροτεχνολογικά προϊόντα l πυρηνικές εφ αρμογές l εκρηκτικές ή εύφ λεκτες ατμόσφ αιρες n Δεν υπάρχουν εξαρτήματα που να μπορούν να επισκευαστούν από το χρήστη μέσα στη μονάδα ραδιοφ ώνου XBee. Μην αφ αιρείτε την ασπίδα και μην τροποποιείτε το XBee με κανέναν τρόπο. Οι τροποποιήσεις ενδέχεται να αποκλείουν τη μονάδα από οποιαδήποτε εγγύηση και μπορεί να προκαλέσουν τη λειτουργία του ραδιοφ ώνου XBee εκτός της συμμόρφ ωσης με τους κανονισμούς για μια δεδομένη χώρα, οδηγώντας σε πιθανή παράνομη λειτουργία του ραδιοφ ώνου. n Χρησιμοποιήστε βιομηχανική προστασία ESD κατά το χειρισμό της μονάδας XBee. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 19 Safety instructions Biztonsági utasítások n Προσέχετε κατά το χειρισμό για να αποφ ύγετε ηλεκτρική βλάβη στο PCB και στα εξαρτήματα. n Μην εκθέτετε τις μονάδες ραδιοφ ώνου XBee σε νερό ή υγρασία. n Χρησιμοποιήστε αυτό το προϊόν με τις κεραίες που καθορίζονται στους οδηγούς χρήσης της μονάδας XBee. n Πρέπει να ενημερωθεί ο τελικός χρήστης πώς να αφ αιρέσει την τροφ οδοσία από τη μονάδα ραδιοφ ώνου XBee ή να εντοπίσει τις κεραίες σε απόσταση 20 cm από ανθρώπους ή ζώα. Biztonsági utasítások XBee modulok • Az XBee rádiómodul működése nem garantálható a rádiókapcsolat miatt, ezért nem használható biztonsági szempontból kritikus eszközök, például gépek vagy autóipari alkalmazások reteszelésére. • Az XBee rádiómodul nem engedélyezett a következő területeken való használatra (ez a lista nem teljes): o orvosi eszközök o nukleáris alkalmazások o robbanásveszélyes vagy gyúlékony légkör • Az XBee rádiómodulban nincsenek felhasználó által javítható alkatrészek. Ne távolítsa el a pajzsot, és semmilyen módon ne módosítsa az XBee-t. A módosítások kizárhatják a modult a jótállásból, és az XBee rádió működését az adott ország jogszabályi előírásaitól eltérően okozhatják, ami a rádió esetleges illegális működéséhez vezethet. • Az XBee modul kezelésekor használjon ipari szabványos ESD védelmet. • A kezelés során ügyeljen arra, hogy elkerülje a PCB és az alkatrészek elektromos károsodását. • Ne tegye ki az XBee rádiómodulokat víznek vagy nedvességnek. • Használja ezt a terméket az XBee modul használati útmutatójában meghatározott antennákkal. • A végfelhasználót tájékoztatni kell arról, hogyan távolítsa el az XBee rádiómodul áramellátását, vagy hogyan helyezze el az antennákat az emberektől vagy állatoktól 20 cm-re. Istruzioni di sicurezza Moduli XBee n Il funzionamento del modulo radio XBee non può essere garantito a causa del collegamento radio e quindi non deve essere utilizzato per gli interblocchi in dispositivi critici per la sicurezza come macchine o applicazioni automobilistiche. n Il modulo radio XBee non è stato approvato per l'uso in (questo elenco non è esaustivo): n l dispositivi medici l applicazioni nucleari l atmosfere esplosive o infiammabili Non ci sono componenti riparabili dall'utente all'interno del modulo radio XBee. Non rimuovere lo scudo o modificare in alcun modo l'XBee. Le modifiche possono escludere il modulo da qualsiasi garanzia e possono causare il funzionamento della radio XBee al di fuori della conformità normativa per un determinato paese, portando al possibile funzionamento XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 20 Safety instructions Drošības instrukcijas illegale della radio. n Utilizzare la protezione ESD standard del settore durante la manipolazione del modulo XBee. n Prestare attenzione durante la manipolazione per evitare danni elettrici al PCB e ai componenti. n Non esporre i moduli radio XBee all'acqua o all'umidità. n Utilizzare questo prodotto con le antenne specificate nelle guide per l'utente del modulo XBee. n L'utente finale deve sapere come togliere l'alimentazione al modulo radio XBee o come posizionare le antenne a 20 cm da persone o animali. Drošības instrukcijas XBee moduļi n Radio moduļa XBee darbība nevar tikt garantēta radio savienojuma dēļ, tāpēc to nevajadzētu izmantot bloķēšanai drošības ziņā kritiskās ierīcēs, piemēram, mašīnās vai automobiļos. n XBee radio modulis nav apstiprināts lietošanai (šis saraksts nav pilnīgs): l medicīniskās ierīces l kodolprogrammas l sprādzienbīstamā vai uzliesmojošā vidē n XBee radio moduļa iekšpusē nav neviena komponenta, ko lietotājs varētu apkopt. Nenoņemiet vairogu un nekādā veidā nepārveidojiet XBee. Modifikācijas rezultātā modulis var tikt izslēgts no jebkādas garantijas un var izraisīt XBee radio darbību, kas neatbilst noteiktās valsts normatīvajiem aktiem, izraisot iespējamu nelegālu radio darbību. n Strādājot ar XBee moduli, izmantojiet nozares standarta ESD aizsardzību. n Rīkojoties, rīkojieties uzmanīgi, lai izvairītos no PCB un komponentu elektriskiem bojājumiem. n Nepakļaujiet XBee radio moduļus ūdens vai mitruma iedarbībai. n Izmantojiet šo izstrādājumu ar antenām, kas norādītas XBee moduļa lietotāja rokasgrāmatās. n Galalietotājam ir jāpaskaidro, kā atvienot XBee radio moduļa strāvu vai novietot antenas 20 cm attālumā no cilvēkiem vai dzīvniekiem. Saugos instrukcijos XBee moduliai n Negalima garantuoti, kad „XBee“ radijo modulis veiks dėl radijo ryšio, todėl jo neturėtų būti naudojamas blokuoti saugai svarbiuose įrenginiuose, pvz., mašinose ar automobiliuose. n XBee radijo modulis nebuvo patvirtintas naudoti (šis sąrašas nėra baigtinis): l medicinos prietaisai l branduolinės programos l sprogioje ar degioje aplinkoje XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 21 Safety instructions Sikkerhetsinstruksjoner n XBee radijo modulio viduje nėra komponentų, kuriuos vartotojas galėtų prižiūrėti. Jokiu būdu nenuimkite skydo ir nekeiskite XBee. Dėl modifikacijų moduliui gali būti netaikoma jokia garantija, o „XBee“ radijas gali veikti ne pagal tam tikros šalies norminius reikalavimus, o tai gali sukelti neteisėtą radijo naudojimą. n Dirbdami su XBee moduliu naudokite pramonės standartinę ESD apsaugą. n Dirbdami būkite atsargūs, kad nepažeistumėte PCB ir komponentų. n Saugokite XBee radijo modulius nuo vandens ar drėgmės. n Naudokite šį gaminį su antenomis, nurodytomis XBee modulio vartotojo vadove. n Galutiniam vartotojui turi būti paaiškinta, kaip atjungti XBee radijo modulio maitinimą arba nustatyti antenas 20 cm atstumu nuo žmonių ar gyvūnų. Sikkerhetsinstruksjoner XBee-moduler n XBee-radiomodulen kan ikke garanteres drift på grunn av radiolinken, og bør derfor ikke brukes til forriglinger i sikkerhetskritiske enheter som maskiner eller bilapplikasjoner. n XBee-radiomodulen er ikke godkjent for bruk i (denne listen er ikke uttømmende): l medisinsk utstyr l kjernefysiske applikasjoner l eksplosive eller brennbare atmosfærer n Det er ingen komponenter som kan repareres av brukeren inne i XBee-radiomodulen. Ikke fjern skjoldet eller modifiser XBee på noen måte. Endringer kan ekskludere modulen fra enhver garanti og kan føre til at XBee-radioen fungerer utenfor regelverket for et gitt land, noe som kan føre til ulovlig drift av radioen. n Bruk industristandard ESD-beskyttelse når du håndterer XBee-modulen. n Vær forsiktig ved håndtering for å unngå elektrisk skade på PCB og komponenter. n Ikke utsett XBee radiomoduler for vann eller fuktighet. n Bruk dette produktet med antennene spesifisert i XBee-modulens brukerveiledninger. n Sluttbrukeren må bli fortalt hvordan man fjerner strømmen fra XBee-radiomodulen eller plasserer antennene 20 cm fra mennesker eller dyr. Instrukcje bezpieczeństwa Moduły XBee n Moduł radiowy XBee nie może zagwarantować działania ze względu na łącze radiowe, dlatego nie należy go używać do blokad w urządzeniach o krytycznym znaczeniu dla bezpieczeństwa, takich jak maszyny lub aplikacje motoryzacyjne. n Moduł radiowy XBee nie został dopuszczony do użytku w (lista ta nie jest wyczerpująca): XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 22 Safety instructions Instruções de segurança l wyroby medyczne l zastosowania nuklearne l atmosferach wybuchowych lub łatwopalnych n Wewnątrz modułu radiowego XBee nie ma żadnych elementów, które mogłyby być serwisowane przez użytkownika. Nie zdejmuj osłony ani nie modyfikuj XBee w żaden sposób. Modyfikacje mogą wykluczyć moduł z jakiejkolwiek gwarancji i spowodować, że radio XBee będzie działać niezgodnie z przepisami obowiązującymi w danym kraju, co może prowadzić do nielegalnego działania radia. n Podczas obsługi modułu XBee należy stosować standardową ochronę ESD. n Podczas obsługi należy zachować ostrożność, aby uniknąć uszkodzeń elektrycznych PCB i komponentów. n Nie wystawiaj modułów radiowych XBee na działanie wody lub wilgoci. n Używaj tego produktu z antenami określonymi w podręcznikach użytkownika modułu XBee. n Użytkownik końcowy musi zostać poinformowany, jak odłączyć zasilanie modułu radiowego XBee lub zlokalizować anteny w odległości 20 cm od ludzi lub zwierząt. Instruções de segurança Módulos XBee n • O módulo de rádio XBee não pode ter operação garantida devido ao link de rádio e, portanto, não deve ser usado para intertravamentos em dispositivos críticos de segurança, como máquinas ou aplicações automotivas. n • O módulo de rádio XBee não foi aprovado para uso em (esta lista não é exaustiva): l o dispositivos médicos l o aplicações nucleares l o atmosferas explosivas ou inflamáveis n • Não há componentes que possam ser reparados pelo usuário dentro do módulo de rádio XBee. Não remova a blindagem nem modifique o XBee de forma alguma. As modificações podem excluir o módulo de qualquer garantia e fazer com que o rádio XBee opere fora da conformidade regulatória de um determinado país, levando à possível operação ilegal do rádio. n • Use proteção ESD padrão da indústria ao manusear o módulo XBee. n • Tome cuidado ao manusear para evitar danos elétricos à PCB e aos componentes. n • Não exponha os módulos de rádio XBee à água ou umidade. n • Use este produto com as antenas especificadas nos guias do usuário do módulo XBee. n • O usuário final deve ser informado sobre como remover a energia do módulo de rádio XBee ou localizar as antenas a 20 cm de humanos ou animais. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 23 Safety instructions Instructiuni de siguranta Instructiuni de siguranta module XBee n Nu se poate garanta funcționarea modulului radio XBee din cauza conexiunii radio și, prin urmare, nu trebuie utilizat pentru interblocări în dispozitive critice pentru siguranță, cum ar fi mașini sau aplicații auto. n Modulul radio XBee nu a fost aprobat pentru utilizare în (această listă nu este exhaustivă): l dispozitive medicale l aplicații nucleare l atmosfere explozive sau inflamabile n Nu există componente care să poată fi reparate de utilizator în interiorul modulului radio XBee. Nu îndepărtați scutul și nu modificați XBee în niciun fel. Modificările pot exclude modulul din orice garanție și pot face ca radioul XBee să funcționeze în afara conformității cu reglementările pentru o anumită țară, ceea ce duce la o posibilă funcționare ilegală a radioului. n Folosiți protecția ESD standard în industrie când manipulați modulul XBee. n Aveți grijă în timpul manipulării pentru a evita deteriorarea electrică a PCB-ului și a componentelor. n Nu expuneți modulele radio XBee la apă sau umezeală. n Utilizați acest produs cu antenele specificate în ghidurile utilizatorului modulului XBee. n Utilizatorului final trebuie să i se spună cum să scoată alimentarea de la modulul radio XBee sau să găsească antenele la 20 cm de oameni sau animale. Bezpečnostné inštrukcie moduly XBee n Rádiový modul XBee nemôže byť zaručený kvôli rádiovému spojeniu, a preto by sa nemal používať na blokovanie v zariadeniach kritických z hľadiska bezpečnosti, ako sú stroje alebo automobilové aplikácie. n Rádiový modul XBee nebol schválený na použitie v (tento zoznam nie je úplný): l zdravotnícke pomôcky l jadrové aplikácie l výbušné alebo horľavé atmosféry n Vo vnútri rádiového modulu XBee sa nenachádzajú žiadne používateľsky opraviteľné komponenty. Neodstraňujte štít ani žiadnym spôsobom neupravujte XBee. Úpravy môžu vyňať modul zo záruky a môžu spôsobiť, že rádio XBee bude fungovať mimo zhody s predpismi pre danú krajinu, čo vedie k možnej nezákonnej prevádzke rádia. n Pri manipulácii s modulom XBee používajte štandardnú ochranu pred ESD. n Pri manipulácii buďte opatrní, aby ste predišli elektrickému poškodeniu dosky plošných spojov a komponentov. n Rádiové moduly XBee nevystavujte vode ani vlhkosti. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 24 Safety instructions Varnostna navodila n Tento produkt používajte s anténami špecifikovanými v používateľských príručkách modulu XBee. n Koncový používateľ musí byť informovaný o tom, ako odpojiť napájanie rádiového modulu XBee alebo ako umiestniť antény 20 cm od ľudí alebo zvierat. Varnostna navodila XBee moduli n Radijskega modula XBee ni mogoče zagotoviti delovanja zaradi radijske povezave in ga zato ne smete uporabljati za zaklepanje v varnostno kritičnih napravah, kot so stroji ali avtomobilske aplikacije. n Radijski modul XBee ni bil odobren za uporabo v (ta seznam ni izčrpen): l medicinskih pripomočkov l jedrske aplikacije l eksplozivne ali vnetljive atmosfere n V radijskem modulu XBee ni komponent, ki bi jih lahko popravil uporabnik. Ne odstranjujte ščita in na noben način ne spreminjajte XBee. Spremembe lahko modul izključijo iz kakršne koli garancije in lahko povzročijo, da radio XBee deluje zunaj zakonske skladnosti za dano državo, kar vodi do možnega nezakonitega delovanja radia. n Pri ravnanju z modulom XBee uporabite standardno industrijsko zaščito pred ESD. n Pri rokovanju pazite, da se izognete električnim poškodbam tiskanega vezja in komponent. n Radijskih modulov XBee ne izpostavljajte vodi ali vlagi. n Ta izdelek uporabljajte z antenami, navedenimi v uporabniških priročnikih modula XBee. n Končnemu uporabniku je treba povedati, kako odstraniti napajanje z radijskega modula XBee ali naj locira antene 20 cm od ljudi ali živali. Módulos XBee n No se puede garantizar el funcionamiento del módulo de radio XBee debido al enlace de radio y, por lo tanto, no debe usarse para enclavamientos en dispositivos críticos para la seguridad, como máquinas o aplicaciones automotrices. n El módulo de radio XBee no ha sido aprobado para su uso en (esta lista no es exhaustiva): l dispositivos médicos l aplicaciones nucleares l atmósferas explosivas o inflamables n No hay componentes reparables por el usuario dentro del módulo de radio XBee. No quite el escudo ni modifique el XBee de ninguna manera. Las modificaciones pueden excluir el módulo de cualquier garantía y pueden hacer que la radio XBee funcione fuera del cumplimiento normativo de un país determinado, lo que puede provocar una operación ilegal de la radio. n Utilice la protección ESD estándar de la industria al manipular el módulo XBee. n Tenga cuidado al manipularlo para evitar daños eléctricos en la PCB y los componentes. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 25 Safety instructions Säkerhets instruktioner n No exponga los módulos de radio XBee al agua ni a la humedad. n Utilice este producto con las antenas especificadas en las guías de usuario del módulo XBee. n Se debe indicar al usuario final cómo desconectar la alimentación del módulo de radio XBee o ubicar las antenas a 20 cm de personas o animales. Säkerhets instruktioner XBee-moduler n XBee-radiomodulen kan inte garanteras funktion på grund av radiolänken och bör därför inte användas för förreglingar i säkerhetskritiska enheter som maskiner eller biltillämpningar. n XBee-radiomodulen har inte godkänts för användning i (denna lista är inte uttömmande): l medicinsk utrustning l kärnkraftstillämpningar l explosiv eller brandfarlig atmosfär n Det finns inga komponenter som användaren kan reparera inuti XBee-radiomodulen. Ta inte bort skölden eller modifiera XBee på något sätt. Ändringar kan utesluta modulen från alla garantier och kan göra att XBee-radion fungerar utanför bestämmelserna för ett visst land, vilket kan leda till att radion kan användas olagligt. n Använd industristandard ESD-skydd när du hanterar XBee-modulen. n Var försiktig vid hanteringen för att undvika elektriska skador på kretskortet och komponenterna. n Utsätt inte XBee radiomoduler för vatten eller fukt. n Använd den här produkten med antennerna som specificeras i XBee-modulens användarguider. n Slutanvändaren måste informeras om hur man kopplar bort strömmen från XBeeradiomodulen eller för att placera antennerna 20 cm från människor eller djur. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 26 Technical specifications Performance specifications Power requirements General specifications Regulatory conformity summary Serial communication specifications GPIO specifications XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 28 28 29 29 30 31 27 Technical specifications Performance specifications Performance specifications The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices. Note Range figure estimates are based on free-air terrain with limited sources of interference. Actual range will vary based on transmitting power, orientation of transmitter and receiver, height of transmitting antenna, height of receiving antenna, weather conditions, interference sources in the area, and terrain between receiver and transmitter, including indoor and outdoor structures such as walls, trees, buildings, hills, and mountains. Specification XBee value XBee-PRO value Indoor / urban range Up to 200 ft (60 m) Up to 300 ft. (90 m) Outdoor RF line-of-sight range Up to 4000 ft (1200 m) Up to 2 miles (3200 m) Transmit power output (software selectable) 6.3 mW (8 dBm), Boost mode1 3.1 mW (5 dBm), Normal mode Channel 26 max power is 0.3 mW (-5 dBm) 63 mW (18 dBm)2 RF data rate 250,000 b/s 250,000 b/s Maximum data throughput Up to 96,000 b/s Up to 96,000 b/s UART interface data rate 1200 b/s to 250,000 b/s 1200 b/s to 250,000 b/s SPI data rate Up to 5 Mb/s (burst) Up to 5 Mb/s (burst) Receiver sensitivity -102 dBm, Boost mode -100 dBm, Normal mode -101 dBm Power requirements The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. Specification XBee XBee-PRO Supply voltage 2.1 - 3.6 V 2.7 - 3.6 V Transmit current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V) 45 mA (8 dBm, Boost mode) 33 mA (5 dBm, Normal mode) 120 mA (18 dBm) Idle / receive current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V) 31 mA (Boost mode) 28 mA (Normal mode) 31 mA Power-down current 0. n The sender sends broadcast and unicast messages at the same time to the Legacy 802.15.4 module without waiting for the transmission status of the previous packet. The effect is: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 56 Operation n Networking The receiver may display duplicate packets. The solution is: n Set bit 0 of the C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility) parameter to 1 to enable TX compatibility mode in the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. This eliminates the transmission queue to avoid sending to multiple addresses simultaneously. It also limits the packet size to the levels of the Legacy 802.15.4 module. Networking The following table describes some common terms we use when discussing networks. Term Definition Association Establishing membership between end devices and a coordinator. Coordinator A full-function device (FFD) that provides network synchronization by polling nodes. End device When in the same network as a coordinator. Devices that rely on a coordinator for synchronization and can be put into states of sleep for low-power applications. PAN Personal Area Network. A data communication network that includes one or more end devices and optionally a coordinator. MAC Mode configuration Medium Access Control (MAC) Mode configures two functions: 1. Enables or disables the use of a Digi header in the 802.15.4 RF packet. When the Digi header is enabled (MM = 0 or 3), duplicate packet detection is enabled as well as certain AT commands. Modes 1 and 2 do not include a Digi header, which disables many features of the device. All data is strictly pass through. 2. Enables or disables MAC acknowledgment request for unicast packets. When MAC ACK is enabled (MM = 0 or 2), transmitting devices send packets with an ACK request so receiving devices send an ACK back (acknowledgment of RF packet reception) to the transmitter. If the transmitting device does not receive the ACK, it re-sends the packet up to three times or until the ACK is received. Modes 1 and 3 disable MAC acknowledgment. Transmitting devices send packets without an ACK request so receiving devices do not send an ACK back to the transmitter.  Broadcast messages are always sent with the MAC ACK request disabled. The following table summarizes the functionality. Mode Digi Header MAC ACK 0 (default) V V 1 2 3 V V XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 57 Operation Networking The default value for the MM configuration parameter is 0 which enables both the Digi header and the MAC acknowledgment. XBee retries configuration Configures the maximum number of retries the device executes in addition to the three retries provided by the 802.15.4 MAC. RR (XBee Retries) controls XBee retries configuration. It is also known as Application Retries. For each XBee retry, the 802.15.4 MAC can execute up to three retries. This only applies if MAC Mode configuration has Digi Header enabled. Transmit status based on MAC mode and XBee retries configurations When working in API mode, a transmit request frame sent by the user is always answered with a transmit status frame sent by the device, if the frame ID is non-zero. The following tables report the expected transmit status for unicast transmissions and the maximum number of MAC and application retries the device attempts.  The tables also report the transmit status reported when the device detects energy above the CCA threshold (when a CCA failure happens). The following table applies in either of these cases: l Digi Header is disabled. l Digi Header is enabled and XBee Retries (RR parameter) is equal to 0 (default configuration). Destination reachable Mac ACK Config Destination unreachable Retries CCA failure happened Retries TX status MAC App TX status MAC App Enabled 00 (Success) up to 3 0 01 (No acknowledgment received) 3 0 Disabled 00 (Success) 0 0 00 (Success) 0 0 Retries TX status MAC App 02 (CCA failure) 3 0 02 (CCA failure) 3 0 The following table applies when: l Digi Header is enabled and XBee Retries (RR parameter) is bigger than 0. Destination reachable Mac ACK Config Enabled Destination unreachable Retries Retries CCA failure happened TX status MAC App TX status MAC App TX status 00 (Success) up to 3 per app up to RR value 21 (Network ACK 3 RR value 02 (CCA failure) XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Retries MAC App 3 RR value 58 Operation Networking Destination reachable Mac ACK Config Destination unreachable Retries TX status MAC Retries App TX status retry Disabled 00 (Success) 0 CCA failure happened MAC App TX status 0 RR value 02 (CCA failure) Retries MAC App 3 RR value Failure) up to RR value 21 (Network ACK Failure) Peer-to-peer networks By default, XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module modules are configured to operate within a peerto-peer network topology and therefore are not dependent upon master/slave relationships. This means that devices remain synchronized without the use of master/server configurations and each device in the network shares both roles of master and slave. Our peer-to-peer architecture features fast synchronization times and fast cold start times. This default configuration accommodates a wide range of RF data applications. Master/slave networks In a Master Slave network, there is a coordinator and one or more end devices. When end devices associate to the coordinator, they become members of that Personal Area Network (PAN). As such, they share the same channel and PAN ID. PAN IDs must be unique to prevent miscommunication between PANs. Depending on the A1 and A2 parameters, association may assist in automatically assigning the PAN ID and the channel. These parameters are specified below based on the network role (end device or coordinator). End device association End device association occurs if CE is 0 and A1 has bit 2 set. See the following table. Bit Hex value Meaning 0 0x01 Allow PAN ID reassignment 1 0x02 Allow channel reassignment 2 0x04 Auto association 3 0x08 Poll coordinator on pin wake By default, A1 is 0, which disables association and effectively causes an end device to operate in peerto-peer mode. When bit 2 is set, the end device associates to a coordinator. This is done by sending XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 59 Operation Networking out an active scan to detect beacons from nearby networks. The active scan selects one channel and transmits a Beacon Request command to the broadcast address and the broadcast PAN ID. It then listens on that channel for beacons from any coordinator operating on that channel. The listen time on each channel is determined by the SD parameter. Once that time expires, the active scan selects the next channel, repeating until all channels have been scanned. If A1 is 0x04 (bit 0 clear, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will reject all beacons that do not match both the configured PAN ID and the configured channel. This is the best way to join a particular coordinator. If A1 is 0x05 (bit 0 set, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any PAN ID, providing the channel matches. This is useful if the channel is known, but not the PAN ID. If A1 is 0x06 (bit 0 clear, bit 1 set, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any channel, providing the PAN ID matches. This is useful if the PAN ID is known, but not the channel. If A1 is 0x07 (bit 0 set, bit 1 set, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any PAN ID and from any channel. This is useful when the network does not matter, but the one with the best signal is desired. Whenever multiple beacons are received that meet the criteria of the active scan, then the beacon with the best link quality is selected. This applies whether A1 is 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, or 0x07. Before the End Device joins a network, the Associate LED will be on solid. After it joins a network, the Associate LED will blink twice per second. In the event that association parameters are changed after the end device is associated, the end device will leave the network and re-join in accordance with the new configuration parameters. Coordinator association Coordinator association occurs if CE is 1 and A2 has bit 2 set. See the following table. Bit Hex value Meaning 0 0x01 Allow PAN ID reassignment 1 0x02 Allow channel reassignment 2 0x04 Allow association By default, A2 is 0, which prevents devices from associating to the coordinator. So, if CE is 1 and A2 bit 2 is 0, the device still creates a network, but end devices are unable to associate to it. If A2 bit 2 is set, then joining is allowed after the coordinator forms a network. If A2 bit 0 is set, the coordinator issues an active scan. This means it will send out beacon requests to the broadcast address (0xFFFF) and the broadcast PAN ID (0xFFFF). Then, it will listen for beacons. The listen time is determined by the SD parameter. Then the same beacon request is sent out on the next channel and the device listens for beacon responses on that channel. This process repeats until each channel in the channel mask (SC) is scanned for SD time. If none of the beacons on any of the channels return a PAN ID equivalent with the ID parameter, then the coordinator will use the ID parameter for the PAN ID of the new network it forms. But, if a beacon response matches the PAN ID of the coordinator, the coordinator will form a PAN on a unique PAN ID. If A2 bit 0 is clear, then the coordinator will form a network on the PAN ID identified by the ID parameter, without regard to another network that might have the same PAN ID. If A2 bit 1 is set, the coordinator will issue an energy scan, similar to the active scan. It will listen on each channel specified in the SC parameter for the time indicated by the SD parameter. After the scan is complete, the channel with the least energy is selected to form the new network. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 60 Operation Networking If A2 bit 1 is clear, then no energy scan is performed and the CH parameter is used to select the channel of the new network. If bits 0 and 1 of A2 are both set, then an active scan is done followed by an energy scan. However, the channels on which the active scan finds a coordinator are eliminated as possible channels for the energy scan, unless such an action would eliminate all channels. If beacons are found on all channels in the channel mask, then then the energy scan behaves the same as it would if beacons are not found on any of those channels. Therefore, the active scan will be performed on all channels in the channel mask. Then, an energy scan will be performed on the channels in the channel mask that did not find a coordinator. Depending on the result of the active scan, the set of channels for the energy scan varies. If a PAN ID is found on all the channels in the channel mask, then the energy scan operates on all the channels in the channel mask. If at least one of the channels in the channel mask did not find a PAN ID, then the channels with PAN IDs are eliminated from consideration for the energy scan. After the energy scan completes, the channel with the least energy is selected for forming the new network. Whenever CE, ID, A2, or MY changes, the network will leave and association will recur with the new parameters. Any end devices associated to the coordinator prior to changing one of these parameters will lose association. For this reason, it is important not to change these parameters on a coordinator unless needed. Before the Coordinator forms a network, the Associate LED will be on solid. After it forms a network, the Associate LED will blink once per second. Indirect addressing The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module may hold indirect messages until it runs out of buffers and the size of those messages does not matter. A brief summary follows: A coordinator (CE = 1) must have SP set to a non-zero value to use indirect addressing. Otherwise, all frames will be sent directly, assuming the target device is awake. For best operation, SP and ST should be set to match the SP and ST values of the end nodes. The coordinator will hold onto an indirect message until it receives a poll from the device to which the message is addressed, or until a timeout, whichever occurs first. The timeout is 2.5 times the value of SP. After an indirect message is sent, subsequent messages to the same address will be sent directly for a period of time equal to the ST parameter. The assumption is that the end device will remain awake for ST time after the last transmission or reception. Therefore, after a poll, every transmission and reception involving that address restart the ST timer. After the ST timer expires, the coordinator will again use indirect messaging (i.e it will hold messages awaiting a poll.) End devices using cyclic sleep send a poll to the coordinator when they wake up unless SO bit 0 is set. End devices using pin sleep may be configured to send a poll on a pin wakeup by setting bit 3 of A1. Also the FP command can be used to send a poll upon exiting command mode. However, the poll is not sent while in command mode. Rather the poll is sent after changes are applied so that the module is ready to receive data after the poll is sent. It is more difficult to use indirect addressing with pin sleep than with cyclic sleep because the end device must wake up periodically to poll for the data from the coordinator. Otherwise, the coordinator will discard the data. Therefore, cyclic sleep is the only recommended sleep mode for indirect addressing. Association indicators There are two types of association indicators: Asynchronous device status messages, and on demand queries. Asynchronous device status messages occur whenever a change occurs and API mode is enabled. On demand queries occur when the AI command is issued, which can occur in Command mode, in API mode, or as a remote command. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 61 Operation Networking Device Status Messages Not all device status messages are related with association, but for completeness all device status types reported by XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module are listed in the following table. Type Meaning 0x00 Hardware reset. 0x01 Watchdog reset. 0x02 End device successfully associated with a coordinator. 0x03 End device disassociated from coordinator or coordinator failed to form a new network. 0x06 Coordinator formed a new network. 0x0D Input voltage on the XBee-PRO device is too high, which prevents transmissions. Association indicator status codes The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module code can potentially give any of the status codes in the following table. Code Meaning 0x00 Coordinator successfully started, End device successfully associated, or operating in peer to peer mode where no association is needed. 0x03 Active Scan found a PAN coordinator, but it is not currently accepting associations. 0x04 Active Scan found a PAN coordinator in a beacon-enabled network, which is not a supported feature. 0x05 Active Scan found a PAN, but the PAN ID does not match the configured PAN ID on the requesting end device and bit 0 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of PAN ID. 0x06 Active Scan found a PAN on a channel does not match the configured channel on the requesting end device and bit 1 of A1 is not set to allow reassignment of the channel. 0x0C Association request failed to get a response. 0x13 End device is disassociated or is in the process of disassociating. 0xFF Initialization time; no association status has been determined yet. Sleep Sleep is implemented to support installations where a mains power source is not available and a battery is required. In order to increase battery life, the device sleeps, which means it stops operating. It can be woken by a timer expiration or a pin. For more information about sleep modes, see Sleep modes. Sleep conditions Since instructions stop executing while the device is sleeping, it is important to avoid sleeping when the device has work to do. For example, the device will not sleep if any of the following are true: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 62 Operation Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) 1. The device is operating in command mode, or in the process of getting into command mode with the +++ sequence. 2. The device is processing AT commands from API mode 3. The device is processing remote AT commands 4. Something is queued to the serial port and that data is not blocked by RTS flow control If each of the above conditions are false, then sleep may still be blocked in these cases: 1. Enough time has not expired since the device has awakened. a. If the device is operating in pin sleep, the amount of time needed for one character to be received on the UART is enough time. b. If the device is operating in cyclic sleep, enough time is defined by a timer. The duration of that timer is: i. defined by ST if in SM 5 mode and it is awakened by a pin ii. 30 ms to allow enough time for a poll and a poll response iii. 750 ms to allow enough time for association, in case that needs to happen c. In addition, the wake time is extended by an additional ST time when new OTA data or serial data is received. 2. Sleep Request pin is not asserted when operating in pin sleep mode 3. Data is waiting to be sent OTA. Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) Prior to transmitting a packet, the device performs a CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) on the channel to determine if the channel is available for transmission. The detected energy on the channel is compared with the CA (Clear Channel Assessment) parameter value. If the detected energy exceeds the CA parameter value, the device does not transmit the packet. Also, the device inserts a delay before a transmission takes place. You can set this delay using the RN (Backoff Exponent) parameter. If you set RN to 0, then there is no delay before the first CCA is performed. The RN parameter value is the equivalent of the “minBE” parameter in the 802.15.4 specification. The transmit sequence follows the 802.15.4 specification. By default, the MM (MAC Mode) parameter = 0. On a CCA failure, the device attempts to re-send the packet up to two additional times. When in Unicast packets with RR (Retries) = 0, the device executes two CCA retries. Broadcast packets always get two CCA retries. Note Customers in Europe who have the XBee 802.15.4 module must manage their CCA settings. See CA (CCA Threshold) for CA values. CCA operations CCA is a method of collision avoidance that is implemented by detecting the energy level on the transmission channel before starting the transmission. The CCA threshold (defined by the CA parameter) defines the energy level that it takes to block a transmission attempt. For example, if CCA is set to the default value of 0x2C (which is interpreted as -44 dBm) then energy detected above the 44 dBm level (for example -40 dBm) temporarily blocks a transmission attempt. But if the energy level is less than that (for example -50 dBm), the transmission is not blocked. The intent of this feature is to prevent simultaneous transmissions on the same channel. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 63 Operation Serial interface CCA can be set down to 0x50 (or -80 dBm), which approaches the sensitivity level. Setting such a threshold may not work in a noisy environment. In the event that the energy level exceeds the threshold, the transmission is blocked some random number of backoff periods. The number of backoff periods is defined by random(2^n - 1) where the initial value of n is defined by the RN parameter and it increments after each failure. When RN is set to its default value of 0, then 2^n -1 is 0, preventing any delay before the first energy detection on a new frame. However, n increments after each CCA failure, giving a greater range for the number of backoff periods between each energy detection cycle. In the event that five energy detection cycles occur and each one detects too much energy, the application tries again 1 to 48 ms later. After the application retries are exhausted, then the transmission fails with a CCA error. Whenever the MAC code reports a CCA failure, meaning that it performed five energy detection cycles with exponential random back-offs, and each one failed, the EC parameter is incremented. The EC parameter can be read at any time to find out how noisy the operating channel is. It continues to increment until it reaches its maximum value of 0xFFFF. To get new statistics, you can always set EC back to 0. Serial interface The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module interfaces to a host device through a serial port. The device can communicate through its serial port with: n Through logic and voltage compatible universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). n Through a level translator to any serial device, for example, through an RS-232 or USB interface board. n Through a SPI, as described in SPI signals. Select a serial port The device has two serial ports and only one is active at a time. To be active, a port must be enabled and in use. The UART is always enabled. The SPI is enabled if it is configured. To be configured, SPI_MISO, SPI_ MOSI, SPI_SSEL , and SPI_CLK must all be configured as peripherals. On the surface-mount device, these lines are configured as peripherals by setting P5, P6, P7, and P8 to 1. This is also the default configuration for surface-mount devices. On the through-hole device, those pins are not available and SPI is disabled by default. Therefore, to configure the SPI pins on a through-hole device, hold DOUT low during a reset. If the UART is not hooked up, then DOUT can be treated as an input to force the device into SPI mode. It is best to follow this special operation by a WR operation so that the SPI port will still be enabled on future resets without forcing DOUT low. Once the SPI port is enabled by either means, it is still not active until the external SPI master asserts SPI_SSEL low. After the SPI port is active, the device continues to use the SPI port until the next reset. Serial receive buffer When serial data enters the device through the DIN pin (or the MOSI pin), it stores the data in the serial receive buffer until the device can process it. Under certain conditions, the device may not be able to process data in the serial receive buffer immediately. If large amounts of serial data are sent to the device such that the serial receive buffer would overflow, then it discards new data. If the UART is in use, you can avoid this by the host side honoring CTS flow control. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 64 Operation Serial interface Serial transmit buffer When the device receives RF data, it moves the data into the serial transmit buffer and sends it out the UART or SPI port. If the serial transmit buffer becomes full and the system buffers are also full, then it drops the entire RF data packet. Whenever the device receives data faster than it can process and transmit the data out the serial port, there is a potential of dropping data. UART data flow Devices that have a UART interface connect directly to the pins of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module as shown in the following figure. The figure shows system data flow in a UART-interfaced environment. Low-asserted signals have a horizontal line over the signal name. Serial data A device sends data to the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module's UART through TH pin 3/SMT pin 4 DIN as an asynchronous serial signal. When the device is not transmitting data, the signals should idle high. For serial communication to occur, you must configure the UART of both devices (the microcontroller and the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module) with compatible settings for the baud rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, and data bits. Each data byte consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits (least significant bit first) and a stop bit (high). The following diagram illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the device. The diagram shows UART data packet 0x1F (decimal number 31) as transmitted through the device. Flow control The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module maintains buffers to collect serial and RF data that it receives. The serial receive buffer collects incoming serial characters and holds them until the device can process them. The serial transmit buffer collects the data it receives via the RF link until it XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 65 Operation Serial interface transmits that data out the serial port. The following figure shows the process of device buffers collecting received serial data. CTS flow control If you enable CTS flow control (by setting D7 to 1), when the serial receive buffer is 17 bytes away from being full, the device de-asserts CTS (sets it high) to signal to the host device to stop sending serial data. The device reasserts CTS after the serial receive buffer has 34 bytes of space. The maximum space available for receiving serial data is 174 bytes, which is enough to hold 1.5 full packets of data. Flow control threshold Use the FT parameter to set the flow control threshold. Since the receive serial buffer is 174 bytes, you cannot set FT to more than 174-12 = 162 bytes. This allows up to 17 bytes of data to come in after CTS is de-asserted before data is dropped. The default value of FT is 109, leaving space for an external device that responds slowly to CTS being de-asserted. The minimum value of FT is 17, which is the minimal operational level. RTS flow control If you send the D6 command to enable RTS flow control, the device does not send data in the serial transmit buffer out the DOUT pin as long as RTS is de-asserted (set high). Do not de-assert RTS for long periods of time or the serial transmit buffer will fill. If the device receives an RF data packet and the serial transmit buffer does not have enough space for all of the data bytes, it discards the entire RF data packet. If the device sends data out the UART when RTS is de-asserted (set high) the device could send up to five characters out the UART port after RTS is de-asserted. Cases in which the DO buffer may become full, resulting in dropped RF packets: 1. If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the device, the device may receive data faster than it can send the data to the host. Even occasional transmissions from a large number of devices can quickly accumulate and overflow the transmit buffer. 2. If the host does not allow the device to transmit data out from the serial transmit buffer due to being held off by hardware flow control. Asynchronous Parameters Asynchronous communication over a UART is configured with a start bit, data bits, parity, stop bits, and baud rate. Out of these, only parity and baud rate are configurable on the device for 802.15.4. This XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 66 Operation SPI operation means that the connecting micro-controller must match the the start bits (1), the data bits (8), and the stop bits (1) of the device for proper communication. Parity Use the NB command to configure parity; see NB (Parity). SPI operation This section specifies how SPI is implemented on the device, what the SPI signals are, and how full duplex operations work. SPI signals The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports SPI communications in slave mode. Slave mode receives the clock signal and data from the master and returns data to the master. The SPI port uses the following signals on the device: Signal SMT pin SMT applicable AT # command TH Pin TH applicable AT # command SPI_MOSI (Master out, Slave in) 16 P6 11 D4 SPI_MISO (Master in, Slave out) 17 P5 4 P2 SPI_SCLK (Serial clock) 14 P8 18 D2 SPI_SSEL (Slave select) 15 P7 17 D3 SPI_ATTN (Attention) 12 P9 19 D1 By default, the inputs have pull-up resistors enabled. Use the PR command to disable the pull-up resistors. When the SPI pins are not connected but the pins are configured for SPI operation, then the device requires the pull-ups for proper UART operation. Signal description SPI_MISO: When SPI_CLK is active, the device outputs the data on SPI_MISO at the SPI_CLK rate. If there are other SPI slave devices connected to the same SPI master, then the SPI_MISO output from XBee device must be externally tri-stated when SPI_SSEL is de-asserted to prevent multiple devices from driving SPI_MISO. SPI_MOSI: The SPI master outputs data on this line at the SPI_CLK rate after it selects the desired slave. When you configure the device for SPI operations, this pin is an input. SPI_SCLK: The SPI master outputs a clock on this pin, and the rate must not exceed the maximum allowed, 5 Mb/s. This signal clocks data transfers on MOSI and MISO. SPI_SSEL: The SPI master outputs a low signal on this pin to select the device as an SPI slave. When you configure the device for SPI operations, this pin is an input. This signal enables serial communication with the slave. SPI_ATTN: The device asserts this pin low when it has data to send to the SPI master. When you configure this pin for SPI operations, it is an output (not tri-stated). This signal alerts the master that the slave has data queued to send. The device asserts this pin as soon as data is available to send to the SPI master and it remains asserted until the SPI master has clocked out all available data. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 67 Operation SPI operation SPI parameters Most host processors with SPI hardware allow you to set the bit order, clock phase and polarity. For communication with all XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules, the host processor must set these options as follows: n Bit order: send MSB first n Clock phase (CPHA): sample data on first (leading) edge n Clock polarity (CPOL): first (leading) edge rises All XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules use SPI mode 0 and MSB first. Mode 0 means that data is sampled on the leading edge and that the leading edge rises. MSB first means that bit 7 is the first bit of a byte sent over the interface. SPI and API mode The SPI only operates in API mode 1. The SPI does not support Transparent mode or API mode 2 (with escaped characters). This means that the AP configuration only applies to the UART interface and is ignored while using the SPI. Full duplex operation When using SPI on the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module the device uses API operation without escaped characters to packetize data. The device ignores the configuration of AP because SPI does not operate in any other mode. SPI is a full duplex protocol, even when data is only available in one direction. This means that whenever a device receives data, it also transmits, and that data is normally invalid. Likewise, whenever a device transmits data, invalid data is probably received. To determine whether or not received data is invalid, the firmware places the data in API packets. SPI allows for valid data from the slave to begin before, at the same time, or after valid data begins from the master. When the master sends data to the slave and the slave has valid data to send in the middle of receiving data from the master, a full duplex operation occurs, where data is valid in both directions for a period of time. Not only must the master and the slave both be able to keep up with the full duplex operation, but both sides must honor the protocol. The following figure illustrates the SPI interface while valid data is being sent in both directions. Slave mode characteristics In slave mode, the following apply: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 68 Operation I/O support n SPI Clock rates up to 5 MHz (5 Mb/s) are possible. n Data is MSB first. n It uses Frame Format Mode 0. This means CPOL= 0 (idle clock is low) and CPHA = 0 (data is sampled on the clock’s leading edge). The picture below diagrams Mode 0. n The SPI port is setup for API mode and is equivalent to AP = 1. The following picture shows the frame format for SPI communications. I/O support The following topics describe analog and digital I/O line support, line passing and output control. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 69 Operation I/O support Digital I/O line support Digital I/O is available on pins D0 through D8. Each of these pins may be configured as 3, 4, or 5 with the following meanings: n 3 is digital input n 4 is digital output low n 5 is digital output high Pins D0 through D8 are available for digital input, but only D0 through D7 are available for digital output. Function SMT pin TH pin AT command DIO0 33 20 D0 (DIO0/AD0) DIO1 32 19 D1 (DIO1/AD1) DIO2 31 18 D2 (DIO2/AD2) DIO3 30 17 D3 (DIO3/AD3) DIO4 24 11 D4 (DIO4) DIO5 28 15 D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) DIO6 29 16 D6 (DIO6/RTS) DIO7 25 12 D7 (DIO7/CTS) DIO8 10 9 D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST) Analog input Analog input is available on D0 through D3 by configuring these parameters to 2. Analog input is not available on D4 and D5. On demand I/O sampling You can use the IS (Force Sample) command to sample pins configured as digital I/O and analog input. If no pins are configured in this manner (with the DO - D8 commands set to 2, 3, 4, or 5), then the IS command returns an error. In Command mode, the output is: Output Description 01 Indicates one sample. That is the only possibility for Command mode. 20E Mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D3, D2, and D1). 00A Digital sample indicates D3 high, D2 low, and D1 high. 3FF Analog sample for A0 indicates that A0 is reading maximum voltage of 1.2 V. In API mode, the output is: 7E 00 0C 83 00 00 00 00 01 03 3E 01 2A 02 10 FD XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 70 Operation I/O support In this example, note the following: 83 indicates RX Packet: 16-bit Address I/O frame (0x83). 00 00 indicates 16-bit source address. 00 indicates RSSI (does not apply). 00 indicates options. 01 indicates the number of samples. 03 3E mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D8, D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1). 01 2A digital sample that indicates that D8 is high, D5 is high, D4 is low, D3 is high, D2 is low, and D1 is high. 02 10 indicates that A0 has input voltage nearly half of capacity, where 03 FF would indicate the full voltage of 1.2 V = 1200 mV. For a remote IS command sent to the device listed above with the same configuration, the output is: 7E 00 16 97 01 00 13 A2 00 40 E3 C0 15 00 00 49 53 00 01 03 3E 01 2A 02 10 9F In this example, note the following: 97 indicates Remote AT Command Response frame (0x97). 01 is the frame ID. 00 13 A2 00 40 E3 C0 15 is the 64-bit source address. 00 00 indicates 16-bit source address. 49 53 (IS) indicates command response to the IS command. 00 indicates the status is OK. 01 indicates the number of samples. 03 3E mask to indicate which lines are sampled (A0, D8, D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1). 01 2A digital sample that indicates that D8 is high, D5 is high, D4 is low, D3 is high, D2 is low, and D1 is high. 02 10 indicates that A0 has input voltage about half of capacity, where 03 FF would indicate full voltage of 1.2 V = 1200 mV. I/O data format I/O data begins with a header. The first byte of the header defines the number of samples forthcoming. The last two bytes of the header (Channel Indicator) define which inputs are active. Each bit represents either a DIO line or ADC channel. The following figure illustrates the bits in the header. Sample data follows the header and the channel indicator frame determines how to read the sample data. If any of the DIO lines are enabled, the first two bytes are the DIO sample. The ADC data follows. ADC channel data is represented as an unsigned 10-bit value right-justified on a 16- bit boundary. The following figure illustrates the sample data bits. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 71 Operation I/O support Multiple samples per packet The IT parameter specifies how many I/O samples can be transmitted in a single OTA packet. Any single-byte value (0 - 0xFF) is accepted for input. However, the value is adjusted downward based on how many I/O samples can fit into a maximum size packet; see Maximum payload. A query of the IT parameter after changes are applied tells how many I/O samples actually occur. Since MM must be 0 or 3 to send I/O samples, the maximum payload in the best of conditions (short source address, short destination address, and no encryption) is 114 bytes. Seven of those bytes are used by the command header and the I/O header, leaving 107 bytes for I/O samples. The minimum I/O sample is 2 bytes. Therefore the maximum possible usable value for IT is 53 (or 0x35). API support I/O data is sent out the UART using an API frame. All other data can be sent and received using Transparent Operation or API frames if API mode is enabled (AP > 0). API Operations support two RX (Receive) frame identifiers for I/O data (set 16-bit address to 0xFFFE and the device does 64-bit addressing): n 0x82 for RX Packet: 64-bit Address I/O n 0x83 for RX Packet: 16-bit Address I/O The API command header is the same as shown in 64-bit Receive Packet - 0x80 and 16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83. RX data follows the format described in I/O data format. Periodic I/O sampling Periodic I/O sampling is done by periodically gathering samples on the source node and sending the samples to the destination node to output on its serial port. Source node On the source node, the IR parameter specifies how many milliseconds between samples. The IT parameter specifies how many samples will be sent OTA in a single packet, and the DH/DL parameters designate the node that will receive the samples. In addition MM must be 0 or 3 for I/O samples to be sent. The maximum value of IR is 0xFFFF. If IR is 0, periodic I/O sampling is disabled. Otherwise, IR specifies the number of milliseconds between samples. If IT is 0, than an I/O sample is sent every IR milliseconds. If IR is greater than 0, then an I/O sample is sent every IR*IT milliseconds. Any single-byte value (0 - 0xFF) is accepted for input. However, the value is adjusted downward based on how many I/O samples can fit into a maximum size packet. A query of the IT parameter after changes are applied tells how many I/O samples will actually occur. Since MM must be 0 or 3 to send I/O samples, the maximum payload in the best of conditions (short source address, short destination address, and no encryption) is 114 bytes. Seven of those bytes are used by the command header and the I/O header, leaving 107 bytes for I/O samples. The minimum I/O sample is 2 bytes. Therefore the maximum possible usable value for IT is 53 (or 0x35). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 72 Operation I/O support Although samples may be taken every millisecond, IR*IT should be at least 20 milliseconds. This allows time for OTA transmission and output on the serial port of the receiving module. Destination node On the destination node, the IU parameter enables the serial port to output I/O samples it receives. IU is set to 1 by default. If IU is set and the destination node is not in Command mode, it displays samples it receives on its serial port in API format. The AP parameter is ignored in this case. Data format The I/O sample is formatted as follows: IT Mask Samples 1 byte 2 bytes 2 * number of samples The IT field is described above. The Mask is a bit field formatted as follows: Reserved A3 - A0 D8 - D0 3 bits 4 analog bits 9 digital bits If you set any of the digital bits, then a digital sample follows the Mask. For every analog bit that is set, there is a 10-bit sample using two bytes where A0 is included first and A3 is included last. The number of samples indicated by the mask is repeated IT times. The mask is not repeated. The sending node sends I/O samples to the address specified by DH/DL. The receiving node displays the samples as described above, providing API mode is enabled, the node is not in Command mode, and the IU parameter is 1 (IU is 1 by default). If any of these are false, the I/O sample is discarded without being displayed. Change Detect I/O sampling When you use the IC (DIO Change Detect) command to enable DIO Change Detect, DIO lines 0 - 7 are monitored. When a change is detected on a DIO line, the following occurs: 1. This packet does not contain DIO8 and does not contain any analog samples. However, it does contain a digital reading of the D0 - D7 pins configured for input or output, whether or not all those bits are set in IC. 2. Any queued samples are transmitted before the change detect data. This may result in receiving a packet with less than IT (Samples before TX) samples. Change detect does not affect Pin Sleep wake-up. The D8 pin (DI8/SLEEP_RQ/DTR ) is the only line that wakes a device from Pin Sleep. If not all samples are collected, the device still enters Sleep mode after a change detect packet is sent. Change detect is only supported when the Dx (DIOx Configuration) parameter equals 3, 4 or 5. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 73 Operation I/O support Wakeup I/O sampling Bit 2 of the SO parameter specifies whether or not the device automatically samples the ADC/DIO lines on wakeup. On the receiving side the I/O sample may go to the I/O pins, the serial port, both, or neither based on the settings of the IA (I/O Input Address) and IU (I/O Output Enable) parameters. For more information, see SO (Sleep Options), IA (I/O Input Address), and IU (I/O Output Enable). Sample rate (interval) The Sample Rate (Interval) feature allows enabled ADC and DIO pins to be read periodically on devices that are not configured to operate in Sleep Mode. When one of the Sleep Modes is enabled and the IR (Sample Rate) parameter is set, the device stays awake until IT (Samples before TX) samples have been collected. Once a particular pin is enabled, the appropriate sample rate must be chosen. The maximum sample rate that can be achieved while using one A/D line is 1 sample/ms or 1 kHz. The device cannot keep up with transmission when IR and IT are equal to 1 and we do not recommend configuring the device to sample at rates greater than once every 20 ms. I/O line passing You can configure XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules to perform analog and digital line passing. When a device receives an RF I/O sample data packet, you can set up the receiving device to update any enabled outputs (PWM and DIO) based on the data it receives. Digital I/O lines are mapped in pairs; pins configured as digital input on the transmitting device affect the corresponding digital output pin on the receiving device. For example: DI5 (pin 25) can only update DO5 (pin 25). No I/O line passing occurs if the receiving device does not have the corresponding pins set for output. For Analog Line Passing, the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module has two PWM output pins that simulate the voltage measured by the ADC lines AD0 and AD1. For example, when configured as an ADC, AD0 (pin 33) updates PWM0 (pin 7); AD1 (pin 32) updates PWM1 (pin 8). The default setup is for outputs to not be updated. Instead, a device sends I/O sample data out the serial interface in API mode, even if the destination node is not configured for API mode. You can use the IU command to disable sample data output. To enable updating the outputs, set the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter with the address of the device that has the appropriate inputs enabled. This effectively binds the outputs to a particular device’s input. This does not affect the ability of the device to receive I/O line data from other devices - only its ability to update enabled outputs. Set the IA parameter to 0xFFFF (broadcast address) to set up the device to accept I/O data for output changes from any device on the network. For line passing to function, the device configured with inputs must generate sample data. When outputs are changed from their configured state, the device can be setup to return the output level to its configured state after a timer expires. The timers are set using the Tn (Dn Output Timer) and PT (PWM Output Timeout) commands. The timers are reset every time the device receives a valid I/O sample packet with a matching IA address. You can adjust the IT (Samples before TX) and IR (Sample Rate) parameters on the transmitting device to keep the outputs set to their active output if the system needs more time than the timers can handle. Alternatively, the timers can be set to 0xFF, which prevents them from expiring (in other words, the outputs remain in the state specified by the input device indefinitely). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 74 Operation Sleep support I/O line passing details The same message is received for both I/O sampling and for I/O line passing. But I/O line passing only occurs if IA matches the short or long address of the sending node or if IA is 0xFFFF to match a sample from any node. The default value of IA is 0xFFFFFFFF, which prevents I/O line passing from occurring on the node because no node has that address. Additionally, the receiving device must have a matching value for output. For example, if an ADC0 sample is received, then P0 must be configured with 2 for PWM output. Otherwise, the analog signal will not be reflected with a matching PWM signal. Likewise, if the sample indicates that D2 is high, but D2 is not set to 4 or 5 on the receiving device, then the D2 pin will not be affected by I/O line passing. When a digital output pin is set to something different than its configured value, that pin may return to its configured value after the time specified for the corresponding timer. T0 specifies how long D0 will hold its non-configured value and T1 specifies how long D1 will hold its non-configured value. A value of 0xFF indicates that a pin holds the value of the input of the corresponding device indefinitely and a value less than 0xFF specifies how many tenth second units the pin holds the non-configured value. For PWM outputs, PT timer applies to both PWM0 and PWM1. A value of 0xFF allows the PWM pin to output a duty cycle reflective of the analog input indefinitely and a smaller value indicates how many 10th second units before PWM output reverts to the duty cycle specified by M0 or M1. Output control The IO (Digital Output Level) command controls the output levels of D0 through D7 that are configured as output pins (either 4 or 5). These values override the configured output levels of the pins until they are changed again (the pins do not automatically revert to their configured values after a timeout.) You can use the IO command to trigger a sample on change detect. Sleep support Set SO (Sleep Options) bit 1 to suppress automatic wake-up sampling. When a device wakes, it always performs a sample based on any active ADC or DIO lines. This allows sampling based on the sleep cycle whether it be Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4 or 5) or Pin Sleep (SM = 1). Set the IR (Sample Rate) parameter to gather more samples when awake. For Cyclic Sleep modes: If the IR parameter is set, the device stays awake until the IT (Samples before TX) parameter is met. The device stays awake for ST (Time before Sleep). Sleep modes Sleep modes enable the device to enter states of low-power consumption when not in use. In order to enter Sleep mode, one of the following conditions must be met (in addition to the device having a non-zero SM parameter value): n SLEEP_RQ/DTR (TH pin 9/SMT pin 10) is asserted and the device is in a pin sleep mode (SM = 1, or 5) n The device is idle (no data transmission or reception) for the amount of time defined by the ST (Time before Sleep) parameter. Note ST is only active when SM = 4 or 5. The following table shows the sleep mode configurations. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 75 Operation Sleep support Sleep mode Description SM 0 No sleep SM 1 Pin sleep SM 4 Cyclic sleep SM 5 Cyclic sleep with pin wake-up Pin Sleep mode (SM = 1) Pin Sleep mode minimizes quiescent power (power consumed when in a state of rest or inactivity). This mode is voltage level-activated; when Sleep_RQ (TH pin 9/SMT pin 10) is asserted, the device finishes any transmit, receive or association activities, enters Idle mode, and then enters a state of sleep. The device does not respond to either serial or RF activity while in pin sleep. To wake a sleeping device operating in Pin Sleep mode, de-assert Sleep_RQ. The device wakes when Sleep_RQ is de-asserted and is ready to transmit or receive when the CTS line is low. When waking the device, the pin must be de-asserted at least two 'byte times' after CTS goes low. This assures that there is time for the data to enter the DI buffer. Cyclic Sleep mode (SM = 4) The Cyclic Sleep modes allow devices to periodically check for RF data. When the SM parameter is set to 4, the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is configured to sleep, then wakes once per cycle to check for data from a coordinator. The Cyclic Sleep Remote sends a poll request to the coordinator at a specific interval set by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter. The coordinator transmits any queued data addressed to that specific remote upon receiving the poll request. ON_SLEEP goes high and CTS goes low each time the remote wakes, allowing for communication initiated by the remote host if desired. Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake-up mode (SM = 5) Use this mode to wake a sleeping remote device through either the RF interface or by de-asserting SLEEP_RQ for event-driven communications. The cyclic sleep mode works as described previously with the addition of a pin-controlled wake-up at the remote device. The SLEEP_RQ pin is leveltriggered. The device wakes when a low is detected then set CTS low as soon as it is ready to transmit or receive. Any activity resets the ST (Time before Sleep) timer, so the device goes back to sleep only after there is no activity for the duration of the timer. Once the device wakes (pin-controlled), it ignores further pin activity. The device transitions back into sleep according to the ST time regardless of the state of the pin. Sleep parameters The following AT commands are associated with the sleep modes. See the linked commands for the parameter's description, range and default values. n SM (Sleep Mode) n SO (Sleep Options) n A1 (End Device Association) n ST (Time before Sleep) XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 76 Operation Sleep support n SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) n DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period) Sleep current The following table shows the sleep current during the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module sleep modes. Sleep mode SM command setting Sleep current Pin sleep 1 0—this field contain samples for all enabled digital I/O lines. If no digital lines are configured as inputs or outputs, this field will be omitted. DIO lines that do not have sampling enabled return 0. Bits in this field are arranged the same as they are in the channel mask field. 19 16-bit variable Analog samples (if included) If the sample set includes any analog I/O lines, each enabled analog input returns a 16-bit value indicating the ADC measurement of that input. Analog samples are ordered sequentially from AD0 to AD3. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 145 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions 16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83 Description This frame type is emitted when a device configured with legacy API output— = 2— receives an I/O sample frame from a remote device configured to use 64-bit source addressing—MY = 0xFFFE. Only devices running in API mode will send I/O samples out the serial port. Note This frame format is deprecated and should only be used by customers who require compatibility with legacy Digi RF products. For new designs, we encourage you to use I/O Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 for reception of I/O samples. Format The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame specifications. Frame Field Offset Size Description 0 8-bit Start Delimiter Indicates the start of an API frame. 1 16-bit Length Number of bytes between the length and checksum. 3 8-bit Frame type 16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83 4 16-bit 16-bit source address The sender's 16-bit network address. 6 8-bit RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator. The Hexadecimal equivalent of (-dBm) value. For example if RX signal strength is -40 dBm, then 0x28 (40 decimal) is returned. 7 8-bit Options Bit field of options that apply to the received message: n Bit 0: Reserved n Bit 1: Packet was sent as a broadcast [0x02] n Bit 2: 802.15.4 only - Packet was broadcast across all PANs [0x04] Note Option values may be combined. 8 8-bit Number of samples The number of sample sets included in the payload. 9 16-bit Sample mask Bit field that indicates which I/O lines on the remote are configured as inputs, if any: bit 0: DIO0 bit 1: DIO1 bit 2: DIO2 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 146 Operate in API mode Offset Size Frame descriptions Frame Field Description bit 3: DIO3 bit 4: DIO4 bit 5: DIO5 bit 6: DIO6 bit 7: DIO7 bit 8: DIO8 bit 9: ADC0 bit 10: ADC1 bit 11: ADC2 bit 12: ADC3 bit 13: N/A bit 14: N/A bit 15: N/A Each bit represents either a DIO line or ADC channel. Bit set to 1 if channel is active. 11 16-bit Digital samples (if included) If the sample set includes any digital I/O lines—Digital channel mask > 0— this field contain samples for all enabled digital I/O lines. If no digital lines are configured as inputs or outputs, this field will be omitted. DIO lines that do not have sampling enabled return 0. Bits in this field are arranged the same as they are in the channel mask field. 13 16-bit variable Analog samples (if included) If the sample set includes any analog I/O lines, each enabled analog input returns a 16-bit value indicating the ADC measurement of that input. Analog samples are ordered sequentially from AD0 to AD3. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 147 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Local AT Command Response - 0x88 Request frames: n Local AT Command Request - 0x08 n Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09 Description This frame type is emitted in response to a local AT Command request. Some commands send back multiple response frames; for example, ND (Network Discovery). Refer to individual AT command descriptions for details on API response behavior. This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero. Format The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame specifications. Offset Size Frame Field Description 0 8-bit Start Delimiter Indicates the start of an API frame. 1 16-bit Length Number of bytes between the length and checksum. 3 8-bit Frame type Local AT Command Response - 0x88 4 8-bit Frame ID Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior request. 5 16-bit AT command The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command. 7 8-bit Command status Status code for the host's request: 0 = OK 1 = ERROR 2 = Invalid command 3 = Invalid parameter 8-n variable Command data (optional) If the host requested a command parameter change, this field will be omitted. If the host queried a command by omitting the parameter value in the request, this field will return the value currently set on the device. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). Examples Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 148 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Set local command parameter Host set the NI string of the local device to "End Device" using a 0x08 request frame. The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a response: 7E 00 05 88 01 4E 49 00 DF Frame type Frame ID AT command Command Status Command data 0x88 0xA1 0x4E49 0x00 (omitted) Response Matches request "NI" Success Parameter changes return no data Query local command parameter Host queries the temperature of the local device—TP command—using a 0x08 request frame. The corresponding Local AT Command Response - 0x88 with a matching Frame ID is emitted with the temperature value as a response: 7E 00 07 88 01 54 50 00 FF FE D5 Frame type Frame ID AT command Command Status Command data 0x88 0x17 0x5450 0x00 0xFFFE Response Matches request "TP" Success -2 °C XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 149 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Transmit Status - 0x89 Request frames: n 64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00 n 16-bit Transmit Request - 0x01 Description This frame type is emitted when a transmit request completes. The status field of this frame indicates whether the request succeeded or failed and the reason. This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero. Note Broadcast transmissions are not acknowledged and always return a status of 0x00, even if the delivery failed. Format The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame specifications. Frame Field Offset Size 0 8-bit 1 16-bit Length 3 8-bit Frame type Transmit Status - 0x89 4 8-bit Frame ID Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior request. 5 8-bit Delivery status Complete list of delivery statuses: 0x00 = Success 0x01 = No ACK received 0x02 = CCA failure 0x03 = Indirect message unrequested 0x04 = Transceiver was unable to complete the transmission 0x21 = Network ACK failure 0x22 = Not joined to network 0x2C = Invalid frame values (check the phone number) 0x31 = Internal error 0x32 = Resource error - lack of free buffers, timers, etc. 0x34 = No Secure Session Connection 0x35 = Encryption Failure 0x74 = Message too long 0x76 = Socket closed unexpectedly 0x78 = Invalid UDP port 0x79 = Invalid TCP port 0x7A = Invalid host address Start Delimiter Description Indicates the start of an API frame. Number of bytes between the length and checksum. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 150 Operate in API mode Offset Size Frame descriptions Frame Field Description 0x7B = Invalid data mode 0x7C = Invalid interface. 0x7D = Interface not accepting frames. 0x7E = A modem update is in progress. Try again after the update is complete. 0x80 = Connection refused 0x81 = Socket connection lost 0x82 = No server 0x83 = Socket closed 0x84 = Unknown server 0x85 = Unknown error 0x86 = Invalid TLS configuration (missing file, and so forth) 0x87 = Socket not connected 0x88 = Socket not bound Refer to the tables below for a filtered list of status codes that are appropriate for specific devices. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). Delivery status codes Protocol-specific status codes follow XBee 802.15.4 0x00 = Success 0x01 = No ACK received 0x02 = CCA failure 0x03 = Indirect message unrequested 0x04 = Transceiver was unable to complete the transmission 0x21 = Network ACK failure 0x22 = Not joined to network 0x31 = Internal error 0x32 = Resource error - lack of free buffers, timers, etc. 0x74 = Message too long Examples Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded. Successful transmission Host sent a unicast transmission to a remote device using a 64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00 frame. The corresponding 0x89 Transmit Status with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a response to the request: 7E 00 03 89 52 00 24 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 151 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Frame type Frame ID Delivery status 0x89 0x52 0x00 Response Matches request Success XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 152 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Modem Status - 0x8A Description This frame type is emitted in response to specific conditions. The status field of this frame indicates the device behavior. Format Frame Field Offset Size 0 8-bit 1 16-bit Length 3 8-bit Frame type Modem Status - 0x8A 4 8-bit Modem status Start Delimiter Description Indicates the start of an API frame. Number of bytes between the length and checksum. Complete list of modem statuses: 0x00 = Hardware reset or power up 0x01 = Watchdog timer reset 0x02 = Joined network 0x03 = Left network 0x06 = Coordinator started 0x07 = Network security key was updated 0x0B = Network woke up 0x0C = Network went to sleep 0x0D = Voltage supply limit exceeded 0x0E = Digi Remote Manager connected 0x0F = Digi Remote Manager disconnected 0x11 = Modem configuration changed while join in progress 0x12 = Access fault 0x13 = Fatal error 0x3B = Secure session successfully established 0x3C = Secure session ended 0x3D = Secure session authentication failed 0x3E = Coordinator detected a PAN ID conflict but took no action 0x3F = Coordinator changed PAN ID due to a conflict 0x32 = BLE Connect 0x33 = BLE Disconnect 0x34 = Bandmask configuration failed 0x35 = Cellular component update started 0x36 = Cellular component update failed 0x37 = Cellular component update completed 0x38 = XBee firmware update started 0x39 = XBee firmware update failed 0x3A = XBee firmware update applying 0x40 = Router PAN ID was changed by coordinator due to a conflict 0x42 = Network Watchdog timeout expired 0x80 through 0xFF = Stack error Refer to the tables below for a filtered list of status codes that are XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 153 Operate in API mode Offset Size Frame descriptions Frame Field Description appropriate for specific devices. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). Modem status codes Statuses for specific modem types are listed here. XBee 802.15.4 0x00 = Hardware reset or power up 0x01 = Watchdog timer reset 0x02 = End device successfully associated with a coordinator 0x03 = End device disassociated from coordinator or coordinator failed to form a new network 0x06 = Coordinator formed a new network 0x0D = Voltage supply limit exceeded 0x3B = XBee 3 - Secure session successfully established 0x3C = XBee 3 - Secure session ended 0x3D = XBee 3 - Secure session authentication failed 0x32 = XBee 3 - BLE Connect 0x33 = XBee 3 - BLE Disconnect 0x34 = XBee 3 - No Secure Session Connection Examples Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded. Boot status When a device powers up, it returns the following API frame: 7E 00 02 8A 00 75 Frame type Modem Status 0x8A 0x00 Status Hardware Reset XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 154 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 Request frame: Remote AT Command Request - 0x17 Description This frame type is emitted in response to a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17. Some commands send back multiple response frames; for example, the ND command. Refer to individual AT command descriptions for details on API response behavior. This frame is only emitted if the Frame ID in the request is non-zero. Format The following table provides the contents of the frame. For details on frame structure, see API frame specifications. Offset Size Frame Field Description 0 8-bit Start Delimiter Indicates the start of an API frame. 1 16-bit Length Number of bytes between the length and checksum. 3 8-bit Frame type Remote AT Command Response - 0x97 4 8-bit Frame ID Identifies the data frame for the host to correlate with a prior request. 5 64-bit 64-bit source address The sender's 64-bit address. 13 16-bit Reserved Unused, but this field is typically set to 0xFFFE. 15 16-bit AT command The two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command. 17 8-bit Command status Status code for the host's request: 0x00 = OK 0x01 = ERROR 0x02 = Invalid command 0x03 = Invalid parameter 0x04 = Transmission failure 0x0C = Encryption error 18-n variable Parameter value (optional) If the host requested a command parameter change, this field will be omitted. If the host queried a command by omitting the parameter value in the request, this field will return the value currently set on the device. EOF 8-bit Checksum 0xFF minus the 8-bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte (between length and checksum). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 155 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Examples Each example is written without escapes (AP = 1) and all bytes are represented in hex format. For brevity, the start delimiter, length, and checksum fields have been excluded. Set remote command parameter Host set the NI string of a remote device to "Remote" using a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17. The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a response: 7E 00 0F 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 12 7E 4E 49 00 51 Frame type Frame ID 0x97 0x27 Response Matches request 64-bit source 0x0013A200 12345678 Reserved AT command Command Status Command data 0x127E 0x4E49 0x00 (omitted) Unused "NI" Success Parameter changes return no data Transmission failure Host queued the the PAN ID change of a remote device using a Remote AT Command Request - 0x17. Due to existing network congestion, the host will retry any failed attempts. The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted as a response: 7E 00 0F 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 49 44 04 EA Frame type Frame ID 0x97 0x27 Response Matches request 64-bit source 0x0013A200 12345678 Reserved AT command Command Status Command data 0xFFFE 0x4944 0x04 (omitted) Unused "ID" Transmission failure Parameter changes return no data Query remote command parameter Query the temperature of a remote device—. The corresponding 0x97 Remote AT Command Response with a matching Frame ID is emitted with the temperature value as a response: 7E 00 11 97 27 00 13 A2 00 12 34 56 78 FF FE 54 50 00 00 2F A8 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 156 Operate in API mode Frame descriptions Frame type Frame ID 0x97 0x27 Response Matches request 64-bit source Reserved 0x0013A200 12345678 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide AT command Command Status Command data 0x0013A200 12345678 0x4944 0x00 0x002F Unused "TP" Success +47 °C 157 Regulatory information United States (FCC) Europe (CE) ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) Australia (RCM) South Korea IFETEL (Mexico) XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 159 174 176 178 178 182 158 Regulatory information United States (FCC) United States (FCC) XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required. To fulfill FCC Certification, the OEM must comply with the following regulations: 1. The system integrator must ensure that the text on the external label provided with this device is placed on the outside of the final product. 2. RF Modules may only be used with antennas that have been tested and approved for use with the modules. OEM labeling requirements WARNING! As an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) you must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met. You must include a clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure that displays the following content: Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee-PRO S2C SMT RF Module Contains FCC ID: MCQ-PS2CSM This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee S2C TH RF Module Contains FCC ID: MCQ-S2CTH This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee-PRO S2C TH RF Module Contains FCC ID: MCQ-PS2CTH This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1.) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2.) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC notices IMPORTANT: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules have been certified by the FCC for use with other products without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Modifications not expressly approved by Digi could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. IMPORTANT: OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section 15.107 & 15.109) before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. IMPORTANT: The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications. If the module will be used for portable applications, the device must undergo SAR testing. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 159 Regulatory information United States (FCC) radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna, Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver, Connect equipment and receiver to outlets on different circuits, or Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 160 The XBee and XBee-PRO RF Modules can be installed using antennas and cables constructed with non-standard connectors (RPSMA, RPTNC, etc.) An adapter cable may be necessary to attach the XBee connector to the antenna connector. The modules are FCC approved for fixed base station and mobile applications for the channels indicated in the tables below. If the antenna is mounted at least 25 cm (10 in) from nearby persons, the application is considered a mobile application. Antennas not listed in the table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 (Unique Antenna Connectors) and Section 15.247 (Emissions). The antennas in the tables below have been approved for use with this module. Cable loss is required when using gain antennas as shown in the tables. Digi does not carry all of these antenna variants. Contact Digi Sales for available antennas. Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) All antenna part numbers followed by an asterisk (*) are not available from Digi. Consult with an antenna manufacturer for an equivalent option. XBee S2C SMT RF module The following table shows the antennas approved for use with the XBee S2C SMT RF module. Required antenna cable loss (dB) Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 Integral antennas 29000313 Integral PCB antenna 0.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-QI Monopole (Integrated whip) 1.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-HASM-450 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-HABSM* Dipole (Articulated RPSMA) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A 29000095 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A Dipole antennas 161 United States (FCC) A24-HABUF-P5I Dipole (Half-wave articulated bulkhead mount U.FL. w/ 5” pigtail) Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 A24-HASM-525 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 5.25") 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A Omni-directional antennas A24-F2NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F3NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 3.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F5NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 5.0 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F8NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 8.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 0.1 A24-F9NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 9.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 1.6 A24-F10NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 2.1 A24-F12NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.1 A24-W7NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A N/A A24-M7NF Omni-directional (Mag-mount base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A N/A A24-F15NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 15.0 Fixed 2m 1.1 1.1 7.1 A24-P8SF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 6.1 A24-P8NF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 6.1 A24-P13NF Flat Panel 13.0 Fixed 2m N/A 3.1 10.6 A24-P14NF Flat Panel 14.0 Fixed 2m N/A 4.1 11.6 A24-P15NF Flat Panel 15.0 Fixed 2m N/A 5.1 12.6 A24-P16NF Flat Panel 16.0 Fixed 2m N/A 6.1 13.6 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) Panel antennas United States (FCC) 162 Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 A24-P19NF Flat Panel 19.0 Fixed 2m 1.1 9.1 16.6 A24-Y6NF Yagi (6-element) 8.8 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 3.9 A24-Y7NF Yagi (7-element) 9.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.1 A24-Y9NF Yagi (9-element) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 5.1 A24-Y10NF Yagi (10-element) 11.0 Fixed 2m N/A 0.6 6.1 A24-Y12NF Yagi (12-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A 1.6 7.1 A24-Y13NF Yagi (13-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A 1.6 7.1 A24-Y15NF Yagi (15-element) 12.5 Fixed 2m N/A 2.1 7.6 A24-Y16NF Yagi (16-element) 13.5 Fixed 2m N/A 3.1 8.6 A24-Y16RM Yagi (16-element, RPSMA connector) 13.5 dBi Fixed 2m N/A 3.1 8.6 A24-Y18NF Yagi (18-element) 15.0 Fixed 2m 1.1 4.6 10.1 Yagi antennas Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) United States (FCC) 163 The following table shows the antennas approved for use with the XBee S2C TH RF Module. Required antenna cable loss (dB) Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide XBee S2C TH RF Module Integral antennas 29000294 Integral PCB antenna -0.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-QI Monopole (Integrated whip) 1.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A Dipole antennas A24-HASM450 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-HABSM Dipole (Articulated RPSMA) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A 29000095 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-HABUFP5I Dipole (Half-wave articulated bulkhead mount U.FL. w/ 5” pigtail) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-HASM525 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 5.25") 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A Omni-directional antennas Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F3NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 3.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F5NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 5.0 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A N/A A24-F8NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 8.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A N/A 164 United States (FCC) A24-F2NF Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 A24-F9NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 9.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 0.9 A24-F10NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 1.4 A24-F12NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 3.4 A24-W7NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A N/A A24-M7NF Omni-directional (Mag-mount base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A N/A A24-F15NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 15.0 Fixed 2m 0.4 0.4 6.4 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) Panel antennas A24-P8SF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.9 A24-P8NF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.9 A24-P13NF Flat Panel 13.0 Fixed 2m N/A 3.4 9.4 A24-P14NF Flat Panel 14.0 Fixed 2m N/A 4.4 10.4 A24-P15NF Flat Panel 15.0 Fixed 2m N/A 5.4 11.4 A24-P16NF Flat Panel 16.0 Fixed 2m N/A 6.4 12.4 A24-P19NF Flat Panel 19.0 Fixed 2m 0.4 9.4 15.4 Yagi antennas Yagi (6-element) 8.8 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.7 A24-Y7NF Yagi (7-element) 9.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 4.9 A24-Y9NF Yagi (9-element) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A 0.4 5.9 A24-Y10NF Yagi (10-element) 11.0 Fixed 2m N/A 1.4 6.9 165 United States (FCC) A24-Y6NF Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 11-24 Channel 25 Channel 26 A24-Y12NF Yagi (12-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A 2.4 7.9 A24-Y13NF Yagi (13-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A 2.4 7.9 A24-Y15NF Yagi (15-element) 12.5 Fixed 2m N/A 2.9 8.4 A24-Y16NF Yagi (16-element) 13.5 Fixed 2m N/A 3.9 9.4 A24-Y16RM Yagi (16-element, RPSMA connector) 13.5 Fixed 2m N/A 3.9 9.4 A24-Y18NF Yagi (18-element) 15.0 Fixed 2m 0.4 5.4 10.9 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) United States (FCC) 166 The following table shows the antennas approved for use with the XBee-PRO S2C SMT RF Module. Required antenna cable loss (dB) Part Number Type (Description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min Separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide XBee-PRO S2C SMT RF Module Internal antennas 29000313 Integral PCB antenna 0.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-QI Monopole (Integrated whip) 1.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A Dipole antennas A24-HASM450 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HABSM Dipole (Articulated RPSMA) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A 29000095 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HABUFP5I Dipole (Half-wave articulated bulkhead mount U.FL. w/ 5” pigtail) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HASM525 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 5.25") 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A Omni-directional antennas Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F3NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 3.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F5NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 5.0 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F8NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 8.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 167 United States (FCC) A24-F2NF Type (Description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min Separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† A24-F9NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 9.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F10NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 10 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F12NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 12 Fixed 2m N/A 1.6 A24-W7NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-M7NF Omni-directional (Mag-mount base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F15NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 15.0 Fixed 2m 1.1 4.6 Part Number Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) Panel antennas A24-P8SF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A 2.1 A24-P8NF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A 2.1 A24-P13NF Flat Panel 13.0 Fixed 2m 2.7 6.6 A24-P14NF Flat Panel 14.0 Fixed 2m 3.7 7.6 A24-P15NF Flat Panel 15.0 Fixed 2m 4.7 8.6 A24-P16NF Flat Panel 16.0 Fixed 2m 5.7 9.6 A24-P19NF Flat Panel 19.0 Fixed 2m 8.7 12.6 A24-Y6NF Yagi (6-element) 8.8 Fixed 2m N/A 1.9 A24-Y7NF Yagi (7-element) 9.0 Fixed 2m N/A 2.1 A24-Y9NF Yagi (9-element) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A 3.1 A24-Y10NF Yagi (10-element) 11.0 Fixed 2m 0.6 4.1 Yagi antennas United States (FCC) 168 Type (Description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min Separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† A24-Y12NF Yagi (12-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m 1.6 5.1 A24-Y13NF Yagi (13-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m 1.6 5.1 A24-Y15NF Yagi (15-element) 12.5 Fixed 2m 2.1 5.6 A24-Y16NF Yagi (16-element) 13.5 Fixed 2m 3.1 6.6 A24-Y16RM Yagi (16-element, RPSMA connector) 13.5 Fixed 2m 3.1 6.6 A24-Y18NF Yagi (18-element) 15.0 Fixed 2m 4.6 8.1 Part Number Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) United States (FCC) 169 The following table shows the antennas approved for use with the XBee-PRO S2C TH RF Module. Required antenna cable loss (dB) Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide XBee-PRO S2C TH RF Module Integral antennas 29000294 Integral PCB antenna -0.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-QI Monopole (Integrated whip) 1.5 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A Dipole antennas A24-HASM450 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HABSM Dipole (Articulated RPSMA) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A 29000095 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 4.5”) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HABUFP5I Dipole (Half-wave articulated bulkhead mount U.FL. w/ 5” pigtail) 2.1 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A A24-HASM525 Dipole (Half-wave articulated RPSMA - 5.25") 2.1 Fixed/ Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A Omni-directional antennas Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 2.1 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F3NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 3.0 Fixed/Mobile 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F5NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 5.0 Fixed 25 cm N/A N/A A24-F8NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 8.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A 170 United States (FCC) A24-F2NF Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† A24-F9NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 9.5 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F10NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F12NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 12.0 Fixed 2m N/A 1.4 A24-W7NF Omni-directional (base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-M7NF Omni-directional (Mag-mount base station) 7.2 Fixed 2m N/A N/A A24-F15NF Omni-directional (Fiberglass base station) 15.0 Fixed 2m 0.4 4.4 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) Panel antennas A24-P8SF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A 0.4 A24-P8NF Flat Panel 8.5 Fixed 2m N/A 0.4 A24-P13NF Flat Panel 13 Fixed 2m 2.4 4.9 A24-P14NF Flat Panel 14 Fixed 2m 3.4 5.9 A24-P15NF Flat Panel 15.0 Fixed 2m 4.4 6.9 A24-P16NF Flat Panel 16.0 Fixed 2m 5.4 7.9 A24-19NF Flat Panel 19.0 Fixed 2m 8.4 10.9 A24-Y6NF Yagi (6-element) 8.8 Fixed 2m N/A 1.2 A24-Y7NF Yagi (7-element) 9.0 Fixed 2m N/A 1.4 A24-Y9NF Yagi (9-element) 10.0 Fixed 2m N/A 2.4 A24-Y10NF Yagi (10-element) 11.0 dBi Fixed 2m 0.4 3.4 Yagi antennas United States (FCC) 171 Part number Type (description) Gain (dBi) Application* Min. separation Channels 1123† Channel 24† A24-Y12NF Yagi (12-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m 1.4 4.4 A24-Y13NF Yagi (13-element) 12.0 Fixed 2m 1.4 4.4 A24-Y15NF Yagi (15-element) 12.5 Fixed 2m 1.9 4.9 A24-Y16NF Yagi (16-element) 13.5 Fixed 2m 2.9 5.9 A24-Y16RM Yagi (16-element, RPSMA connector) 13.5 Fixed 2m 2.9 5.9 A24-Y18NF Yagi (18-element) 15.0 Fixed 2m 4.4 7.4 Regulatory information XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide Required antenna cable loss (dB) * If using the RF module in a portable application (for example - if the module is used in a handheld device and the antenna is less than 25 cm from the human body when the device is in operation): The integrator is responsible for passing additional SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) testing based on FCC rules 2.1091 and FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, OET Bulletin and Supplement C. The testing results will be submitted to the FCC for approval prior to selling the integrated unit. The required SAR testing measures emissions from the module and how they affect the person. † Although certified to operate on channels 11-24, currently this product only supports channels 12-23. United States (FCC) 172 Regulatory information United States (FCC) RF exposure If you are an integrating the XBee into another product, you must include the following Caution statement in OEM product manuals to alert users of FCC RF exposure compliance: CAUTION! To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile transmitting devices, a separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during device operation. To ensure compliance, operations at closer than this distance are not recommended. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be colocated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. FCC publication 996369 related information In publication 996369 section D03, the FCC requires information concerning a module to be presented by OEM manufacturers. This section assists in answering or fulfilling these requirements. 2.1 General No requirements are associated with this section. 2.2 List of applicable FCC rules This module conforms to FCC Part 15.247. 2.3 Summarize the specific operational use conditions Certain approved antennas require attenuation for operation. For the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module, see FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz). Host product user guides should include the antenna table if end customers are permitted to select antennas. 2.4 Limited module procedures Not applicable. 2.5 Trace antenna designs While it is possible to build a trace antenna into the host PCB, this requires at least a Class II permissive change to the FCC grant which includes significant extra testing and cost. If an embedded trace antenna is desired, select the XBee module variant with the preferred antenna. 2.6 RF exposure considerations For RF exposure considerations see RF exposure and FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz). Host product manufacturers need to provide end-users a copy of the “RF Exposure” section of the manual: RF exposure. 2.7 Antennas A list of approved antennas is provided for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules. See FCCapproved antennas (2.4 GHz). XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 173 Regulatory information Europe (CE) 2.8 Label and compliance information Host product manufacturers need to follow the sticker guidelines outlined in OEM labeling requirements. 2.9 Information on test modes and additional testing requirements Contact a Digi sales representative for information on how to configure test modes for the XBee/XBeePRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. 2.10 Additional testing, Part 15 Subpart B disclaimer All final host products must be tested to be compliant to FCC Part 15 Subpart B standards. While the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 module was tested to be complaint to FCC unintentional radiator standards, FCC Part 15 Subpart B compliance testing is still required for the final host product. This testing is required for all end products, and XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 module Part 15 Subpart B compliance does not affirm the end product’s compliance. See FCC notices for more details. Europe (CE) The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules (non-PRO variants) have been tested for use in several European countries. For a complete list, refer to www.digi.com/resources/certifications. If XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are incorporated into a product, the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product with articles 3.1a and 3.1b of the Radio Equipment Directive. A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in the Radio Equipment Directive. Furthermore, the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module user guide documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings, antenna specifications, and/or installation requirements as specified in the user guide. Maximum power and frequency specifications For the through-hole device: n Maximum power: 9.82 mW (9.92 dBm) Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) at normal condition. n Frequencies: 5 MHz channel spacing, beginning at 2405 MHz and ending at 2480 MHz. For the surface-mount device: n Maximum power: 12.65 mW (11.02 dBm) EIRP. n Frequencies: 5 MHz channel spacing, beginning at 2405 MHz and ending at 2480 MHz. CE and UKCA OEM labeling requirements The CE and UKCA markings must be clearly visible and legible when you affix it to the product. If this is not possible, you must attach these marks to the packaging (if any) or accompanying documents. CE labeling requirements The “CE” marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product. The following figure shows CE labeling requirements. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 174 Regulatory information Europe (CE) The CE mark shall consist of the initials “CE” taking the following form: n If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged, the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be respected. n The CE marking must have a height of at least 5 mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus. n The CE marking must be affixed visibly, legibly, and indelibly. UK Conformity Assessed (UKCA) labeling requirements See guidance/using-the-ukca-marking for further details. You must make sure that: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 175 Regulatory information ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) n if you reduce or enlarge the size of your marking, the letters forming the UKCA marking must be in proportion to the version set out below n the UKCA marking is at least 5 mm in height – unless a different minimum dimension is specified in the relevant legislation n the UKCA marking is easily visible, legible (from 1 January 2023 it must be permanently attached) n the UKCA marking can take different forms (for example, the colour does not have to be solid), as long as it remains visible, legible and maintains the required proportions. Important note Digi customers assume full responsibility for learning and meeting the required guidelines for each country in their distribution market. Refer to the radio regulatory agency in the desired countries of operation for more information. Listen Before Talk requirement The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module must be configured to comply with the Listen Before Talk (LBT) requirements in the EN 300 328 standard. This can be accomplished by one of the following options: 1. Set the PL command to 3 (6 dBm) or lower, which ensures that the maximum transmitter power is under the limit at which LBT is required. or 2.  Set the CA command as described in CA (CCA Threshold) to enable LBT at the required noise threshold level. Declarations of conformity Digi has issued Declarations of Conformity for the XBee RF Modules concerning emissions, EMC, and safety. For more information, see www.digi.com/resources/certifications. Antennas The following antennas have been tested and approved for use with the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module: All antenna part numbers followed by an asterisk (*) are not available from Digi. Consult with an antenna manufacturer for an equivalent option. n Dipole (2.1 dBi, Omni-directional, Articulated RPSMA, Digi part number A24-HABSM) n PCB Antenna (0.0 dBi) n Monopole Whip (1.5 dBi) ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) Labeling requirements Labeling requirements for Industry Canada are similar to those of the FCC. A clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 176 Regulatory information ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) For XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module Contains Model PS2CSM Radio, IC: 1846A-PS2CSM The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003. For XBee S2C surface-mount Contains Model XBee S2C Radio, IC: 1846A-XBS2C The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003. For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount Contains Model PS2CSM Radio, IC: 1846A-PS2CSM The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003. For XBee S2C through-hole Contains Model S2CTH Radio, IC: 1846A-S2CTH The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003. For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole Contains Model PS2CTH Radio, IC: 1846A-PS2CTH The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003. Transmitters for detachable antennas This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the tables in FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. Le présent émetteur radio a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur. Detachable antenna Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 177 Regulatory information Australia (RCM) potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire àl'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante. Firmware Version Identification number (FVIN) XBee S2C 802.15.4 firmware versions are 2xxx or 9xxx. FVIN can be read electronically by sending the ATVR command to the device. Australia (RCM) XBee S2C 802.15.4 and XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 modules comply with requirements to be used in end products in Australia and New Zealand. All products with EMC and radio communications must have registered RCM and R-NZ marks. Registration to use the compliance mark will only be accepted from Australia or New Zealand manufacturers or importers, or their agents. In order to have a RCM or R-NZ mark on an end product, a company must comply with a or b below. a. Have a company presence in Australia or New Zealand. b. Have a company/distributor/agent in Australia or New Zealand that will sponsor the importing of the end product. Contact Digi for questions related to locating a contact in Australia and New Zealand. South Korea The low-power XBee S2C TH and XBee S2C devices have received South Korean approvals. To show conformity to the certificate, you must add a label with the South Korean product information to the XBee S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. For the through-hole device, you can place the label on the reverse side. Recommended label material: Abraham Technical (700342) MFG P/N TAAE-014250. The label size is: 15.9 mm x 15.9 mm (0.625 in x 0.625 in) The complete label information is as follows: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 178 Regulatory information South Korea The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall. The text shown in the label is: 1. 모델명 : XBee S2C TH 2. 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C-TH 3. 인증자상호 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. 4. 제조자/제조국가 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. / 미국 If the label size does not accommodate the required content, you can use abbreviated information, as follows: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 179 Regulatory information South Korea The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall. The text shown on the label is: 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C-TH For the surface-mount version, the label will overlay the existing product label. CAUTION! By placing a label over the existing label, the certifications for Europe (CE), Australia, New Zealand (RCM), and Japan will no longer apply. Recommended label material: Abraham Technical TELT-000465. The label size is: 15.9 mm x 20.3 mm (0.625 in x 0.8 in) The complete label information is as follows: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 180 Regulatory information South Korea The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall. The text shown in the label is: 1. 모델명 : XBee S2C 2. 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C 3. 인증자상호 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. 4. 제조자/제조국가 : DIGI INTERNATIONAL, INC. / 미국 If the label size does not accommodate the required content, you can use the abbreviated information, as follows: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 181 Regulatory information IFETEL (Mexico) The KCC logo must be at least 5 mm tall. The text shown in the label is: 인증번호 : MSIP-CRM-DIG-XBee-S2C IFETEL (Mexico) Mexico does not have a “modular” approval for radio products. If XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are integrated into a product, the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product with all the requirements of Mexican regulations. Manufacturer: Digi International Country: USA Brand: Digi The Tariff Code (HS) for all XBee/XBee-PRO S2C radio modules is 8517-62-15. Model: PS2CSM (XBee-Pro S2C surface-mount) IFETEL (IFT) number RCPDIPS19-1817-A1 applies to these XBee-Pro S2C radios: XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 182 Regulatory information IFETEL (Mexico) XBP24CZ7UIS-004 XBP24CZ7PIS-004 XBP24CZ7RIS-004 XBP24CZ7UISB003 XBP24CZ7PISB003 XBP24CZ7RISB003 XBP24CAUIS-001 XBP24CAPIS-001 XBP24CARIS-001 XBP24CDMUIS-001 XBP24CDMPIS-001 XBP24CDMRIS-001 Model: PS2CTH (XBee-Pro S2C through-hole) IFETEL (IFT) number RCPDIPS19-1817 applies to these XBee-Pro S2C radios: XBP24CZ7UITB003A XBP24CZ7UITB003B XBP24CZ7UITB003C XBP24CZ7WITB003A XBP24CZ7WIT-004 XBP24CZ7UIT-004 XBP24CZ7SIT-004 XBP24CZ7PIT-004 XBP24CZ7WITB003 XBP24CZ7UITB003 XBP24CZ7SITB003 XBP24CZ7PITB003 XBP24CAWIT-001 XBP24CAUIT-001 XBP24CASIT-001 XBP24CAPIT-001 XBP24CDMWIT-001 XBP24CDMUIT-001 XBP24CDMSIT-001 XBP24CDMPIT-001 Model: XBEE S2C (XBee S2C surface-mount) IFETEL (IFT) number RCPDIXB19-1821 applies to these S2C radios: XB24CZ7UIS-004 XB24CZ7PIS-004 XB24CZ7RIS-004 XB24CZ7UISB003 XB24CZ7PISB003 XB24CZ7RISB003 XB24CAUIS-001 XB24CAPIS-001 XB24CARIS-001 XB24CDMUIS-001 XB24CDMPIS-001 XB24CDMRIS-001 Model: S2CTH (XBee S2C through-hole) IFETEL (IFT) number RCPDIS219-1821-A1 applies to these S2C radios: XB24CZ7WIT-004, XB24CZ7UIT-004, XB24CZ7SIT-004, XB24CZ7PIT-004, XB24CZ7WITB003, XB24CZ7UITB003, XB24CZ7SITB003, XB24CZ7PITB003, XB24CAWIT-001, XB24CAUIT-001, XB24CASIT-001, XB24CAPIT-001, XB24CDMWIT-001, XB24CDMUIT-001, XB24CDMSIT-001, XB24CDMPIT-001 OEM labeling requirements WARNING! The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that Mexico IFT labeling requirements are met. The IFETEL number for the XBee product must be listed either on the end product, on the packaging, in the manual, or in the software with the following phrase, substituting the IFT number for the XBee S2C product you are using for the XXXXXXXXX-XXXX: “Este equipo contiene el módulo XBee con Número IFETEL: XXXXXXXXX-XXXX” or XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 183 Regulatory information IFETEL (Mexico) “Este equipo contiene el módulo XBee con IFT #: XXXXXXXXX-XXXX” The following paragraph must also be present in the User Manual for the end product: “La operación de este equipo está sujeta a las siguientes dos condiciones: (1) es posible que este equipo o dispositivo no cause interferencia perjudicial y (2) este equipo o dispositivo debe aceptar cualquier interferencia, incluyendo la que pueda causar su operación no deseada.” XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 184 Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices Background Load 802.15.4 firmware XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 186 186 185 Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices Background Background Our XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF modules are built on the same hardware as the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module. It is possible to load 802.15.4 firmware on existing ZB modules. The table below shows which part numbers are compatible with 802.15.4 firmware. Note Currently the 802.15.4 firmware is approved for use only in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Japan. You can find region-specific regulatory information for the firmware in Regulatory information. CAUTION! The antenna cable loss requirements for the 802.15.4 firmware are different than the ZB firmware for gain antennas exceeding 2.1 dBi. If you migrate a ZB device to 802.15.4 firmware, and are using gain antennas, you must adhere to the cable loss requirements found in Regulatory information. XBee/XBee-PRO ZB S2C part numbers Revision Form factor Hardware version (HV) XB24CZ7PIS-004 XB24CZ7RIS-004 XB24CZ7UIS-004 All XBee SMT 0x22 XB24CZ7PIT-004 XB24CZ7SIT-004 XB24CZ7UIT-004 XB24CZ7WIT-004 All XBee TH 0x2E XBP24CZ7PIS-004 XBP24CZ7RIS-004 XBP24CZ7UIS-004 Rev L (and later) XBee SMT 0x30 XBP24CZ7PIT-004 XBP24CZ7SIT-004 XBP24CZ7UIT-004 XBP24CZ7WIT-004 All XBee TH 0x2D In addition to the differences between the 802.15.4 and Zigbee protocols, some of the operational features are different between the two firmware versions. For example, the XBee-PRO 802.15.4 supports fewer channels than the Zigbee firmware. It is important that you read and understand this user guide before developing with the 802.15.4 firmware. Load 802.15.4 firmware To load 802.15.4 firmware on an existing ZB module, use the following instructions. You must use the serial interface to perform this update. The device does not support OTA updates for changing 802.15.4 to ZB firmware or vice versa. 1. Verify that your device's part number (listed on the label) is included in the list shown in Background. 2. Install the device in a Digi development board and connect it to your PC. 3. The next steps involve loading firmware using XCTU. To download XCTU and read detailed instructions about it, go to: https://www.digi.com/products/xbee-rf-solutions/xctu-software/xctu XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 186 Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices Load 802.15.4 firmware 4. When you get to the Update firmware dialog box, in the Function set area, click the 802.15.4 option, and the newest firmware version. 5. Click Update and follow the instructions. 6. When the updating process successfully completes, your device runs 802.15.4 firmware. You can change back to Zigbee firmware at any time by following the same process and selecting the Zigbee firmware option instead. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 187 Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices We designed the XBee surface-mount and through-hole devices to be compatible with each other and offer the same basic feature set. The surface-mount form factor has more I/O pins. Because the XBee device was originally offered in only the through-hole form factor, we offer this section to help you migrate from the through-hole to the surface-mount form factor. Pin mapping Mount the devices XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 189 190 188 Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices Pin mapping Pin mapping The following table shows the pin mapping for the surface-mount (SMT) pins to the through-hole (TH) pins. The pin names are from the XBee S2C SMT device. SMT Pin # Name 1 GND 2 VCC 1 3 DOUT 2 4 DIN/CONFIG 3 5 [Reserved] 4 6 RESET 5 7 PWM0/RSSI PWM 6 8 PWM1 7 9 [Reserved] 8 10 DI8/SLEEP_RQ/DTR 9 11 GND 10 12 SPI_ATTN /BOOTMODE 13 GND 14 SPI_CLK 15 SPI_SSEL 16 SPI_MOSI 17 SPI_MISO 18 [Reserved] 19 [Reserved] 20 [Reserved] 21 [Reserved] 22 GND 23 [Reserved] 24 DIO4 11 25 DIO7/CTS 12 26 On/SLEEP 13 27 VREF 14 XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide TH Pin # 189 Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices Mount the devices SMT Pin # Name TH Pin # 28 DIO5/ASSOC 15 29 DIO6/RTS 16 30 DIO3/AD3 17 31 DIO2/AD2 18 32 DIO1/AD1 19 33 DIO0/AD0 20 34 [Reserved] 35 GND 36 RF 37 [Reserved] Mount the devices One important difference between the SMT and TH devices is the way they mount to a printed circuit board (PCB). Each footprint requires different mounting techniques. We designed a footprint that allows you to attach either device to a PCB. The following drawing shows the layout. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 190 Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices Mount the devices The round holes in the diagram are for the TH design, and the semi-oval pads are for the SMT design. Pin 1 of the TH design is lined up with pad 1 of the SMT design, but the pins are actually offset by one pad; see Pin mapping. By using diagonal traces to connect the appropriate pins, the layout will work for both devices. PCB design and manufacturing contains information on attaching the SMT device. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 191 PCB design and manufacturing The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module is designed for surface-mount on the OEM PCB. It has castellated pads to allow for easy solder attach inspection. The pads are all located on the edge of the module, so there are no hidden solder joints on these modules. Recommended solder reflow cycle Recommended footprint and keepout Flux and cleaning Rework XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 193 193 195 195 192 PCB design and manufacturing Recommended solder reflow cycle Recommended solder reflow cycle The following table provides the recommended solder reflow cycle. The table shows the temperature setting and the time to reach the temperature; it does not show the cooling cycle. Time (seconds) Temperature (degrees C) 30 65 60 100 90 135 120 160 150 195 180 240 210 260 The maximum temperature should not exceed 260 °C. The device will reflow during this cycle, and therefore must not be reflowed upside down. Take care not to jar the device while the solder is molten, as this can remove components under the shield from their required locations. Hand soldering is possible and should be performed in accordance with approved standards. The device has a Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) of 3. When using this product, consider the relative requirements in accordance with standard IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. In addition, note the following conditions: a. Calculated shelf life in sealed bag: 12 months at < 40 °C and < 90% relative humidity (RH). b. Environmental condition during the production: 30 °C /60% RH according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD033C, paragraphs 5 through 7. c. The time between the opening of the sealed bag and the start of the reflow process cannot exceed 168 hours if condition b) is met. d. Baking is required if conditions b) or c) are not met. e. Baking is required if the humidity indicator inside the bag indicates a RH of 10% more. f. If baking is required, bake modules in trays stacked no more than 10 high for 4-6 hours at 125 °C. Recommended footprint and keepout We recommend that you use the following PCB footprints for surface-mounting. The dimensions without brackets are in inches, and those in brackets are in millimeters. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 193 PCB design and manufacturing Recommended footprint and keepout While the underside of the module is mostly coated with solder resist, we recommend that the copper layer directly below the module be left open to avoid unintended contacts. Copper or vias must not interfere with the three exposed RF test points on the bottom of the module (see below). Furthermore, these modules have a ground plane in the middle on the back side for shielding purposes, which can be affected by copper traces directly below the module. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 194 PCB design and manufacturing Flux and cleaning Flux and cleaning We recommend that you use a “no clean” solder paste in assembling these devices. This eliminates the clean step and ensures that you do not leave unwanted residual flux under the device where it is difficult to remove. In addition: n Cleaning with liquids can result in liquid remaining under the device or in the gap between the device and the host PCB. This can lead to unintended connections between pads. n The residual moisture and flux residue under the device are not easily seen during an inspection process. Rework CAUTION! Any modification to the device voids the warranty coverage and certifications. Rework should never be performed on the module itself. The module has been optimized to give the best possible performance, and reworking the module itself will void warranty coverage and certifications. We recognize that some customers will choose to rework and void the warranty; the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 195 PCB design and manufacturing Rework following information is given as a guideline in such cases to increase the chances of success during rework, though the warranty is still voided. The module may be removed from the OEM PCB by the use of a hot air rework station, or hot plate. Care should be taken not to overheat the module. During rework, the module temperature may rise above its internal solder melting point and care should be taken not to dislodge internal components from their intended positions. XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 196