Wildcat (BL2000)
C-Programmable Single-Board Computer with Ethernet
User’s Manual
019–0094
• 090529–O
Wildcat (BL2000) User’s Manual
Part Number 019-0094 • 090529–O • Printed in U.S.A.
©2001–2009 Digi International Inc. • All rights reserved.
No part of the contents of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means
without the express written permission of Digi International.
Permission is granted to make one or more copies as long as the copyright page contained therein is
included. These copies of the manuals may not be let or sold for any reason without the express written
permission of Digi International.
Digi International reserves the right to make changes and
improvements to its products without providing notice.
Trademarks
Rabbit and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of Digi International Inc.
Rabbit 2000 is a trademark of Digi International Inc.
The latest revision of this manual is available on the Rabbit Web site, www.rabbit.com,
for free, unregistered download.
Digi International Inc.
www.rabbit.com
Wildcat (BL2000)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Introduction
1
1.1 BL2000 Description..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 BL2000 Features...................................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Connector Options ........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools......................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Tool Kit .........................................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Software ........................................................................................................................................4
1.4 CE Compliance .....................................................................................................................................5
1.4.1 Design Guidelines .........................................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Interfacing the BL2000 to Other Devices .....................................................................................6
Chapter 2. Getting Started
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
7
BL2000 Connections ............................................................................................................................7
Installing Dynamic C ..........................................................................................................................10
Starting Dynamic C ............................................................................................................................11
PONG.C..............................................................................................................................................12
Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................12
Chapter 3. Subsystems
13
3.1 BL2000 Pinouts ..................................................................................................................................14
3.1.1 Headers and Screw Terminals.....................................................................................................15
3.1.2 Power Supply Pins ......................................................................................................................16
3.2 Digital I/O ...........................................................................................................................................17
3.2.1 Digital Inputs...............................................................................................................................17
3.2.2 Digital Outputs............................................................................................................................19
3.3 Relay Outputs .....................................................................................................................................21
3.4 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................22
3.4.1 RS-232 ........................................................................................................................................22
3.4.2 RS-485 ........................................................................................................................................22
3.4.3 Ethernet Port ...............................................................................................................................24
3.4.4 Programming Port .......................................................................................................................25
3.5 A/D Converter Inputs..........................................................................................................................27
3.6 D/A Converter Outputs.......................................................................................................................28
3.7 Memory...............................................................................................................................................30
3.7.1 SRAM .........................................................................................................................................30
3.7.2 Flash Memory .............................................................................................................................30
3.8 Programming Cable ............................................................................................................................31
3.8.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode ....................................................................31
3.9 Other Hardware...................................................................................................................................32
3.9.1 External Interrupts.......................................................................................................................32
3.9.2 Clock Doubler .............................................................................................................................32
3.9.3 Spectrum Spreader ......................................................................................................................33
Chapter 4. Software
35
4.1 An Overview of Dynamic C ...............................................................................................................35
4.1.1 Upgrading Dynamic C ................................................................................................................37
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4.2 Sample Programs................................................................................................................................ 38
4.2.1 General BL2000 Sample Programs ............................................................................................ 38
4.2.2 Digital I/O................................................................................................................................... 38
4.2.3 Serial Communication ................................................................................................................ 39
4.2.4 A/D Converter Inputs ................................................................................................................. 39
4.2.5 D/A Converter Outputs............................................................................................................... 40
4.2.6 Real-Time Clock ........................................................................................................................ 40
4.2.7 TCP/IP Sample Programs........................................................................................................... 40
4.3 BL2000 Libraries ............................................................................................................................... 41
4.4 BL2000 Function Calls ...................................................................................................................... 42
4.4.1 Board Initialization ..................................................................................................................... 42
4.4.2 Digital I/O................................................................................................................................... 44
4.4.3 Serial Communication ................................................................................................................ 45
4.4.4 Relay and LED Outputs.............................................................................................................. 46
4.4.5 A/D Converter Inputs ................................................................................................................. 47
4.4.6 D/A Converter Outputs............................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 5. Using the TCP/IP Features
53
5.1 TCP/IP Connections........................................................................................................................... 53
5.2 TCP/IP Sample Programs................................................................................................................... 55
5.2.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs..................................................................... 55
5.2.2 How to Set Up your Computer’s IP Address for a Direct Connection ...................................... 56
5.3 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program................................................................................................ 57
5.4 Running More Sample Programs With a Direct Connection ............................................................. 58
5.5 Where Do I Go From Here? ............................................................................................................... 58
Appendix A. Specifications
59
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications.......................................................................................... 60
A.1.1 Headers ...................................................................................................................................... 63
A.2 Conformal Coating ............................................................................................................................ 64
A.3 Jumper Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 65
A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports ..................................................................................................... 67
Appendix B. Plastic Enclosure
69
B.1 Assembly ........................................................................................................................................... 70
B.2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................ 72
Appendix C. Power Supply
73
C.1 Power Supplies .................................................................................................................................. 73
C.1.1 Power for Analog Circuits ......................................................................................................... 74
C.2 Batteries and External Battery Connections...................................................................................... 74
C.2.1 Replacing the Backup Battery ................................................................................................... 75
C.2.2 Battery-Backup Circuit .............................................................................................................. 75
C.2.3 Power to VRAM Switch ............................................................................................................ 76
C.2.4 Reset Generator.......................................................................................................................... 77
C.3 Chip Select Circuit............................................................................................................................. 78
Appendix D. Demonstration Board
81
D.1 Connecting Demonstration Board ..................................................................................................... 81
Index
85
Schematics
89
Wildcat (BL2000)
1. INTRODUCTION
The BL2000 is a high-performance, C-programmable singleboard computer that offers built-in digital and analog I/O combined with Ethernet connectivity in a compact form factor. A
Rabbit® 2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz provides
fast data processing. An optional plastic enclosure is available,
and may be wall-mounted or panel-mounted.
1.1 BL2000 Description
The BL2000 is an advanced single-board computer that incorporates the powerful Rabbit
2000 microprocessor, flash memory, static RAM, digital I/O ports, A/D converter inputs,
D/A converter outputs, an SPDT relay output, and a 10Base-T Ethernet port.
1.2 BL2000 Features
y Rabbit® 2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz.
c 128K static RAM and 256K flash memory.
c Up to 28 digital I/O:
11 protected digital inputs (plus up to 7 dual-purpose unbuffered analog inputs that
may be software-configured for use as digital inputs) and 10 high-current digital
sinking outputs that may be factory-configured as sourcing outputs.
c 11 analog channels: nine 12-bit A/D converter inputs, two 12-bit D/A converter outputs.
c Onboard SPDT relay.
c One RJ-45 Ethernet port compliant with IEEE 802.3 standard for 10Base-T Ethernet
protocol.
c Eight status LEDs.
c 4 serial ports (2 RS-232 or 1 RS-232 with RTS/CTS, 1 RS-485, and 1 CMOS-compatible programming port).
c Real-time clock.
c Watchdog supervisor.
c Voltage regulator.
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c Backup battery.
c Ability to send e-mail and serve Web pages containing embedded data from singleboard computer.
c Remote program downloading and debugging capability via RabbitLink.
c Boards with the CE mark are CE-compliant.
c Optional plastic enclosure (can be wall-mounted or panel-mounted) and LED light
pipes (enclosure and light pipes are included with the Tool Kit, and are also sold separately).
Appendix A provides detailed specifications.
Four models of the BL2000 are available. Their standard features are summarized in
Table 1.
Table 1. BL2000 Series Features
Model
Features
BL2000
Full-featured single-board computer.
BL2010
BL2000 with eleven 10-bit A/D converter inputs (no D/A
converter outputs).
BL2020
BL2000 without Ethernet interface, only 6 LEDs.
BL2030
BL2010 without Ethernet interface, only 6 LEDs.
1.2.1 Connector Options
In addition to the standard screw-terminal connectors supplied on BL2000 boards, IDC
headers, bottom-mount connectors, and polarized friction-lock terminals may be factoryinstalled instead. Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com or contact your Rabbit sales representative or authorized distributor for further information.
2
Standard screw terminals, accept
up to 14 AWG (1.5 mm2) wire
“Bottom-mount connector” to
mount BL2000 directly on 0.1"
pitch pins located on motherboard
2 × 17 IDC headers, 0.1" pitch
Polarized friction-lock terminals,
0.1" pitch
Wildcat (BL2000)
1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools
1.3.1 Tool Kit
A Tool Kit contains the hardware essentials you will need to use your own BL2000 singleboard computer. The items in the Tool Kit and their use are as follows:
c Getting Started instructions.
c Dynamic C CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.
c Programming cable, used to connect your PC serial port to the BL2000.
c Universal AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A (includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z.,
U.K., and European style plugs).
c Demonstration Board with pushbutton switches and LEDs. The Demonstration Board
can be hooked up to the BL2000 to demonstrate the I/O.
c Wire assembly to connect Demonstration Board to BL2000.
c Plastic enclosure with four screws and eight customer-installable light pipes.
c Screwdriver.
c Rabbit 2000 Processor Easy Reference poster.
c Registration card.
Figure 1. BL2000 Tool Kit
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1.3.2 Software
The BL2000 is programmed using version 7.04 or later of Rabbit’s Dynamic C. A compatible version is included on the Tool Kit CD-ROM. Dynamic C v. 9.60 includes the popular
µC/OS-II real-time operating system, point-to-point protocol (PPP), FAT file system,
RabbitWeb, and other select libraries that were previously sold as individual Dynamic C
modules.
Rabbit also offers for purchase the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack featuring the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) and a specific Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) library. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephonebased technical support subscription is also available for purchase. Visit our Web site at
www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation, or contact your
Rabbit sales representative or authorized distributor.
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Wildcat (BL2000)
1.4 CE Compliance
Equipment is generally divided into two classes.
CLASS A
CLASS B
Digital equipment meant for light industrial use
Digital equipment meant for home use
Less restrictive emissions requirement:
less than 40 dB µV/m at 10 m
(40 dB relative to 1 µV/m) or 300 µV/m
More restrictive emissions requirement:
30 dB µV/m at 10 m or 100 µV/m
These limits apply over the range of 30–230 MHz. The limits are 7 dB higher for frequencies above 230 MHz. Although the test range goes to 1 GHz, the emissions from Rabbitbased systems at frequencies above 300 MHz are generally well below background noise
levels.
The BL2000 single-board computer has been tested and was found to
be in conformity with the following applicable immunity and emission
standards. The BL2010, BL2020, and BL2030 single-board computers
are also CE qualified as they are sub-versions of the BL2000 singleboard computer. Boards that are CE-compliant have the CE mark.
NOTE: Earlier versions of the BL2000 sold before 2003 that do not have the CE mark
are not CE-compliant.
Immunity
The BL2000 series of single-board computers meets the following EN55024/1998 immunity standards.
c EN61000-4-3 (Radiated Immunity)
c EN61000-4-4 (EFT)
c EN61000-4-6 (Conducted Immunity)
Additional shielding or filtering may be required for a heavy industrial environment.
Emissions
The BL2000 series of single-board computers meets the following emission standards
using the enhanced-EMI PCB, Part# 175-0224 Rev. A, and the 668-0003 Rev. A Rabbit
2000 microprocessor.
c EN55022:1998 Class B
c FCC Part 15 Class B
Your results may vary, depending on your application, so additional shielding or filtering
may be needed to maintain the Class B emission qualification.
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1.4.1 Design Guidelines
Note the following requirements for incorporating the BL2000 series of single-board computers into your application to comply with CE requirements.
General
c The power supply provided with the Tool Kit is for development purposes only. It is the
customer’s responsibility to provide a CE-compliant power supply for the end-product
application.
c When connecting the BL2000 single-board computer to outdoor cables, the customer is
responsible for providing CE-approved surge/lighting protection.
c Rabbit recommends placing digital I/O or analog cables that are 3 m or longer in a
metal conduit to assist in maintaining CE compliance and to conform to good cable
design practices.
c When installing or servicing the BL2000, it is the responsibility of the end-user to use
proper ESD precautions to prevent ESD damage to the BL2000.
Safety
c All inputs and outputs to and from the BL2000 series of single-board computers must
not be connected to voltages exceeding SELV levels (42.4 V AC peak, or 60 V DC).
c The lithium backup battery circuit on the BL2000 single-board computer has been
designed to protect the battery from hazardous conditions such as reverse charging and
excessive current flows. Do not disable the safety features of the design.
1.4.2 Interfacing the BL2000 to Other Devices
Since the BL2000 series of single-board computers is designed to be connected to other
devices, good EMC practices should be followed to ensure compliance. CE compliance is
ultimately the responsibility of the integrator. Additional information, tips, and technical
assistance are available from your authorized Rabbit distributor, and are also available on
our Web site at www.rabbit.com.
6
Wildcat (BL2000)
2. GETTING STARTED
Chapter 2 explains how to connect the programming cable and
power supply to the BL2000.
2.1 BL2000 Connections
1. Attach the BL2000 to the plastic enclosure base.
Position the BL2000 over the plastic enclosure base as shown below in Figure 2. Attach
the BL2000 to the base at the top left and bottom right positions using the two 4-40 × ¼
screws supplied with the enclosure.
Figure 2. Attach BL2000 to Plastic Enclosure Base
The plastic enclosure base facilitates handling the BL2000 during development, and provides an attractive mounting alternative. Alternatively, you may wish to use standoffs to
protect the components on the other side of the board. The plastic enclosure is offered as a
separate option when individual BL2000 boards are purchased.
NOTE: Appendix B, “Plastic Enclosure,” provides additional information and specifications
for the plastic enclosure.
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2. Connect the programming cable to download programs from your PC and to debug the
BL2000.
Connect the 10-pin PROG connector of the programming cable to header J5 on the BL2000.
Ensure that the colored edge lines up with pin 1 as shown. (Do not use the DIAG connector,
which is used for a normal serial connection.) Connect the other end of the programming
cable to a COM port on your PC.
Figure 3. Programming Cable Connections
NOTE: Never disconnect the programming cable by pulling on the ribbon cable. Carefully
pull on the connector to remove it from the header.
NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use an
RS-232/USB converter (Part No. 20-151-0178) with the programming cable supplied with
the Tool Kit. Note that not all RS-232/USB converters work with Dynamic C.
8
Wildcat (BL2000)
3. Connect the power supply.
First, prepare the AC adapter for the country where it will be used by selecting the plug.
The BL2000 Tool Kit presently includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z., U.K., and
European style plugs. Snap in the top of the plug assembly into the slot at the top of the
AC adapter as shown in Figure 4, then press down on the spring-loaded clip below the
plug assembly to allow the plug assembly to click into place.
Connect the bare ends of the power supply to the +RAW and GND positions on screwterminal header J2 as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Power Supply Connection
4. Apply power.
Plug in the AC adapter. If you are using your own power supply, it must provide 9 V to 40 V
DC—voltages outside this range could damage the BL2000.
CAUTION: Unplug the power supply while you make or otherwise work with the connections
to the headers. This will protect your BL2000 from inadvertent shorts or power spikes.
NOTE: The green PWR LED and the red BAD LED on the opposite end of the board
should come on, indicating that the BL2000 is now ready to be used.
NOTE: A hardware RESET is done by unplugging the AC adapter, then plugging it back in,
or by momentarily grounding the board reset input at pin 9 on screw-terminal header J2.
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2.2 Installing Dynamic C
If you have not yet installed Dynamic C version 7.04 (or a later version), do so now by
inserting the Dynamic C CD in your PC’s CD-ROM drive. The CD will auto-install unless
you have disabled auto-install on your PC.
If the CD does not auto-install, click Start > Run from the Windows Start button and
browse for the Dynamic C WIXYTI\I file on your CD drive. Click OK to begin the
installation once you have selected the WIXYTI\I file.
The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the documentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the
menu. If the icon is missing, create a new desktop icon that points to default.htm in the
docs folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.
The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download
from our web sites as well.
The Dynamic C User’s Manual provides detailed instructions for the installation of
Dynamic C and any future upgrades.
NOTE: If you have an earlier version of Dynamic C already installed, the default installation
of the later version will be in a different folder, and a separate icon will appear on your desktop.
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Wildcat (BL2000)
2.3 Starting Dynamic C
Once the BL2000 is connected to your PC and to a power source, start Dynamic C by
double-clicking on the Dynamic C icon on your desktop or in your Start menu.
Dynamic C defaults to using the serial port on your PC that you specified during installation. If the port setting is correct, Dynamic C should detect the BL2000 and go through a
sequence of steps to cold-boot the BL2000 and to compile the BIOS. (Some versions of
Dynamic C will not do the initial BIOS compile and load until the first time you compile a
program.)
If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the BL2000, choose Options >
Project Options and select “Use USB to Serial Converter.” Click OK.
If you receive the message 2S6EFFMX4VSGIWWSV(IXIGXIH, the programming
cable may be connected to the wrong COM port, a connection may be faulty, or the target
system may not be powered up. First, check both ends of the programming cable to ensure
that it is firmly plugged into the PC and the programming port.
If there are no faults with the hardware, select a different COM port within Dynamic C.
From the Options menu, select Communications. Select another COM port from the list,
then click OK. Press to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C
still reports it is unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate the
active COM port. You should receive a &MSWGSQTMPIHWYGGIWWJYPP] message
once this step is completed successfully.
If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communication error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your
PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum
download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.
c Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.
If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can
begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud
rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.
c Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.
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2.4 PONG.C
You are now ready to test your set-up by running a sample program.
Find the file 432+', which is in the Dynamic C 7%140)7 folder. To run the program,
open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), compile it using the Compile menu, and
then run it by selecting Run in the Run menu. The STDIO window will open and will display a small square bouncing around in a box.
This program does not test the serial ports, the I/O, or the TCP/IP part of the board, but
does ensure that the board is basically functional. The sample program described in
Section 5.3, “Run the PINGME.C Sample Program,” tests the TCP/IP portion of the
board.
2.5 Where Do I Go From Here?
NOTE: If you purchased your BL2000 through a distributor or Rabbit partner, contact the
distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
c Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
c Check the Rabbit Technical Bulletin Board and forums at www.rabbit.com/support/bb/
and at www.rabbit.com/forums/.
c Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to explore other BL2000 features and develop your own applications.
Chapter 3, “Subsystems,” provides a description of the BL2000’s features, Chapter 4,
“Software,” describes the Dynamic C software libraries and introduces some sample programs, and Chapter 5, “Using the TCP/IP Features,” explains the TCP/IP features.
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Wildcat (BL2000)
3. SUBSYSTEMS
Chapter 3 describes the principal subsystems for the BL2000.
• Digital I/O
• Relay Outputs
• Serial Communication
• A/D Converter Inputs
• D/A Converter Outputs
• Memory
• External Interrupts
Figure 5 shows these Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the BL2000.
Figure 5. BL2000 Subsystems
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3.1 BL2000 Pinouts
The BL2000 pinouts are shown in Figure 6(a) and Figure 6(b).
Figure 6(a). BL2000 Pinouts (screw-terminal headers)
14
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.1.1 Headers and Screw Terminals
All BL2000 models are equipped with 1 × 12 screw terminal strips (J2, J4, J8, and J9) and
a 2-pin power jack (J7). The BL2000 and BL2010 also have the RJ-45 Ethernet jack (J6).
There is provision on the circuit board to accommodate one of the following types of
connectors instead of the screw-terminal strips.
c 2 × 17 IDC headers with a pitch of 0.1".
c 1 × 17 friction-lock connectors with a pitch of 0.1".
c 1 × 17 bottom-mount sockets with a pitch of 0.1". The holes for the bottom-mount
sockets are on the “outside” edges of the connector locations
The pinouts for these connectors are shown in Figure 6(b).
Figure 6(b). BL2000 Pinouts (other 0.1" headers)
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3.1.2 Power Supply Pins
Instead of connecting an AC adapter to the power supply jack, J7, the input power supply
(9 V to 40 V DC) may be connected to pins 12 and 11 on header J2 (see Figure 6(a) or
Figure 6(b)).
Pin 12 on header J9 or J10 is normally GND by factory default, but may be changed to
Vcc by removing resistor R161 and installing resistor R160. See Appendix C, “Power
Supply,” for more information on this configuration and for information on backupbattery options.
16
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.2 Digital I/O
3.2.1 Digital Inputs
The BL2000 has 11 digital inputs, IN0–IN10, each of which is protected over a range of
–36 V to +36 V. The inputs are factory-configured to be pulled up to +5 V, but they can
also be pulled down by moving the surface-mounted jumper at JP6 as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7(a). BL2000 Digital Inputs [Pulled Up—JP6(1–2) connected]
Figure 7(b). BL2000 Digital Inputs [Pulled Down—JP6(2–3) connected]
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Figure 7(c). Example of Logic Gate Driving BL2000 Digital Input
The actual switching threshold is approximately 2.40 V for channels IN0–IN10. Anything
below this value is a logic 0, and anything above is a logic 1 .
The A/D converter inputs can be used as additional digital inputs using the parameters
specified for the HMK-R software function call. The default threshold for channels IN11–
IN21 is also set to 2.40 V, but may be changed by adding two lines to your program as discussed for the HMK-R software function call.
The digital inputs are each fully protected over a range of -36 V to +36 V, and can handle
short spikes of ±40 V.
Figure 8. BL2000 Digital Input Protected Range
18
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.2.2 Digital Outputs
The BL2000 has 10 digital outputs, OUT0–OUT9, each of which can either sink or source
up to 200 mA, depending on how the outputs are configured. On boards that carry the CE
mark, OUT8 and OUT9 are each capable of sinking up to 750 mA.
Each output can be configured individually as either a sinking or a sourcing output as shown
in Figure 9. The outputs can be pulled as a group to Vcc, +K, or GND through 27 k resistors. Tie the outputs high to either Vcc or +K when using the outputs as sinking outputs (via
0 resistors at R32 or R35 respectively), or tie the outputs to GND via R34 when using the
outputs as sourcing outputs. +K is an externally supplied voltage of up to 40 V DC, and is
used primarily in combination with current sourcing outputs, and must also be connected to
an external supply when an inductive load is connected to a sinking output.
NOTE: Remove the 27 k resistors (R143–R150) from the output circuits if no pullup/down is required to avoid leakage between the outputs. These resistors are located
on the bottom side of the BL2000 board above the solder points for screw terminal
header J9.
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Figure 9. BL2000 Digital Outputs
The locations of the output pull-up/pull-down select resistors R32, R34, and R35 are
shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10. Locations of Resistors R32, R34, and R35
All BL2000 models are factory-configured with sinking outputs and pull-up resistors tied
to Vcc via a 0 resistor at R32.
20
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.3 Relay Outputs
Figure 11 shows the BL2000 relay contact connections. A diode across the coil provides a
return path for inductive spikes, and snubbers across the relay contacts protect the relay
contacts from inductive spikes.
Figure 11. BL2000 Relay Output Contact Connections
The relay is driven by PA0, which is the same Rabbit 2000 parallel port that drives OUT0
and LED DS4. OUT0 therefore works in parallel with the relay output.
The relay included on the BL2000 has contacts rated for 1 A @ 30 V DC or 300 mA @
120 V AC. When using the BL2000 in a CE-certified application, the voltages handled by
the relay must not exceed SELV levels (42.4 V AC peak, or 60 V DC).
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3.4 Serial Communication
The BL2000 has one RS-232 serial channel (with RTS/CTS) or two RS-232 (3-wire)
channels, one RS-485 serial channel, and one CMOS serial channel. The RS-232 channel(s) are configured with the WIV1SHI software function call. Table 2 summarizes the
options.
Table 2. Serial Communication Configurations
Mode
Serial Port
B
C
D
0
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-485
1
RS-232, 5-wire
CTS/RTS
RS-485
All four serial ports operate in an asynchronous mode. An asynchronous port can handle 7
or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an additional bit is sent to mark the first
byte of a message, is also supported. Serial Port A can be operated alternately in the
clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock line synchronously clocks the data in or out.
Either of the two communicating devices can supply the clock. The BL2000 series boards
typically use all four ports in the asynchronous serial mode. Serial Ports B and C are used
for RS-232 communication, and Serial Port D is used for RS-485 communication. The
BL2000 uses an 11.0592 MHz crystal, which is doubled to 22.1184 MHz. At this frequency, the BL2000 supports standard baud rates up to a maximum of 230,400 bps.
3.4.1 RS-232
The BL2000 RS-232 serial communication is supported by an RS-232 transceiver, U1. U1
provides the voltage output, slew rate, and input voltage immunity required to meet the
RS-232 serial communication protocol. Basically, the chip translates the Rabbit 2000’s
CMOS/TTL signals to RS-232 signal levels. Note that the polarity is reversed in an
RS-232 circuit so that a +5 V output becomes approximately -10 V and 0 V is output as
+10 V. U1 also provides the proper line loading for reliable communication.
RS-232 can be used effectively at this baud rate for distances up to 15 m.
3.4.2 RS-485
The BL2000 has one RS-485 serial channel, which is connected to the Rabbit 2000 Serial
Port D through U8, an RS-485 transceiver.
230,400
,
which allows for a network of up to 300 m (or 1000 ft). The half-duplex communication
uses the Rabbit 2000’s PB6 pin to control the transmit enable on the communication line.
The BL2000 can be used in an RS-485 multidrop network. Connect the 485+ to 485+ and
485– to 485– using single twisted-pair wires (nonstranded, tinned) as shown in Figure 12.
Note that a common ground is recommended.
22
Wildcat (BL2000)
Figure 12. Multidrop BL2000 Network
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The BL2000 comes with a 220 termination resistor and two 681 bias resistors installed
and enabled with jumpers across pins 1–2 and 3–4 on header JP1, as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13. RS-485 Termination and Bias Resistors
The bias and termination resistors in a multidrop network should only be enabled on both
end nodes of the network. Disable the termination and bias resistors on the intervening
BL2000 units in the network by removing both jumpers from header JP1.
3.4.3 Ethernet Port
Figure 14 shows the pinout for the Ethernet port (J6). Note that there are two standards for
numbering the pins on this connector—the convention used here, and numbering in reverse
to that shown. Regardless of the numbering convention followed, the pin positions relative
to the spring tab position (located at the bottom of the RJ-45 jack in Figure 14) are always
absolute, and the RJ-45 connector will work properly with off-the-shelf Ethernet cables.
Figure 14. RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout
RJ-45 pinouts are sometimes numbered opposite to the way shown in Figure 14.
24
Wildcat (BL2000)
The transformer/connector assembly ground is connected to the BL2000 printed circuit
board digital ground via a 0 resistor “jumper,” R1, as shown in Figure 15.
Figure 15. Isolation Resistor R1
The factory default is for the 0 resistor “jumper” at R1 to be installed. In high-noise
environments, it may be useful to ground the transformer/connector assembly directly
through the chassis ground. This will be especially helpful to minimize ESD and/or EMI
problems. Once you have removed the 0 resistor “jumper,” R1, use a ring lug to attach
the BL2000 to the chassis ground, thereby grounding the transformer/connector assembly.
A convenient position for the ring lug has been provided at the top-left mounting screw
hole near the RJ-45 jack as shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16. Recommended Location for Ring Lug
3.4.4 Programming Port
The BL2000 has a 10-pin programming header labeled J5. The programming port uses the
Rabbit 2000’s Serial Port A for communication. Dynamic C uses the programming port to
download and debug programs.
The programming port is also used for the following operations.
c Cold-boot the Rabbit 2000 after a reset.
c Remotely download and debug a program over an Ethernet connection using the
RabbitLink EG2110.
c Fast copy designated portions of flash memory from one Rabbit-based board (the
master) to another (the slave) using the Rabbit Cloning Board.
User’s Manual
25
Alternate Uses of the Serial Programming Port
All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as
c a synchronous serial port
c an asynchronous serial port, with the clock line usable as a general CMOS input
The serial programming port may also be used as a serial port via the DIAG connector on
the serial programming cable.
In addition to Serial Port A, the Rabbit 2000 startup-mode (SMODE0, SMODE1), status,
and reset pins are available on the serial programming port.
The two startup mode pins determine what happens after a reset—the Rabbit 2000 is
either cold-booted or the program begins executing at address 0x0000. These two
SMODE pins can be used as general inputs once the cold boot is complete.
The status pin is used by Dynamic C to determine whether a Rabbit microprocessor is
present. The status output has three different programmable functions:
1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.
2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.
3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output.
The /RESET_IN pin is an external input that is used to reset the Rabbit 2000 and the
onboard peripheral circuits on the RabbitCore module. The serial programming port can be
used to force a hard reset on the RabbitCore module by asserting the /RESET_IN signal.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information.
26
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.5 A/D Converter Inputs
The single 14-channel A/D converter used in the BL2000 has a resolution of 12 bits (models
BL2000 and BL2020) or 10 bits (models BL2010 and BL2030). Eleven of the 14 channels
are available externally, and three are used internally for the reference voltages: 4.096 V
(Vref), 2.048 V (Vref/2), and Analog Ground. These internal voltages can be used to check
the functioning of the A/D converter.
The A/D converter only measures voltages between 0 V and the applied reference voltage.
Therefore, each external input has circuitry that provides scaling and buffering. The first
four external inputs are scaled and buffered to provide the user with an input impedance of
1 M and a range of -10.24 V to +10.24 V. The remaining five or seven inputs are not
buffered, but are scaled to provide inputs that can range from 0 V to +49 V.
Figure 17 shows the buffered A/D converter inputs.
Figure 17. Buffered A/D Converter Inputs
The op-amp is powered from the +V supply. The 1 M and 200 k resistors set the gain
(scale factor), which is 0.2 in this case. This results in a dynamic input range of 4.096 V ÷
0.2 or 20.48 V. The center point of this range is set by the 1.707 V reference voltage. With
the reference set to 1.707 V, the center point is at 0 V and the input voltage can range from
-10.24 V to +10.24 V. To maintain the best accuracy, the input range should be limited to
-10.0 V to +10.0 V.
The five or seven unbuffered inputs have an impedance of 12 k and a scale factor of
0.0833, which provides for an input voltage range of 0 V to 49.15 V. Accuracy is maintained over the specified voltage range from 0 V to 48 V DC.
The analog inputs can also be used as digital inputs when required. In this case a lower
quality 10-bit D/A converter can be used, and the software would assign a 1 or 0 to a voltage based on whether it is above or below a particular threshold. See the HMK-R function
description for more information.
User’s Manual
27
3.6 D/A Converter Outputs
Figure 18 shows the analog voltage reference circuit.
Figure 18. Analog Reference Voltages
This circuit generates the 4.096 V reference voltage, which is used by the A/D converter
and optionally by the two D/A converters. This sets the operating range of the A/D converter and the D/A converters (0–4.096 V). To use the full accuracy of the A/D converter
and the D/A converters, this voltage must be accurate to the same degree.
Under normal operation, the 453 resistor is not installed. The reference zener diode in
combination with the 100 resistor form a shunt regulator. The 4.096 V reference voltage
then feeds the A/D converter, the D/A converters, and the voltage divider composed of the
10 k and the 14 k resistors. The voltage divider generates a second reference voltage of
1.707 V to feed the four op-amps for the buffered A/D converter inputs.
The reference voltage can be ratiometric rather than absolute. This is done by removing
the zener diode and installing the 453 resistor. With this arrangement, the reference
voltages follow changes in the power supply voltages Vcc and V+, which is a filtered version of Vcc. This type of measurement circuit is preferred by some customers whose sensors are powered from the Vcc supply and hence the outputs track Vcc.
A jumper on header JP3 allows the D/A converters to be powered either from the 4.096 V
reference (factory default) or from the analog supply +V. The D/A converters use their
power source also as the reference input, so normally powering the D/A converters from
the more accurate 4.096 V reference is best. However, should a customer desire more
dynamic range (0–5 V rather than 0–4.096 V), the jumper across JP3 can be set to power
the D/A converters from +V. When powered from the +V supply, the outputs of the D/A
converters will always be ratiometric, independent of whether the zener diode is installed.
28
Wildcat (BL2000)
Only the BL2000 and the BL2020 models are stuffed with D/A converters. The D/A converters provide only a voltage output. This means that in order to maintain the maximum
accuracy of the D/A converters, only a small amount of current should be drawn from the
D/A converter output (of the order of µA).
With D/A converters installed, the user has the option of using an unbuffered A/D converter input to read the output of a D/A converter or one of the two fixed voltages +V or
Vcc. The standard BL2000 configuration is for A/D converter channels 9 and 10 to monitor D/A converter channels 0 and 1 respectively.
Figure 19 shows the D/A converter outputs with buffer amplifiers, which may be used to
increase the D/A converter output voltage range to 0 V to +10 V.
Figure 19. D/A Converter Outputs
User’s Manual
29
3.7 Memory
Section A.3, “Jumper Configurations,” shows where the 0
described in this section are found.
surface-mounted “jumpers”
3.7.1 SRAM
The BL2000 is designed to accept 128K to 512K of SRAM packaged in an SOIC case.
The standard models come with 128K of SRAM. Table 3 lists the jumper settings for the
jumpers used to set the SRAM size. The “jumpers” are 0
surface-mounted resistors.
Table 3. Memory Jumper Selections
SRAM (JP5)
Flash Memory (JP4)
1–2
128K
1–2
128K/256K
2–3
512K
2–3
512K
3.7.2 Flash Memory
The BL2000 is also designed to accept 128K to 512K of flash memory packaged in a
TSOP case.
The BL2000 comes with one 256K flash memory. Table 3 lists the jumper settings for the
jumpers used to set the SRAM size. The “jumpers” are 0
surface-mounted resistors.
NOTE: Rabbit recommends that any customer applications should not be constrained by
the sector size of the flash memory since it may be necessary to change the sector size
in the future.
A Flash Memory Bank Select jumper configuration option exists at JP2 with 0
surfacemounted resistors. This option, used in conjunction with some configuration macros,
allows Dynamic C to compile two different co-resident programs for the upper and lower
halves of the 256K flash in such a way that both programs start at logical address 0000.
This is useful for applications that require a resident download manager and a separate
downloaded program. See Technical Note 218, Implementing a Serial Download Manager for a 256K Flash, for details.
30
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.8 Programming Cable
The programming cable is used to connect the BL2000’s programming port to a PC serial
COM port. The programming cable converts the RS-232 voltage levels used by the PC
serial port to the TTL voltage levels used by the Rabbit 2000.
When the PROG connector on the programming cable is connected to the BL2000’s
programming header, programs can be downloaded and debugged over the serial interface.
The DIAG connector of the programming cable may be used on the BL2000’s programming
header with the BL2000 operating in the Run Mode. This allows the programming port to
be used as a regular serial port.
3.8.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode
The BL2000 is automatically in Program Mode when the PROG connector on the programming cable is attached to the BL2000, and is automatically in Run Mode when no
programming cable is attached. When the Rabbit 2000 is reset, the operating mode is
determined by the status of the SMODE pins. When the programming cable’s PROG
connector is attached, the SMODE pins are pulled high, placing the Rabbit 2000 in the
Program Mode. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is not attached, the
SMODE pins are pulled low, causing the Rabbit 2000 to operate in the Run Mode.
Figure 20. BL2000 Program Mode and Run Mode Setup
A program “runs” in either mode, but can only be downloaded and debugged when the
Jackrabbit is in the Program Mode.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information on the programming port and the programming cable.
User’s Manual
31
3.9 Other Hardware
3.9.1 External Interrupts
BL2000 boards with a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor labeled IQ3T or higher have external
interrupts available on digital inputs IN2 and IN3. Older BL2000 boards (Rabbit 2000
microprocessors labeled IQ2T) have one external interrupt available—see Technical Note
TN301, Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor Interrupt Problem, for further information on how
to use this interrupt on the older boards.
3.9.2 Clock Doubler
The BL2000 takes advantage of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler.
A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency crystals to be used to reduce radiated emissions. The 22.1 MHz frequency is generated using an 11.0592 MHz crystal. The clock
doubler is disabled automatically in the BIOS for crystals with a frequency above
12.9 MHz.
The clock doubler may be disabled if 22.1 MHz clock speeds are not required. Disabling
the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler will reduce power consumption
and further reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a simple configuration macro as shown below.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Add the line '03'/C(39&0)(! to always disable the clock doubler.
The clock doubler is enabled by default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to
specify that the clock doubler is always enabled, add the line '03'/C(39&0)(! to
always enable the clock doubler. The clock speed will be doubled as long as the crystal
frequency is less than or equal to 26.7264 MHz.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are
in the project file where you defined the macro.
32
Wildcat (BL2000)
3.9.3 Spectrum Spreader
BL2000 boards that carry the CE mark have a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor that features a
spectrum spreader, which helps to mitigate EMI problems. By default, the spectrum
spreader is on automatically for BL2000 boards that carry the CE mark when used with
Dynamic C 7.32 or later versions, but the spectrum spreader may also be turned off or set
to a stronger setting. The means for doing so is through a simple configuration macro as
shown below.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Normal spreading is the default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to specify
normal spreading, add the line
)2%&0)C746)%()6!
For strong spreading, add the line
)2%&0)C746)%()6!
To disable the spectrum spreader, add the line
)2%&0)C746)%()6!
NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is unnecessary for the BL2000.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The spectrum spreader will now remain off whenever you
are in the project file where you defined the macro.
There is no spectrum spreader functionality for BL2000 boards that do not carry the CE
mark or when using any BL2000 with a version of Dynamic C prior to 7.30.
User’s Manual
33
34
Wildcat (BL2000)
4. SOFTWARE
Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing
embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is
designed for use with Rabbit-based single-board computers and
other devices based on the Rabbit microprocessor.
Chapter 4 provides the libraries, function calls, and sample programs related to the BL2000.
4.1 An Overview of Dynamic C
Dynamic C has been in use worldwide since 1989. It is specially designed for programming embedded systems, and features quick compile and interactive debugging. A complete reference guide to Dynamic C is contained in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the data
SRAM included on the Jackrabbit. The flash memory and SRAM options are selected
with the Options > Project Options > Compiler menu.
The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on the flash memory, which is limited
to about 100,000 write cycles. The disadvantage is that the code and data might not both
fit in RAM.
NOTE: An application can be developed in RAM, but cannot run standalone from RAM
after the programming cable is disconnected. All standalone applications can only run
from flash memory.
NOTE: Do not depend on the flash memory sector size or type. Due to the volatility of
the flash memory market, the Jackrabbit and Dynamic C were designed to accommodate flash devices with various sector sizes.
Developing software with Dynamic C is simple. Users can write, compile, and test C and
assembly code without leaving the Dynamic C development environment. Debugging
occurs while the application runs on the target. Alternatively, users can compile a program
to an image file for later loading. Dynamic C runs on PCs under Windows 95 and later.
Programs can be downloaded at baud rates of up to 460,800 bps after the program
compiles.
User’s Manual
35
Dynamic C has a number of standard features:
c Full-feature source and/or assembly-level debugger, no in-circuit emulator required.
c Royalty-free TCP/IP stack with source code and most common protocols.
c Hundreds of functions in source-code libraries and sample programs:
Exceptionally fast support for floating-point arithmetic and transcendental functions.
RS-232 and RS-485 serial communication.
Analog and digital I/O drivers.
I2C, SPI, GPS, file system.
LCD display and keypad drivers.
c Powerful language extensions for cooperative or preemptive multitasking
c Loader utility program to load binary images into Rabbit-based targets in the absence
of Dynamic C.
c Provision for customers to create their own source code libraries and augment on-line
help by creating “function description” block comments using a special format for
library functions.
c Standard debugging features:
Breakpoints—Set breakpoints that can disable interrupts.
Single-stepping—Step into or over functions at a source or machine code level, µC/OS-II aware.
Code disassembly—The disassembly window displays addresses, opcodes, mnemonics, and
machine cycle times. Switch between debugging at machine-code level and source-code level by
simply opening or closing the disassembly window.
Watch expressions—Watch expressions are compiled when defined, so complex expressions
including function calls may be placed into watch expressions. Watch expressions can be updated
with or without stopping program execution.
Register window—All processor registers and flags are displayed. The contents of general registers
may be modified in the window by the user.
Stack window—shows the contents of the top of the stack.
Hex memory dump—displays the contents of memory at any address.
STDIO window—TVMRXJ outputs to this window and keyboard input on the host PC can be
detected for debugging purposes. TVMRXJ output may also be sent to a serial port or file.
36
Wildcat (BL2000)
4.1.1 Upgrading Dynamic C
4.1.1.1 Patches and Bug Fixes
Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. Check the Web
site www.rabbit.com/support/ for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.
The default installation of a patch or bug fix is to install the file in a directory (folder) different from that of the original Dynamic C installation. Rabbit recommends using a different directory so that you can verify the operation of the patch without overwriting the
existing Dynamic C installation. If you have made any changes to the BIOS or to libraries,
or if you have programs in the old directory (folder), make these same changes to the
BIOS or libraries in the new directory containing the patch. Do not simply copy over an
entire file since you may overwrite a bug fix; of course, you may copy over any programs
you have written. Once you are sure the new patch works entirely to your satisfaction, you
may retire the existing installation, but keep it available to handle legacy applications.
4.1.1.2 Upgrades
Dynamic C installations are designed for use with the board they are included with, and
are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits. Dynamic C is a complete software
development system, but does not include all the Dynamic C features. Rabbit also offers
add-on Dynamic C modules containing the popular C/OS-II real-time operating system,
as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and other select libraries. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephonebased technical support module is also available for purchase.
User’s Manual
37
4.2 Sample Programs
Sample programs are provided in the Dynamic C 7%140)7 folder. The sample program
432+' demonstrates the output to the STDIO window. The various directories in the
7%140)7 folder contain specific sample programs that illustrate the use of the corresponding Dynamic C libraries.
The 7%140)7@&0 folder provides sample programs specific to the BL2000. Each
sample program has comments that describe the purpose and function of the program. Follow the instructions at the beginning of the sample program.
To run a sample program, open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), compile it using
the Compile menu, and then run it by selecting Run in the Run menu. The BL2000 must
be in Program mode (see Section 3.8, “Programming Cable,”) and must be connected to a
PC using the programming cable as described in Section 2.1, “BL2000 Connections.”
More complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
4.2.1 General BL2000 Sample Programs
c &3%6(C-('—This program is used to identify the model of BL2000 being used, and
displays that information in the STDIO window.
c '39280)(7'—This program will count from 0 to 31 in binary, using the four general-purpose LEDs, DS4–DS7, and the Processor Bad LED, DS8. The LEDs are used
in reverse logical order to minimize the cycling of the relay, which is slaved to the same
output as DS4
c 0)(7C'—This program creates four “devices” (lights), and four buttons to toggle
them. Users can view the devices with their Web browser, and change the status of the
lights. If the Demonstration Board is connected to the BL2000, the lights on the Demonstration Board will match the ones on the Web page. See Appendix D for hookup
instructions for the Demonstration Board.
4.2.2 Digital I/O
The following sample programs are found in the -3 subdirectory in 7%140)7&0.
c %2%(-+-2'—Demonstrates using the A/D converter channels as digital inputs. You
will be able to see an input channel toggle HIGH and LOW when pressing the pushbuttons on the Demonstration Board. See Appendix D for hookup instructions for the
Demonstration Board.
c (-+-2'—Demonstrates the use of the digital inputs. Using the Demonstration Board,
you can see an input channel toggle from HIGH to LOW when pressing a pushbutton
on the Demonstration Board. See Appendix D for hookup instructions for the Demonstration Board.
c (-+398'—Demonstrates the use of the high-current outputs. Using the Demonstration Board, you can see an LED toggle on/off via a high-current output. See Appendix
D for hookup instructions for the Demonstration Board.
c 0)('—Demonstrates how to toggle the output LEDs on the BL2000 on/off.
38
Wildcat (BL2000)
c 4;1'—Demonstrates the use of Timer B to generate a PWM signal on digital output
OUT8. The program generates a 42 Hz PWM signal with the duty cycle adjustable
from 1 to 99%.
c 6)0%='—Demonstrates how to control the relay on the BL2000.
4.2.3 Serial Communication
The following sample programs are found in the 67 subdirectory in 7%140)7&0.
c 4987'—Transmits and then receives an ASCII string on Serial Ports B and C. It also
displays the serial data received from both ports in the STDIO window.
c 6)0%=',6'—This program echoes characters over Serial Port B to Serial Port C. It
must be run with a serial utility such as Hyperterminal.
The following sample programs are found in the 67 subdirectory in 7%140)7&0.
c 1%78)6'—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a slave BL2000. The slave will send back converted upper case letters back to
the master BL2000 and display them in the STDIO window. Use 70%:)' to program
the slave BL2000.
c 70%:)'—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a slave BL2000. The slave will send back converted upper case letters back to
the master BL2000 and display them in the STDIO window. Use 1%78)6' to program
the master BL2000.
4.2.4 A/D Converter Inputs
The following sample programs are found in the %(' subdirectory in 7%140)7&0.
c %(C'%0-&'—Demonstrates how to recalibrate an A/D converter channel using two
known voltages to generate two coefficients, gain and offset, which are rewritten into
the user block data area. The voltage that is being monitored is displayed continuously.
Note that this sample program will overwrite the calibration constants set at the factory.
c %('—Demonstrates how to access the A/D internal test voltages in both the
TLC2543 and TLC1543 A/D converter chips. The program reads the A/D internal voltages and then uses the STDIO window to display the RAW data.
c %('—Demonstrates how to access the A/D channels using the ERE-R:SPX function.
The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage that is being monitored.
c %('—Demonstrates how to access the A/D converter channels with the low-level
A/D driver. The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage that is being
monitored on all the A/D channels using the low-level A/D driver.
c %('—Demonstrates how to use the A/D converter channels with the low-level A/D
driver. The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage (average of 10 samples) that is being monitored on all the A/D converter channels using the low-level A/D
driver.
User’s Manual
39
4.2.5 D/A Converter Outputs
The following sample programs are found in the (%' subdirectory in 7%140)7&0.
c (%'%0'—This program demonstrates how to recalibrate an D/A converter channel
using two known voltages, and defines the two coefficients, gain and offset, that will be
rewritten into the D/A converter's EEPROM simulated in flash memory. Note that this
sample program will overwrite the calibration constants set at the factory.
c (%398'—This program outputs a voltage that can be read with a voltmeter. The output voltage is computed using the calibration constants that are read from the EEPROM
simulated in flash memory.
c (%398'—This program demonstrates the use of both the D/A and the A/D converters. The user selects both the D/A converter and A/D channel to be used, then sets the
D/A converter output voltage to be read by the A/D channel. All activity will be displayed in the STDIO window.
4.2.6 Real-Time Clock
If you plan to use the real-time clock functionality in your application, you will need to set
the real-time clock. You may set the real-time clock using the 7)868'/&' sample program from the Dynamic C 7%140)7@68'03'/ folder. The 68'C8)78' sample program in the Dynamic C 7%140)7@68'03'/ folder provides additional examples of how
to read and set the real-time clock
4.2.7 TCP/IP Sample Programs
TCP/IP sample programs are described in Chapter 5.
40
Wildcat (BL2000)
4.3 BL2000 Libraries
Two library directories are used to develop applications for the BL2000.
c &0—libraries associated with features specific to the BL2000.
c 8'4-4—libraries specific to using TCP/IP functions on the BL2000.
Other generic functions applicable to all devices based on the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor
are described in the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual.
User’s Manual
41
4.4 BL2000 Function Calls
4.4.1 Board Initialization
ZSMHFVH-RMX ZSMH
Call this function at the beginning of your program. This function initializes the system I/O ports and
loads all the A/D and DAC calibration constants from flash memory into SRAM for use by your program.
The ports are initialized as follows:
42
Function
Output Function
State
Port
I/O
PA0
Output
OUT0/RELAY/LED_DS4
PA1
Output
OUT1/LED_DS5
PA2
Output
OUT2/LED_DS6
PA3
Output
OUT3/LED_DS7
PA4
Output
OUT4
PA5
Output
OUT5
PA6
Output
OUT6
PA7
Output
OUT7
PB0
Input
IN6
N/A
PB1
Input
CLKA
N/A
PB2
Input
IN7
N/A
PB3
Input
IN8
N/A
PB4
Input
IN9
N/A
PB5
Input
IN10
N/A
PB6
Output
RS485_EN
Off
PB7
Output
UPGOOD
Bad Indicator Off
PC0
Output
TXD RS-485
Inactive high
PC1
Input
RXD RS-485
N/A
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
Wildcat (BL2000)
Function
Output Function
State
Port
I/O
PC2
Output
RTS/TXC RS-232
Inactive high
PC3
Input
CTS/RXC RS-232
N/A
PC4
Output
TXB RS-232
Inactive high
PC5
Input
RXB RS-232
N/A
PC6
Output
TXA Programming Port
Inactive high
PC7
Input
RXA Programming Port
N/A
PD0
Output
DAC-ADC_SK
On
PD1
Output
DAC-ADC_SDI
On
PD2
Input
RTL-ADC_SDO
N/A
PD3
Input
RTL_SK
N/A*
PD4
Output
RTL_SDI
On
PD5
Output
DAC0_CS
Inactive high
PD6
Output
DAC1_CS
Inactive high
PD7
Output
ADC_CS
Inactive high
PE0
Output
OUT8
PE1
Output
OUT9
PE2
Input
IN0
N/A
PE3
Input
IN1
N/A
PE4
Input
IN2
N/A
PE5
Input
IN3
N/A
PE6
Input
IN4
N/A
PE7
Input
IN5
N/A
High-Current Driver
Off
High-Current Driver
Off
* PD3 is an output (and is on) for the BL2020 and the BL2030.
SEE ALSO
HMK3YXHMK-RWIV1SHI
User’s Manual
43
4.4.2 Digital I/O
MRXHMK-R MRXGLERRIP
Reads the state of an input channel:
IN0–IN10—standard digital inputs, ± 36 V DC
IN11–IN14—pseudo digital inputs using A/D converter inputs ADC0–ADC3, ± 10 V DC
IN15–IN19—pseudo digital inputs using A/D converter inputs ADC4–ADC8, 0 V to 48 V DC
IN20–IN21—pseudo digital inputs using A/D converter inputs DAC0–DAC1, 0 V to 48 V DC
(BL2010 and BL2030)
The threshold is fixed at 2.40 V for channels IN0–IN10. Anything below 2.40 V is a logic 0, and anything higher than or equal to 2.40 V is a logic 1.
The default threshold for channels IN11–IN21 is also set to 2.40 V. The threshold for these channels may
be changed by adding the following two lines to your program.
YRHIJ8,6)7,30(
HIJMRI8,6)7,30(\\\\
where \\\\ is the desired threshold voltage. Anything below the threshold value is a logic 0, and anything higher than or equal to the threshold value is a logic 1.
PARAMETER
GLERRIP is the input channel number (0–21)
RETURN VALUE
The state of the input (0 or 1).
SEE ALSO
FVH-RMXHMK3YX
ZSMHHMK3YX MRXGLERRIPMRXZEPYI
Sets the state of a digital output (OUT0–OUT9).
The default setting for the function is for current-sinking outputs. To change from sinking to sourcing
outputs, add the following two lines at the beginning of your program.
YRHIJ398498C(6-:)
HIJMRI398498C(6-:)7396'-2+
The relay is driven by PA0, which is the same Rabbit 2000 parallel port that drives OUT0 and LED DS4.
OUT0 therefore works in parallel with the relay output. Rabbit therefore recommends that you do not use
OUT0 for a digital output when you are using the relay.
PARAMETERS
GLERRIP is the output channel number (0–9).
ZEPYI is the output value (0 or 1).
SEE ALSO
FVH-RMXHMK-R
44
Wildcat (BL2000)
4.4.3 Serial Communication
Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications support. The 670-& library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The
4%'/)80-& library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delimited by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both
libraries provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmitting or receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they
are finished. For more information, see the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual and
Technical Note 213, Rabbit Serial Port Software.
The following function calls are specific to the BL2000.
MRXWIV1SHI MRXQSHI
User interface to set up BL2000 serial communication lines. Call this function after WIV Dial-Up Connections/Network line or tab. Doubleclick on this line or select Properties or Local Area Connection > Properties to bring
up the TCP/IP properties dialog box. You can edit the IP address and the subnet mask
directly. (Disable “obtain an IP address automatically.”) You may want to write down the
existing values in case you have to restore them later. It is not necessary to edit the gateway address since the gateway is not used with direct connect.
BL2000
Board
IP 10.10.6.101
Netmask
255.255.255.0
User’s PC
Ethernet
crossover
cable
Direct Connection PC to BL2000 Board
56
Wildcat (BL2000)
5.3 Run the 4-2+1)' Sample Program
Connect the crossover cable from your computer’s Ethernet port to the BL2000’s RJ-45
Ethernet connector. Open this sample program from the 7%140)7@8'4-4@-'14 folder,
compile the program, and start it running under Dynamic C. When the program starts running, the green LNK light on the BL2000 should be on to indicate an Ethernet connection
is made. (Note: If the LNK light does not light, you may not have a crossover cable, or if
you are using a hub perhaps the power is off on the hub.)
The next step is to ping the board from your PC. This can be done by bringing up the MSDOS window and running the pingme program:
TMRK
or by Start > Run
and typing the entry
TMRK
Notice that the orange ACT light flashes on the BL2000 while the ping is taking place, and
indicates the transfer of data. The ping routine will ping the board four times and write a
summary message on the screen describing the operation.
User’s Manual
57
5.4 Running More Sample Programs With a Direct Connection
The program 77-'(7%140)7@&0@8'4-4@) demonstrates how to make the
BL2000 a Web server. This program allows you to turn the LEDs on an attached Demonstration Board from the Tool Kit on and off from a remote Web browser. LEDs DS4–DS8
on the BL2000 will match those on the Web page. As long as you have not modified the
8'4'32*-+ macro in the sample program, enter the following server address in your
Web browser to bring up the Web page served by the sample program.
http://10.10.6.100
Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the 8'4C'32*-+0-& library.
The sample program 7184' (7%140)7@&0@8'4-4@) allows you to send an E-mail
when a switch on the Demonstration Board is pressed. Follow the instructions included
with the sample program.
The sample program 8)02)8' (7%140)7@&0@8'4-4@) allows you to communicate with the BL2000 using the Telnet protocol. This program takes anything that comes
in on a port and sends it out Serial Port B. It uses digital input IN0 to indicate that the
TCP/IP connection should be closed, and it uses high-current output OUT0 to indicate that
there is an open connection. You may change the digital input and output to suit your
application needs.
Run the Telnet program on your PC (Start > Run XIPRIX). As long as
you have not modified the 8'4'32*-+ macro in the sample program, the IP address is
10.10.6.100 as shown; otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the
8'4C'32*-+0-& library. Each character you type will be printed in Dynamic C's STDIO
window, indicating that the board is receiving the characters typed via TCP/IP.
5.5 Where Do I Go From Here?
NOTE: If you purchased your BL2000 through a distributor or Rabbit partner, contact
the distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
c Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
c Check the Rabbit Technical Bulletin Board and forums at www.rabbit.com/support/bb/
and at www.rabbit.com/forums/.
c Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.
If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.
Additional sample programs are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.
Refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual to develop your own applications. An
Introduction to TCP/IP provides background information on TCP/IP, and is available on
the Web site.
58
Wildcat (BL2000)
APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix A provides the specifications for the BL2000 and
describes the conformal coating.
User’s Manual
59
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications
Figure A-1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the BL2000.
Figure A-1. BL2000 Dimensions
NOTE: All measurements are in inches followed by millimeters enclosed in parentheses.
All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01" (0.25 mm).
60
Wildcat (BL2000)
Table A-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the BL2000.
Table A-1. BL2000 Specifications
Feature
BL2000
BL2020
10Base-T, LNK and ACT LEDs
None
Flash Memory
256K (standard)
SRAM
128K (standard)
Backup Battery
BL2030
Rabbit 2000® at 22.1 MHz
Microprocessor
Ethernet Port
BL2010
Panasonic CR2330 or equivalent 3 V lithium coin type, 265 mA·h
standard using onboard battery holder; optional 3 V, 950 mA·h
solder-in battery available; external battery connector
Digital Inputs
Digital Outputs
Analog Inputs
Four 12-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,000
samples/s
Four 10-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,000
samples/s
Four 12-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,000
samples/s
Four 10-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,000
samples/s
Analog Outputs
Two 12-bit res.,
0–4 V DC,
update rate 12 kHz
None
Two 12-bit res.,
0–4 V DC,
update rate 12 kHz
None
Five at 12 k ,
12-bit res.,
0–48 V DC
Seven at 12 k ,
10-bit res.,
0–48 V DC
Five at 12 k ,
12-bit res.,
0–48 V DC
Seven at 12 k ,
10-bit res.,
0–48 V DC
Dual-Purpose Analog or Digital
Inputs
Relay Output
SPDT with snubbers*: 1 A @ 30 V DC, 300 mA @ 120 V AC
(uses one digital output)
max. contact settling time 4 ms
4 serial ports:
Serial Ports
Serial Rate
Connectors
c two RS-232 or one RS-232 (with CTS/RTS)
c one RS-485, onboard network termination and bias resistors
c one 5 V CMOS-compatible programming port
Max. burst rate = CLK/32
Max. sustained rate = CLK/64
one RJ-45 (Ethernet)
one 2 × 5, 2 mm pitch (serial programming port)
one power jack for AC adapter
four 12-terminal screw connectors (14 AWG/1.5 mm2 wire) for analog
and digital I/O, relay
Real-Time Clock
User’s Manual
Yes
61
Table A-1. BL2000 Specifications (continued)
Feature
Timers
Watchdog/Supervisor
Power
Operating Temperature
BL2000
BL2010
BL2020
BL2030
Five 8-bit timers (four are cascadable from the first) and
one 10-bit timer with two match registers
Yes
9–40 V DC or 24 V AC (±10%), 1.5 W max.
–40°C to +70°C
Humidity
5–95%, noncondensing
Board Size
3.43" × 4.15" × 0.82"
(87 mm × 105 mm × 21 mm)
* When using the BL2000 in a CE-certified application, the voltages handled by the relay must
not exceed SELV levels (42.4 V AC peak, or 60 V DC).
62
Wildcat (BL2000)
A.1.1 Headers
The BL2000 has an option for 0.1" IDC headers or friction-lock connectors at J1, J3, J10,
and J11 for physical connection to other boards or ribbon cables.
Figure A-2 shows the BL2000 footprint. These values are relative to one of the mounting
holes.
Figure A-2. User Board Footprint for BL2000
NOTE: The same footprint applies for the IDC header and bottom-mount socket options.
User’s Manual
63
A.2 Conformal Coating
The areas around the crystal oscillator and the battery backup circuit on the BL2000 have
had the Dow Corning silicone-based 1-2620 conformal coating applied. The conformally
coated areas are shown in Figure A-3. The conformal coating protects these high-impedance circuits from the effects of moisture and contaminants over time.
Figure A-3. BL2000 Areas Receiving Conformal Coating
Any components in the conformally coated area may be replaced using standard soldering
procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be
applied to offer continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.
NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Rabbit Technical Note 303,
Conformal Coatings.
64
Wildcat (BL2000)
A.3 Jumper Configurations
Figure A-4. Location of BL2000 Configurable Positions
User’s Manual
65
Table A-2 lists the configuration options.
Table A-2. BL2000 Jumper Configurations
Header
J9
JP1
JP2
JP3
JP4
JP5
JP6
Description
Factory
Default
Pins Connected
Pin 12 is Vcc
R160 installed
Pin 12 is GND
R161 installed
×
Bias and termination resistors
connected
×
RS-485 Bias and Termination
Resistors
Flash Memory Bank Select
D/A Converter Power Supply
Flash Memory Size
SRAM Size
Digital Input Pull-Up/Pull-Down
Resistors
1–2
3–4
None
Bias and termination resistors not
connected
1–2
Normal Mode
2–3
Bank Mode
1–2
+V
2–3
+REF
1–2
128K/256K
2–3
512K
1–2
128K
2–3
512K
1–2
Pulled up
2–3
Pulled down
×
×
×
×
×
NOTE: Only header JP1 uses actual jumpers. The other connections are made using 0
surface-mounted resistors.
66
Wildcat (BL2000)
A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports
Figure A-5 shows the Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the BL2000.
Figure A-5. BL2000 Rabbit-Based Subsystems
Table A-3 lists the Rabbit 2000 parallel ports and their use in the BL2000.
Table A-3. Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports
I/O
PA0
Output
OUT0/RELAY/LED_DS4
Off
PA1
Output
OUT1/LED_DS5
Off
PA2
Output
OUT2/LED_DS6
Off
PA3
Output
OUT3/LED_DS7
Off
PA4
Output
OUT4
Off
PA5
Output
OUT5
Off
PA6
Output
OUT6
Off
PA7
Output
OUT7
Off
PB0
Input
IN6
N/A
PB1
Input
CLKA
N/A
PB2
Input
IN7
N/A
User’s Manual
Signal
Output Function
State
Port
67
Table A-3. Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports (continued)
Output Function
State
Port
I/O
Signal
PB3
Input
IN8
N/A
PB4
Input
IN9
N/A
PB5
Input
IN10
N/A
PB6
Output
RS485_EN
Off
PB7
Output
UPGOOD
Off
PC0
Output
TXD RS-485
PC1
Input
RXD RS-485
PC2
Output
RTS/TXC RS-232
PC3
Input
CTS/RXC RS-232
PC4
Output
TXB RS-232
PC5
Input
RXB RS-232
PC6
Output
TXA Programming Port
PC7
Input
RXA Programming Port
PD0
Output
DAC-ADC_SK
On
PD1
Output
DAC-ADC_SDI
On
PD2
Input
RTL-ADC_SDO
N/A
PD3
Input
RTL_SK
N/A*
PD4
Output
RTL_SDI
On
PD5
Output
/DAC0_CS
Inactive high
PD6
Output
/DAC1_CS
Inactive high
PD7
Output
/ADC_CS
Inactive high
PE0
Output
OUT8
Off
PE1
Output
OUT9
Off
PE2
Input
IN0
N/A
PE3
Input
IN1
N/A
PE4
Input
IN2
N/A
PE5
Input
IN3
N/A
PE6
Input
IN4
N/A
PE7
Input
IN5
N/A
Serial Port D
Serial Port C
Serial Port B
Serial Port A
Inactive high
N/A
Inactive high
N/A
Inactive high
N/A
Inactive high
N/A
* PD3 is an output (and is on) for the BL2020 and the BL2030.
68
Wildcat (BL2000)
APPENDIX B. PLASTIC ENCLOSURE
The plastic enclosure provides a secure way to protect your
BL2000. The enclosure itself may be mounted on any flat surface.
Appendix B describes how to mount the BL2000 inside the plastic enclosure, how to install the optional light pipes, and provides details on mounting the assembly.
User’s Manual
69
B.1 Assembly
1. Attach the BL2000 to the plastic enclosure base.
Position the BL2000 over the plastic enclosure base as shown below in Figure B-1. Attach
the BL2000 to the base using the two 4-40 × ¼ screws supplied.
Figure B-1. Attach BL2000 to Plastic Enclosure Base
2. Install light pipes (optional).
Light pipes are included in the
Tool Kit to facilitate seeing the
LEDs on the BL2000 board
once the enclosure is assembled.
With the enclosure top positioned as shown in Figure B-2,
insert the eight light pipes into
the slots identified in Figure B2. Position the light pipes snugly
against the enclosure top since
there is little clearance between
the light pipes and the LEDs on
the BL2000. The light pipes
“snap” in place. Verify that the
light pipes are aligned over the
Figure B-2. Install Light Pipes in Enclosure Top
LEDs, then apply a drop of
cyanoacrylate or contact cement
to the inside of the enclosure around each light pipe to hold it in place.
NOTE: Once the glue is applied, it will not be possible to change the alignment of the
light pipes without damaging the plastic enclosure.
70
Wildcat (BL2000)
3. Attach the enclosure top to the base.
Position the enclosure top over the plastic enclosure base as shown below in Figure B-3.
Attach the enclosure top to the base using the two 4-40 × ½ screws supplied. If you
installed the light pipes, be sure they are aligned over the LEDs as shown.
Figure B-3. Attach Enclosure Top
4. Mount plastic enclosure (optional).
Use four #10 screws to attach the assembled plastic enclosure to the surface on which it
will be mounted. This step applies to production versions of BL2000 boards once development has been completed.
User’s Manual
71
B.2 Dimensions
Figure B-4 shows the dimensions for the plastic enclosure.
Figure B-4. Plastic Enclosure Dimensions
When fully assembled with the BL2000 installed, the total height of the plastic enclosure
will be 1.1" (28 mm).
72
Wildcat (BL2000)
APPENDIX C. POWER SUPPLY
Appendix C describes the power circuitry distributed on the
BL2000.
C.1 Power Supplies
Power is supplied to the BL2000 via a mini phone jack located at J7 or through the screw
terminal strip, header J2. The BL2000 itself is protected against reverse polarity by a
diode at D1 as shown in Figure C-1.
Figure C-1. BL2000 Power Supply
Capacitor C28 provides surge current protection for the voltage regulator, and allows the
external power supply to be located some distance away from the BL2000. A switching
power regulator is used. The input voltage range is from 9 V to 40 V.
The BL2000 can alternatively be powered by 24 V AC. In this case D1 and C28 act as a
half-wave rectifier to produce approximately 40 V DC at the input of the switching regulator, U12. Although a significant drop will be measured at DCIN, the voltage will never
drop below +9 V DC. As long as the minimum input level is maintained at the input to the
regulator, Vcc will be held at +5 V DC.
Pin 12 on header J9 can be configured to either supply Vcc (0 surface-mounted resistor
installed at R160) or GND (0 surface-mounted resistor installed at R161). When using
pin 12 on header J9 to supply Vcc, take care not to draw more than 25 mA current from
this pin, especially if you are using 24 V AC as your +RAW input power supply. The R160
and R161 locations are shown in Figure A-4.
User’s Manual
73
C.1.1 Power for Analog Circuits
Power to the analog circuits is provided by way of a two-stage low-pass filter, which isolates the analog section from digital noise generated by the other components. The analog
power voltage +V powers the op-amp for the buffered A/D converter inputs, the A/D converter, and the 4.096 V reference circuit. The two D/A converters can be powered either
from the reference, which is the standard, or from +V when ratiometric measurements are
desired. The maximum current draw on +V is less than 10 mA.
There are three digital grounds, one on each of the screw-terminal headers associated with
the digital functions (J2, J8, and J9). The digital ground and the analog ground share a single split ground plane on the board, with the analog ground connected at a single point to
the digital ground by a 0 resistor (R87). This is done to minimize digital noise in the
analog circuits and to eliminate the possibility of ground loops. External connections to
analog ground are made on screw-terminal header J4.
C.2 Batteries and External Battery Connections
The SRAM and the real-time clock have battery backup. Power to the SRAM and the realtime clock (VRAM) is provided by two different sources, depending on whether the main
part of the BL2000 is powered or not. When the BL2000 is powered normally, and Vcc is
within operating limits, the SRAM and the real-time clock are powered from Vcc. If power
to the board is lost or falls below 4.63 V, the VRAM power will come from the battery. The
reset generator circuit controls the source of power by way of its /RESET output signal.
A replaceable 265 mA·h lithium battery provides power to the real-time clock and SRAM
when external power is removed from the circuit board. The drain on the battery is typically
less than 10 µA when there is no external power applied, and so the expected in-service life
of the battery is
265 mA·h
------------------------ = 3.0 years.
10 µA
The drain on the battery is typically less than 4 µA when external power is applied, and so
the expected BL2000 shelf life is
265 mA·h
------------------------ = 7.5 years.
4 µA
A long-life 950 mA·h solder-in battery is also provided for in the board layout. Alternatively, an external battery may be connected to the BL2000 via header J12. The existing
battery does not have to be removed when an external battery is used.
74
Wildcat (BL2000)
C.2.1 Replacing the Backup Battery
The battery is user-replaceable, and is fitted in a battery holder. To replace the battery, lift
up on the spring clip and slide out the old battery. Use only a Panasonic CR2330 or equivalent replacement battery, and insert it into the battery holder with the + side facing up.
NOTE: The SRAM contents and the real-time clock settings will be lost if the battery is
replaced with no power applied to the BL2000. Exercise care if you replace the battery
while external power is applied to the BL2000.
CAUTION: There is an explosion danger if the battery is short-circuited, recharged,
or replaced incorrectly. Replace the battery only with the same type or an equivalent
type recommended by the battery manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according
to the battery manufacturer’s instructions.
C.2.2 Battery-Backup Circuit
Figure C-2 shows the battery-backup circuit.
Figure C-2. BL2000 Backup Battery Circuit
The battery-backup circuit serves three purposes:
c It reduces the battery voltage to the SRAM and to the real-time clock, thereby limiting
the current consumed by the real-time clock and lengthening the battery life.
c It ensures that current can flow only out of the battery to prevent charging the battery.
c A voltage, VOSC, is supplied to U14, which keeps the 32.768 kHz oscillator working
when the voltage begins to drop.
VRAM and Vcc are nearly equal (
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