Bulletin No. T/P16-M
Drawing No. LP0486
Released 11/16
Tel +1 (717) 767-6511
Fax +1 (717) 764-0839
www.redlion.net
MODELS T16 & P16 - TEMPERATURE/PROCESS CONTROLLERS
PID CONTROL WITH REDUCED OVERSHOOT
T16 ACCEPTS TC AND RTD
P16 ACCEPTS 0-10 V AND 0/4-20 mA SIGNALS
ON DEMAND AUTO-TUNING OF PID SETTINGS
DC ANALOG OUTPUT (OPTIONAL)
USER PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION BUTTON
PC OR FRONT PANEL PROGRAMMING
PC CONFIGURABLE WITH TP16KIT
UL Recognized Component,
File #E179259
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PC PROGRAMMING KIT
The optional TP16KIT contains a programming module with a 9 pin RS232
connector, cable and Crimson, a Windows® based configuration software. The
software allows downloading, uploading and storage of T16 and P16 program
files. All controllers have a communications port that allows configuration by
PC even without controller power connected. Controller calibration is also
possible using the software when the proper calibration equipment and
controller power is connected.
The Model T16 Controller accepts signals from a variety of temperature
sensors (thermocouple or RTD), while the Model P16 Controller accepts either a
0 to 10 VDC or 0/4 to 20 mA DC input signal. Both controllers can provide an
accurate output control signal (time proportional or DC Analog Output) to
maintain a process at a setpoint value. Dual 4-digit displays allow viewing of the
process/temperature and setpoint simultaneously. Front panel indicators inform
the operator of the controller and output status. The comprehensive programming
allows these controllers to meet a wide variety of application requirements.
CONSTRUCTION
The controller is constructed of a lightweight, high impact, black plastic
textured case and bezel with a clear display window. The front panel meets
NEMA 4X/IP65 specifications when properly installed. In applications that do
not require protection to NEMA 4X, multiple controllers can be stacked
horizontally or vertically. Modern surface-mount technology, extensive testing,
plus high immunity to noise interference makes the controller extremely reliable
in industrial environments.
MAIN CONTROL
The controller operates in the PID Control Mode for both heating and
cooling, with on-demand auto-tune, that establishes the tuning constants. The
PID tuning constants may be fine-tuned through the front panel and then locked
out from further modification. The controller employs a unique overshoot
suppression feature, that allows the quickest response without excessive
overshoot. Switching to Manual Mode provides the operator direct control of the
output. The controller may also be programmed to operate in On/Off mode with
adjustable hysteresis.
SAFETY SUMMARY
All safety related regulations, local codes and instructions that appear in the
manual or on equipment must be observed to ensure personal safety and to
prevent damage to either the instrument or equipment connected to it. If
equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Do not use the controller to directly command motors, valves, or other actuators
not equipped with safeguards. To do so can be potentially harmful to persons or
equipment in the event of a fault to the controller. An independent and redundant
temperature limit indicator with alarm outputs is strongly recommended.
ALARMS
Optional alarm(s) can be configured independently for absolute high or low
acting with balanced or unbalanced hysteresis. They can also be configured for
deviation and band alarm. In these modes, the alarm trigger values track the
setpoint value. Adjustable alarm hysteresis can be used for delaying output
response. The alarms can be programmed for Automatic or Latching operation.
A selectable standby feature suppresses the alarm during power-up until the
temperature stabilizes outside the alarm region.
ANALOG OUTPUT OPTION
The optional DC Analog Output (10 V or 20 mA) can be configured and
scaled for control or re-transmission purposes. The programmable output update
time reduces valve or actuator activity.
CAUTION: Risk of Danger.
Read complete instructions prior to
installation and operation of the unit.
CAUTION: Risk of electric shock.
DIMENSIONS In inches (mm)
PANEL CUT-OUT
1
R
A1
A2
O1
O2
%
MA N
%PW
1.95
(49.5)
1.76
(44.7)
0.37
(9.4)
4.17 (105.9)
14
7
3
8
4
9
11
12
1.76 (44.7)
1
6
2
5
1.95
(49.5)
13
1.772
+0.024
-0.000
(45 +0.6
)
-0.0
10
+0.024
1.772 -0.000
(45 +0.6
)
-0.0
5. MEMORY: Nonvolatile E2PROM retains all programmable parameters.
6. ISOLATION LEVEL:
AC power with respect to all other I/O: 250 V working (2300 V for 1 min.)
Sensor input to analog output: 50 V working (500 V for 1 minute)
Relay contacts to all other I/O: 300 V working (2300 V for 1 minute)
DC power with respect to sensor input and analog output: 50 V working
(500 V for 1 minute)
7. CERTIFICATIONS AND COMPLIANCES:
CE Approved
EN 61326-1 Immunity to Industrial Locations
Emission CISPR 11 Class A
IEC/EN 61010-1
RoHS Compliant
UL Recognized Component: File #E179259
Type 4X Enclosure rating (Face only)
IP65 Enclosure rating (Face only)
IP20 Enclosure rating (Rear of unit)
Refer to EMC Installation Guidelines section of the bulletin for additional
information.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50°C
Storage Temperature Range: -40 to 80°C
Operating and Storage Humidity: 85% max relative humidity (noncondensing) from 0°C to 50°C
Vibration to IEC 68-2-6: Operational 5 to 150 Hz, 2 g.
Shock to IEC 68-2-27: Operational 20 g (10 g relay).
Altitude: Up to 2000 meters
9. CONNECTION: Wire-clamping screw terminals
10. CONSTRUCTION: Black plastic alloy case and collar style panel latch.
Panel latch can be installed for vertical or horizontal instrument stacking.
Black plastic textured bezel with transparent display window. Controller
meets NEMA 4X/IP65 requirements for indoor use when properly installed.
Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2.
11. WEIGHT: 6.3 oz (179 g)
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
1. DISPLAY: 2 Line by 4-digit, LCD negative image transmissive with
backlighting.
Top (Process) Display: 0.3" (7.6 mm) high digits with red backlighting.
Bottom (Parameter) Display: 0.2" (5.1 mm) high digits with green
backlighting.
2. ANNUNCIATORS:
Status Annunciators:
O1 - Main control output is active.
O2 - Cooling output is active (when Alarm 2 is used for cooling).
A1 - Alarm 1 output is active.
A2 - Alarm 2 output is active.
°F, °C - Temperature units.
%PW - Output power percentage is shown in Bottom display.
MAN - Controller is in Manual Mode.
R - Ramping Setpoint indicator.
% - Percent indicator (P16 models only).
Display Messages:
- Measurement exceeds + sensor range
- Measurement exceeds - sensor range
- Open sensor is detected (T16 only)
- Shorted sensor is detected (RTD only)
- Measurement exceeds controller limits (P16 only)
- Display value exceeds + display range
- Display value exceeds - display range
3. POWER:
Line Voltage Models:
85 to 250 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 8 VA
Low Voltage Models:
DC Power: 18 to 36 VDC, 4 W
AC Power: 24 VAC, ±10%, 50/60 Hz, 7 VA
4. CONTROLS: Three rubber push buttons for modification and setup of
controller parameters. One additional button (F1) for user programmable
function. One external user input (models with alarms) for parameter lockout
or other user programmable functions.
INPUT SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE
1. SENSOR INPUT:
Sample Period: 100 msec (10 Hz rate)
Step Response Time: 300 msec typical, 400 msec max to within 99% of final
value with step input.
Failed Sensor Response:
Main Control Output(s): Programmable preset output
Display: “OPEN”
Alarms: Upscale drive
Analog Output: Upscale drive when assigned to retransmitted input.
Normal Mode Rejection: >40 dB @ 50/60 Hz
Common Mode Rejection: >120 dB, DC to 60 Hz
Overvoltage Protection: 120 VAC @ 15 sec max
2. RTD INPUTS: (T16 only)
Type: 2 or 3 wire
Excitation: 150 µA typical
Lead Resistance: 15 Ω max per input lead
Resolution: 1° or 0.1° for all types
TYPE
INPUT TYPE
RANGE
385
100 Ω platinum,
Alpha = .00385
-200 to +600°C
-328 to +1112°F
IEC 751
100 Ω platinum,
Alpha = .003919
120 Ω nickel,
Alpha = .00672
-200 to +600°C
-328 to +1112°F
-80 to +215°C
-112 to +419°F
No official
standard
No official
standard
Linear Resistance
0.0 to 320.0 Ω
N/A
392
672
Ohms
J
K
R
S
B
T
E
DISPLAY RANGE
-200 to +400°C
-328 to +752°F
-200 to 750°C
-328 to +1382°F
WIRE COLOR
BS 1843
(+) Blue
(-) Red
(+) Violet
(-) Red
(+) White
(-) Blue
(+) Brown
(-) Blue
BS 1843
-200 to +760°C
-328 to +1400°F
-200 to +1250°C
-328 to +2282°F
0 to +1768°C
+32 to +3214°F
0 to +1768°C
+32 to +3214°F
(+) White
(-) Red
(+) Yellow
(-) Red
No
standard
No
standard
(+) Yellow
(-) Blue
(+) Brown
(-) Blue
(+) White
(-) Blue
(+) White
(-) Blue
+149 to +1820°C
+300 to +3308°F
No
standard
No
standard
STANDARD
-200 to +1300°C (+) Orange (+) Orange
-328 to +2372°F
(-) Red
(-) Blue
C
0 to +2315°C
No
No
W5/W6 +32 to +4199°F
standard
standard
-5.00 mV to
mV
N/A
N/A
56.00mV
ITS-90
ITS-90
ITS-90
ITS-90
ITS-90
ITS-90
ASTM
E988-96
N/A
4. SIGNAL INPUT: (P16 only)
MAX
INPUT RANGE ACCURACY * IMPEDANCE CONTINUOUS RESOLUTION
OVERLOAD
STANDARD
ANSI
ANSI
N
10 VDC
(-1 to 11)
20 mA DC
(-2 to 22)
0.30 % of
reading
+0.03V
0.30 % of
reading
+0.04V
1 MΩ
50 V
10 mV
10 Ω
100 mA
10 µA
*Accuracies are expressed as ± percentages over 0 to 50 °C ambient range
after 20 minute warm-up.
5. TEMPERATURE INDICATION ACCURACY: (T16 only)
± (0.3% of span, +1°C) at 23 °C ambient after 20 minute warm up. Includes
NIST conformity, cold junction effect, A/D conversion errors and linearization
conformity.
Span Drift (maximum): 130 PPM/°C
6. USER INPUT: (Only controllers with alarms have a user input terminal.)
Internally pulled up to +7 VDC (100 KΩ), VIN MAX = 35 V, VIL = 0.6 V max,
VIH = 1.5 V min, IOFF = 40 µA max
Response Time: 120 msec max
Functions: Programmable
3. THERMOCOUPLE INPUTS: (T16 only)
Types: T, E, J, K, R, S, B, N, C, and Linear mV
Input Impedance: 20 MΩ for all types
Lead Resistance Effect: 0.25 µV/Ω
Cold Junction Compensation: Less than ±1°C typical (1.5°C max) error
over ambient temperature range.
Resolution: 1° for types R, S, B and 1° or 0.1° for all other types
TYPE
WIRE COLOR
DISPLAY RANGE
STANDARD
ITS-90
ITS-90
2
OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS
Standby Mode: Programmable; enable or disable
Hysteresis: Programmable
Sensor Fail Response: Upscale
Annunciator: “A1” and “A2” programmable for normal or reverse acting
4. COOLING: Software selectable (overrides Alarm 2).
Control: PID or On/Off
Output: Time proportioning
Cycle Time: Programmable
Proportional Gain Adjust: Programmable
Heat/Cool Deadband Overlap: Programmable
5. ANALOG DC OUTPUT: (optional)
Self-powered (Active)
Action: Control or retransmission
Update Rate: 0.1 to 250 sec
1. CONTROL AND ALARM OUTPUTS:
Relay Output:
Type: Form A
Contact Rating: 3 A @ 250 VAC or 30 VDC (resistive load)
Life Expectancy: 100,000 cycles at max. load rating
(Decreasing load and/or increasing cycle time, increases life expectancy)
Logic/SSR Output (main control output only):
Rating: 45 mA max @ 4 V min., 7 V nominal
2. MAIN CONTROL:
Control: PID or On/Off
Output: Time proportioning or DC Analog
Cycle Time: Programmable
Auto-Tune: When selected, sets proportional band, integral time, derivative
time, and output dampening time. Also sets input filter and (if applicable)
cooling gain.
Probe Break Action: Programmable
3. ALARMS: (optional) 2 relay alarm outputs.
Modes:
None
Absolute High Acting (Balanced or Unbalanced Hysteresis)
Absolute Low Acting (Balanced or Unbalanced Hysteresis)
Deviation High Acting
Deviation Low Acting
Inside Band Acting
Outside Band Acting
Heat (Alarm 1 on Analog Output models only)
Cool (Alarm 2)
Reset Action: Programmable; automatic or latched
OUTPUT
RANGE **
ACCURACY *
COMPLIANCE
RESOLUTION
0 to 10 V
0.3% of FS
+ ½ LSD
10 kΩ min
1/8000
500 Ω max
1/8000
500 Ω max
1/6400
0 to 20 mA
4 to 20 mA
0.3% of FS
+ ½ LSD
0.3% of FS
+ ½ LSD
* Accuracies are expressed as ± percentages over 0 to 50 °C ambient range
after 20 minute warm-up.
** Outputs are independently jumper selectable for either 10 V or 20 mA. The
output range may be field calibrated to yield approximately 5% overrange
and a small underrange (negative) signal.
ORDERING INFORMATION
MODEL NO.
MAIN CONTROL
2 ALARMS & USER INPUT
Relay
T16
P16
PART NUMBERS
18-36 VDC/24 VAC
85 to 250 VAC
—
T1610010
T1610000
Relay
Yes
T1611110
T1611100
Logic/SSR
—
T1620010
T1620000
T1621100
Logic/SSR
Yes
T1621110
Analog Out *
Yes
T1641110
T1641100
Relay
—
P1610010
P1610000
Relay
Yes
P1611110
P1611100
Logic/SSR
—
P1620010
P1620000
Logic/SSR
Yes
P1621110
P1621100
Analog Out *
Yes
P1641110
P1641100
* Analog out may be used for retransmitted signals. When using analog output for retransmitted signals, AL1
becomes main control O1, if selected for heating in the analog out models.
ACCESSORIES
MODEL NO.
TP16
RLY
DESCRIPTION
PART NUMBERS
Programming Kit 1 : Includes Software, Comms Module w/
9-pin connector and cable, and 115 VAC Power Adapter
TP16KIT1
Programming Kit 2 : Includes Software, Comms Module w/
9-pin connector and cable
TP16KIT2
External SSR Power Unit (for Logic/SSR models)
RLY50000
25 A Single Phase Din Rail Mount Solid State Relay
RLY60000
40 A Single Phase Din Rail Mount Solid State Relay
RLY6A000
Three Phase Din Rail Mount Solid State Relay
RLY70000
3
BLOCK DIAGRAM
+7V
11
POWER
SUPPLY
12
D
+
-
+22V
O
+
-6.2V
OPTION
POWER
SUPPLY
25.5 ‚
+22V
20mA
O
6
(+) O1
7
(-) O1
6
(+) O1
7
(-) O1
2
A1/O1 N.O. *
3
A1/O1 COMM
4
A2/O2 N.O.
5
A2/O2 COMM
100K
.01µF
D
D
8.2 ‚
D
10
10
+7V
+5V
10 ‚
+5V
A
+5V
T16 TC+
P16 0-10V
9
9
976K
20K
Process
Circuitry
A/D
Converter
+7V
A
INPUT COMM
8
A
A
D
ALARM OUTPUT MODELS
+7V
20M
MAIN CONTROL
OUTPUT
4.02K
P16 0-20 mA
-V/-I
SSR DRIVE
MODELS
2
E Memory
+0.7V
T16 RTD EXC
7
Keypad
100K
1
+V/+I
10V
+7V
100K
USER IN
6
(REAR) (FRONT)
O
O
+7V
-
ANALOG OUTPUT
MODELS
POWER
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
POWER
INPUT
D/A
CONV.
D
*A1 becomes main control O1, if selected for heating in the
analog out models.
EMC INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
effective. The following EMI suppression devices (or equivalent) are
recommended:
Fair-Rite part number 0443167251 (Red Lion Controls #FCOR0000)
Line Filters for input power cables:
Schaffner # FN2010-1/07 (Red Lion Controls #LFIL0000)
6. To protect relay contacts that control inductive loads and to minimize radiated
and conducted noise (EMI), some type of contact protection network is
normally installed across the load, the contacts or both. The most effective
location is across the load.
a. Using a snubber, which is a resistor-capacitor (RC) network or metal oxide
varistor (MOV) across an AC inductive load is very effective at reducing
EMI and increasing relay contact life.
b. If a DC inductive load (such as a DC relay coil) is controlled by a transistor
switch, care must be taken not to exceed the breakdown voltage of the
transistor when the load is switched. One of the most effective ways is to
place a diode across the inductive load. Most Red Lion products with solid
state outputs have internal zener diode protection. However external diode
protection at the load is always a good design practice to limit EMI.
Although the use of a snubber or varistor could be used.
Red Lion part numbers: Snubber: SNUB0000
Varistor: ILS11500 or ILS23000
7. Care should be taken when connecting input and output devices to the
instrument. When a separate input and output common is provided, they
should not be mixed. Therefore a sensor common should NOT be connected
to an output common. This would cause EMI on the sensitive input common,
which could affect the instrument’s operation.
Although Red Lion Controls products are designed with a high degree of
immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), proper installation and wiring
methods must be followed to ensure compatibility in each application. The type
of the electrical noise, source or coupling method into a unit may be different
for various installations. Cable length, routing, and shield termination are very
important and can mean the difference between a successful or troublesome
installation. Listed are some EMI guidelines for a successful installation in an
industrial environment.
1. A unit should be mounted in a metal enclosure, which is properly connected
to protective earth.
2. Use shielded cables for all Signal and Control inputs. The shield connection
should be made as short as possible. The connection point for the shield
depends somewhat upon the application. Listed below are the recommended
methods of connecting the shield, in order of their effectiveness.
a. Connect the shield to earth ground (protective earth) at one end where the
unit is mounted.
b. Connect the shield to earth ground at both ends of the cable, usually when
the noise source frequency is over 1 MHz.
3. Never run Signal or Control cables in the same conduit or raceway with AC
power lines, conductors, feeding motors, solenoids, SCR controls, and
heaters, etc. The cables should be run through metal conduit that is properly
grounded. This is especially useful in applications where cable runs are long
and portable two-way radios are used in close proximity or if the installation
is near a commercial radio transmitter. Also, Signal or Control cables within
an enclosure should be routed as far away as possible from contactors, control
relays, transformers, and other noisy components.
4. Long cable runs are more susceptible to EMI pickup than short cable runs.
5. In extremely high EMI environments, the use of external EMI suppression
devices such as Ferrite Suppression Cores for signal and control cables is
Visit http://www.redlion.net/emi for more information on EMI guidelines,
Safety and CE issues as they relate to Red Lion products.
4
1.0 Setting
the
Jumpers
To insure proper operation, the Analog Output jumpers must be set to the same
range selected in programming Module 2-OP. The default jumper setting
is for 20 mA. The default setting in Module 2-OP is 4-20 mA. To
access the jumpers, insert a flat-blade screwdriver between the front
panel and the side case slot. This should disengage the top and
bottom front panel latches from the case grooves. Pull the
front panel assembly with the controller boards out of
the case. The jumpers are located inside the
controller on the left board along the back
top section.
RDY
A1
A2
01
02
F1
(Analog Output Models Only)
LS
RED
RK,
YO
TRO
ON
N C .S.A.
LIO
DE
MA
PA.
IN U
10V (Both jumpers toward
the front of the unit)
°
%
MA
N
%P
W
20mA (Both jumpers toward
the rear of the unit)
VIEW FROM TOP OF UNIT
2.0 Installing
the
Controller
The T16 and P16 controllers meet NEMA 4X/IP65 requirements for indoor
use to provide a watertight seal in steel panels with a minimum thickness of
0.09", or aluminum panels with a
minimum thickness of 0.12". The
controllers are designed to be
PANEL GASKET
mounted into an enclosed panel.
The bezel assembly must be in
place during installation of
BEZEL
the controller.
PANEL
13
14
6
7
PANEL
MOUNTING
SCREW
LATCHING
TABS
8
9
10
LATCHING
SLOTS
PANEL LATCH
Instructions:
1. Prepare the panel cutout to the proper dimensions.
2. Remove the panel latch from the controller. Discard the cardboard sleeve.
3. Carefully remove the center section of the panel gasket and discard. Slide the
panel gasket over the rear of the controller, seating it against the lip at the
front of the case.
4. Insert the controller into the panel cutout. While holding the controller in
place, push the panel latch over the rear of the controller, engaging the tabs
of the panel latch in the farthest forward slot possible.
5. To achieve a proper seal, tighten the panel latch
screws evenly until the controller is snug in the
panel, torquing the screws to approximately 7
in-lb (79 N-cm). Overtightening can result in
1.772 +0.024
-0.000
distortion of the controller, and reduce the
(45 +0.6
)
effectiveness of the seal.
-0.0
Note: The installation location of the controller is
important. Be sure to keep it away from heat
sources (ovens, furnaces, etc.) and away from
1.772 +0.024
direct contact with caustic vapors, oils, steam, or
-0.000
any other process by-products in which exposure
(45 +0.6
-0.0 )
may affect proper operation.
Multiple Controller Stacking
2.39 (60.7)
MAX.
The controller is designed to allow for close spacing of multiple controllers
in applications that do not require protection to NEMA 4X. Controllers can be
stacked either horizontally or vertically. For vertical stacking, install the panel
latch with the screws to the sides of the controller. For horizontal stacking, the
panel latch screws should be at the top and bottom of the controller. The
minimum spacing from centerline to centerline of controllers is 1.96" (49.8
mm). This spacing is the
1.96 (49.8)
same for vertical or
MIN
horizontal stacking.
Note: When stacking
controllers, provide
adequate panel
ventilation to ensure
that the maximum
operating temperature
range is not exceeded.
1.96 (49.8)
MAX
1.96 (49.8)
MAX.
2.39 (60.7)
MAX
STANDARD
PANEL
CUT-OUT
IF NEMA 4 IS NOT REQUIRED,
THIS PANEL MATERIAL MAY BE REMOVED.
5
3.0 Wiring
the
Controller
WIRING CONNECTIONS
codes and regulations. It is recommended that power (AC or DC) supplied to the
controller be protected by a fuse or circuit breaker. Strip the wire, leaving
approximately 1/4" (6 mm) bare wire exposed (stranded wires should be tinned
with solder). Insert the wire under the clamping washer and tighten the screw
until the wire is clamped tightly.
All wiring connections are made to the rear screw terminals. When wiring the
controller, use the numbers on the label and those embossed on the back of the
case, to identify the position number with the proper function.
All conductors should meet voltage and current ratings for each terminal.
Also, cabling should conform to appropriate standards of good installation, local
VDC
CONTROLLER POWER CONNECTIONS
For best results, the power should be relatively “clean” and within
the specified limits. Drawing power from heavily loaded circuits or
from circuits that also power loads that cycle on and off should be
avoided. It is recommended that power supplied to the controller be
protected by a fuse or circuit breaker.
DC+
11
DC12
+
INPUT CONNECTIONS
-
Voltage and Current
Thermocouple and Millivolt
COMM 8
COMM 8
TC+
9
TC+
9
RTD
10
RTD
10
~
AC
12
the preferred method. If a sense wire is not used, then use a jumper. A
temperature offset error will exist. The error may be compensated by
programming a temperature offset.
For two wire RTDs, install a copper sense lead of the same gauge and length
as the RTD leads. Attach one end of the wire at the probe and the other end to
input common terminal. Complete lead wire compensation is obtained. This is
RTD and Resistance
VAC
~
AC
11
TC-
COMM 8
TC+
DC-
10V
9
DC+ VOLTAGE
20mA
10
DC+ CURRENT
CONTROL AND ALARM OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
Alarm Models
LOAD
AC/DC
POWER
2
Main Control Relay Models
N.O.
(+) O1
6
(-) O1
7
A1/O1*
LOAD
AC/DC
POWER
3
COMM.
4
N.O.
(+) O1
COMM.
*A1 becomes main control O1, if selected for
heating in the analog out models.
6
- V/I
7
6
(-) O1
7
+
AC
SSR
POWER
- UNIT
AC
AC POWER
USER INPUT CONNECTIONS
ANALOG DC OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
+ V/I
AC/DC
POWER
Main Control Logic/SSR Models
A2/O2
5
LOAD
USER
INPUT 1
CONTROLLER,
RECORDER
6
8
COMM.
4.0 Reviewing
the
Front Keys
DISPLAYS TEMPERATURE/PROCESS VALUE.
ALSO DISPLAYS PARAMETER NAME IN
CONFIGURATION LOOP.
ILLUMINATES WHEN ALARM 1
OUTPUT IS ACTIVE.
ILLUMINATES WHEN °F or °C
IS SELECTED. (T16 ONLY)
ILLUMINATES WHEN ALARM 2
OUTPUT IS ACTIVE.
ILLUMINATES WHEN COOLING
(SECONDARY) OUTPUT IS ACTIVE.
Display
TOP DISPLAY
FLASHES WHEN RAMPING
SETPOINT IS ACTIVE.
ILLUMINATES WHEN MAIN
CONTROL OUTPUT IS ACTIVE.
and
R
A1
A2
O1
O2
%
MA N
%PW
BOTTOM DISPLAY
FRONT PANEL KEYS
The F1 key is pressed to exit (or escape) directly to the start of the
Display Loop. While in the Display Loop, the F1 key can be pressed to
activate its programmed function.
A
The Loop key is pressed to advance to the next parameter, to activate
a changed selection/value, and when held for three seconds, enter the
Hidden Loop.
ILLUMINATES WHEN CONTROLLER
IS IN MANUAL MODE.
ILLUMINATES WHEN OUTPUT POWER
PERCENTAGE IS SHOWN.
DISPLAYS SETPOINT OR
% OUTPUT POWER.
ALSO DISPLAYS PARAMETER NAME AND VALUE
IN DISPLAY AND HIDDEN LOOPS OR
PARAMETER VALUE IN CONFIGURATION LOOP.
L
ILLUMINATES WHEN PERCENT
IS SELECTED. (P16 ONLY)
BJ
The Arrow keys are used to scroll through parameter selections/
values and in the Configuration Loop they are used to scroll to the
appropriate Parameter Module.
5.0 Programming: Display Loop
DISPLAY LOOP
Note: Setpoint and Output Power are the only parameters visible in the Display Loop with Factory Settings. The remaining parameters can
be selected for the Display Loop within Module 3.
Parameter availability is model and programming dependent.
FRONT DISPLAY
TOP DISPLAY
TEMP/PROCESS
BOTTOM DISPLAY
PARAMETER
SELECTION/VALUE
F1
ENDS AND RETURNS TO START OF DISPLAY LOOP.
ADVANCES TO NEXT PARAMETER.
CHANGES SELECTION/VALUE.
DISPLAY LOOP
When the A is pressed the controller advances to the next parameter in the
Display Loop. Except for Setpoint and % Output Power, the bottom display
alternates between the parameter name and its selection/value. The arrow keys
are pressed to change the selection/value for the shown parameter. The new
selection/value is activated when the A is pressed. Display Loop parameters
may be locked out or hidden in Lockout Module 3-LC. Some parameters are
model and programming dependent.
At power up, all display segments light, and then the programmed input type
and the controller’s software version will flash. Then the Temperature/Process
Value is shown in the top display, and the Setpoint Value is shown in the bottom
display. This is the Display Loop. If the Setpoint is hidden or locked, the Display
Loop will default to Output Power. If Output Power is also hidden or locked out,
the bottom display is blank. During programming, the F1 key can be pressed to
return the controller to this point. (Only in the Display Loop will the F1 key
perform the user F1In function programmed in Input Module 1-IN.)
7
The values shown for the displays are the factory settings.
INTEGRAL TIME
SETPOINT VALUE (SP1) *
T16
to
Integral action shifts the center point position of the proportional band to
eliminate error in the steady state. The higher the integral time, the slower the
response. The optimal integral time is best determined during PID Tuning. If
time is set to zero, the previous Integral output power value is maintained.
Offset Power can be used to provide Manual Reset.
P16
SETPOINT VALUE (SP2) *
20
to
DERIVATIVE TIME
T16
P16
Typically, the controller is operating with the Setpoint value in the bottom
display. There is no annunciator nor parameter indication for Setpoint in the
Display Loop. The parameter name alternates with the setpoint value in the
Hidden Loop. The Setpoint value can be changed, activated and stored by
pressing the arrow keys. This is the only parameter that can be configured as
read only in the Display Loop, but read/write in the Hidden Loop. It is possible
to store a second Setpoint value that can be selected in the Hidden Loop, by the
F1 key or the user input. Both Setpoint values are limited by the Setpoint Low
and High Limits in Input Module 1-IN.
ALARM 1 VALUE
to
to
P16
ALARM 2 VALUE
OUTPUT POWER OFFSET
to
T16
to
P16
On models with alarms, the value for Alarm 2 can be entered here. The value
is either absolute (absolute alarm types) or relative to the Setpoint value
(deviation and band alarm types.) When Alarm 2 is programmed for or
, this parameter is not available. For more details on alarms, see the Alarm
Module .
When the Integral Time is set to zero and the controller is in the Automatic
Mode, this parameter will appear after % Output Power. It is also shown with
the %PW annunciator illuminated. The power offset is used to shift the
proportional band to compensate for errors in the steady state. If Integral Action
is later invoked, the controller will re-calculate the internal integral value to
provide “bumpless” transfer and Output Power Offset will not be necessary.
PROPORTIONAL BAND
T16
On models with alarms, the value for Alarm 1 can be entered here. The value
is either absolute (absolute alarm types) or relative to the Setpoint value
(deviation and band alarm types.) When Alarm 1 is programmed for or
, this parameter is not available. For more details on alarms, see Alarm
Module 4-AL.
The % Output Power is shown with the %PW annunciator. The parameter
name alternates with the % Output Power value in the Hidden Loop. While the
controller is in Automatic Mode, this value is read only. When the controller is
placed in Manual Mode, the value can be changed, activated and stored by
pressing the arrow keys. For more details on % Output Power, see Control
Mode Explanations.
to seconds per repeat
Derivative time helps to stabilize the response, but too high of a derivative
time, coupled with noisy signal processes, may cause the output to fluctuate too
greatly, yielding poor control. Setting the time to zero disables derivative action.
% OUTPUT POWER *
to seconds
* Alternating indication only used in the Hidden Loop.
to
(% of full input range)
The proportional band should be set to obtain the best response to a process
disturbance while minimizing overshoot. A proportional band of 0.0% forces
the controller into On/Off Control with its characteristic cycling at Setpoint. For
more information, see Control Mode and PID Tuning Explanations.
8
6.0 Programming: Hidden Loop
HIDDEN LOOP
To enter Hidden Loop, press A for 3 seconds.
Note: Parameters shown bold are the only parameters visible in the Hidden Loop with Factory Settings. Setpoint and Output Power are
factory set for the Display Loop. The remaining parameters can be selected for the Hidden Loop within Module 3.
Parameter availability is model and programming dependent.
FRONT DISPLAY
TOP DISPLAY
TEMP/PROCESS
BOTTOM DISPLAY
PARAMETER
SELECTION/VALUE
F1
ENDS AND RETURNS TO START OF DISPLAY LOOP.
ADVANCES TO NEXT PARAMETER.
CHANGES SELECTION/VALUE.
HIDDEN LOOP
When A is pressed and held for three seconds, the controller advances to the
Hidden Loop. The Temperature/Process Value is shown in the top display. The
bottom display alternates between the parameter and its selection/value. B or
J is pressed to change the selection/value for the shown parameter. The new
selection/value is activated after A is pressed. When L is pressed, the
controller returns to the Display Loop and stores changed selection/values to
permanent memory. Hidden Loop parameters may be locked out in Lockout
Module . Some parameters are model and programming dependent.
SETPOINT RAMP RATE
The setpoint ramp rate can reduce sudden shock to the process and reduce
overshoot on startup or after setpoint changes, by ramping the setpoint at a
controlled rate. R annunciator flashes while ramping. With the T16, the ramp rate
is always in tenths of degrees per minute, regardless of the resolution chosen for
the process display. With the P16, the ramp rate is in least-significant (display
units) digits per minute. A value of 0.0 or 0 disables setpoint ramping. Once the
ramping setpoint reaches the target setpoint, the setpoint ramp rate disengages
until the setpoint is changed again. If the ramp value is changed during ramping,
the new ramp rate takes effect. If the setpoint is ramping prior to starting AutoTune, the ramping is suspended during Auto-Tune and then resumed afterward.
Deviation and band alarms are relative to the target setpoint, not the ramping
setpoint. A slow process may not track the programmed setpoint rate. At power
up, the ramping setpoint is initialized at the ambient temperature/process value.
ACCESS CODE
to
If the Access Code is set from 1 to 125, in Lockout Module 3-LC, Access
Code will appear here. By entering the proper Code, access to the Hidden Loop
is permitted. With the factory setting of 0, Access Code will not appear in the
Hidden Loop. A universal code of 111 can be entered to gain access,
independent of the programmed code number.
CONTROL MODE TRANSFER
SETPOINT SELECT
to
or
In Automatic Mode, the percentage of Output Power is automatically
determined by the controller. In Manual/User Mode, the percentage of
Output Power is adjusted manually while in the Display Loop. The Control
Mode can also be transferred through the F1 Key or User Input. For more
information, see Control Mode Explanations.
The SPSL function allows the operator to switch from or to, setpoint 1 and
setpoint 2. In the Display Loop, there is no annunciator indicating the selected
Setpoint, however, the selected Setpoint value is displayed and activated.
9
AUTO-TUNE START
ACCESS CODE
The Auto-Tune procedure of the controller sets the Proportional Band,
Integral Time, Derivative Time, Digital Filter, Control Output Dampening
Time, and Relative Gain (Heat/Cool) values appropriate to the characteristics of
the process. This parameter allows front panel starting or stopping of
Auto-Tune. For more information, see PID Tuning Explanations.
If the Access Code is set from -1 to -125, in Lockout Module , Access
Code will appear here. By entering the proper Code, access to the Configuration
Loop is permitted (with a negative Code value, the Hidden Loop can be
accessed without the use of a code). With the factory setting of 0 or with an
active User Input configured for Program Lock (), Access Code will not
appear here. An active user input configured for Program Lock () always
locks out the Configuration Loop, regardless of Access Code.
ALARMS RESET
to
With alarm models, the alarms can be manually reset. The up key resets
Alarm 1 and the down key resets Alarm 2.
7.0 Programming: Configuration Loop
HIDDEN
LOOP
CONFIGURATION LOOP
DISPLAY
LOOP
INPUT
PARAMETERS
MODULE
OUTPUT
PARAMETERS
MODULE
FRONT DISPLAY
TOP DISPLAY
TEMP/PROCESS
BOTTOM DISPLAY
CNFP/MODULE
LOCKOUT
PARAMETERS
MODULE
ALARM
PARAMETERS
MODULE
F1
COOLING
PARAMETERS
MODULE
FACTORY
SERVICE
MODULE
ENDS AND RETURNS TO START OF DISPLAY LOOP.
ENTERS MODULE OR AT CNFP/NO
RETURNS TO DISPLAY LOOP.
ADVANCES TO NEXT MODULE.
To access the Configuration Loop, press the up key when / is displayed
in the Hidden Loop. The arrow keys are used to select the parameter module
(1-9). To enter a specific module press A while the module number is
displayed. In the Configuration Loop, will alternate with the parameter
number in the bottom display. The Temperature/Process Value is shown in the
top display.
After entering a parameter module, press A to advance through the
parameter names in the module. To change a parameter’s selection/value, press
the arrow keys while the parameter is displayed. In the modules, the top display
shows the parameter name, and the bottom display shows the selection/value.
Use A to enter any selection/values that have been changed. The change is not
committed to permanent memory until the controller is returned to the Display
Loop. If a power loss occurs before returning to the Display Loop, the new
values must be entered again.
At the end of each module, the controller returns to /. At this location,
pressing A again returns the display to the the Display Loop. Pressing the Up
key allows re-entrance to the Configuration Loop. Whenever L is pressed,
momentarily appears as the parameters are stored to permanent memory and the
controller returns to the Display Loop.
FRONT DISPLAY
TOP DISPLAY
PARAMETER
BOTTOM DISPLAY
SELECTION/VALUE
F1
ENDS AND RETURNS TO START
OF DISPLAY LOOP.
ADVANCES TO NEXT PARAMETER OR
AT RETURNS TO DISPLAY LOOP.
ADVANCES SELECTION/VALUE.
10
7.1 MODULE 1 - Input Parameters (1-IN) T16 Only
PARAMETER MENU
INPUT
TYPE
TEMP
SCALE
DECIMAL
RESOLUTION
DIGITAL
FILTERING
SHIFT/
OFFSET
SETPOINT
LOW LIMIT
SETPOINT
HIGH LIMIT
INPUT TYPE
SELECTION TYPE
j
T TC
E TC
J TC
K TC
R TC
S TC
B TC
TYPE
N TC
C TC
RTD 385
RTD 392
SETPOINT HIGH LIMIT
Linear Ohms
Fahrenheit
Celsius
USER INPUT FUNCTION (OPTIONAL)
DECIMAL RESOLUTION
SELECTION
to for temperature and resistance inputs
for mV inputs
Select whole degrees, or tenths of degrees for Temperature display, Setpoint
values, and related parameters. For Linear Resistance inputs , the same
parameter selections apply in ohms or tenths of an ohm. For mV inputs ,
only hundredths of a mV resolution is available.
FUNCTION
No Function
Program Lock
Integral Action Lock
SELECTION
FUNCTION
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select
Setpoint Ramp Disable
Reset Both Alarms
Auto/Manual Select
The controller performs the selected User Input function (User Input
available only on models with alarms), when the User terminal 1 is connected
(pulled low) to Common terminal 8.
No Function: No function is performed.
Program Lock: The Configuration Loop is locked, as long as activated
(maintained action).
Integral Action Lock: The integral action of the PID computation is disabled
(frozen), as long as activated (maintained action).
Auto/Manual Select: This function selects (maintained action) Automatic
(open) or Manual Control (activated).
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select: This function selects (maintained action) Setpoint
1(open) or Setpoint 2 (activated) as the active setpoint.
Setpoint Ramp Disable: The setpoint ramping feature is disabled, as long as
activated (maintained action). Any time the user input is activated with a
ramp in process, ramping is aborted.
Reset Alarms: Active alarms are reset, as long as activated (maintained action).
Active alarms are reset until the alarm condition is cleared and triggered
again (momentary action).
DIGITAL FILTERING
= least to = most
The filter is an adaptive digital filter that discriminates between measurement
noise and actual process changes. If the signal is varying too greatly due to
measurement noise, increase the filter value. If the fastest controller response is
needed, decrease the filter value.
SHIFT/OFFSET
to
The controller has a programmable high setpoint limit value to restrict the
setting range of the setpoint. Set the limit so that the setpoint value cannot be
set above the safe operating area of the process.
Select either degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. For linear mV and ohms input
types, this has no effect. If changed, adjust related parameter values, as the
controller does not automatically convert them.
to
RTD 672
TEMPERATURE SCALE
F1 KEY
FUNCTION
The controller has a programmable low setpoint limit value to restrict the
setting range of the setpoint. Set the limit so that the setpoint value cannot be
set below the safe operating area of the process.
Linear mV
Select the input type that corresponds to the input sensor.
USER
INPUT
SETPOINT LOW LIMIT
SELECTION
to degrees
This value offsets the controller’s temperature display value by the entered
amount. This is useful in applications in which the sensor cannot provide the
actual temperature signal due to mounting constraints, inaccuracy, etc.
11
F1 KEY FUNCTION
The controller performs the selected F1 Key Function, when L is pressed
while in the Display Loop. In any other loop or module location, pressing L
will perform an escape to the Display Loop.
No Function: No function is performed.
Auto/Manual Select: This function toggles (momentary action) the controller
between Automatic and Manual Control.
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select: This function toggles (momentary action) the controller
between Setpoint 1 and Setpoint 2.
Reset Alarms: This function can be used to reset one or both of the alarms
when activated (momentary action) The alarm will remain reset until the
alarm condition is cleared and triggered again.
SELECTION
FUNCTION
SELECTION
No Function
Auto/Manual Select
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select
FUNCTION
Reset Alarm 1
Reset Alarm 2
Reset Both Alarms
7.1 MODULE 1 - Input Parameters (1-IN) P16 Only
PARAMETER MENU
A
A
INPUT
TYPE
PERCENT
SYMBOL
DECIMAL
ROUNDING
RESOLUTION INCREMENT
DIGITAL
FILTERING
DISPLAY
VALUE 1
INPUT
VALUE 1
INPUT TYPE
SELECTION
TYPE
Current
Voltage
On
Off
SETPOINT
HIGH LIMIT
USER
INPUT
F1 KEY
FUNCTION
to
Enter the first coordinate Display Value by using the arrow keys.
DECIMAL RESOLUTION
INPUT VALUE SCALING POINT 1
This selection affects the decimal point placement for the Process value, and
related parameters.
to mA
to V
For Key-in Method, enter the first coordinate Input Value by using the arrow
keys. To allow the P16 to “learn” the signal, use the Applied Method. For Applied
Method, press L. The ° annunciator is turned on to indicate the applied method.
Adjust the applied signal level externally until the appropriate value appears
under . Using either method, press A to store the value for . (The
controller can be toggled back to the Key-in Method by pressing L before A.)
ROUNDING INCREMENT
to
In steps of 1 least significant digit,
regardless of decimal point.
Rounding selections other than 1 cause the process value display to round to
the nearest rounding increment selected. (For example, rounding of 5 causes 122
to round to 120 and 123 to round to 125.) Rounding starts at the least significant
digit of the process value. Setpoint values, Setpoint limits, Alarm values, Input
Scaling values, and Analog Scaling values are not affected by rounding.
DISPLAY VALUE SCALING POINT 2
DIGITAL FILTERING
SETPOINT
LOW LIMIT
DISPLAY VALUE SCALING POINT 1
This only illuminates the % annunciator. It does not perform any type of
percent function, but is useful in applications that have been scaled in percent.
INPUT
VALUE 2
To scale the controller, two scaling points are necessary. Each scaling point has
a coordinate pair of Display Values and Input Values. It is recommended that the
two scaling points be at the low and high ends of the input signal being measured.
Process value scaling will be linear between and continue past the entered points
to the limits of the input range. (Factory settings example will display 0.0 at 4.00
mA input and display 100.0 at 20.00 mA input.) Reverse acting indication can be
accomplished by reversing the two signal points or the Display value points, but
not both. If both are reversed, forward (normal) acting indication will occur. In
either case, do not reverse the input wires to change the action.
PERCENT ANNUNCIATOR
DISPLAY
VALUE 2
SCALING
Select the input type that corresponds to the input signal.
to
Enter the second coordinate Display Value by using the arrow keys.
= least to = most
The filter is an adaptive digital filter that discriminates between measurement
noise and actual process changes. If the signal is varying too greatly due to
measurement noise, increase the filter value. If the fastest controller response is
needed, decrease the filter value.
12
INPUT VALUE SCALING POINT 2
F1 KEY FUNCTION
to mA
to V
SELECTION
For Key-in Method, enter the second coordinate Input Value by using the
arrow keys. To allow the P16 to “learn” the signal, use the Applied Method. For
Applied Method, press L. The ° annunciator is turned on to indicate the
applied method. Adjust the applied signal level externally until the appropriate
value appears under . Using either method, press A to store the value for
. (The controller can be toggled back to the Key-in Method by pressing L
before A.)
to
The controller has a programmable low setpoint limit value to restrict the
setting range of the setpoint. Set the limit so that the setpoint value cannot be
set below the safe operating area of the process.
SETPOINT HIGH LIMIT
to
The controller has a programmable high setpoint limit value to restrict the
setting range of the setpoint. Set the limit so that the setpoint value cannot be
set above the safe operating area of the process.
USER INPUT FUNCTION (OPTIONAL)
SELECTION
FUNCTION
No Function
Program Lock
Integral Action Lock
SELECTION
Auto/Manual Select
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select
SELECTION
FUNCTION
Reset Alarm 1
Reset Alarm 2
Reset Both Alarms
The controller performs the selected F1 key function, when L is pressed
while in the Display Loop. In any other loop or module location, pressing L
will perform an escape to the Display Loop.
No Function: No function is performed.
Auto/Manual Select: This function toggles (momentary action) the controller
between Automatic and Manual Control.
Setpoint 1 or 2 Selection: This function toggles (momentary action) the
controller between Setpoint 1 and Setpoint 2.
Reset Alarms: This function can be used to reset one or both of the alarms
when activated (momentary action). The alarm will remain reset until the
alarm condition is cleared and triggered again.
SETPOINT LOW LIMIT
0.0
FUNCTION
No Function
FUNCTION
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select
Setpoint Ramp Disable
Reset Both Alarms
Auto/Manual Select
The controller performs the selected User Input function (User Input
available only on models with alarms), when the User terminal 1 is connected
(pulled low) to Common terminal 8.
No Function: No function is performed.
Program Lock: The Configuration Loop is locked, as long as activated
(maintained action).
Integral Action Lock: The integral action of the PID computation is disabled
(frozen), as long as activated (maintained action).
Auto/Manual Select: This function selects (maintained action) Automatic
(open) or Manual Control (activated).
Setpoint 1 or 2 Select: This function selects (maintained action) Setpoint
1(open) or Setpoint 2 (activated) as the active setpoint.
Setpoint Ramp Disable: The setpoint ramping feature is disabled, as long as
activated (maintained action). Any time the user input is activated with a
ramp in process, ramping is aborted.
Reset Alarms: Active alarms are reset, as long as activated (maintained action).
Active alarms are reset until the alarm condition is cleared and triggered
again (momentary action).
13
7.2 MODULE 2 - Output Parameters (2-OP)
2-OP
CYCt
CYCLE
TIME
PARAMETER MENU
OPAC
OPLO
CONTROL
ACTION
OPHI
OUTPUT
POWER
LOW LIMIT
OUTPUT
POWER
HIGH LIMIT
OPFL
SENSOR FAIL
POWER
LEVEL
OPdP
OUTPUT
POWER
DAMPENING
tcod
CHYS
ON/OFF
AUTO-TUNE
CODE
CONTROL
HYSTERESIS
CNFP
ANtP
to seconds
ANHI
ANALOG
LOW
SCALING
ANALOG
HIGH
SCALING
OUTPUT POWER DAMPENING
Direct (cooling)
Reverse (heating)
to seconds
T16
P16
The Dampening Time, entered as a time constant in seconds, dampens
(filters) the calculated output power. Increasing the value increases the
dampening effect. Generally, dampening times in the range of one-twentieth to
one-fiftieth of the controller’s integral time (or process time constant) are
effective. Dampening times longer than these may cause controller instability
due to the added lag effect.
This determines the control action for the PID loop. Programmed for direct
action (cooling), the output power will increase if the Process value is above the
Setpoint value. Programmed for reverse action (heating), the output power
decreases when the Process Value is above the Setpoint Value. For heat and cool
applications, this is typically set to reverse. This allows O1 or A1 (models with
Analog Output) to be used for heating, and A2/O2 to be used for cooling.
ON/OFF CONTROL HYSTERESIS
OUTPUT POWER LOWER LIMIT
to percent O1
to percent O1/O2
to
T16
P16
The controller can be placed in the On/Off Control Mode by setting the
Proportional Band to 0.0%. The On/Off Control Hysteresis (balanced around
the setpoint) eliminates output chatter. In heat/cool applications, the control
hysteresis value affects both Output O1 and Output O2 control. It is suggested
to set the hysteresis band to Factory Setting prior to starting Auto-Tune. After
Auto-Tune, the hysteresis band has no effect on PID Control. On/Off Control
Hysteresis is illustrated in the On/Off Control Mode section.
This parameter may be used to limit controller power at the lower end due to
process disturbances or setpoint changes. Enter the safe output power limits for
the process. If Alarm 2 is selected for cooling, the range is from -100 to +100%.
At 0%, both O1 and O2 are off; at 100%, O1 is on; and at -100%, O2 is on.
When the controller is in Manual Control Mode, this limit does not apply.
OUTPUT POWER UPPER LIMIT
ANLO
ANALOG
UPDATE
TIME
to percent O1
to percent O1/O2
CONTROL ACTION
ANUt
This parameter sets the power level for the control outputs in the event of a
sensor failure. If Alarm 2 is not selected for cooling, the range is from 0% (O1
output full off) to 100% (O1 output full on). If A2 is selected for cooling, the
range is from -100 to +100%. At 0%, both O1 and O2 are off; at 100%, O1 is
on; and at -100%, O2 is on. The alarm outputs are upscale drive with an open
sensor, and downscale drive with a shorted sensor (RTD only), independent of
this setting. Manual Control overrides the sensor fail preset.
The Cycle Time is entered in seconds with one tenth of a second resolution.
It is the total time for one on and one off period of the time proportioning
control output O1. With time proportional control, the percentage of power is
converted into an output on-time relative to the cycle time value set. (If the
controller calculates that 65% power is required and a cycle time of 10.0
seconds is set, the output will be on for 6.5 seconds and off for 3.5 seconds.)
For best control, a cycle time equal to one-tenth or less, of the natural period of
oscillation of the process is recommended. When using the Analog Output
signal for control, the Cycle Time setting has no effect. If the O1 output is not
being used, a cycle time of 0 can be entered to prevent the output and indicator
from cycling.
ANALOG
OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT
SENSOR FAIL POWER LEVEL
CYCLE TIME
ANAS
ANALOG
OUTPUT
RANGE
AUTO-TUNE CODE
to percent O1
to percent O1/O2
This parameter may be used to limit controller power at the upper end due to
process disturbances or setpoint changes. Enter the safe output power limits for
the process. If Alarm 2 is selected for cooling, the range is from -100 to +100%.
At 0%, both O1 and O2 are off; at 100%, O1 is on; and at -100%, O2 is on.
When the controller is in Manual Control Mode, this limit does not apply.
fastest to slowest
Prior to starting Auto-Tune, this code should be set to achieve the necessary
dampening level under PID Control. This value allows customization of the PID
values that Auto-Tune will calculate. For the process to be controlled aggressively
(fastest process response with possible overshoot), set the Auto-Tune Code to 0.
For the process to be controlled conservatively (slowest response with the least
amount of overshoot), set this value to 2. If the Auto-Tune Code is changed,
Auto-Tune needs to be reinitiated for the changes to affect the PID settings. For
more information, see PID Tuning Explanations Section.
14
ANALOG LOW SCALING (OPTIONAL)
ANALOG OUTPUT RANGE (OPTIONAL)
V mA
mA
ANLO
Select the type of output and range. The Analog output jumpers are factory
set to current. They must be changed if voltage output is desired. The Analog
output can be calibrated to provide up to approximately 5% over range
operation (0 mA current can only go slightly negative).
The Analog Output assignment value that corresponds to 0 V, 0 mA or 4 mA
output as selected.
ANALOG HIGH SCALING (OPTIONAL)
ANALOG OUTPUT ASSIGNMENT (OPTIONAL)
-999 to 9999
Main Control % Output Power
Input Signal Retransmission
Active Setpoint
-999 to 9999
The Analog Output assignment value that corresponds to 10 V or 20 mA
output as selected. An inverse acting output can be achieved by reversing the
low and high scaling points.
This setting selects the parameter that the Analog Output will retransmit or
track.
ANALOG UPDATE TIME (OPTIONAL)
to seconds
= update rate of 0.1 second
The update time of the Analog Output can be used to reduce excess valve
actuator or pen recorder activity.
7.3 MODULE 3 - Lockout Parameters (3-LC)
PARAMETER MENU
SETPOINT
ACCESS
SELECTION
OUTPUT
POWER
ACCESS
PID
VALUES
ACCESS
ALARM
VALUES
ACCESS
ACCESS
CODE
SETPOINT
SELECT
ACCESS
Hide: accessible in Hidden Loop.
Locked: not accessible in either loop.
Display/read: read only in Display Loop,
(SP only) but read/write in Hidden Loop.
PID VALUES
ACCESS
CONTROL
TRANSFER
ACCESS
AUTO-TUNE
START
ACCESS
RESET
ALARMS
ACCESS
to 125
to
The following parameters can be configured for , , and .
OUTPUT
POWER
ACCESS
SETPOINT
RAMP
ACCESS
ACCESS CODE
DESCRIPTION
Display: accessible in Display Loop.
SETPOINT
ACCESS
to
Full access to Display, Hidden,
and Configuration Loops
Code necessary to access
Configuration Loop only.
Code necessary to access
Hidden and Configuration Loops.
The following parameters can be configured for or only.
ALARM
VALUES
ACCESS
SETPOINT
SELECT
ACCESS
SETPOINT
RAMP
ACCESS
CONTROL
TRANSFER
ACCESS
AUTO-TUNE
START
ACCESS
15
RESET
ALARMS
ACCESS
7.4 MODULE 4 - Alarm Parameters (4-AL) (Optional)
PARAMETER MENU
4-AL
CNFP
ACt1
Lit1
rSt1
Stb1
AL-1
ACt2
Lit2
rSt2
stb2
AL-2
AHYS
ALARM 1
ACTION
ALARM 1
ANNUNCIATOR
ALARM 1
RESET
MODE
ALARM 1
STANDBY
ALARM 1
VALUE
ALARM 2
ACTION
ALARM 2
ANNUNCIATOR
ALARM 2
RESET
MODE
ALARM 2
STANDBY
ALARM 2
VALUE
ALARM 1 & 2
HYSTERESIS
AVAILABLE ALARM ACTIONS
Deviation High
Alarm 1 and 2 value tracks the
Setpoint value
Deviation Low
Alarm 1 and 2 value tracks the
Setpoint value
Band Acting
(inside)
Alarm 1 and 2 value tracks the
Setpoint value
Band Acting
(outside)
Alarm 1 and 2 value tracks the
Setpoint value
Absolute High
The alarm energizes when the Process
(unbalanced hysteresis) Value exceeds the alarm value.
Heat (A1 Analog
models only)
If heating is selected, the remaining
Alarm 1 parameters are not available.
Absolute Low
The alarm energizes when the Process
(unbalanced hysteresis) Value falls below the alarm value.
Cool
(A2 only)
If cooling is selected, the remaining
Alarm 2 parameters are not available.
None
No action, the remaining Alarm
parameters are not available.
Absolute High
(balanced hysteresis)
The alarm energizes when the Process
Value exceeds the alarm value + 1/2
the hysteresis value.
Absolute Low
(balanced hysteresis)
The alarm energizes when the Process
Value falls below the alarm value -1/2
the hysteresis value.
ALARM ACTION FIGURES
AL
SP
AL + ½Hys
Hys
SP + (-AL)
AL
AL - Hys
Hys
Hys
AL - ½Hys
ALARM
STATE
OFF
ON
ALARM
STATE
OFF
ALARM
STATE
TRIGGER POINTS
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
TRIGGER POINTS
TRIGGER POINTS
Absolute High Acting (Unbalanced Hys)
Deviation High Acting (AL< 0)
Absolute Low Acting (Balanced Hys)
SP + AL
AL + Hys
ON
OFF
SP + AL
Hys
Hys
SP
Hys
SP
AL
Hys
SP - AL
ALARM
STATE
OFF
OFF
ON
ALARM
STATE
OFF
TRIGGER POINTS
ON
OFF
ALARM OFF
STATE
SP
AL
ON
OFF
Band Outside Acting
Deviation High Acting (AL > 0)
AL + ½Hys
OFF
TRIGGER POINTS
TRIGGER POINTS
Absolute Low Acting (Unbalanced Hys)
ON
Hys
SP + AL
SP
Hys
Hys
SP - AL
SP - AL
Hys
AL - ½Hys
ALARM
STATE
OFF
ON
OFF
ALARM
STATE
TRIGGER POINTS
OFF
ON
TRIGGER POINTS
Deviation Low Acting (AL > 0)
Note: Hys inAbsolute
the above
to the
Alarm Hysteresis.
Highfigures
Acting refers
(Balanced
Hys)
16
OFF
ALARM
STATE
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
TRIGGER POINTS
Band Inside Acting
ON
ALARM ACTION ALARM 1
ALARM ANNUNCIATOR ALARM 2
Normal
Reverse
Select the action for the alarms. See Alarm Action Figures for a visual
explanation.
With normal selection, the alarm annunciator indicates “on” alarm output 2.
With reverse selection, the alarm annunciator indicates “off” alarm output.
ALARM ANNUNCIATOR ALARM 1
ALARM RESET MODE ALARM 2
Lit1
Normal
Reverse
In Automatic mode, an energized alarm turns off automatically after the
Temperature/Process value leaves the alarm region. In Latched mode, an
energized alarm requires an F1 key or user input alarm reset to turn off. After an
alarm reset, the alarm remains reset off until the trigger point is crossed again.
With normal selection, the alarm annunciator indicates “on” alarm output 1.
With reverse selection, the alarm annunciator indicates “off” alarm output.
ALARM RESET MODE ALARM 1
Automatic
Latched
ALARM STANDBY ALARM 2
In Automatic mode, an energized alarm turns off automatically after the
Temperature/Process value leaves the alarm region. In Latched mode, an
energized alarm requires an F1 key or user input alarm reset to turn off. After an
alarm reset, the alarm remains reset off until the trigger point is crossed again.
Standby on
Standby off
ALARM VALUE ALARM 2
Standby prevents nuisance (typically low level) alarms after a power up or
setpoint change. After powering up the controller or changing the setpoint, the
process must leave the alarm region (enter normal non-alarm area of operation).
After this has occurred, the standby is disabled and the alarm responds normally
until the next controller power up or setpoint change.
P16
to
ALARM HYSTERESIS
T16
P16
The alarm values are entered as process units or degrees. They can also be
entered in the Display or Hidden Loops. When the alarm is configured as
deviation or band acting, the associated output tracks the Setpoint as it is
changed. The value entered is the offset or difference from the Setpoint.
to
T16
P16
The Hysteresis Value is either added to or subtracted from the alarm value,
depending on the alarm action selected. The same value applies to both alarms.
See the Alarm Action Figures for a visual explanation of how alarm actions are
affected by the hysteresis.
ALARM ACTION ALARM 2
to
T16
The alarm values are entered as process units or degrees. They can also be
entered in the Display or Hidden Loops. When the alarm is configured as
deviation or band acting, the associated output tracks the Setpoint as it is
changed. The value entered is the offset or difference from the Setpoint.
ALARM VALUE ALARM 1
Standby on
Standby off
Standby prevents nuisance (typically low level) alarms after a power up or
setpoint change. After powering up the controller or changing the setpoint, the
process must leave the alarm region (enter normal non-alarm area of operation).
After this has occurred, the standby is disabled and the alarm responds normally
until the next controller power up or setpoint change.
ALARM STANDBY ALARM 1
Automatic
Latched
Select the action for the alarms. See Alarm Action Figures for a visual
explanation.
17
7.5 MODULE 5 - Cooling (Secondary) Parameters (5-O2)
PARAMETER MENU
5-O2
CYC2
gAN2
COOLING
CYCLE
TIME
COOLING
RELATIVE
GAIN
db-2
HEAT/COOL
DEADBAND/
OVERLAP
To enable Cooling in Heat/Cool applications, the Alarm 2 Action must first
be set for Cooling. (For P16 Controllers, the cooling output is sometimes
referred to as secondary output.) When set to cooling, the output no longer
operates as an alarm but operates as a cooling output. The O2 terminals are the
same as A2, however a separate O2 annunciator indicates Cooling Operation.
Cooling output power ranges from -100% (full cooling) to 0% (no cooling,
unless a heat/cool overlap is used). The Power Limits in Output Module 2-OP
also limit the cooling power. In applications requiring only a Cooling output,
the main 01 output should be used.
DEADBAND/OVERLAP
to
This defines the overlap area in which both heating and cooling are active
(negative value) or the deadband area between the bands (positive value). If a
heat/cool overlap is specified, the percent output power is the sum of the heat
power (O1) and the cool power (O2). If Relative Gain is zero, the cooling
output operates in the On/Off Control Mode, with the On/Off Control
Hysteresis in Output Module becoming the cooling output hysteresis.
The function of Deadband is illustrated in the Control Mode Explanations. For
most applications, set this parameter to 0.0 prior to starting Auto-Tune. After
the completion of Auto-Tune, this parameter may be changed.
CYCLE TIME
CNFP
to seconds
This cycle time functions like the O1 Output Cycle Time but allows
independent cycle time for cooling. A setting of zero will keep output O2 off.
RELATIVE GAIN
to
This defines the gain of the cooling relative to the heating. It is generally set
to balance the effects of cooling to that of heating. This is illustrated in the Heat/
Cool Relative Gain Figures. A value of 0.0 places the cooling output into On/
Off Control.
HEAT/COOL RELATIVE GAIN FIGURES
O1
+100%
2X PROPORTIONAL
BAND
DEADBAND
NEGATIVE VALUE
O2
-100%
RELATIVE GAIN
O1
+100%
2
1
.5
O2
-100%
%
%
OUTPUT
POWER
OUTPUT
POWER
HEAT
COOL
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE GAIN = .5
COOL
HEAT
SETPOINT
Heat/Cool Deadband = 0
O1
+100%
SETPOINT
Heat/Cool Deadband < 0
DEADBAND
POSITIVE VALUE
RELATIVE GAIN
2
1
.5
O2
-100%
%
OUTPUT
POWER
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE GAIN = .5
HEAT
COOL
SETPOINT
Heat/Cool Deadband > 0
18
7.5 MODULE 9 Factory Service Operations (9-FS)
PARAMETER MENU
FACTORY
SERVICE CODE
RTD Resistance (T16)
CALIBRATION
RTD calibration requires a precision 277.0 ohm resistor with an accuracy of
0.1 Ω (or better). Connect a jumper between terminals 9 and 10 with a 0 ohm
jumper between 9 and 8 at and the 277.0 ohm resistor between 9 and 8 at
. If using thermocouple only, the RTD calibration need not be performed.
The controller is fully calibrated from the factory. Recalibration is
recommended every two years by qualified technicians using appropriate
equipment. Calibration may be performed by using the front panel or with the
TP16KIT. The front panel method is explained below. (Refer to the TP16KIT
bulletin for calibration instructions using TP16KIT cable and software.)
Calibration may be aborted by disconnecting power to the controller before
exiting Factory Service Module . In this case, the existing calibration
settings remain in effect.
Note: Allow the controller to warm up for 30 minutes minimum and follow
the manufacturer’s warm-up recommendations for the calibration source or
measuring device.
PROMPT
APPLY
FRONT PANEL ACTION
Press J until
, press A.
Press A.
Press A.
Press B for
, press A.
0.0 ohm
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
277.0 ohm
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
Input Calibration (P16)
Process calibration requires a precision signal source with an accuracy of
0.03% (or better) that is capable of generating 10.0 V connected to terminals 8
(COMM) and 9 (+10V) and 20.00 mA connected to terminals 8 (COMM) and
10 (20mA). The current calibration can be skipped by pressing A at the not
applicable prompts if using the controller for process voltage only.
Millivolt Calibration (T16)
Millivolt calibration requires a precision voltage source with an accuracy of
0.03% (or better) connected to terminals 8 (comm.) and 9 (+). When calibrating
the input, the millivolt calibration must be performed first, then the Cold Junction
or RTD Resistance.
PROMPT
APPLY
PROMPT
FRONT PANEL ACTION
Press J until
Press B for
, press A.
, press A.
0.0 ohm
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
14.0 mV
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
28.0 mV
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
42.0 mV
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
56.0 mV
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
Cold Junction (T16)
Cold Junction calibration requires a thermocouple of known accuracy of
types T, E, J, K, C or N (connected to terminals 8 and 9) and a calibrated
external reference thermocouple probe measuring in °C with resolution to
tenths. The two probes should be brought in contact with each other or in some
way held at the same temperature. They should be shielded from air movement
and allowed sufficient time to equalize in temperature. (As an alternative, the
T16 thermocouple may be placed in a calibration bath of known temperature.)
If performing the millivolt calibration prior, verify that the correct input type is
configured in Input Module before performing the following procedure.
(After the millivolt calibration the controller will default to type J.) If using RTD
only, the cold junction calibration need not be performed.
PROMPT
COMPARE
FRONT PANEL ACTION
Press J until
, press A.
Press A.
Press B for
Top display to
external
reference
, press A.
Press B or J to adjust the
bottom display until the top
process display matches the
external reference then press A.
19
APPLY
FRONT PANEL ACTION
Press J until
Press B for
, press A.
, press A.
0.0 ohm
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
2.5 V
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
5.0 V
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
7.5 V
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
10.0 V
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
0.0 mA
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
20.0 mA
After 5 seconds (minimum), press A.
Analog Output Calibration (T16 and P16)
RESTORE FACTORY SETTINGS
Set the controller Analog jumpers to the output type being calibrated.
Connect an external meter with an accuracy of 0.05% (or better) that is capable
of measuring 10.00 V or 20.00 mA to terminals 6 (+V/I) and 7 (-V/I). The
voltage or current calibration that is not being used must be skipped by pressing
A until End appears.
PROMPT
EXTERNAL
METER
Press and hold B to display . Press A. The controller will display
and then return to . Press L to return to the Display Loop. This will
overwrite all user settings with Factory Settings.
FRONT PANEL ACTION
Press J until
, press A.
Press A.
NOMINAL CALIBRATION SETTINGS
Press A. (T16 only)
Press A. (T16 only)
Press B for
YES, press A.
0.00 V
Press B or J until external meter
matches listing, press A.
10.00 V
Press B or J until external meter
matches listing, press A.
0.0 mA
Press B or J until external meter
matches listing, press A.
20.0 mA
Press B or J until external meter
matches listing, press A.
Press and hold B to display . Press A. Press and hold B to display
again. Press A. The controller will then return to . Press L to
return to the Display Loop. This will not overwrite any user settings but will
erase the controller calibration values. This procedure does not require any
calibration signals nor external meters. This can be used to clear calibration
error flag .
CAUTION: This procedure will result in up to ±10% reading error and the
controller will no longer be within factory specifications. For this reason, this
procedure should only be performed if meter error is outside of this range to
temporarily restore operation until the unit can be accurately calibrated.
Troubleshooting
For further technical assistance, contact technical support.
PROBLEM
CAUSE
REMEDIES
NO DISPLAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Power off.
Brown-out condition.
Loose connection or improperly wired.
Bezel assembly not fully seated into rear of controller.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check power.
Verify power reading.
Check connections.
Check installation.
CONTROLLER NOT WORKING
1. Incorrect setup parameters.
E2 IN DISPLAY
1. Loss of setup parameters due to noise spike or other 1. Press F1 to escape, then check controller accuracy.
EMI event.
a. Recalibrate controller. (See Factory Service Module code 77.)
b. Reset parameters to factory default settings.
IN DISPLAY
1. Loss of calibration parameters due to noise spike or 1. Press F1 to escape, then check controller accuracy.
other EMI event.
a. Recalibrate controller. (See Factory Service Module code 77.)
b. Reset parameters to factory default settings.
or IN DISPLAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Display value exceeds 4 digit display range.
Defective or miscalibrated cold junction circuit.
Loss of setup parameters.
Internal malfunction.
1. Press F1 to escape, then check controller accuracy.
a. Recalibrate controller. (See Factory Service Module code 77.)
b. Reset parameters to factory default settings.
IN DISPLAY (T16)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Probe disconnected.
Broken or burned-out probe.
Corroded or broken terminations.
Excessive process temperature.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Change resolution to display whole number and verify reading.
Perform cold junction calibration.
Check setup parameters.
Perform Input calibration.
IN DISPLAY (P16)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Input exceeds range of controller.
Incorrect input wiring.
Defective transmitter.
Internal malfunction.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check input parameters.
Check input wiring.
Replace transmitter.
Perform input calibration.
IN TOP DISPLAY
1. Input exceeds range of controller.
2. Temperature exceeds range of input probe.
3. Defective or incorrect transmitter or probe.
4. Excessive high temperature for probe.
5. Loss of setup parameters.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Check input parameters.
Change to input sensor with a higher temperature range.
Replace transmitter or probe.
Reduce temperature.
Perform input calibration.
IN TOP DISPLAY
1. Input is below range of controller.
2. Temperature below range of input probe.
3. Defective or incorrect transmitter or probe.
4. Excessive low temperature for probe.
5. Loss of setup parameters.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Check input parameters.
Change to input sensor with a lower temperature range.
Replace transmitter or probe.
Raise temperature.
Perform input calibration.
IN DISPLAY (T16)
1. RTD probe shorted.
1. Check wiring and/or replace RTD probe.
CONTROLLER SLUGGISH OR
NOT STABLE
1. Incorrect PID values.
2. Incorrect probe location.
1. See PID control.
2. Evaluate probe location.
SSr IN DISPLAY
1. Control output is damaged.
1. Return controller to factory for repair.
1. Check setup parameters.
20
Control Mode Explanations
ON/OFF CONTROL
ON/OFF CONTROL - HEAT/COOL OUTPUT FIGURES
The controller operates in On/Off Control when the Proportional Band is set
to 0.0%. In this control mode, the process will constantly oscillate around the
setpoint value. The On/Off Control Hysteresis (balanced around the setpoint)
can be used to eliminate output chatter. Output O1 Control Action can be set to
reverse for heating (output on when below the setpoint) or direct for cooling
(output on when above the setpoint) applications.
INPUT
SP + 1/2 CHYS
SP
ON/OFF CONTROL REVERSE OR DIRECT ACTING FIGURES
INPUT
HEAT/COOL DEADBAND (db2) = 0
CHYS
SP - 1/2 CHYS
REVERSE ACTING
Output 1 (O1) :
OFF
ON
OFF
Output 2 (O2) :
ON
OFF
ON
SP + 1/2 CHYS
SP
INPUT
HEAT/COOL DEADBAND (db-2) > 0
SP - 1/2 CHYS
SP + 1/2 (db-2) + 1/2 CHYS
SP + 1/2 (db-2)
SP + 1/2 (db-2) - 1/2 CHYS
Output 1 (O1) :
OFF
INPUT
ON
OFF
CHYS
db-2
SP
SP - 1/2 (db-2) + 1/2 CHYS
SP - 1/2 (db-2)
SP - 1/2 (db-2) - 1/2 CHYS
DIRECT ACTING
SP + 1/2 CHYS
CHYS
Output 1 (O1) : O1 OFF
SP
O1 ON
Output 2 (O2) :
O1 OFF
O2 OFF
O2 ON
O2 OFF
SP - 1/2 CHYS
INPUT
Output 1 (O1) :
OFF
ON
OFF
HEAT/COOL DEADBAND (db-2) < 0
SP + 1/2 (db-2) + 1/2 CHYS
SP + 1/2 (db-2)
SP + 1/2 (db-2) - 1/2 CHYS
Note: CHYS in the On/Off Control Figures refers to the On/Off Control Hysteresis
() in parameter Module 2.
CHYS
db-2
SP
For heat and cool systems, O1 Control Action is set to reverse (heat) and the
Alarm 2 Action is set to cooling (O2). The Proportional Band is set to 0.0 and
the Relative Gain in Cooling to 0.0. The Deadband in Cooling sets the amount
of operational deadband or overlap between the outputs. The setpoint and the
On/Off Control Hysteresis applies to both O1 and O2 outputs. The hysteresis is
balanced in relationship to the setpoint and deadband value.
SP - 1/2 (db-2) + 1/2 CHYS
SP - 1/2 (db-2)
SP - 1/2 (db-2) - 1/2 CHYS
CHYS
Output 1 (O1) :
Output 2 (O2) :
PID CONTROL
O1 ON
O2 ON
O2 OFF
O1 OFF
O1 ON
O2 ON
TYPICAL PID RESPONSE CURVE
In PID Control, the controller processes the input and then calculates a
control output power value by use of a modified Proportional Band, Integral
Time, and Derivative Time control algorithm. The system is controlled with the
new output power value to keep the process at the setpoint. The Control Action
for PID Control can be set to reverse for heating (output on when below the
setpoint) or direct for cooling (output on when above the setpoint) applications.
For heat and cool systems, the heat (O1) and cool (O2) outputs are both used.
The PID parameters can be established by using Auto-Tune, or they can be
Manually tuned to the process.
P&I
P&I&D
INPUT
SP
P&D
P only
TIME
21
TIME PROPORTIONAL PID CONTROL
MANUAL CONTROL MODE
In Time Proportional applications, the output power is converted into output
On time using the Cycle Time. For example, with a four second cycle time and
75% power, the output will be on for three seconds (4 × 0.75) and off for
one second.
The cycle time should be no greater than 1/10 of the natural period of
oscillation for the process. The natural period is the time it takes for one
complete oscillation when the process is in a continuously oscillating state.
In Manual Control Mode, the controller operates as an open loop system
(does not use the setpoint and process feedback). The user adjusts the percentage
of power through the % Power display to control the power for Output O1.
When Alarm 2 is configured for Cooling (O2), Manual operation provides 0 to
100% power to O1 (heating) and -100 to 0% power to O2 (Cooling). The Low
and High Output Power limits are ignored when the controller is in Manual.
MODE TRANSFER
LINEAR PID CONTROL
When transferring the controller mode between Automatic and Manual, the
controlling outputs remain constant, exercising true “bumpless” transfer. When
transferring from Manual to Automatic, the power initially remains steady, but
Integral Action corrects (if necessary) the closed loop power demand at a rate
proportional to the Integral Time.
In Linear PID Control applications, the Analog Output Assignment is set
to % Output Power, . The Analog Low Scaling, , is set to 0.0 and the
Analog High Scaling, , is set to 100.0. The Analog Output will then be
proportional to the PID calculated % output power for Heat or Cooling per the
Control Action . For example, with 0 VDC to 10 VDC (scaled 0 to 100%)
and 75% power, the analog output will be 7.5 VDC.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL MODE
In Automatic Control Mode, the percentage of output power is automatically
determined by PID or On/Off calculations based on the setpoint and process
feedback. For this reason, PID Control and On/Off Control always imply
Automatic Control Mode.
Pid Tuning Explanations
AUTO-TUNE
INPUT
Auto-Tune is a user-initiated function that allows the controller to
automatically determine the Proportional Band, Integral Time, Derivative Time,
Digital Filter, Control Output Dampening Time, and Relative Gain (Heat/Cool)
values based upon the process characteristics. The Auto-Tune operation cycles
the controlling output(s) at a control point three-quarters of the distance
between the present process value and the setpoint. The nature of these
oscillations determines the settings for the controller’s parameters.
Prior to initiating Auto-Tune, it is important that the controller and system be
first tested. (This can be accomplished in On/Off Control or Manual Control
Mode.) If there is a wiring, system or controller problem, Auto-Tune may give
incorrect tuning or may never finish. Auto-Tune may be initiated at start-up,
from setpoint or at any other process point. However, ensure normal process
conditions (example: minimize unusual external load disturbances) as they will
have an effect on the PID calculations.
AUTO-TUNE CODE FIGURE
SP
2
1
0
TIME
Start Auto-Tune
Below are the parameters and factory settings that affect Auto-Tune. If these
setting are acceptable then Auto-Tune can be started just by performing two
steps. If changes are needed, then they must be made before starting Auto-Tune.
DISPLAY
PARAMETER
Input Type
Digital Filtering
On/Off Control
Hysteresis
Auto-Tune Code
Auto-Tune Access
Deadband
FACTORY
SETTING
AUTO-TUNE OPERATION
(REVERSE ACTING)
INPUT
MODULE
j T16
P16
T16
P16
TYPICAL RESPONSE CURVES WITH
AUTO-TUNE CODES 0 TO 2.
SETPOINT
AUTO-TUNE
CONTROL
POINT
1/2 CHYS *
1/2 CHYS *
AUTO-TUNE COMPLETE, PID
SETTINGS ARE CALCULATED
AND LOADED INTO MEMORY
AUTO-TUNE
START
TIME
PHASE
OUTPUT 1 (O1) :
Aut1
Aut2
Aut3
Aut4
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
* - On/Off Control Hysteresis
1. Enter the Setpoint value in the Display Loop.
2. Initiate Auto-Tune by changing Auto-Tune Start to in the Hidden
Loop.
Auto-Tune Progress
The controller will oscillate the controlling output(s) for four cycles. The
bottom display will flash the cycle phase number. Parameter viewing is
permitted during Auto-Tune. The time to complete the Auto-Tune cycles is
process dependent. The controller should automatically stop Auto-Tune and
store the calculated values when the four cycles are complete. If the controller
remains in Auto-Tune unusually long, there may be a process problem. AutoTune may be stopped by entering in Auto-Tune Start .
22
PID Adjustments
In some applications, it may be necessary to fine tune the Auto-Tune
calculated PID parameters. To do this, a chart recorder or data logging device is
needed to provide a visual means of analyzing the process. Compare the actual
process response to the PID response figures with a step change to the process.
Make changes to the PID parameters in no more than 20% increments from the
starting value and allow the process sufficient time to stabilize before evaluating
the effects of the new parameter settings.
In some unusual cases, the Auto-Tune function may not yield acceptable
control results or induced oscillations may cause system problems. In these
applications, Manual Tuning is an alternative.
PROCESS RESPONSE EXTREMES
OVERSHOOT AND OSCILLATIONS
SLOW RESPONSE
INPUT
INPUT
SP
SP
TIME
TIME
TO DAMPEN RESPONSE:
- INCREASE PROPORTIONAL BAND.
- INCREASE INTEGRAL TIME.
- USE SETPOINT RAMPING.
- USE OUTPUT POWER LIMITS.
- RE-INVOKE AUTO-TUNE WITH A
HIGHER AUTO-TUNE CODE.
- INCREASE DERIVATIVE TIME.
- CHECK CYCLE TIME.
TO QUICKEN RESPONSE:
- DECREASE PROPORTIONAL BAND.
- DECREASE INTEGRAL TIME.
- INCREASE OR DEFEAT SETPOINT RAMPING.
- EXTEND OUTPUT POWER LIMITS.
- RE-INVOKE AUTO-TUNE WITH A
LOWER AUTO-TUNE CODE.
- DECREASE DERIVATIVE TIME.
MANUAL TUNING
A chart recorder or data logging device is necessary to measure the time
between process cycles. This procedure is an alternative to the controller’s AutoTune function. It will not provide acceptable results if system problems exist.
1. Set the Proportional Band () to 10.0% for temperature models (T16) and
100.0% for process models (P16).
2. Set both the Integral Time () and Derivative Time () to 0 seconds.
3. Set the Output Dampening Time () in Output Module to 0 seconds.
4. Set the Output Cycle Time [CYCt] in Output Module to no higher than
one-tenth of the process time constant (when applicable).
5. Place the controller in Manual Control Mode in the Hidden Loop
and adjust the % Power to drive the process value to the Setpoint value.
Allow the process to stabilize after setting the % Power. Note: must be
set to in Parameter Lockouts Module .
6. Place the controller in Automatic () Control Mode in the Hidden
Loop. If the process will not stabilize and starts to oscillate, set the
Proportional Band two times higher and go back to Step 5.
7. If the process is stable, decrease Proportional Band setting by two times and
change the Setpoint value a small amount to excite the process. Continue
with this step until the process oscillates in a continuous nature.
8. Fix the Proportional Band to three times the setting that caused the oscillation
in Step 7.
9. Set the Integral Time to two times the period of the oscillation.
10. Set the Derivative Time to 1/8 (0.125) of the Integral Time.
11. Set the Output Dampening Time to 1/40 (0.025) the period of the oscillation.
23
PARAMETER VALUE CHART
Programmer:______________________Date:_________
Controller Number:_______ Security Code:_______
DISPLAY LOOP
DISPLAY
PARAMETER
SETPOINT VALUE SP1
*
SETPOINT VALUE SP2
OUTPUT POWER PERCENT
PROPORTIONAL BAND
* INTEGRAL TIME
*
*
*
DERIVATIVE TIME
ALARM 1 VALUE
ALARM 2 VALUE
OUTPUT MODULE ()
FACTORY SETTING
USER SETTING
DISPLAY
T16
P16
T16
P16
T16
P16
T16
P16
T16
P16
* Factory Setting places these parameters in the Hidden Loop (set to
Lockout Module .
in
PARAMETER
CYCLE TIME
ON/OFF CONTROL HYSTERESIS
CONTROL ACTION
OUTPUT POWER LOWER LIMIT
OUTPUT POWER UPPER LIMIT
SENSOR FAIL POWER PRESET
OUTPUT POWER DAMPENING
AUTO-TUNE CODE
ANALOG OUTPUT RANGE
ANALOG OUTPUT ASSIGNMENT
ANALOG UPDATE TIME
ANALOG LOW SCALING
ANALOG HIGH SCALING
FACTORY
SETTING
USER SETTING
T16
P16
T16
P16
0
HIDDEN LOOP
DISPLAY
PARAMETER
FACTORY SETTING
SETPOINT SELECT
LOCKOUT MODULE ()
USER SETTING
SETPOINT RAMP RATE
CONTROL MODE TRANSFER
AUTO-TUNE START
DISPLAY
INPUT MODULE ( ) T16 ONLY
DISPLAY
PARAMETER
FACTORY SETTING
INPUT TYPE
USER SETTING
j
TEMPERATURE SCALE
DECIMAL RESOLUTION
DIGITAL FILTERING
SHIFT/OFFSET
SETPOINT LOW LIMIT
SETPOINT HIGH LIMIT
USER INPUT FUNCTION
F1 KEY FUNCTION
PARAMETER
INPUT TYPE
PERCENT ANNUNCIATOR
DECIMAL RESOLUTION
ROUNDING INCREMENT
DIGITAL FILTERING
DISPLAY VALUE SCALING 1
INPUT VALUE SCALING 1
DISPLAY VALUE SCALING 2
INPUT VALUE SCALING 2
SETPOINT LOW LIMIT
SETPOINT HIGH LIMIT
USER INPUT FUNCTION
F1 KEY FUNCTION
FACTORY SETTING
SETPOINT ACCESS
OUTPUT POWER ACCESS
PID VALUE ACCESS
ALARM VALUE ACCESS
ACCESS CODE
SETPOINT SELECT ACCESS
SETPOINT RAMP ACCESS
TRANSFER CONTROL ACCESS
AUTO-TUNE ACCESS
RESET ALARMS ACCESS
FACTORY
SETTING
USER SETTING
ALARM MODULE ()
DISPLAY
INPUT MODULE ( ) P16 ONLY
DISPLAY
PARAMETER
USER SETTING
PLOC
NONE
PARAMETER
ALARM 1 ACTION
ALARM 1 ANNUNCIATOR
ALARM 1 RESET MODE
ALARM 1 STANDBY
ALARM 1 VALUE
ALARM 2 ACTION
ALARM 2 ANNUNCIATOR
ALARM 2 RESET MODE
ALARM 2 STANDBY
ALARM 2 VALUE
ALARM 1 & 2 HYSTERESIS
FACTORY
SETTING
USER SETTING
NO
T16
P16
COOLING MODULE ()
DISPLAY
24
PARAMETER
CYCLE TIME
RELATIVE GAIN
DEADBAND
FACTORY
SETTING
USER SETTING
25
9-FS
5-O2
4-AL
3-LC
2-OP
1-IN
CNFP
no
HIDDEN
LOOP
Factory
Service Code
CodE
Cooling
Cycle Time
CYC2
Alarm 1
Action
ACt1
Setpoint
Access
Ends and returns to
start of Display Loop.
SCAL
ANtP
OP
Cooling
Relative Gain
GAN2
Alarm 1
Annunciator
Lit1
Output
Power
Access
OPLO
ANAS
OPHI
ANUt
rSt1
Heat/Cool
Deadband/Overlap
db-2
Alarm 1
Reset Mode
Stb1
Alarm 1
Standby
OPFL
ANLO
AL-1
Alarm 1
Value
SPHI
OPdP
ANHI
SPSL
CHYS
SPrP
Stb2
Alarm 2
Standby
rSt2
Alarm 2
Annunciator
Lit2
Setpoint
Ramp Rate
Access
INP1
F1In
tUNE
AL-2
Alarm 2
Value
AHYS
Alarm 1 & 2
Hysteresis
ALrS
Reset Alarms
Access
- T16 only
- P16 only
Auto-Tune
Auto/Manual
Off/On Access
Transfer
Access
trnF
Auto-Tune
Code
tcod
Input
Value 1
F1 Key
Function
On/Off Control
Hysteresis
Alarm 2
Reset Mode
Alarm 2
Action
ACt2
Setpoint
Select
Access
InPt
Display
Value 1
Advances to the next
module, then changes
parameter selection/value.
dSP1
BJ
User Input
Function
Output Power
Dampening
Analog High
Scaling
CodE
Access
Code
FLtr
Digital
Filtering
Setpoint
High Limit
Sensor Fail
Power Preset
Analog Low
Scaling
AL
Alarm
Values
Access
SPLO
Rounding
Increment
rnd
Enters displayed module,
then advances to the next
parameter.
Setpoint
Low Limit
Output Power
High Limit
Analog Output
Update Time
PId
PID
Values
Access
SHFt
Decimal
Resolution
dCPt
Shift/Offset
Output Power
Low Limit
Analog Output
Assignment
OPAC
Control
Action
Display
Value 2
Input
Value 2
INP2
PCt
Temp
Scale
dSP2
A
Parameter availability is model and program dependent.
L
Percent
Symbol
Analog
Output Range
SP
Cycle
Time
CYCt
Input
Type
tYPE
DISPLAY
LOOP
T16 & P16 Programming Quick Overview
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26
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27
LIMITED WARRANTY
(a) Red Lion Controls Inc., Sixnet Inc., N-Tron Corporation, or Blue Tree Wireless Data, Inc. (the “Company”)
warrants that all Products shall be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use for the period of
time provided in “Statement of Warranty Periods” (available at www.redlion.net) current at the time of shipment of
the Products (the “Warranty Period”). EXCEPT FOR THE ABOVE-STATED WARRANTY, COMPANY MAKES NO
WARRANTY WHATSOEVER WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING ANY (A) WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY; (B) WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE; OR (C) WARRANTY
AGAINST INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF A THIRD PARTY; WHETHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW, COURSE OF DEALING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, USAGE OF TRADE
OR OTHERWISE. Customer shall be responsible for determining that a Product is suitable for Customer’s use and
that such use complies with any applicable local, state or federal law.
(b) The Company shall not be liable for a breach of the warranty set forth in paragraph (a) if (i) the defect is a result
of Customer’s failure to store, install, commission or maintain the Product according to specifications; (ii) Customer
alters or repairs such Product without the prior written consent of Company.
(c) Subject to paragraph (b), with respect to any such Product during the Warranty Period, Company shall, in its
sole discretion, either (i) repair or replace the Product; or (ii) credit or refund the price of Product provided that, if
Company so requests, Customer shall, at Company’s expense, return such Product to Company.
(d) THE REMEDIES SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH (c) SHALL BE THE CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDY AND COMPANY’S ENTIRE LIABILITY FOR ANY BREACH OF THE LIMITED WARRANTY SET FORTH
IN PARAGRAPH (a).
Red Lion Controls
Headquarters
20 Willow Springs Circle
York PA 17406
Tel +1 (717) 767-6511
Fax +1 (717) 764-0839
Red Lion Controls
Europe
Softwareweg 9
NL - 3821 BN Amersfoort
Tel +31 (0) 334 723 225
Fax +31 (0) 334 893 793
Red Lion Controls
India
201-B, 2nd Floor, Park Centra
Opp 32 Mile Stone, Sector-30
Gurgaon-122002 Haryana, India
Tel +91 984 487 0503
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China
Unit 1102, XinMao Plaza
Building 9, No.99 Tianzhou Road
ShangHai, P.R. China 200223
Tel +86 21 6113 3688
Fax +86 21 6113 3683
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