107990011

VS1003 VS1003b VS1003 - MP3/WMA AUDIO CODEC Features Description • Decodes MPEG 1 & 2 audio layer III (CBR +VBR +ABR); WMA 4.0/4.1/7/8/9 all profiles (5-384kbit/s); WAV (PCM + IMA ADPCM); General MIDI / SP-MIDI files • Encodes IMA ADPCM from microphone or line input • Streaming support for MP3 and WAV • Bass and treble controls • Operates with a single 12..13 MHz clock • Internal PLL clock multiplier • Low-power operation • High-quality on-chip stereo DAC with no phase error between channels • Stereo earphone driver capable of driving a 30Ω load • Separate operating voltages for analog, digital and I/O • 5.5 KiB On-chip RAM for user code / data • Serial control and data interfaces • Can be used as a slave co-processor • SPI flash boot for special applications • UART for debugging purposes • New functions may be added with software and 4 GPIO pins mic audio line audio GPIO VS1003 MIC AMP MUX Mono ADC Stereo DAC VS1003 is a single-chip MP3/WMA/MIDI audio decoder and ADPCM encoder. It contains a highperformance, proprietary low-power DSP processor core VS DSP4 , working data memory, 5 KiB instruction RAM and 0.5 KiB data RAM for user applications, serial control and input data interfaces, 4 general purpose I/O pins, an UART, as well as a high-quality variable-sample-rate mono ADC and stereo DAC, followed by an earphone amplifier and a common buffer. VS1003 receives its input bitstream through a serial input bus, which it listens to as a system slave. The input stream is decoded and passed through a digital volume control to an 18-bit oversampling, multi-bit, sigma-delta DAC. The decoding is controlled via a serial control bus. In addition to the basic decoding, it is possible to add application specific features, like DSP effects, to the user RAM memory. Stereo Ear− phone Driver audio L R output 4 GPIO X ROM DREQ SO SI SCLK XCS Serial Data/ Control Interface X RAM 4 VSDSP XDCS Y ROM RX UART TX Clock multiplier Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 Y RAM Instruction RAM Instruction ROM 1 VLSI VS1003b y Solution VS1003 CONTENTS Contents 1 Licenses 9 2 Disclaimer 9 3 Definitions 9 4 Characteristics & Specifications 10 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.3 Analog Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.4 Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.5 Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.6 Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.7 Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.7.1 Line input ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.7.2 Microphone input ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.7.3 RIGHT and LEFT outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 Packages and Pin Descriptions 15 5.1 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.1.1 LQFP-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.1.2 BGA-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 6 Connection Diagram, LQFP-48 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 18 2 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 7 CONTENTS SPI Buses 19 7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.2 SPI Bus Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.2.1 VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.2.2 VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.3 Data Request Pin DREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.4 Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.4.2 SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.4.3 SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.4.4 Passive SDI Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.5.2 SCI Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 7.5.3 SCI Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 7.6 SPI Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 7.7 SPI Examples with SM SDINEW and SM SDISHARED set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7.7.1 Two SCI Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7.7.2 Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7.7.3 SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7.5 8 VS1003 Functional Description 26 8.1 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.2 Supported Audio Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.2.1 26 Version 1.04, Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009-02-03 3 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 9 VS1003 CONTENTS 8.2.2 Supported WMA Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 8.2.3 Supported RIFF WAV Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8.2.4 Supported MIDI Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8.3 Data Flow of VS1003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8.4 Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8.5 Serial Control Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8.6 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8.6.1 SCI MODE (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8.6.2 SCI STATUS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.6.3 SCI BASS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.6.4 SCI CLOCKF (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 8.6.5 SCI DECODE TIME (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.6.6 SCI AUDATA (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.6.7 SCI WRAM (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.6.8 SCI WRAMADDR (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.6.9 SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.6.10 SCI AIADDR (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8.6.11 SCI VOL (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 8.6.12 SCI AICTRL[x] (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Operation 40 9.1 Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 9.2 Hardware Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 9.3 Software Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 9.4 ADPCM Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 4 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 CONTENTS 9.4.1 Activating ADPCM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 9.4.2 Reading IMA ADPCM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 9.4.3 Adding a RIFF Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9.4.4 Playing ADPCM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 9.4.5 Sample Rate Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 9.4.6 Example Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 9.5 SPI Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.6 Play/Decode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.7 Feeding PCM data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.8 SDI Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.8.1 Sine Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.8.2 Pin Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.8.3 Memory Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.8.4 SCI Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10 VS1003 Registers 48 10.1 Who Needs to Read This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.2 The Processor Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.3 VS1003 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.4 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.5 Serial Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.6 DAC Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10.7 GPIO Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10.8 Interrupt Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10.9 A/D Modulator Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 5 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 CONTENTS 10.10Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.10.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.11UART v1.0 2002-04-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.11.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.11.2 Status UARTx STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.11.3 Data UARTx DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.11.4 Data High UARTx DATAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.11.5 Divider UARTx DIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.11.6 Interrupts and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10.12Timers v1.0 2002-04-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.12.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.12.2 Configuration TIMER CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.12.3 Configuration TIMER ENABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.12.4 Timer X Startvalue TIMER Tx[L/H] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.12.5 Timer X Counter TIMER TxCNT[L/H] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.12.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.13System Vector Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.13.1 AudioInt, 0x20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.13.2 SciInt, 0x21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.13.3 DataInt, 0x22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.13.4 ModuInt, 0x23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.13.5 TxInt, 0x24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.13.6 RxInt, 0x25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.13.7 Timer0Int, 0x26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 6 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 LIST OF FIGURES 10.13.8 Timer1Int, 0x27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.13.9 UserCodec, 0x0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.14System Vector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.14.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.14.2 ReadIRam(), 0x4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.14.3 DataBytes(), 0x6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.14.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10.14.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10.14.6 Reboot(), 0xc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11 Document Version Changes 63 12 Contact Information 64 List of Figures 1 Measured ADC performance of the LINEIN pin. X-axis is rms amplitude of 1 kHz sine input. Curves are unweighted signal-to-noise ratio (blue), A-weighted signal-to-noise ratio (green), and unweighted signal-to-distortion ratio (red). Sampling rate of ADC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz. . . . . . . . . . . 13 Measured ADC performance of the MIC pins (differential). Other settings same as in Fig. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Measured performance of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with 1 kHz generated sine. Sampling rate of DAC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz. . . 14 Typical spectrum of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with maximum level and 30 Ohm load. Setup is the same is in Fig. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 Pin Configuration, BGA-49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7 Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 8 BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 3 4 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 7 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 LIST OF FIGURES 9 BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 10 SCI Word Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 11 SCI Word Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 12 SPI Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 13 Two SCI Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 14 Two SDI Bytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 15 Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 16 Data Flow of VS1003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 17 ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8kHz sample rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 18 User’s Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 19 RS232 Serial Interface Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 8 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 1 VS1003 1. LICENSES Licenses MPEG Layer-3 audio decoding technology licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Thomson. VS1003 contains WMA decoding technology from Microsoft. This product is protected by certain intellectual property rights of Microsoft and cannot be used or further distributed without a license from Microsoft. 2 Disclaimer All properties and figures are subject to change. 3 Definitions B Byte, 8 bits. b Bit. Ki “Kibi” = 210 = 1024 (IEC 60027-2). Mi “Mebi” = 220 = 1048576 (IEC 60027-2). VS DSP VLSI Solution’s DSP core. W Word. In VS DSP, instruction words are 32-bit and data words are 16-bit wide. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 9 VLSI VS1003 VS1003b4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS y Solution 4 Characteristics & Specifications 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Analog Positive Supply Digital Positive Supply I/O Positive Supply Current at Any Digital Output Voltage at Any Digital Input Operating Temperature Storage Temperature 1 Symbol AVDD CVDD IOVDD Min -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -40 -65 Max 2.85 2.7 3.6 ±50 IOVDD+0.31 +85 +150 Unit V V V mA V ◦C ◦C Must not exceed 3.6 V 4.2 Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Ambient Operating Temperature Analog and Digital Ground 1 Positive Analog Positive Digital I/O Voltage Input Clock Frequency2 Internal Clock Frequency Internal Clock Multiplier3 Master Clock Duty Cycle Symbol AGND DGND AVDD CVDD IOVDD XTALI CLKI Min -40 2.6 2.4 CVDD-0.6V 12 12 1.0× 40 Typ 0.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 12.288 36.864 3.0× 50 Max +85 2.85 2.7 3.6 13 52.04 4.5×4 60 Unit ◦C V V V V MHz MHz % 1 Must be connected together as close the device as possible for latch-up immunity. The maximum sample rate that can be played with correct speed is XTALI/256. Thus, XTALI must be at least 12.288 MHz to be able to play 48 kHz at correct speed. 3 Reset value is 1.0×. Recommended SC MULT=3.0×, SC ADD=1.0× (SCI CLOCKF=0x9000). 4 52.0 MHz is the maximum clock for the full CVDD range. (4.0 × 12.288 MHz=49.152 MHz or 4.0 × 13.0 MHz=52.0 MHz) 2 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 10 VLSI VS1003 VS1003b4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS y Solution 4.3 Analog Characteristics Unless otherwise noted: AVDD=2.85V, CVDD=2.5V, IOVDD=-2.8V, TA=-25..+70◦ C, XTALI=12.288MHz, DAC tested with 1307.894 Hz full-scale output sinewave, measurement bandwidth 20..20000 Hz, analog output load: LEFT to GBUF 30Ω, RIGHT to GBUF 30Ω. Microphone test amplitude 50 mVpp, f=1 kHz, Line input test amplitude 2.2 Vpp, f=1 kHz. Parameter DAC Resolution Total Harmonic Distortion Dynamic Range (DAC unmuted, A-weighted) S/N Ratio (full scale signal) Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk) Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk), with GBUF Interchannel Gain Mismatch Frequency Response Full Scale Output Voltage (Peak-to-peak) Deviation from Linear Phase Analog Output Load Resistance Analog Output Load Capacitance Microphone input amplifier gain Microphone input amplitude Microphone Total Harmonic Distortion Microphone S/N Ratio Line input amplitude Line input Total Harmonic Distortion Line input S/N Ratio Line and Microphone input impedances Symbol THD IDR SNR Min 705 50 -0.5 -0.1 1.3 AOLR 16 Typ 18 0.1 >90 834 75 40 ±0.2 1.51 Max 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.7 5 302 100 MICG MTHD MSNR LTHD LSNR 505 605 26 50 0.02 68 2200 0.015 86 100 1403 0.10 28003 0.10 Unit bits % dB dB dB dB dB dB Vpp ◦ Ω pF dB mVpp AC % dB mVpp AC % dB kΩ Typical values are measured of about 5000 devices of Lot 4234011, Week Code 0452. 1 3.0 volts can be achieved with +-to-+ wiring for mono difference sound. 2 AOLR may be much lower, but below Typical distortion performance may be compromised. 3 Above typical amplitude the Harmonic Distortion increases. 4 Unweighted, A-weighted is about 3 dB better. 5 Limit low due to noise level of production tester. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 11 VLSI VS1003 VS1003b4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS y Solution 4.4 Power Consumption Tested with an MPEG 1.0 Layer-3 128 kbit/s sample and generated sine. Output at full volume. XTALI 12.288 MHz. Internal clock multiplier 3.0×. CVDD = 2.5 V, AVDD = 2.8 V. Parameter Power Supply Consumption AVDD, Reset Power Supply Consumption CVDD, Reset, +25◦ C Power Supply Consumption CVDD, Reset, +85◦ C Power Supply Consumption AVDD, sine test, 30Ω + GBUF Power Supply Consumption CVDD, sine test Power Supply Consumption AVDD, no load Power Supply Consumption AVDD, output load 30Ω Power Supply Consumption AVDD, 30Ω + GBUF Power Supply Consumption CVDD 4.5 2 Typ 0.6 3.7 Max 5.0 40.0 200.0 36.9 12.4 7.0 10.9 16.1 17.5 Unit µA µA µA mA mA mA mA mA mA Digital Characteristics Parameter High-Level Input Voltage Low-Level Input Voltage High-Level Output Voltage at IO = -1.0 mA Low-Level Output Voltage at IO = 1.0 mA Input Leakage Current SPI Input Clock Frequency 2 Rise time of all output pins, load = 50 pF 1 Min Symbol Must not exceed 3.6V Value for SCI reads. SCI and SDI writes allow Min 0.7×IOVDD -0.2 0.7×IOVDD Typ Max IOVDD+0.31 0.3×IOVDD 0.3×IOVDD 1.0 -1.0 CLKI 7 50 Unit V V V V µA MHz ns CLKI 4 . 4.6 Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization Parameter XRESET active time XRESET inactive to software ready Power on reset, rise time to CVDD 1 Symbol Min 2 16600 10 Max 500001 Unit XTALI XTALI V/s DREQ rises when initialization is complete. You should not send any data or commands before that. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 12 VLSI VS1003 VS1003b4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS y Solution 4.7 4.7.1 Typical characteristics Line input ADC 100 90 80 dB 70 60 50 40 SNR SNRa THD 30 20 0.001 0.01 0.1 input voltage (rms) 1 Figure 1: Measured ADC performance of the LINEIN pin. X-axis is rms amplitude of 1 kHz sine input. Curves are unweighted signal-to-noise ratio (blue), A-weighted signal-to-noise ratio (green), and unweighted signal-to-distortion ratio (red). Sampling rate of ADC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz. 4.7.2 Microphone input ADC 100 90 80 dB 70 60 50 40 SNR SNRa THD 30 20 0.001 0.01 input voltage (rms) 0.1 Figure 2: Measured ADC performance of the MIC pins (differential). Other settings same as in Fig. 1. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 13 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS y 4.7.3 RIGHT and LEFT outputs 100 80 dB 60 40 SNR 30R LOAD SNR AWEIGHT 30R LOAD THD 30R LOAD THD NO LOAD 20 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 output voltage (rms) 1 Figure 3: Measured performance of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with 1 kHz generated sine. Sampling rate of DAC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz. 0 amplitude dB -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0 5000 10000 15000 frequency Hz 20000 Figure 4: Typical spectrum of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with maximum level and 30 Ohm load. Setup is the same is in Fig. 3. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 14 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 5 VS1003 5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS Packages and Pin Descriptions 5.1 Packages Both LPQFP-48 and BGA-49 are lead (Pb) free and also RoHS compliant packages. RoHS is a short name of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. 5.1.1 LQFP-48 48 1 Figure 5: Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. LQFP-48 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ . 5.1.2 BGA-49 A1 BALL PAD CORNER 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 A D 4.80 0.80 TYP C 7.00 B E F G 0.80 TYP 4.80 1.10 REF 1.10 REF 7.00 TOP VIEW Figure 6: Pin Configuration, BGA-49. BGA-49 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ . Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 15 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 5.2 VS1003 5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions Pin Name MICP MICN XRESET DGND0 CVDD0 IOVDD0 CVDD1 DREQ GPIO2 / DCLK1 GPIO3 / SDATA1 XDCS / BSYNC1 IOVDD1 VCO DGND1 XTALO XTALI IOVDD2 IOVDD3 DGND2 DGND3 DGND4 XCS CVDD2 RX TX SCLK SI SO CVDD3 TEST GPIO0 / SPIBOOT GPIO1 AGND0 AVDD0 RIGHT AGND1 AGND2 GBUF AVDD1 RCAP AVDD2 LEFT AGND3 LINEIN LQFP48 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 BGA49 Ball C3 C2 B1 D2 C1 D3 D1 E2 E1 F2 E3 F3 G2 F4 G3 E4 G4 F5 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 G5 F6 G6 G7 E6 F7 D6 E7 D5 D7 C6 C7 Pin Type AI AI DI DGND CPWR IOPWR CPWR DO DIO DIO DI IOPWR DO DGND AO AI IOPWR IOPWR DGND DGND DGND DI CPWR DI DO DI DI DO3 CPWR DI DIO 34 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 B6 C5 B5 A6 B4 A5 C4 A4 B3 A3 B2 A2 A1 DIO APWR APWR AO APWR APWR AO APWR AIO APWR AO APWR AI Function Positive differential microphone input, self-biasing Negative differential microphone input, self-biasing Active low asynchronous reset Core & I/O ground Core power supply I/O power supply Core power supply Data request, input bus General purpose IO 2 / serial input data bus clock General purpose IO 3 / serial data input Data chip select / byte sync I/O power supply For testing only (Clock VCO output) Core & I/O ground Crystal output Crystal input I/O power supply I/O power supply Core & I/O ground Core & I/O ground Core & I/O ground Chip select input (active low) Core power supply UART receive, connect to IOVDD if not used UART transmit Clock for serial bus Serial input Serial output Core power supply Reserved for test, connect to IOVDD General purpose IO 0 / SPIBOOT, use 100 kΩ pull-down resistor2 General purpose IO 1 Analog ground, low-noise reference Analog power supply Right channel output Analog ground Analog ground Common buffer for headphones Analog power supply Filtering capacitance for reference Analog power supply Left channel output Analog ground Line input 1 First pin function is active in New Mode, latter in Compatibility Mode. 2 Unless pull-down resistor is used, SPI Boot is tried. See Chapter 9.5 for details. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 16 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin types: Type DI DO DIO DO3 AI Description Digital input, CMOS Input Pad Digital output, CMOS Input Pad Digital input/output Digital output, CMOS Tri-stated Output Pad Analog input Type AO AIO APWR DGND CPWR IOPWR Description Analog output Analog input/output Analog power supply pin Core or I/O ground pin Core power supply pin I/O power supply pin In BGA-49, no-connect balls are A7, B7, D4, E5, F1, G1. In LQFP-48, no-connect pins are 11, 12, 25, 35, 36. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 17 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 6 VS1003 6. CONNECTION DIAGRAM, LQFP-48 Connection Diagram, LQFP-48 Figure 7: Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. The common buffer GBUF can be used for common voltage (1.24 V) for earphones. This will eliminate the need for large isolation capacitors on line outputs, and thus the audio output pins from VS1003 may be connected directly to the earphone connector. GBUF must NOT be connected to ground under any circumstances. If GBUF is not used, LEFT and RIGHT must be provided with coupling capacitors. To keep GBUF stable, you should always have the resistor and capacitor even when GBUF is not used. See application notes for details. Unused GPIO pins should have a pull-down resistor. If UART is not used, RX should be connected to IOVDD and TX be unconnected. Do not connect any external load to XTALO. Note: This connection assumes SM SDINEW is active (see Chapter 8.6.1). If also SM SDISHARE is used, xDCS should be tied low or high (see Chapter 7.2.1). Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 18 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 7 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES SPI Buses 7.1 General The SPI Bus - that was originally used in some Motorola devices - has been used for both VS1003’s Serial Data Interface SDI (Chapters 7.4 and 8.4) and Serial Control Interface SCI (Chapters 7.5 and 8.5). 7.2 SPI Bus Pin Descriptions 7.2.1 VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) These modes are active on VS1003 when SM SDINEW is set to 1 (default at startup). DCLK and SDATA are not used for data transfer and they can be used as general-purpose I/O pins (GPIO2 and GPIO3). BSYNC function changes to data interface chip select (XDCS). SDI Pin XDCS SCI Pin XCS SCK SI - 7.2.2 SO Description Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial output (SO) to high impedance state. If SM SDISHARE is 1, pin XDCS is not used, but the signal is generated internally by inverting XCS. Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master clock for the register interface. SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written. Serial input. If a chip select is active, SI is sampled on the rising CLK edge. Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge. In writes SO is at a high impedance state. VS1001 Compatibility Mode This mode is active when SM SDINEW is set to 0. In this mode, DCLK, SDATA and BSYNC are active. SDI Pin - SCI Pin XCS BSYNC DCLK SCK SDATA - SI SO Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 Description Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial output (SO) to high impedance state. SDI data is synchronized with a rising edge of BSYNC. Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master clock for the register interface. SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written. Serial input. SI is sampled on the rising SCK edge, if XCS is low. Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge. In writes SO is at a high impedance state. 19 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 7.3 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES Data Request Pin DREQ The DREQ pin/signal is used to signal if VS1003’s FIFO is capable of receiving data. If DREQ is high, VS1003 can take at least 32 bytes of SDI data or one SCI command. When these criteria are not met, DREQ is turned low, and the sender should stop transferring new data. Because of the 32-byte safety area, the sender may send upto 32 bytes of SDI data at a time without checking the status of DREQ, making controlling VS1003 easier for low-speed microcontrollers. Note: DREQ may turn low or high at any time, even during a byte transmission. Thus, DREQ should only be used to decide whether to send more bytes. It should not abort a transmission that has already started. Note: In VS10XX products upto VS1002, DREQ was only used for SDI. In VS1003 DREQ is also used to tell the status of SCI. There are cases when you still want to send SCI commands when DREQ is low. Because DREQ is shared between SDI and SCI, you can not determine if a SCI command has been executed if SDI is not ready to receive. In this case you need a long enough delay after every SCI command to make certain none of them is missed. The SCI Registers table in section 8.6 gives the worst-case handling time for each SCI register write. 7.4 7.4.1 Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI) General The serial data interface operates in slave mode so DCLK signal must be generated by an external circuit. Data (SDATA signal) can be clocked in at either the rising or falling edge of DCLK (Chapter 8.6). VS1003 assumes its data input to be byte-sychronized. SDI bytes may be transmitted either MSb or LSb first, depending of contents of SCI MODE (Chapter 8.6.1). The firmware is able to accept the maximum bitrate the SDI supports. 7.4.2 SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) In VS1002 native modes (SM NEWMODE is 1), byte synchronization is achieved by XDCS. The state of XDCS may not change while a data byte transfer is in progress. To always maintain data synchronization even if there may be glitches in the boards using VS1003, it is recommended to turn XDCS every now and then, for instance once after every flash data block or a few kilobytes, just to keep sure the host and VS1003 are in sync. If SM SDISHARE is 1, the XDCS signal is internally generated by inverting the XCS input. For new designs, using VS1002 native modes are recommended. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 20 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 7.4.3 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode BSYNC SDATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DCLK Figure 8: BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. When VS1003 is running in VS1001 compatibility mode, a BSYNC signal must be generated to ensure correct bit-alignment of the input bitstream. The first DCLK sampling edge (rising or falling, depending on selected polarity), during which the BSYNC is high, marks the first bit of a byte (LSB, if LSB-first order is used, MSB, if MSB-first order is used). If BSYNC is ’1’ when the last bit is received, the receiver stays active and next 8 bits are also received. BSYNC SDATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DCLK Figure 9: BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer. 7.4.4 Passive SDI Mode If SM NEWMODE is 0 and SM SDISHARE is 1, the operation is otherwise like the VS1001 compatibility mode, but bits are only received while the BSYNC signal is ’1’. Rising edge of BSYNC is still used for synchronization. 7.5 Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI) 7.5.1 General The serial bus protocol for the Serial Command Interface SCI (Chapter 8.5) consists of an instruction byte, address byte and one 16-bit data word. Each read or write operation can read or write a single register. Data bits are read at the rising edge, so the user should update data at the falling edge. Bytes are always send MSb first. XCS should be low for the full duration of the operation, but you can have pauses between bits if needed. The operation is specified by an 8-bit instruction opcode. The supported instructions are read and write. See table below. Instruction Name Opcode Operation READ 0b0000 0011 Read data WRITE 0b0000 0010 Write data Note: VS1003 sets DREQ low after each SCI operation. The duration depends on the operation. It is not allowed to start a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ is high again. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 21 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 7.5.2 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES SCI Read XCS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 30 31 SCK 3 SI instruction (read) 2 1 0 don’t care 0 data out address 15 14 SO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 don’t care 0 0 1 0 0 X execution DREQ Figure 10: SCI Word Read VS1003 registers are read from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 10. First, XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the READ opcode (0x3) is transmitted via the SI line followed by an 8-bit word address. After the address has been read in, any further data on SI is ignored by the chip. The 16-bit data corresponding to the received address will be shifted out onto the SO line. XCS should be driven high after data has been shifted out. DREQ is driven low for a short while when in a read operation by the chip. This is a very short time and doesn’t require special user attention. 7.5.3 SCI Write XCS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 SO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 31 SCK 3 instruction (write) 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 15 14 1 data out address 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X execution DREQ Figure 11: SCI Word Write VS1003 registers are written from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 11. First, XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the WRITE opcode (0x2) is transmitted via the SI line followed by an 8-bit word address. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 22 VLSI VS1003b y Solution VS1003 7. SPI BUSES After the word has been shifted in and the last clock has been sent, XCS should be pulled high to end the WRITE sequence. After the last bit has been sent, DREQ is driven low for the duration of the register update, marked “execution” in the figure. The time varies depending on the register and its contents (see table in Chapter 8.6 for details). If the maximum time is longer than what it takes from the microcontroller to feed the next SCI command or SDI byte, it is not allowed to finish a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ has risen up again. 7.6 SPI Timing Diagram tWL tXCSS tWH tXCSH XCS 0 1 14 15 30 16 31 tXCS SCK SI tH tSU SO tZ tV tDIS Figure 12: SPI Timing Diagram. Symbol tXCSS tSU tH tZ tWL tWH tV tXCSH tXCS tDIS 1 Min 5 0 2 0 2 2 1 2 (+ 25ns ) 1 2 Max 10 Unit ns ns CLKI cycles ns CLKI cycles CLKI cycles CLKI cycles CLKI CLKI cycles ns 25ns is when pin loaded with 100pF capacitance. The time is shorter with lower capacitance. Note: As tWL and tWH, as well as tH require at least 2 clock cycles, the maximum speed for the SPI bus that can easily be used with asynchronous clocks is 1/7 of VS1003’s internal clock speed CLKI. Note: Although the timing is derived from the internal clock CLKI, the system always starts up in 1.0× mode, thus CLKI=XTALI. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 23 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 7.7 7.7.1 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES SPI Examples with SM SDINEW and SM SDISHARED set Two SCI Writes SCI Write 1 SCI Write 2 XCS 0 1 2 3 30 31 1 0 32 33 61 62 63 2 1 0 SCK SI 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 X DREQ up before finishing next SCI write DREQ Figure 13: Two SCI Operations. Figure 13 shows two consecutive SCI operations. Note that xCS must be raised to inactive state between the writes. Also DREQ must be respected as shown in the figure. 7.7.2 Two SDI Bytes SDI Byte 1 SDI Byte 2 XCS 0 1 2 3 7 6 5 4 6 7 8 9 1 0 7 6 13 14 15 2 1 0 SCK 3 SI 5 X DREQ Figure 14: Two SDI Bytes. SDI data is synchronized with a raising edge of xCS as shown in Figure 14. However, every byte doesn’t need separate synchronization. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 24 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 7.7.3 VS1003 7. SPI BUSES SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes SDI Byte SDI Byte SCI Operation XCS 0 1 7 8 9 39 40 41 7 6 46 47 1 0 SCK 7 SI 6 5 1 0 0 5 X 0 DREQ high before end of next transfer DREQ Figure 15: Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. Figure 15 shows how an SCI operation is embedded in between SDI operations. xCS edges are used to synchronize both SDI and SCI. Remember to respect DREQ as shown in the figure. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 25 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 8 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Functional Description 8.1 Main Features VS1003 is based on a proprietary digital signal processor, VS DSP. It contains all the code and data memory needed for MP3, WMA and WAV PCM + ADPCM audio decoding, MIDI synthesizer, together with serial interfaces, a multirate stereo audio DAC and analog output amplifiers and filters. Also ADPCM audio encoding is supported using a microphone amplifier and A/D converter. A UART is provided for debugging purposes. 8.2 Supported Audio Codecs Mark + - 8.2.1 Conventions Description Format is supported Format exists but is not supported Format doesn’t exist Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats MPEG 1.01 : Samplerate / Hz 48000 44100 32000 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + 56 + + + 64 + + + 80 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 96 112 128 + + + + + + + + + 160 + + + 192 + + + 224 + + + 256 + + + 320 + + + 8 + + + 16 + + + 24 + + + 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 56 64 80 + + + + + + + + + 96 + + + 112 + + + 128 + + + 144 + + + 160 + + + 8 + + + 16 + + + 24 + + + 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 56 64 80 + + + + + + + + + 96 + + + 112 + + + 128 + + + 144 + + + 160 + + + MPEG 2.01 : Samplerate / Hz 24000 22050 16000 MPEG 2.51 2 : Samplerate / Hz 12000 11025 8000 1 2 Also all variable bitrate (VBR) formats are supported. Incompatibilities may occur because MPEG 2.5 is not a standard format. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 26 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.2.2 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Supported WMA Formats Windows Media Audio codec versions 2, 7, 8, and 9 are supported. All WMA profiles (L1, L2, and L3) are supported. Previously streams were separated into Classes 1, 2a, 2b, and 3. WMA 9 Professional and WMA 9 Lossless are not supported. The decoder has passed Microsoft’s conformance testing program. WMA 4.0 / 4.1: Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + 16 20 Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 + + + + + + + + + + + + 48 64 80 96 128 160 192 + + + + + + + + + + 48 64 80 96 128 160 192 + + + + + + + + + + 48 64 80 96 128 160 192 + + + + + + + + + + + WMA 7: Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + 16 20 + + + + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 + + + + + WMA 8: Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + 16 20 + + + + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 + + + + + WMA 9: Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + 16 20 + + + + + + + 22 + Bitrate / kbit/s 32 40 48 64 80 96 128 160 192 256 320 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In addition to these expected WMA decoding profiles, all other bitrate and samplerate combinations are supported, including variable bitrate WMA streams. Note that WMA does not consume the bitstream as evenly as MP3, so you need a higher peak transfer capability for clean playback at the same bitrate. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 27 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.2.3 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Supported RIFF WAV Formats The most common RIFF WAV subformats are supported. Format 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x06 0x07 0x10 0x11 0x15 0x16 0x30 0x31 0x3b 0x3c 0x40 0x41 0x50 0x55 0x64 0x65 Version 1.04, Name PCM ADPCM IEEE FLOAT ALAW MULAW OKI ADPCM IMA ADPCM DIGISTD DIGIFIX DOLBY AC2 GSM610 ROCKWELL ADPCM ROCKWELL DIGITALK G721 ADPCM G728 CELP MPEG MPEGLAYER3 G726 ADPCM G722 ADPCM 2009-02-03 Supported + + + - Comments 16 and 8 bits, any sample rate ≤ 48kHz Any sample rate ≤ 48kHz For supported MP3 modes, see Chapter 8.2.1 28 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.2.4 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Supported MIDI Formats General MIDI and SP-MIDI format 0 files are played. Format 1 and 2 files must be converted to format 0 by the user. The maximum simultaneous polyphony is 40. Actual polyphony depends on the internal clock rate (which is user-selectable), the instruments used, and the possible postprocessing effects enabled, such as bass and treble enhancers. The polyphony restriction algorithm makes use of the SP-MIDI MIP table, if present. 36.86 MHz (3.0× input clock) achieves 16-26 simultaneous sustained notes. The instantaneous amount of notes can be larger. 36 MHz is a fair compromise between power consumption and quality, but higher clocks can be used to increase polyphony. VS1003b implements 36 distinct instruments. Each melodic, effect, and percussion instrument is mapped into one of these instruments. Melodic piano vibraphone organ guitar distortion guitar bass violin strings trumpet sax flute lead pad steeldrum Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 VS1003b Effect reverse cymbal guitar fret noise breath seashore bird tweet telephone helicopter applause gunshot Percussion bass drum snare closed hihat open hihat high tom low tom crash cymbal 2 ride cymbal tambourine high conga low conga maracas claves 29 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 8.3 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Data Flow of VS1003 SDI Bitstream FIFO MP3/PlusV/ WAV/ADPCM/ WMA decode/ MIDI decode SM_ADPCM=0 AIADDR = 0 User Application AIADDR != 0 SB_AMPLITUDE=0 Bass enhancer SB_AMPLITUDE!=0 ST_AMPLITUDE=0 Treble enhancer ST_AMPLITUDE!=0 Volume control Audio FIFO SCI_VOL 2048 stereo samples L S.rate.conv. R and DAC Figure 16: Data Flow of VS1003. First, depending on the audio data, and provided ADPCM encoding mode is not set, MP3, WMA, PCM WAV, IMA ADPCM WAV, or MIDI data is received and decoded from the SDI bus. After decoding, if SCI AIADDR is non-zero, application code is executed from the address pointed to by that register. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. Then data may be sent to the Bass and Treble Enhancer depending on the SCI BASS register. After that the signal is fed to the volume control unit, which also copies the data to the Audio FIFO. The Audio FIFO holds the data, which is read by the Audio interrupt (Chapter 10.13.1) and fed to the sample rate converter and DACs. The size of the audio FIFO is 2048 stereo (2×16-bit) samples, or 8 KiB. The sample rate converter converts all different sample rates to XTALI/2, or 128 times the highest usable sample rate. This removes the need for complex PLL-based clocking schemes and allows almost unlimited sample rate accuracy with one fixed input clock frequency. With a 12.288 MHz clock, the DA converter operates at 128 × 48 kHz, i.e. 6.144 MHz, and creates a stereo in-phase analog signal. The oversampled output is low-pass filtered by an on-chip analog filter. This signal is then forwarded to the earphone amplifier. 8.4 Serial Data Interface (SDI) The serial data interface is meant for transferring compressed MP3 or WMA data, WAV PCM and ADPCM data as well as MIDI data. If the input of the decoder is invalid or it is not received fast enough, analog outputs are automatically muted. Also several different tests may be activated through SDI as described in Chapter 9. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 30 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 8.5 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Serial Control Interface (SCI) The serial control interface is compatible with the SPI bus specification. Data transfers are always 16 bits. VS1003 is controlled by writing and reading the registers of the interface. The main controls of the control interface are: • • • • 8.6 Reg 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x8 0x9 0xA 0xB 0xC 0xD 0xE 0xF control of the operation mode, clock, and builtin effects access to status information and header data access to encoded digital data uploading user programs SCI Registers Type rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw r r rw rw rw rw rw rw Reset 0x800 0x3C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCI registers, prefix SCI Time1 Abbrev[bits] 70 CLKI4 MODE 40 CLKI STATUS 2100 CLKI BASS 11000 XTALI5 CLOCKF 40 CLKI DECODE TIME 3200 CLKI AUDATA 80 CLKI WRAM 80 CLKI WRAMADDR - HDAT0 - HDAT1 3200 CLKI2 AIADDR 2100 CLKI VOL 50 CLKI2 AICTRL0 50 CLKI2 AICTRL1 50 CLKI2 AICTRL2 50 CLKI2 AICTRL3 Description Mode control Status of VS1003 Built-in bass/treble enhancer Clock freq + multiplier Decode time in seconds Misc. audio data RAM write/read Base address for RAM write/read Stream header data 0 Stream header data 1 Start address of application Volume control Application control register 0 Application control register 1 Application control register 2 Application control register 3 1 This is the worst-case time that DREQ stays low after writing to this register. The user may choose to skip the DREQ check for those register writes that take less than 100 clock cycles to execute. 2 In addition, the cycles spent in the user application routine must be counted. 3 Firmware changes the value of this register immediately to 0x38, and in less than 100 ms to 0x30. 4 When mode register write specifies a software reset the worst-case time is 16600 XTALI cycles. 5 Writing to this register may force internal clock to run at 1.0 × XTALI for a while. Thus it is not a good idea to send SCI or SDI bits while this register update is in progress. Note that if DREQ is low when an SCI write is done, DREQ also stays low after SCI write processing. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 31 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.1 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI MODE (RW) SCI MODE is used to control the operation of VS1003 and defaults to 0x0800 (SM SDINEW set). Bit 0 Name SM DIFF Function Differential 1 SM SETTOZERO Set to zero 2 SM RESET Soft reset 3 SM OUTOFWAV Jump out of WAV decoding 4 SM PDOWN Powerdown 5 SM TESTS Allow SDI tests 6 SM STREAM Stream mode 7 SM SETTOZERO2 Set to zero 8 SM DACT DCLK active edge 9 SM SDIORD SDI bit order 10 SM SDISHARE Share SPI chip select 11 SM SDINEW VS1002 native SPI modes 12 SM ADPCM ADPCM recording active 13 SM ADPCM HP ADPCM high-pass filter active 14 SM LINE IN ADPCM recording selector Value 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description normal in-phase audio left channel inverted right wrong no reset reset no yes power on powerdown not allowed allowed no yes right wrong rising falling MSb first MSb last no yes no yes no yes no yes microphone line in When SM DIFF is set, the player inverts the left channel output. For a stereo input this creates virtual surround, and for a mono input this creates a differential left/right signal. Software reset is initiated by setting SM RESET to 1. This bit is cleared automatically. If you want to stop decoding a WAV, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM OUTOFWAV, and send data honouring DREQ until SM OUTOFWAV is cleared. SCI HDAT1 will also be cleared. For WMA and MIDI it is safest to continue sending the stream, send zeroes for WAV. Bit SM PDOWN sets VS1003 into software powerdown mode. Note that software powerdown is not nearly as power efficient as hardware powerdown activated with the XRESET pin. If SM TESTS is set, SDI tests are allowed. For more details on SDI tests, look at Chapter 9.8. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 32 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b y 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SM STREAM activates VS1003’s stream mode. In this mode, data should be sent with as even intervals as possible (and preferable with data blocks of less than 512 bytes), and VS1003 makes every attempt to keep its input buffer half full by changing its playback speed upto 5%. For best quality sound, the average speed error should be within 0.5%, the bitrate should not exceed 160 kbit/s and VBR should not be used. For details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. This mode does not work with WMA files. SM DACT defines the active edge of data clock for SDI. When ’0’, data is read at the rising edge, when ’1’, data is read at the falling edge. When SM SDIORD is clear, bytes on SDI are sent as a default MSb first. By setting SM SDIORD, the user may reverse the bit order for SDI, i.e. bit 0 is received first and bit 7 last. Bytes are, however, still sent in the default order. This register bit has no effect on the SCI bus. Setting SM SDISHARE makes SCI and SDI share the same chip select, as explained in Chapter 7.2, if also SM SDINEW is set. Setting SM SDINEW will activate VS1002 native serial modes as described in Chapters 7.2.1 and 7.4.2. Note, that this bit is set as a default when VS1003 is started up. By activating SM ADPCM and SM RESET at the same time, the user will activate IMA ADPCM recording mode. More information is available in the Application Notes for VS10XX. If SM ADPCM HP is set at the same time as SM ADPCM and SM RESET, ADPCM mode will start with a high-pass filter. This may help intelligibility of speech when there is lots of background noise. The difference created to the ADPCM encoder frequency response is as shown in Figure 17. VS1003 AD Converter with and Without HP Filter 5 No High−Pass High−Pass Amplitude / dB 0 −5 −10 −15 −20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Frequency / Hz 3000 3500 4000 Figure 17: ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8kHz sample rate. SM LINE IN is used to select the input for ADPCM recording. If ’0’, microphone input pins MICP and MICN are used; if ’1’, LINEIN is used. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 33 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.2 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI STATUS (RW) SCI STATUS contains information on the current status of VS1003 and lets the user shutdown the chip without audio glitches. Name SS VER SS APDOWN2 SS APDOWN1 SS AVOL Bits 6:4 3 2 1:0 Description Version Analog driver powerdown Analog internal powerdown Analog volume control SS VER is 0 for VS1001, 1 for VS1011, 2 for VS1002 and 3 for VS1003. SS APDOWN2 controls analog driver powerdown. Normally this bit is controlled by the system firmware. However, if the user wants to powerdown VS1003 with a minimum power-off transient, turn this bit to 1, then wait for at least a few milliseconds before activating reset. SS APDOWN1 controls internal analog powerdown. This bit is meant to be used by the system firmware only. SS AVOL is the analog volume control: 0 = -0 dB, 1 = -6 dB, 3 = -12 dB. This register is meant to be used automatically by the system firmware only. 8.6.3 SCI BASS (RW) Name ST AMPLITUDE ST FREQLIMIT SB AMPLITUDE SB FREQLIMIT Bits 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0 Description Treble Control in 1.5 dB steps (-8..7, 0 = off) Lower limit frequency in 1000 Hz steps (0..15) Bass Enhancement in 1 dB steps (0..15, 0 = off) Lower limit frequency in 10 Hz steps (2..15) The Bass Enhancer VSBE is a powerful bass boosting DSP algorithm, which tries to take the most out of the users earphones without causing clipping. VSBE is activated when SB AMPLITUDE is non-zero. SB AMPLITUDE should be set to the user’s preferences, and SB FREQLIMIT to roughly 1.5 times the lowest frequency the user’s audio system can reproduce. For example setting SCI BASS to 0x00f6 will have 15 dB enhancement below 60 Hz. Note: Because VSBE tries to avoid clipping, it gives the best bass boost with dynamical music material, or when the playback volume is not set to maximum. It also does not create bass: the source material must have some bass to begin with. Treble Control VSTC is activated when ST AMPLITUDE is non-zero. For example setting SCI BASS to 0x7a00 will have 10.5 dB treble enhancement at and above 10 kHz. Bass Enhancer uses about 3.0 MIPS and Treble Control 1.2 MIPS at 44100 Hz sample rate. Both can be on simultaneously. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 34 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.4 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI CLOCKF (RW) The operation of SCI CLOCKF is different in VS1003 than in VS10x1 and VS1002. Name SC MULT SC ADD SC FREQ SCI CLOCKF bits Bits Description 15:13 Clock multiplier 12:11 Allowed multiplier addition 10: 0 Clock frequency SC MULT activates the built-in clock multiplier. This will multiply XTALI to create a higher CLKI. The values are as follows: SC MULT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MASK 0x0000 0x2000 0x4000 0x6000 0x8000 0xa000 0xc000 0xe000 CLKI XTALI XTALI×1.5 XTALI×2.0 XTALI×2.5 XTALI×3.0 XTALI×3.5 XTALI×4.0 XTALI×4.5 SC ADD tells, how much the decoder firmware is allowed to add to the multiplier specified by SC MULT if more cycles are temporarily needed to decode a WMA stream. The values are: SC ADD 0 1 2 3 MASK 0x0000 0x0800 0x1000 0x1800 Multiplier addition No modification is allowed 0.5× 1.0× 1.5× SC FREQ is used to tell if the input clock XTALI is running at something else than 12.288 MHz. XTALI is set in 4 kHz steps. The formula for calculating the correct value for this register is XT ALI−8000000 4000 (XTALI is in Hz). Note: The default value 0 is assumed to mean XTALI=12.288 MHz. Note: because maximum sample rate is MHz. XT ALI 256 , all sample rates are not available if XTALI < 12.288 Note: Automatic clock change can only happen when decoding WMA files. Automatic clock change is done one 0.5× at a time. This does not cause a drop to 1.0× clock and you can use the same SCI and SDI clock throughout the WMA file. When decoding ends the default multiplier is restored and can cause 1.0× clock to be used momentarily. Example: If SCI CLOCKF is 0x9BE8, SC MULT = 4, SC ADD = 3 and SC FREQ = 0x3E8 = 1000. This means that XTALI = 1000×4000+8000000 = 12 MHz. The clock multiplier is set to 3.0×XTALI = 36 MHz, and the maximum allowed multiplier that the firmware may automatically choose to use is (3.0 + 1.5)×XTALI = 54 MHz. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 35 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.5 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI DECODE TIME (RW) When decoding correct data, current decoded time is shown in this register in full seconds. The user may change the value of this register. In that case the new value should be written twice. SCI DECODE TIME is reset at every software reset and also when WAV (PCM or IMA ADPCM), WMA, or MIDI decoding starts or ends. 8.6.6 SCI AUDATA (RW) When decoding correct data, the current sample rate and number of channels can be found in bits 15:1 and 0 of SCI AUDATA, respectively. Bits 15:1 contain the sample rate divided by two, and bit 0 is 0 for mono data and 1 for stereo. Writing to SCI AUDATA will change the sample rate directly. Note: due to a bug, an odd sample rate reverses the operation of the stereo bit in VS1003b. Example: Example: Example: Example: 8.6.7 44100 Hz stereo data reads as 0xAC45 (44101). 11025 Hz mono data reads as 0x2B10 (11025). 11025 Hz stereo data reads as 0x2B11 (11026). Writing 0xAC80 sets sample rate to 44160 Hz, stereo mode does not change. SCI WRAM (RW) SCI WRAM is used to upload application programs and data to instruction and data RAMs. The start address must be initialized by writing to SCI WRAMADDR prior to the first write/read of SCI WRAM. As 16 bits of data can be transferred with one SCI WRAM write/read, and the instruction word is 32 bits long, two consecutive writes/reads are needed for each instruction word. The byte order is big-endian (i.e. most significant words first). After each full-word write/read, the internal pointer is autoincremented. 8.6.8 SCI WRAMADDR (W) SCI WRAMADDR is used to set the program address for following SCI WRAM writes/reads. Address offset of 0 is used for X, 0x4000 for Y, and 0x8000 for instruction memory. Peripheral registers can also be accessed. SM WRAMADDR Start. . . End 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x5800. . . 0x587F 0x8030. . . 0x84FF 0xC000. . . 0xFFFF Dest. addr. Start. . . End 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x0030. . . 0x04FF 0xC000. . . 0xFFFF Bits/ Word 16 16 32 16 Description X data RAM Y data RAM Instruction RAM I/O Only user areas in X, Y, and instruction memory are listed above. Other areas can be accessed, but should not be written to unless otherwise specified. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 36 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.9 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 (R) For WAV files, SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 read as 0x7761, and 0x7665, respectively. For WMA files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x574D and SCI HDAT0 contains the data speed measured in bytes per second. To get the bit-rate of the file, multiply the value of SCI HDAT0 by 8. for MIDI files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x4D54 and SCI HDAT0 contains values according to the following table: HDAT0[15:8] 0 1..255 HDAT0[7:0] polyphony reserved Value Explanation current polyphony For MP3 files, SCI HDAT[0. . . 1] have the following content: Bit HDAT1[15:5] HDAT1[4:3] Function syncword ID HDAT1[2:1] layer HDAT1[0] protect bit HDAT0[15:12] HDAT0[11:10] bitrate sample rate HDAT0[9] pad bit HDAT0[8] HDAT0[7:6] private bit mode HDAT0[5:4] HDAT0[3] extension copyright HDAT0[2] original HDAT0[1:0] emphasis Value 2047 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 Explanation stream valid ISO 11172-3 MPG 1.0 ISO 13818-3 MPG 2.0 (1/2-rate) MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate) MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate) I II III reserved No CRC CRC protected ISO 11172-3 reserved 32/16/ 8 kHz 48/24/12 kHz 44/22/11 kHz additional slot normal frame not defined mono dual channel joint stereo stereo ISO 11172-3 copyrighted free original copy CCITT J.17 reserved 50/15 microsec none When read, SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 contain header information that is extracted from MP3 stream Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 37 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b y 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION currently being decoded. After reset both registers are cleared, indicating no data has been found yet. The “sample rate” field in SCI HDAT0 is interpreted according to the following table: “sample rate” 3 2 1 0 ID=3 / Hz 32000 48000 44100 ID=2 / Hz 16000 24000 22050 ID=0,1 / Hz 8000 12000 11025 The “bitrate” field in HDAT0 is read according to the following table: “bitrate” 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8.6.10 ID=3 / kbit/s forbidden 320 256 224 192 160 128 112 96 80 64 56 48 40 32 - ID=0,1,2 / kbit/s forbidden 160 144 128 112 96 80 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 - SCI AIADDR (RW) SCI AIADDR indicates the start address of the application code written earlier with SCI WRAMADDR and SCI WRAM registers. If no application code is used, this register should not be initialized, or it should be initialized to zero. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 38 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 8.6.11 VS1003 8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SCI VOL (RW) SCI VOL is a volume control for the player hardware. For each channel, a value in the range of 0..254 may be defined to set its attenuation from the maximum volume level (in 0.5 dB steps). The left channel value is then multiplied by 256 and the values are added. Thus, maximum volume is 0 and total silence is 0xFEFE. Example: for a volume of -2.0 dB for the left channel and -3.5 dB for the right channel: (4*256) + 7 = 0x407. Note, that at startup volume is set to full volume. Resetting the software does not reset the volume setting. Note: Setting SCI VOL to 0xFFFF will activate analog powerdown mode. 8.6.12 SCI AICTRL[x] (RW) SCI AICTRL[x] registers ( x=[0 .. 3] ) can be used to access the user’s application program. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 39 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 9 VS1003 9. OPERATION Operation 9.1 Clocking VS1003 operates on a single, nominally 12.288 MHz fundamental frequency master clock. This clock can be generated by external circuitry (connected to pin XTALI) or by the internal clock crystal interface (pins XTALI and XTALO). 9.2 Hardware Reset When the XRESET -signal is driven low, VS1003 is reset and all the control registers and internal states are set to the initial values. XRESET-signal is asynchronous to any external clock. The reset mode doubles as a full-powerdown mode, where both digital and analog parts of VS1003 are in minimum power consumption stage, and where clocks are stopped. Also XTALO is grounded. After a hardware reset (or at power-up) DREQ will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles, which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if VS1003 is run at 12.288 MHz. After this the user should set such basic software registers as SCI MODE, SCI BASS, SCI CLOCKF, and SCI VOL before starting decoding. See section 8.6 for details. Internal clock can be multiplied with a PLL. Supported multipliers through the SCI CLOCKF register are 1.0 × . . . 4.5× the input clock. Reset value for Internal Clock Multiplier is 1.0×. If typical values are wanted, the Internal Clock Multiplier needs to be set to 3.0× after reset. Wait until DREQ rises, then write value 0x9800 to SCI CLOCKF (register 3). See section 8.6.4 for details. 9.3 Software Reset In some cases the decoder software has to be reset. This is done by activating bit 2 in SCI MODE register (Chapter 8.6.1). Then wait for at least 2 µs, then look at DREQ. DREQ will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles, which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if VS1003 is run at 12.288 MHz. After DREQ is up, you may continue playback as usual. If you want to make sure VS1003 doesn’t cut the ending of low-bitrate data streams and you want to do a software reset, it is recommended to feed 2048 zeros (honoring DREQ) to the SDI bus after the file and before the reset. This is especially important for MIDI files, although you can also use SCI HDAT1 polling. If you want to interrupt the playing of a WAV, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM OUTOFWAV in the mode register, and wait until SCI HDAT1 is cleared (with a two-second timeout) before continuing with a software reset. MP3 does not currently implement the SM OUTOFWAV because it is a stream format, thus the timeout requirement. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 40 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 9.4 VS1003 9. OPERATION ADPCM Recording This chapter explains how to create RIFF/WAV file with IMA ADPCM format. This is a widely supported ADPCM format and many PC audio playback programs can play it. IMA ADPCM recording gives roughly a compression ratio of 4:1 compared to linear, 16-bit audio. This makes it possible to record 8 kHz audio at 32.44 kbit/s. 9.4.1 Activating ADPCM mode IMA ADPCM recording mode is activated by setting bits SM RESET and SM ADPCM in SCI MODE. Optionally a high-pass-filter can be enabled for 8 kHz sample rate by also setting SM ADPCM HP at the same time. Line input is used instead of mic if SM LINE IN is set. Before activating ADPCM recording, user must write a clock divider value to SCI AICTRL0 and gain to SCI AICTRL1. The differences of using SM ADPCM HP are presented in figure 17 (page 33). As a general rule, audio will be fuller and closer to original if SM ADPCM HP is not used. However, speech may be more intelligible with the high-pass filter active. Use the filter only with 8 kHz sample rate. Before activating ADPCM recording, user should write a clock divider value to SCI AICTRL0. The Fc sampling frequency is calculated from the following formula: fs = 256×d , where Fc is the internal clock (CLKI) and d is the divider value in SCI AICTRL0. The lowest valid value for d is 4. If SCI AICTRL0 contains 0, the default divider value 12 is used. Examples: Fc = 2.0 × 12.288 MHz, d = 12. Now fs = 2.0×12288000 = 8000 Hz. 256×12 2.5×14745000 Fc = 2.5 × 14.745 MHz, d = 18. Now fs = 256×18 = 8000 Hz. Fc = 2.5 × 13 MHz, d = 16. Now fs = 2.5×13000000 = 7935 Hz. 256×16 Also, before activating ADPCM mode, the user has to set linear recording gain control to register SCI AICTRL1. 1024 is equal to digital gain 1, 512 is equal to digital gain 0.5 and so on. If the user wants to use automatic gain control (AGC), SCI AICTRL1 should be set to 0. Typical speech applications usually are better off using AGC, as this takes care of relatively uniform speech loudness in recordings. Since VS1033c SCI AICTRL2 controls the maximum AGC gain. If SCI AICTRL2 is zero, the maximum gain is 65535 (64×), i.e. whole range is used. This is compatible with previous operation. 9.4.2 Reading IMA ADPCM Data After IMA ADPCM recording has been activated, registers SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 have new functions. The IMA ADPCM sample buffer is 1024 16-bit words. The fill status of the buffer can be read from SCI HDAT1. If SCI HDAT1 is greater than 0, you can read as many 16-bit words from SCI HDAT0. If the data is not read fast enough, the buffer overflows and returns to empty state. Note: if SCI HDAT1 ≥ 896, it may be better to wait for the buffer to overflow and clear before reading samples. That way you may avoid buffer aliasing. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 41 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b y 9. OPERATION Each IMA ADPCM block is 128 words, i.e. 256 bytes. If you wish to interrupt reading data and possibly continue later, please stop at a 128-word boundary. This way whole blocks are skipped and the encoded stream stays valid. 9.4.3 Adding a RIFF Header To make your IMA ADPCM file a RIFF / WAV file, you have to add a header before the actual data. Note that 2- and 4-byte values are little-endian (lowest byte first) in this format: File Offset 0 4 8 12 16 20 22 24 28 32 34 36 38 40 44 48 52 56 60 316 Field Name ChunkID ChunkSize Format SubChunk1ID SubChunk1Size AudioFormat NumOfChannels SampleRate ByteRate BlockAlign BitsPerSample ByteExtraData ExtraData SubChunk2ID SubChunk2Size NumOfSamples SubChunk3ID SubChunk3Size Block1 ... Size 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 256 Bytes "RIFF" F0 F1 F2 F3 "WAVE" "fmt " 0x14 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x11 0x0 0x1 0x0 R0 R1 R2 R3 B0 B1 B2 B3 0x0 0x1 0x4 0x0 0x2 0x0 0xf9 0x1 "fact" 0x4 0x0 0x0 0x0 S0 S1 S2 S3 "data" D0 D1 D2 D3 Description File size - 8 20 0x11 for IMA ADPCM Mono sound 0x1f40 for 8 kHz 0xfd7 for 8 kHz 0x100 4-bit ADPCM 2 Samples per block (505) 4 Data size (File Size-60) First ADPCM block More ADPCM data blocks If we have n audio blocks, the values in the table are as follows: F = n × 256 + 52 R = Fs (see Chapter 9.4.1 to see how to calculate Fs ) ×256 B = Fs505 S = n × 505. D = n × 256 If you know beforehand how much you are going to record, you may fill in the complete header before any actual data. However, if you don’t know how much you are going to record, you have to fill in the header size datas F , S and D after finishing recording. The 128 words (256 bytes) of an ADPCM block are read from SCI HDAT0 and written into file as follows. The high 8 bits of SCI HDAT0 should be written as the first byte to a file, then the low 8 bits. Note that this is contrary to the default operation of some 16-bit microcontrollers, and you may have to take extra care to do this right. A way to see if you have written the file in the right way is to check bytes 2 and 3 (the first byte counts as byte 0) of each 256-byte block. Byte 3 should always be zero. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 42 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 9.4.4 VS1003 9. OPERATION Playing ADPCM Data In order to play back your IMA ADPCM recordings, you have to have a file with a header as described in Chapter 9.4.3. If this is the case, all you need to do is to provide the ADPCM file through SDI as you would with any audio file. 9.4.5 Sample Rate Considerations VS10xx chips that support IMA ADPCM playback are capable of playing back ADPCM files with any sample rate. However, some other programs may expect IMA ADPCM files to have some exact sample rates, like 8000 or 11025 Hz. Also, some programs or systems do not support sample rates below 8000 Hz. However, if you don’t have an appropriate clock, you may not be able to get an exact 8 kHz sample rate. If you have a 12 MHz clock, the closest sample rate you can get with 2.0 × 12 MHz and d = 12 is fs = 7812.5Hz. Because the frequency error is only 2.4%, it may be best to set fs = 8000Hz to the header if the same file is also to be played back with an PC. This causes the sample to be played back a little faster (one minute is played in 59 seconds). Note, however, that unless absolutely necessary, sample rates should not be tweaked in the way described here. If you want better quality with the expense of increased data rate, you can use higher sample rates, for example 16 kHz. 9.4.6 Example Code The following code initializes IMA ADPCM encoding on VS1003b/VS1023 and shows how to read the data. const unsigned char 0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x57, 0x41, 0x56, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x5c, 0x1f, 0x00, 0xe8, 0x0f, 0x00, }; header[] = { 0x46, 0x1c, 0x10, 0x45, 0x66, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x75, 0x12, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x74, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x61, 0x00 0x00, 0x74, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x74, 0x00, 0x20, /*|RIFF....WAVEfmt |*/ 0x00, 0x00, /*|........@......|*/ 0x01, 0x00, /*|.......fact....|*/ 0x61, unsigned char db[512]; /* data buffer for saving to disk */ Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 43 VLSI VS1003b y Solution void RecordAdpcm1003(void) { u_int16 w = 0, idx = 0; ... VS1003 9. OPERATION /* VS1003b/VS1033c */ /* Check and locate free space on disk */ SetMp3Vol(0x1414); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_BASS, /* Recording monitor volume */ 0); /* Bass/treble disabled */ WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_CLOCKF, 0x4430); /* 2.0x 12.288MHz */ Wait(100); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL0, 12); /* Div -> 12=8kHz 8=12kHz 6=16kHz */ Wait(100); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL1, 0); /* Auto gain */ Wait(100); if (line_in) { WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x5804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */ } else { WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x1804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */ } for (idx=0; idx < sizeof(header); idx++) { /* Save header first */ db[idx] = header[idx]; } /* Fix rate if needed */ /*db[24] = rate;*/ /*db[25] = rate>>8;*/ /* Record loop */ while (recording_on) { do { w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT1); } while (w < 256 || w >= 896); /* wait until 512 bytes available */ while (idx < 512) { w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT0); db[idx++] = w>>8; db[idx++] = w&0xFF; } idx = 0; write_block(datasector++, db); /* Write output block to disk */ } ... /* Fix WAV header information */ ... /* Then update FAT information */ ResetMP3(); /* Normal reset, restore default settings */ SetMp3Vol(vol); } Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 44 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 9.5 VS1003 9. OPERATION SPI Boot If GPIO0 is set with a pull-up resistor to 1 at boot time, VS1003 tries to boot from external SPI memory. SPI boot redefines the following pins: Normal Mode GPIO0 GPIO1 DREQ GPIO2 SPI Boot Mode xCS CLK MOSI MISO The memory has to be an SPI Bus Serial EEPROM with 16-bit addresses (i.e. at least 1 KiB). The serial speed used by VS1003 is 245 kHz with the nominal 12.288 MHz clock. The first three bytes in the memory have to be 0x50, 0x26, 0x48. The exact record format is explained in the Application Notes for VS10XX. 9.6 Play/Decode This is the normal operation mode of VS1003. SDI data is decoded. Decoded samples are converted to analog domain by the internal DAC. If no decodable data is found, SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 are set to 0 and analog outputs are muted. When there is no input for decoding, VS1003 goes into idle mode (lower power consumption than during decoding) and actively monitors the serial data input for valid data. All different formats can be played back-to-back without software reset in-between. Send at least 4 zeros after each stream. However, using software reset between streams may still be a good idea, as it guards against broken files. In this case you shouldt wait for the completion of the decoding (SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 become zero) before issuing software reset. 9.7 Feeding PCM data VS1003 can be used as a PCM decoder by sending to it a WAV file header. If the length sent in the WAV file is 0 or 0xFFFFFFF, VS1003 will stay in PCM mode indefinitely (or until SM OUTOFWAV has been set). 8-bit linear and 16-bit linear audio is supported in mono or stereo. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 45 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 9.8 VS1003 9. OPERATION SDI Tests There are several test modes in VS1003, which allow the user to perform memory tests, SCI bus tests, and several different sine wave tests. All tests are started in a similar way: VS1003 is hardware reset, SM TESTS is set, and then a test command is sent to the SDI bus. Each test is started by sending a 4-byte special command sequence, followed by 4 zeros. The sequences are described below. 9.8.1 Sine Test Sine test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0xEF 0x6E n 0 0 0 0, where n defines the sine test to use. n is defined as follows: Name F s Idx S Bits 7:5 4:0 n bits Description Sample rate index Sine skip speed F s Idx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fs 44100 Hz 48000 Hz 32000 Hz 22050 Hz 24000 Hz 16000 Hz 11025 Hz 12000 Hz The frequency of the sine to be output can now be calculated from F = F s × S 128 . Example: Sine test is activated with value 126, which is 0b01111110. Breaking n to its components, F s Idx = 0b011 = 3 and thus F s = 22050Hz. S = 0b11110 = 30, and thus the final sine frequency 30 F = 22050Hz × 128 ≈ 5168Hz. To exit the sine test, send the sequence 0x45 0x78 0x69 0x74 0 0 0 0. Note: Sine test signals go through the digital volume control, so it is possible to test channels separately. 9.8.2 Pin Test Pin test is activated with the 8-byte sequence 0x50 0xED 0x6E 0x54 0 0 0 0. This test is meant for chip production testing only. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 46 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 9.8.3 VS1003 9. OPERATION Memory Test Memory test mode is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x4D 0xEA 0x6D 0x54 0 0 0 0. After this sequence, wait for 500000 clock cycles. The result can be read from the SCI register SCI HDAT0, and ’one’ bits are interpreted as follows: Bit(s) 15 14:7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mask 0x8000 0x0040 0x0020 0x0010 0x0008 0x0004 0x0002 0x0001 0x807f Meaning Test finished Unused Mux test succeeded Good I RAM Good Y RAM Good X RAM Good I ROM Good Y ROM Good X ROM All ok Memory tests overwrite the current contents of the RAM memories. 9.8.4 SCI Test Sci test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0x70 0xEE n 0 0 0 0, where n − 48 is the register number to test. The content of the given register is read and copied to SCI HDAT0. If the register to be tested is HDAT0, the result is copied to SCI HDAT1. Example: if n is 48, contents of SCI register 0 (SCI MODE) is copied to SCI HDAT0. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 47 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 10 10.1 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS VS1003 Registers Who Needs to Read This Chapter User software is required when a user wishes to add some own functionality like DSP effects to VS1003. However, most users of VS1003 don’t need to worry about writing their own code, or about this chapter, including those who only download software plug-ins from VLSI Solution’s Web site. 10.2 The Processor Core VS DSP is a 16/32-bit DSP processor core that also had extensive all-purpose processor features. VLSI Solution’s free VSKIT Software Package contains all the tools and documentation needed to write, simulate and debug Assembly Language or Extended ANSI C programs for the VS DSP processor core. VLSI Solution also offers a full Integrated Development Environment VSIDE for full debug capabilities. 10.3 VS1003 Memory Map VS1003’s Memory Map is shown in Figure 18. 10.4 SCI Registers SCI registers described in Chapter 8.6 can be found here between 0xC000..0xC00F. In addition to these registers, there is one in address 0xC010, called SCI CHANGE. Reg 0xC010 Type r Reset 0 SCI CHANGE bits Bits Description 4 1 if last access was a write cycle. 3:0 SPI address of last access. Name SCI CH WRITE SCI CH ADDR 10.5 Serial Data Registers Reg 0xC011 0xC012 Version 1.04, SCI registers, prefix SCI Abbrev[bits] Description CHANGE[5:0] Last SCI access address. Type r w 2009-02-03 Reset 0 0 SDI registers, prefix SER Abbrev[bits] Description DATA Last received 2 bytes, big-endian. DREQ[0] DREQ pin control. 48 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b y Instruction (32−bit) 0000 0030 X (16−bit) 10. VS1003 REGISTERS Y (16−bit) 0000 0030 System Vectors User Instruction RAM 0500 0500 X DATA RAM Y DATA RAM User Space User Space Stack Stack 1800 1800 1880 1940 1880 1940 1C00 1C00 1E00 1E00 4000 4000 Instruction ROM X DATA ROM 8000 Y DATA ROM 8000 C000 C000 Hardware Register Space C100 C100 Figure 18: User’s Memory Map. 10.6 DAC Registers Reg 0xC013 0xC014 0xC015 0xC016 Type rw rw rw rw Reset 0 0 0 0 DAC registers, prefix DAC Abbrev[bits] Description FCTLL DAC frequency control, 16 LSbs. FCTLH DAC frequency control 4MSbs, PLL control. LEFT DAC left channel PCM value. RIGHT DAC right channel PCM value. Every fourth clock cycle, an internal 26-bit counter is added to by (DAC FCTLH & 15) × 65536 + DAC FCTLL. Whenever this counter overflows, values from DAC LEFT and DAC RIGHT are read and a DAC interrupt is generated. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 49 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.7 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS GPIO Registers Reg 0xC017 0xC018 0xC019 Type rw r rw Reset 0 0 0 GPIO registers, prefix GPIO Abbrev[bits] Description DDR[3:0] Direction. IDATA[3:0] Values read from the pins. ODATA[3:0] Values set to the pins. GPIO DIR is used to set the direction of the GPIO pins. 1 means output. GPIO ODATA remembers its values even if a GPIO DIR bit is set to input. GPIO registers don’t generate interrupts. Note that in VS1003 the VSDSP registers can be read and written through the SCI WRAMADDR and SCI WRAM registers. You can thus use the GPIO pins quite conveniently. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 50 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.8 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS Interrupt Registers Reg 0xC01A 0xC01B 0xC01C 0xC01D Type rw w w rw Reset 0 0 0 0 Interrupt registers, prefix INT Abbrev[bits] Description ENABLE[7:0] Interrupt enable. GLOB DIS[-] Write to add to interrupt counter. GLOB ENA[-] Write to subtract from interript counter. COUNTER[4:0] Interrupt counter. INT ENABLE controls the interrupts. The control bits are as follows: Name INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN TIM1 TIM0 RX TX MODU SDI SCI DAC Bits 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 INT ENABLE bits Description Enable Timer 1 interrupt. Enable Timer 0 interrupt. Enable UART RX interrupt. Enable UART TX interrupt. Enable AD modulator interrupt. Enable Data interrupt. Enable SCI interrupt. Enable DAC interrupt. Note: It may take upto 6 clock cycles before changing INT ENABLE has any effect. Writing any value to INT GLOB DIS adds one to the interrupt counter INT COUNTER and effectively disables all interrupts. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing to this register has any effect. Writing any value to INT GLOB ENA subtracts one from the interrupt counter (unless INT COUNTER already was 0). If the interrupt counter becomes zero, interrupts selected with INT ENABLE are restored. An interrupt routine should always write to this register as the last thing it does, because interrupts automatically add one to the interrupt counter, but subtracting it back to its initial value is the responsibility of the user. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing this register has any effect. By reading INT COUNTER the user may check if the interrupt counter is correct or not. If the register is not 0, interrupts are disabled. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 51 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.9 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS A/D Modulator Registers Reg 0xC01E 0xC01F Type rw rw Reset 0 0 Interrupt registers, prefix AD Abbrev[bits] Description DIV A/D Modulator divider. DATA A/D Modulator data. AD DIV controls the AD converter’s sampling frequency. To gather one sample, 128 × n clock cycles are used (n is value of AD DIV). The lowest usable value is 4, which gives a 48 kHz sample rate when CLKI is 24.576 MHz. When AD DIV is 0, the A/D converter is turned off. AD DATA contains the latest decoded A/D value. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 52 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.10 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26 The watchdog consist of a watchdog counter and some logic. After reset, the watchdog is inactive. The counter reload value can be set by writing to WDOG CONFIG. The watchdog is activated by writing 0x4ea9 to register WDOG RESET. Every time this is done, the watchdog counter is reset. Every 65536’th clock cycle the counter is decremented by one. If the counter underflows, it will activate vsdsp’s internal reset sequence. Thus, after the first 0x4ea9 write to WDOG RESET, subsequent writes to the same register with the same value must be made no less than every 65536×WDOG CONFIG clock cycles. Once started, the watchdog cannot be turned off. Also, a write to WDOG CONFIG doesn’t change the counter reload value. After watchdog has been activated, any read/write operation from/to WDOG CONFIG or WDOG DUMMY will invalidate the next write operation to WDOG RESET. This will prevent runaway loops from resetting the counter, even if they do happen to write the correct number. Writing a wrong value to WDOG RESET will also invalidate the next write to WDOG RESET. Reads from watchdog registers return undefined values. 10.10.1 Registers Reg 0xC020 0xC021 0xC022 Version 1.04, Watchdog, prefix WDOG Type Reset Abbrev Description w 0 CONFIG Configuration w 0 RESET Clock configuration w 0 DUMMY[-] Dummy register 2009-02-03 53 VLSI Solution VS1003 VS1003b y 10.11 10. VS1003 REGISTERS UART v1.0 2002-04-23 RS232 UART implements a serial interface using rs232 standard. Start bit D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Stop D7 bit Figure 19: RS232 Serial Interface Protocol When the line is idling, it stays in logic high state. When a byte is transmitted, the transmission begins with a start bit (logic zero) and continues with data bits (LSB first) and ends up with a stop bit (logic high). 10 bits are sent for each 8-bit byte frame. 10.11.1 Registers Reg 0xC028 0xC029 0xC02A 0xC02B UART registers, prefix UARTx Type Reset Abbrev Description r 0 STATUS[3:0] Status r/w 0 DATA[7:0] Data r/w 0 DATAH[15:8] Data High r/w 0 DIV Divider 10.11.2 Status UARTx STATUS A read from the status register returns the transmitter and receiver states. Name UART UART UART UART ST ST ST ST RXORUN RXFULL TXFULL TXRUNNING UARTx STATUS Bits Bits Description 3 Receiver overrun 2 Receiver data register full 1 Transmitter data register full 0 Transmitter running UART ST RXORUN is set if a received byte overwrites unread data when it is transferred from the receiver shift register to the data register, otherwise it is cleared. UART ST RXFULL is set if there is unread data in the data register. UART ST TXFULL is set if a write to the data register is not allowed (data register full). UART ST TXRUNNING is set if the transmitter shift register is in operation. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 54 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS 10.11.3 Data UARTx DATA A read from UARTx DATA returns the received byte in bits 7:0, bits 15:8 are returned as ’0’. If there is no more data to be read, the receiver data register full indicator will be cleared. A receive interrupt will be generated when a byte is moved from the receiver shift register to the receiver data register. A write to UARTx DATA sets a byte for transmission. The data is taken from bits 7:0, other bits in the written value are ignored. If the transmitter is idle, the byte is immediately moved to the transmitter shift register, a transmit interrupt request is generated, and transmission is started. If the transmitter is busy, the UART ST TXFULL will be set and the byte remains in the transmitter data register until the previous byte has been sent and transmission can proceed. 10.11.4 Data High UARTx DATAH The same as UARTx DATA, except that bits 15:8 are used. 10.11.5 Divider UARTx DIV Name UART DIV D1 UART DIV D2 UARTx DIV Bits Bits Description 15:8 Divider 1 (0..255) 7:0 Divider 2 (6..255) The divider is set to 0x0000 in reset. The ROM boot code must initialize it correctly depending on the master clock frequency to get the correct bit speed. The second divider (D2 ) must be from 6 to 255. The communication speed f = TX/RX speed in bps. fm (D1 +1)×(D2 ) , where fm is the master clock frequency, and f is the Divider values for common communication speeds at 26 MHz master clock: Example UART Speeds, fm = 26M Hz Comm. Speed [bps] UART DIV D1 UART DIV D2 4800 85 63 9600 42 63 14400 42 42 19200 51 26 28800 42 21 38400 25 26 57600 1 226 115200 0 226 Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 55 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS 10.11.6 Interrupts and Operation Transmitter operates as follows: After an 8-bit word is written to the transmit data register it will be transmitted instantly if the transmitter is not busy transmitting the previous byte. When the transmission begins a TX INTR interrupt will be sent. Status bit [1] informs the transmitter data register empty (or full state) and bit [0] informs the transmitter (shift register) empty state. A new word must not be written to transmitter data register if it is not empty (bit [1] = ’0’). The transmitter data register will be empty as soon as it is shifted to transmitter and the transmission is begun. It is safe to write a new word to transmitter data register every time a transmit interrupt is generated. Receiver operates as follows: It samples the RX signal line and if it detects a high to low transition, a start bit is found. After this it samples each 8 bit at the middle of the bit time (using a constant timer), and fills the receiver (shift register) LSB first. Finally if a stop bit (logic high) is detected the data in the receiver is moved to the reveive data register and the RX INTR interrupt is sent and a status bit[2] (receive data register full) is set, and status bit[2] old state is copied to bit[3] (receive data overrun). After that the receiver returns to idle state to wait for a new start bit. Status bit[2] is zeroed when the receiver data register is read. RS232 communication speed is set using two clock dividers. The base clock is the processor master clock. Bits 15-8 in these registers are for first divider and bits 7-0 for second divider. RX sample frequency is the clock frequency that is input for the second divider. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 56 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.12 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS Timers v1.0 2002-04-23 There are two 32-bit timers that can be initialized and enabled independently of each other. If enabled, a timer initializes to its start value, written by a processor, and starts decrementing every clock cycle. When the value goes past zero, an interrupt is sent, and the timer initializes to the value in its start value register, and continues downcounting. A timer stays in that loop as long as it is enabled. A timer has a 32-bit timer register for down counting and a 32-bit TIMER1 LH register for holding the timer start value written by the processor. Timers have also a 2-bit TIMER ENA register. Each timer is enabled (1) or disabled (0) by a corresponding bit of the enable register. 10.12.1 Registers Reg 0xC030 0xC031 0xC034 0xC035 0xC036 0xC037 0xC038 0xC039 0xC03A 0xC03B Timer registers, prefix TIMER Type Reset Abbrev Description r/w 0 CONFIG[7:0] Timer configuration r/w 0 ENABLE[1:0] Timer enable r/w 0 T0L Timer0 startvalue - LSBs r/w 0 T0H Timer0 startvalue - MSBs r/w 0 T0CNTL Timer0 counter - LSBs r/w 0 T0CNTH Timer0 counter - MSBs r/w 0 T1L Timer1 startvalue - LSBs r/w 0 T1H Timer1 startvalue - MSBs r/w 0 T1CNTL Timer1 counter - LSBs r/w 0 T1CNTH Timer1 counter - MSBs 10.12.2 Configuration TIMER CONFIG Name TIMER CF CLKDIV TIMER CONFIG Bits Bits Description 7:0 Master clock divider TIMER CF CLKDIV is the master clock divider for all timer clocks. The generated internal clock fm frequency fi = c+1 , where fm is the master clock frequency and c is TIMER CF CLKDIV. Example: With a 12 MHz master clock, TIMER CF DIV=3 divides the master clock by 4, and the output/sampling Hz clock would thus be fi = 12M 3+1 = 3M Hz. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 57 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS 10.12.3 Configuration TIMER ENABLE Name TIMER EN T1 TIMER EN T0 TIMER ENABLE Bits Bits Description 1 Enable timer 1 0 Enable timer 0 10.12.4 Timer X Startvalue TIMER Tx[L/H] The 32-bit start value TIMER Tx[L/H] sets the initial counter value when the timer is reset. The timer fi interrupt frequency ft = c+1 where fi is the master clock obtained with the clock divider (see Chapter 10.12.2 and c is TIMER Tx[L/H]. Example: With a 12 MHz master clock and with TIMER CF CLKDIV=3, the master clock fi = 3M Hz. Hz If TIMER TH=0, TIMER TL=99, then the timer interrupt frequency ft = 3M 99+1 = 30kHz. 10.12.5 Timer X Counter TIMER TxCNT[L/H] TIMER TxCNT[L/H] contains the current counter values. By reading this register pair, the user may get knowledge of how long it will take before the next timer interrupt. Also, by writing to this register, a one-shot different length timer interrupt delay may be realized. 10.12.6 Interrupts Each timer has its own interrupt, which is asserted when the timer counter underflows. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 58 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 10.13 VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS System Vector Tags The System Vector Tags are tags that may be replaced by the user to take control over several decoder functions. 10.13.1 AudioInt, 0x20 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi DAC_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the audio interrupt. 10.13.2 SciInt, 0x21 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi SCI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SCI interrupt. 10.13.3 DataInt, 0x22 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi SDI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SDI interrupt. 10.13.4 ModuInt, 0x23 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi MODU_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the AD Modulator interrupt. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 59 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS 10.13.5 TxInt, 0x24 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the UART TX interrupt. 10.13.6 RxInt, 0x25 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi RX_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the UART RX interrupt. 10.13.7 Timer0Int, 0x26 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the Timer 0 interrupt. 10.13.8 Timer1Int, 0x27 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the Timer 1 interrupt. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 60 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS 10.13.9 UserCodec, 0x0 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jr nop If the user wants to take control away from the standard decoder, the first instruction should be replaced with an appropriate j command to user’s own code. Unless the user is feeding MP3 or WMA data at the same time, the system activates the user program in less than 1 ms. After this, the user should steal interrupt vectors from the system, and insert user programs. 10.14 System Vector Functions The System Vector Functions are pointers to some functions that the user may call to help implementing his own applications. 10.14.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 VS DSP C prototype: void WriteIRam(register i0 u int16 *addr, register a1 u int16 msW, register a0 u int16 lsW); This is the preferred way to write to the User Instruction RAM. 10.14.2 ReadIRam(), 0x4 VS DSP C prototype: u int32 ReadIRam(register i0 u int16 *addr); This is the preferred way to read from the User Instruction RAM. A1 contains the MSBs and a0 the LSBs of the result. 10.14.3 DataBytes(), 0x6 VS DSP C prototype: Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 61 VLSI Solution VS1003b y VS1003 10. VS1003 REGISTERS u int16 DataBytes(void); If the user has taken over the normal operation of the system by switching the pointer in UserCodec to point to his own code, he may read data from the Data Interface through this and the following two functions. This function returns the number of data bytes that can be read. 10.14.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 VS DSP C prototype: u int16 GetDataByte(void); Reads and returns one data byte from the Data Interface. This function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer. 10.14.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa VS DSP C prototype: void GetDataWords(register i0 y u int16 *d, register a0 u int16 n); Read n data byte pairs and copy them in big-endian format (first byte to MSBs) to d. This function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer. 10.14.6 Reboot(), 0xc VS DSP C prototype: void Reboot(void); Causes a software reboot, i.e. jump to the standard firmware without reinitializing the IRAM vectors. This is NOT the same as the software reset function, which causes complete initialization. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 62 VLSI VS1003b y Solution 11 VS1003 11. DOCUMENT VERSION CHANGES Document Version Changes This chapter describes the most important changes to this document. Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 • Typical characteristics added to section 4.7, some values changed in section 4.3. Version 1.03, 2008-07-21 • Max SCI read clock changed from CLKI/6 to CLKI/7. • Typical connection diagram updated. • SCI commands need a fixed delay if DREQ is low. • AD DIV documentation fixed. Version 1.02, 2006-07-13 • Some clarifications to ADPCM recording. • GBUF is now called Common mode buffer. • Updated the connection diagram in Section 6 Version 1.01, 2005-12-08 • ADPCM recording section added (section 9.4) • Changed output voltage current to 1 mA, max CLKI to 52 MHz, temperature range -40..85◦ C. Version 1.00, 2005-09-05 • AVDD maximum reduced to 2.85 V • Production version, no longer preliminary Version 0.93, 2005-06-23 • Power consumption limits updated Version 0.92, 2005-06-07 • License clause updated • Midi instruments listed • Recommended temperature range -25◦ C..+70◦ Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 63 VLSI Solution VS1003b y 12 VS1003 12. CONTACT INFORMATION Contact Information VLSI Solution Oy Entrance G, 2nd floor Hermiankatu 8 FIN-33720 Tampere FINLAND Fax: +358-3-3140-8288 Phone: +358-3-3140-8200 Email: sales@vlsi.fi URL: http://www.vlsi.fi/ Version 1.04, 2009-02-03 64