DIABLO16

Table of Contents DIABLO16 Embedded Graphics Processor DATASHEET Document Revision: 2.6 Document Date: 13th December 2021 DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 1 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Description .............................................................................................................. 4 2. Features ................................................................................................................... 4 3. Applications ............................................................................................................. 5 4. Pin Summary ............................................................................................................ 6 5. Pin Description ......................................................................................................... 9 5.1. Display Interface ...................................................................................................... 9 5.2. SPI Interface – Memory Card ................................................................................. 10 5.3. Serial Ports – TTL Level Serial................................................................................. 10 5.4. Audio Interface ...................................................................................................... 11 5.5. Touch Screen Interface .......................................................................................... 12 5.6. GPIO – General Purpose IO .................................................................................... 12 5.7. System Pins ............................................................................................................ 13 5.8. Alternate Pin Functions.......................................................................................... 14 5.9. SPI........................................................................................................................... 15 5.10. I2C ........................................................................................................................ 16 5.11. Pulse Out .............................................................................................................. 16 5.12. PWM Out ............................................................................................................. 17 5.13. Pin Counter .......................................................................................................... 17 5.14. Quadrature In....................................................................................................... 18 5.15. Analog Inputs ....................................................................................................... 18 6. Diablo16 Architecture ............................................................................................ 19 6.1. Flash Storage & RAM Allocation ............................................................................ 20 6.2. PmmC / PmmC Loader ........................................................................................... 20 6.3. Display Driver ......................................................................................................... 20 6.4. User Flash Memory Banks ..................................................................................... 21 6.5. RAM (Both System and User) ................................................................................ 21 7. 4DGL – Software Language ..................................................................................... 22 8. In Circuit Serial Programming ................................................................................. 22 9. System Registers Memory Map .............................................................................. 23 10. Memory Cards – FAT16......................................................................................... 25 11. Hardware Tools .................................................................................................... 25 11.1. 4D Programming Adaptors .................................................................................. 25 DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 2 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au Table of Contents 11.2. Evaluation Display Modules ................................................................................. 26 12. 4D Labs – Workshop4 IDE ..................................................................................... 26 12.1. Designer Environment ......................................................................................... 27 12.2. ViSi Environment .................................................................................................. 27 12.3. ViSi Genie Environment ....................................................................................... 27 12.4. Serial Environment ............................................................................................... 28 13. Reference Design ................................................................................................. 29 14. Package Details .................................................................................................... 30 15. PCB Land Pattern.................................................................................................. 31 16. Specifications and Ratings .................................................................................... 32 17. Revision History ................................................................................................... 34 18. Legal Notice ......................................................................................................... 35 19. Contact Information ............................................................................................. 35 DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 3 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 1. Description 2. Features The Diablo16 Processor is one of 4D Labs processor range, providing more power, more FLASH, more RAM and more features than the Picaso Processor. • The Diablo16 Processor is a custom embedded 4DGL graphics controller designed to interface with many popular OLED and LCD display panels. With its powerful graphics, text, image, and animation abilities built-in, along with numerous more features make the Diablo16 a single chip solution for a wide variety of LCD and OLED display solutions. The Diablo16 offers a simple plug-n-play interface to many 16-bit 80-Series colour LCD and OLED displays, and is designed to work with minimal design effort as all of the data and control signals are provided by the chip to interface directly to the display. This offers enormous advantage to the designer in development time and cost saving and takes away the burden of low-level design. Note: Please refer to Section 6.3 for information on creating the Display Driver. Please contact Technical Support or Sales before starting. The Diablo16 belongs to 4D Labs family of processors powered by a highly optimised soft-core virtual engine, EVE (Extensible Virtual Engine). EVE is a proprietary, high performance virtual processor with an extensive byte-code instruction set optimised to execute compiled 4DGL programs. 4DGL (4D Graphics Language) was specifically developed from ground up for the EVE engine core. It is a high-level language which is easy to learn and simple to understand yet powerful enough to tackle many embedded graphics applications. The processor offers a comprehensive set of I/O features and can interface to SPI, I2C, serial, digital, and analog devices, and provides a wealth of features such as PWM, Quadrature, PulseOut and Pin Counter functions. Provision is also made for a dedicated PWM audio output that supports audio WAV files and complex sound generation. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 banks of 32750 bytes of Flash memory for User Application Code and Data 32KB of SRAM purely for the User. 16 General Purpose I/O pins for user interfacing, which include 4 configurable Analog Inputs. The GPIO is variously configurable for alternative functions such as: o 3x I2C channels available o 1x dedicated for SD Card and 3x configurable SPI channels available o 1x dedicated and 3x configurable TTL Serial comm ports available o Up to 6 GPIO can be used as Pin Counters o Up to 6 GPIO for PWM (simple and Servo) o Up to 10 GPIO for Pulse Output o Up to 14 GPIO can be configured for Quadrature Encoder Inputs (2 channels) FAT16 file services. Dedicated SPI interface for SDHC/SD memory card for multimedia storage and data logging purposes (micro-SD with up to 2GB and SDHC memory cards starting from 4GB and above). SD/uSD Card must be SPI Compatible. 4-Wire Resistive Touch panel interface. Audio support for wave files and complex sound generation with a dedicated 16-bit PWM audio output. 8 x 16-bit timers with 1 millisecond resolution. Low-cost OLED, LCD and TFT display graphics user interface solution. Ideal as a standalone embedded graphics processor or interface to any host controller as a graphics co-processor. Connect to almost any colour display that supports an 80-Series 16-bit wide CPU interface. All data and control signals are provided. RoHS compliant. Available in a 64 pin TQFP 10mm x 10mm package. All of the display built-in driver libraries implement and share the same high-level function interface. This allows your GUI application to be portable to different display controller types. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 4 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 3. Applications • • • • • • • • • • • • • • General purposes embedded graphics. Elevator control systems. Point of sale terminals. Electronic gauges and metres. Test and measurement and general-purpose instrumentation. Industrial control and Robotics. Automotive system displays. GPS navigation systems. Medical Instruments and applications. Home appliances and Smart Home Automation. Security and Access control systems. Gaming equipment. Aviation systems. HMI with touch panels. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 5 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 4. Pin Summary DIABLO16 PROCESSOR PIN OUT I/O Description Pin Symbol 1 AUDIO O 2 XR A 3 YU A 4 SD-SCK O 5 SD-SDI I 6 SD-SDO O 7 RESET I 8 SD-CS O 19 AVCC P 20 9, 25, 34, 41 10, 26, 38, 57 AGND GND VCC P P P Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Audio output. Connect this pin to a 2 stage low pass filter then into an audio amplifier. 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Right signal. Connect this pin to XR or X+ signal of the touch panel. 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Up signal. Connect this pin to YU or Y+ signal of the touch panel. SPI Serial Clock output. SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Clock (SCK) signal of the memory card. SPI Serial Data Input. SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Data Out (SDO) signal of the memory card. SPI Serial Data Output. SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Data In (SDI) signal of the memory card. Master Reset signal. Connect a 4.7K pull-up resistor from this pin to VCC. Active Low SD Memory-Card Chip Select. SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the Chip Enable (CS) signal of the memory card. Analog Positive Supply. Option 1: Connect to VCC via a 12ohm resistor, and with a 4.7uF Capacitor to AGND Option 2: Connect to VCC via an Inductor with has a resistance of less than 1ohm, and a capacity greater than 10mA, and a 4.7uF Capacitor to AGND. This option provides the best ADC noise rejection. Analog Ground. Connect this to GND. Device Ground. Device Positive Supply. I = Input, O = Output, P = Power, A = Analogue DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 6 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR DIABLO16 PROCESSOR PIN OUT (CONTINUED…) I/O Description Pin Symbol 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 27 28 29 30 31 32 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 PA12 PA13 I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O 33 TX0 O 36 37 39 40 PA15 PA14 CLK1 CLK2 I/O I/O I O 42 RX0 I 43 44 PA10 PA11 I/O I/O 45 AUDIOENB O 46 PA4 I/O 47 XL O 48 YD O 49 50 51 52 53 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8 PA9 I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O Display Data Bus bit 5. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 4. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 3. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 2. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 1. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 0. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 6. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 7. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 8. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 9. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 10. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 11. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 12. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 13. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 14. 3.3V Tolerant. Display Data Bus bit 15. 3.3V Tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. Dedicated Asynchronous Serial port Transmit pin, TX. Connect this pin to host micro-controller Serial Receive (RX) signal. The host receives data from DAIBLO16 via this pin. This outputs 3.3V level. Processor Programming Pin. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V tolerant. Special I2C Pin. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V tolerant. Special I2C Pin. Device Clock input 1 of a 12MHz crystal. Device Clock input 2 of a 12MHz crystal. Asynchronous Serial port Receive pin, RX. Connect this pin to host microcontroller Serial Transmit (TX) signal. The host transmits data to Diablo16 via this pin. This pin is 5.0V tolerant. Processor Programming Pin. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. Audio Enable. Connect this pin to amplifier control. LOW: Disable external Audio amplifier. HIGH: Enable external Audio amplifier. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Left signal. Connect this pin to XL or Xsignal of the touch panel. 4-Wire resistive touch screen bottom signal. Connect this pin to YD or Ysignal of the touch panel. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. General Purpose I/O. This pin is 3.3V Level - 5.0V tolerant. I = Input, O = Output, P = Power, A = Analogue DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 7 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR Diablo16 Processor Pin Out (continued…) I/O Description Pin Symbol 54 RES O 55 RS O 56 REF P 58 WR O 59 RD O 60 DCENB O 61 PA0 I/O/A 62 PA1 I/O/A 63 PA2 I/O/A 64 PA3 I/O/A Display RESET. Diablo16 initialises the display by strobing this pin LOW. Connect this pin to the Reset (RES) signal of the display. Display Register Select. LOW: Display index or status register is selected. HIGH: Display GRAM or register data is selected. Connect this pin to the Register Select (RS or A0 or C/D or similar naming convention) signal of the display. Internal voltage regulator filter capacitor pin. Connect a 4.7uF to 10uF capacitor from this pin to Ground. Position capacitor as close as possible. Display Write strobe signal. Diablo16 asserts this signal LOW when writing data to the display. Connect this pin to the Write (WR) signal of the display. Display Read strobe signal. Diablo16 asserts this signal LOW when reading data from the display. Connect this pin to the Read (RD) signal of the display. DC-DC high voltage enable signal. This maybe the high voltage that drives the LCD backlight or the OLED panel supply. High: Enable DC-DC converter. Low: Disable DC-DC converter. General Purpose I/O pin with Analog Capability. This pin is 3.3V tolerant, with a range of 0-3.3V when used as an Analog Input General Purpose I/O pin with Analog Capability. This pin is 3.3V tolerant, with a range of 0-3.3V when used as an Analog Input General Purpose I/O pin with Analog Capability. This pin is 3.3V tolerant, with a range of 0-3.3V when used as an Analog Input General Purpose I/O pin with Analog Capability. This pin is 3.3V tolerant, with a range of 0-3.3V when used as an Analog Input I = Input, O = Output, P = Power, A = Analogue Note: Please refer to Section 5 for more information about these pins. All pins are 3.3V Level. Some GPIO is 5.0V tolerant (PA4 – PA13). All analog pins are 3.3V tolerant, along with PA14-PA15. Serial Port 0 (TX0, RX0) are 3.3V level, but 5V tolerant. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 8 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5. Pin Description The DIABLO16 Processor provides both a hardware and a software interface. This section describes in detail the hardware interface pins of the device. 5.1. Display Interface The Diablo16 supports LCD and OLED displays with an 80-Series 16-bit wide CPU data interface. The connectivity to the display is easy and straight forward. The Diablo16 generates all of the necessary timing to drive the display. CS RS RD WR 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 X 0 1 0 1 X 1 0 1 0 X DCENB pin (External DC/DC Enable): DC-DC high voltage enable signal. This pin may drive the circuit which enables the high voltage that drives the LCD backlight or the OLED panel supply. WR pin (Display Write): This is the display write strobe signal. The Diablo16 asserts this signal LOW when writing data to the display in conjunction with the display data bus (D0D15). Connect this pin to the Write (WR) signal of the display. Item Write Low Pulse Write High Pulse Write Bus Cycle Total Write Data Setup Operation Read Display Status Register Write Display Index Register Read Display GRAM Data Write Register or GRAM Data No Operation Display Operation Table D0-D15 pins (Display Data Bus): The Display Data Bus (D0-D15) is a 16-bit bidirectional port and all display data writes and reads occur over this bus. Other control signals such as RW, RD and RS synchronise the data transfer to and from the display. Sym tWL tWH tWT tDS Min 50 50 100 25 Typ - Max - Unit ns ns ns ns RD pin (Display Read): This is the display read strobe signal. The Diablo16 asserts this signal LOW when reading data from the display in conjunction with the display data bus (D0D15). Connect this pin to the Read (RD) signal of the display. RS pin (Display Register Select): The RS signal determines whether a register command or data is sent to the display. LOW: Display index or status register is selected. HIGH: Display GRAM or register data is selected. Connect this pin to the Register Select (RS) signal of the display. Different displays utilise various naming conventions such as RS, A0, C/D or similar. Be sure to check with your display manufacturer for the correct name and function. RES pin (Display Reset): Display RESET. Diablo16 initialises the display by strobing this pin LOW. Connect this pin to the Reset (RES) signal of the display. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Item Read Low Pulse Read High Pulse Read Bus Cycle Total Read Data Hold Page 9 of 35 Sym tRL tRH tRT tDH Min 150 150 300 75 Typ - Max - Unit ns ns ns ns www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.2. SPI Interface – Memory Card 5.3. Serial Ports – TTL Level Serial The Diablo16 supports SD, micro-SD and MMC memory cards via its dedicated hardware SPI interface. The Diablo16 has 4 SPI channels, and the first is dedicated for this. The memory card is used for all multimedia file retrieval such as images, animations and movie clips, and the SPI interface is dedicated for this purpose only. The memory card can also be used as general purpose storage for data logging applications (RAW and FAT16 format support). Support is available for micro-SD with up to 2GB capacity and for high capacity HC memory cards starting from 4GB and above. The Diablo16 Processor has three hardware asynchronous serial ports that can be configured on a variety of the processors GPIO pins. TX/RX0 is dedicated and is fixed on to pins 33 (TX0) and 43 (RX0). All of the Diablo16’s serial ports can be used to communicate with external serial devices. TX/RX0 are referred to as COM0 and is the only one used for programming the Diablo16 itself. The primary features are: • • • • SDI pin (SPI Serial Data In): The SPI Serial Data Input (SDI). SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Data Out (SDO) signal of the memory card. Full-Duplex 8-bit data transmission and reception. Data format: 8 bits, No Parity, 1 Stop bit. Independent Baud rates from 300 baud up to 2M Baud (Refer to the Internal Functions Manual for details). Single byte transmits and receives or a fully buffered service. The buffered service feature runs in the background capturing and buffering serial data without the user application having to constantly poll any of the serial ports. This frees up the application to service other tasks. SDO pin (SPI Serial Data Out): The SPI Serial Data Output (SDI). SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Data In (SDI) signal of the memory card. SCK pin (SPI Serial Clock): The SPI Serial Clock output (SCK). SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the SPI Serial Clock (SCK) signal of the memory card. SDCS pin (SD Memory Card Chip Select): SD Memory-Card Chip Select (SDCS). SD memory card use only. Connect this pin to the Chip Enable (CS) signal of the memory card. DIABLO16 DATASHEET A single byte serial transmission consists of the start bit, 8-bits of data followed by the stop bit. The start bit is always 0, while a stop bit is always 1. The LSB (Least Significant Bit, Bit 0) is sent out first following the start bit. Figure below shows a single byte transmission timing diagram. Page 10 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR COM0 is also the primary interface for 4DGL user program downloads and chip configuration PmmC programming. Once the compiled 4DGL application program (EVE byte-code) is downloaded and the user code starts executing, the serial port is then available to the user application. Refer to Section 8 for more details on PmmC/Firmware programming. TX0 pin (Serial Transmit COM0): Dedicated Asynchronous Serial port COM0 transmit pin, TX0. Connect this pin to external serial device receive (Rx) signal. This pin is 5.0V tolerant but have 3.3V output level. RX0 pin (Serial Receive COM0): Dedicated Asynchronous Serial port COM0 receive pin, RX0. Connect this pin to external serial device transmit (Tx) signal. This pin is 5.0V tolerant. TX1 pin (Serial Transmit COM1): Asynchronous Serial port COM1 transmit pin, TX1. Connect this pin to external serial device receive (Rx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. RX1 pin (Serial Receive COM1): Asynchronous Serial port COM1 receive pin, RX1. Connect this pin to external serial device transmit (Tx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. TX2 pin (Serial Transmit COM2): Asynchronous Serial port COM2 transmit pin, TX2. Connect this pin to external serial device receive (Rx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. RX2 pin (Serial Receive COM2): Asynchronous Serial port COM2 receive pin, RX2. Connect this pin to external serial device transmit (Tx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. TX3 pin (Serial Transmit COM3): Asynchronous Serial port COM3 transmit pin, TX3. Connect this pin to external serial device receive (Rx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. RX3 pin (Serial Receive COM3): Asynchronous Serial port COM3 receive pin, RX3. Connect this pin to external serial device transmit (Tx) signal. This can be configured to one of the GPIO pins, see table on the right. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Diablo16 Serial TTL Comm Port Configuration Options TX1 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8 PA9 PA10 PA11 PA12 PA13 PA14 PA15 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ RX1 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TX2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ RX2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TX3 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ RX3 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Note: Pins PA0-PA3, PA14, PA15 are 3.3V tolerant only. Pins PA4-PA13 are 5.0V tolerant but have 3.3V output level. Please refer to the Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions document for information on how to set the Diablo16 pin mappings. 5.4. Audio Interface The audio support in the Diablo16 Processor makes it better than its peers in the Graphics processor range. PWM ensures better sound quality with a volume range of 8 to 127. A simple instruction empowers the user to execute the audio files. Audio operation can be carried out simultaneously with the execution of other necessary instructions. For a complete list of audio commands please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions. AUDIO pin (Audio PWM output): External Amplifier Output pin. This pin provides a 16bit DAC/PWM audio output to use with an external audio amplifier. If unused, then this pin must be left open or floating. AUDENB pin (Audio Enable output): External Amplifier enable pin. This pin provides ON/OFF amplifier control. If unused, then this pin must be left open or floating. LOW: Disable external Audio amplifier. HIGH: Enable external Audio amplifier. Page 11 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.5. Touch Screen Interface 5.6. GPIO – General Purpose IO The Diablo16 supports 4-Wire resistive touch panels. The diagram below shows a simplified interface between the Diablo16 and a touch panel. There are 16 general purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins available to the user. These provide flexibility of individual bit operations along with serving collectively for byte wise operations using the BUS functions. YD pin (Touch Panel Y-Drive output): 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Y Drive signal. Connect this pin to YD or Y- signal of the touch panel. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ANALOG READ BUS WRITE YU pin (Touch Panel Y-Read input): 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Y-Read analog signal. Connect this pin to YU or Y+ signal of the touch panel. BUS READ XL pin (Touch Panel X-Drive output): 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen X Drive signal. Connect this pin to XL or X- signal of the touch panel. DIGITAL OUTPUT XR pin (Touch Panel X-Read input): 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen X-Read analog signal. Connect this pin to XR or X+ signal of the touch panel. PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8 PA9 PA10 PA11 PA12 PA13 PA14 PA15 DIGITAL INPUT Diablo16 Alternate Pin Configurations General Purpose I/O ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information. PA0-PA3: General purpose I/O pins or can serve as Analog Input pins. Each pin can be individually set for INPUT or OUTPUT or ANALOG. Power-Up Reset default is all INPUTS. These pins are 3.3V tolerant. Digital GPIO can source/sink 10mA. For more information see Chapter 16, ‘Specifications and Ratings’. When set as Analog Inputs, the pins have a 0 to 3.3V range and have 12-bit resolution. For more information, see Section 5.15 Analog Inputs DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 12 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR PA4-PA13: General purpose I/O pins. Each pin can be individually set for INPUT or OUTPUT. Power-Up Reset default is all INPUTS. When set as Digital Inputs, the pins are 5V tolerant. Digital GPIO can source/sink 10mA. For more information see Section 16 Specifications and Ratings. PA14-PA15: General purpose I/O pins. Each pin can be individually set for INPUT or OUTPUT. Power-Up Reset default is all INPUTS. When set as Digital Inputs, the pins are 3.3V tolerant only. Digital GPIO can source/sink 10mA. For more information see Section 16 Specifications and Ratings 5.7. System Pins VCC pins (Device Supply Voltage): Device supply voltage pins. These pins must be connected to a regulated supply voltage in the range of 3.0 Volts to 3.6 Volts DC. Nominal operating voltage is 3.3 Volts. GND pins (Device Ground): Device ground pins. These pins must be connected to system ground. CLK1, CLK2 pins (Device Oscillator Inputs): CLK1 and CLK2 are the device oscillator pins. Connect a 12MHz AT strip cut crystal with 22pF capacitors from each pin to GND as shown in the diagram below. AVCC pin (Analog Supply Voltage): This is the analog supply voltage pin. Option 1: This pin should be connected to VCC via a 12-ohm resistor, and also have a 4.7uF capacitor to AGND. Option 2: Connect to VCC via an Inductor with has a resistance of less than 1ohm and a capacity greater than 10mA, along with a 4.7uF Capacitor to AGND. This option provides the best ADC noise rejection. This is NOT an analog reference. AGND pin (Analog Ground): This is the analog ground pin. This pin should be connected directly to GND RESET pin (Device Master Reset): Device Master Reset pin. An active low pulse of greater than 2 micro-seconds will reset the device. Connect a resistor (1K to 10K, nominal 4.7K) from this pin to VCC. Only use open collector type circuits to reset the device if an external reset is required. This pin is not driven low by any internal conditions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 13 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.8. Alternate Pin Functions Most of the GPIO pins have an alternate function other than being for General Purpose I/O. GPIO pins can be configured to be SPI, I2C, Serial or a range of other functions. The Alternate pin functions have been broken up into a few tables for simplification. There are communication-based functions, and I/O supportbased functions. Further information is available in the next sections for each of the alternative pin functions. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ QUADRATURE IN ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PIN COUNTER PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8 PA9 PA10 PA11 PA12 PA13 PA14 PA15 PWM OUT PULSE OUT ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8 PA9 PA10 PA11 PA12 PA13 PA14 PA15 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SPI3 SCK SPI3 SDI SPI3 SDO Diablo16 Alternate Pin Configurations I/O Support Functions SPI2 SCK Diablo16 Alternate Pin Configurations SPI Communications SPI2 SDI The following table illustrates which of the GPIO can be used for the four different I/O Support Functions. SPI2 SDO The following table illustrates which of the GPIO can be used for the three different SPI channels available. SPI1 SCK Please refer to the following tables which illustrate which pins can be associated alternative functions. SPI1 SDI Note: Quadrature In requires 2 Pins SPI1 SDO Note: Not all pins however can be configured to be any of the alternate pin functions. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ MOSI/MISO vs SDO/SDI naming conventions. MOSI and MISO naming is used on many devices, where MOSI is MasterOutSlaveIn and MISO is MasterInSlaveOut. SDI/SDO is also used on many devices and means SerialDataIn and SerialDataOut. Unlike MISO/MOSI conventions though, SDI/SDO is from the perspective of the device itself. This table will hopefully bring clarity about how they connect together. Note: Once a pin is allocated to an alternate function, another pin cannot also be allocated to the same alternate function. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to set the alternate pin configurations. Diablo16 SDI (MISO) SDO (MOSI) Direction  → Device SDO (MISO) SDI (MOSI) MOSI connects to MOSI, and MISO connects to MISO, however SDI connects to SDO, and SDO connects to SDI. Take note so you connect your devices together correctly. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 14 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR The following table illustrates which of the GPIO can be used for the three different I2C channels available. I2C3 SCL I2C3 SDA I2C2 SCL I2C2 SDA I2C1 SCL I2C1 SDA Diablo16 Alternate Pin Configurations I2C Communications PA0 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA1 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA3 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA4 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA5 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA6 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA7 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA8 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA9 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA10 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA11 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA12 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ PA13 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SPECIAL SPECIAL SPECIAL PA14 SPECIAL SPECIAL PA15 SPECIAL SPECIAL – please see Section 5.10 5.9. SPI There are 3 user configurable SPI channels available for mapping to GPIO, for use by the user for the target application. All 3 SPI channels are Master only and cannot be configured to be slaves at this time. The SPI Bus speed is configurable using the SPIx_Init() Function in 4DGL, and allows various speeds from 78.125Khz to 17.5Mhz. Please refer to the table on the previous page for details on which GPIO can be configured for SPI. Note: The additional SPI channel (SPI0) is dedicated to memory cards and cannot be reconfigured for alternate uses. To map an SPI channel to a set of GPIO pins, the following 4DGL functions are used: SPIx_SCK_pin(pin); // Map the SCK pin SPIx_SDI_pin(pin); // Map the SDI pin SPIx_SDO_pin(pin); // Map the SDO pin Where ‘SPIx’ is substituted with SPI1, SPI2 or SPI3 accordingly, and ‘pin’ is the target GPIO pin compatible with that particular pin function. Chip Select for use with SPI can be any other unused GPIO pin, configured as a Digital Output. The lowering and raising of the selected CS (GPIO) pin is done manually by the user is the 4DGL application. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates SPI being configured on GPIO PA4, PA6 and PA7, with user GPIO PA5 being used for the CS, and connections are to an external SPI Flash Chip. Note: This example is an illustration of SPI connection to the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the SPI functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 15 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.10. I2C 5.11. Pulse Out There are 3 user configurable I2C channels available for mapping to GPIO, for use by the user for the target application. All 3 I2C channels are Master only and cannot be configured to be slaves at this time. Pulse Out is used to create a single pulse of set duration on the selected pin of choice, which is inverted in polarity to the current state of the pin. Please refer to the table on the previous page for details on which GPIO can be configured for I2C. To map an I2C Channel to a set of GPIO pins, the following 4DGL function is used: This ‘inversion of polarity’ means if a Pin is currently held HI, and Pulse Out is executed on that Pin, the pin will pulse LO and then return to HI. Same with vice versa, if currently LO and Pulse Out is executed on that Pin, it will pulse HI and then return to LO. This is available in both blocking and non-blocking versions. I2Cx_Open(Speed, SCLpin, SDApin); Where ‘I2Cx’ is substituted with I2C1, I2C2 or I2C3 accordingly, ‘Speed’ is the desired I2C Bus speed, and ‘SCLpin’ and ‘SDApin’ are the target GPIO pins compatible with that particular pin function. Note: The normal I2C pins are PA0 to PA13, however use of these pins has a few limitations. a) There is no slew rate control at I2C_MED b) I2C_FAST is not truly 1MHz. If either of these restrictions need to be addressed, a special case of SCLpin = PA14 and SDApin = PA15 exists ONLY for speeds I2C_MED (which uses slew rate control) and I2C_FAST (which is truly 1MHz) Please refer to the table on the previous page for details on which GPIO can be configured to this. Note: Each Pulse Out request needs at least a 1ms lead time due to the scheduling of the event with the internal 1ms timer. To enable the Pulse Out function on a GPIO pin, the following 4DGL functions are used: pin_Pulseout(pin, value); pin_PulseoutB(pin, value); Example Connection Diagram This illustrates I2C being configured on GPIO PA8 and PA9, and connections are to an external I 2C Analog Input ADC. Note: This example is an illustration of I2C connection to the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. //Non-Blocking //Blocking Where ‘pin’ is the target GPIO pin compatible with that particular pin function, and ‘value’ is the length of the pulse in milliseconds. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates Pulse Out being configured on GPIO PA0 and is used to open an external relay via a transistor, for an application such as opening a door lock for a set duration. Note: This example is an illustration of a PulseOut connection from the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the I2C functions. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the Pulse Out functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 16 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.12. PWM Out 5.13. Pin Counter There are 6 PWM channels available to be configured by the user, with 4 time bases available for selection. There are 6 Pin Counter channels available to be configured by the user, used to count incoming pulses with the ability to call a user function on overflow. The Pin Counter function is available for use in a variety of modes. The PWM can be configured to be used in Servo Mode, or Simple Mode. Servo Mode allows a millisecond input value with 0.01ms resolution, which runs at a frequency of approximately 50Hz or 50pps (20ms). The position of the servo is determined by the width of the pulse. Generally, 1.5ms is 90 degrees, 1ms being 0 degrees and 2ms being 180 degrees. Servos however vary, and the Diablo16 PWM control can be adjusted to suit most applications. Simple Mode allows a percentage input value with resolution of 0.1%, which runs at a frequency of approximately 70Hz. To enable the PWM output on a GPIO pin, the following 4DGL function is used: The counters can be read and written at any time. Please refer to the table in Section 5.8 Alternate Pin Functions for details on which GPIO can be configured for this. To enable the Pin Counter function on a GPIO pin, the following 4DGL function is used: pin_Counter(pin, mode, OVFfunction); Where ‘pin’ is the GPIO pin compatible with this particular function, ‘mode’ is the type of trigger used to count on such as Rising/Falling/Edge, and ‘OVFfunction’ is the user function to call when the counter overflows, if desired. PWM_Init(pin, mode, value); Where ‘pin’ is the GPIO compatible with the particular pin function, ‘mode’ is the type of PWM to generate, and ‘value’ is the parameter which defined the PWM pulse itself. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates PWM Out being configured on GPIO PA4 and is used to open an external relay via a transistor, for an application such as dimming a lamp. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates Pin Counter being configured on GPIO PA8 and is used to count pulses coming from a rotation sensor for example. Note: This example is an illustration of a PWM connection from the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. Note: This example is an illustration of I2C connection to the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the Pin Counter functions. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the PWM functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 17 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 5.14. Quadrature In 5.15. Analog Inputs There are two Quadrature Input channels available on the Diablo16 processor, which requires 2 GPIO pins each. Please refer to the table in Section 5.6 for details on which GPIO can be configured to be analog inputs. Please refer to the table on the previous page for details on which GPIO can be configured for Quadrature Input. Quadrature Input allows a quadrature encoder to be connected, and the position counter and delta counter can be read at any time. To enable the Quadrature Input function on a set of GPIO pins (2 pins required), the following 4DGL function is used: Qencoderx(PHApin, PHBpin, mode); The analog inputs on the Diablo16 have a range of 0 to 3.3V, each with a max resolution of 12-bits. The analog inputs can be read using three modes, standard mode, averaged mode or high-speed mode. Standard Mode results in a sample being immediately read. Standard Mode can read over 15000 values per second. Operates at 12-bit. Averaged Mode results in a 16 sample being immediately read and their average returned. Averaged Mode can read approximately 3000 values per second. Operates at 12-bit. Where ‘Qencoderx’ is substituted for Quencoder1 or Quencoder2 accordingly, ‘PHApin’ is the pin connected to the A Phase of the Encoder, ‘PHBpin’ is the pin connected to the B Phase of the Encoder, and ‘mode’ is not currently used so is to be set to zero (0). Highspeed Mode collects a user specified number of samples at a user specified rate/frequency and can execute a user function when complete. The updated value updates approximately 250000 times across 1-4 channels. Operates at 10-bit. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates Quadrature input being configured on GPIO PA2 and PA3 and is used to read pulses from a quadrature encoder. Note: The various analog modes can interfere with the operation of the touch screen if their functions are called too frequently. It is recommended to limit the calls of the analog functions to a maximum of once every millisecond. Please refer to the Internal Functions documentation for further information on this topic. Not relevant if an external touch IC (or no touch) is used. Note: This example is an illustration of a quadrature input connection to the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. To enable a GPIO to be used as an Analog Input for Standard or Averaged modes, the following 4DGL function is used to set the pin: pin_Set(mode, pin); Where ‘mode’ is the desired mode defined above, either Standard or Averaged, and ‘pin’ is the GPIO compatible with this function which is to become an Analog Input. Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to use the Quadrature Input functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 18 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR For highspeed mode, the following 4DGL function is used to set the pin and define the parameters: ana_HS(rate, samples, 1buf, 2buf, 3buf, 4buf, func); 6. Diablo16 Architecture The figure below illustrates the Diablo16 Processor’s architecture. Where ‘rate’ is the number of samples per second, ‘samples’ is the number of samples to collect per channel, ‘1buf’ → ‘4buf’ are the buffer addresses for the 4 channels, and ‘func’ is the user function to call when the number of samples specified have been collected. Example Connection Diagram This illustrates an analog input being configured on GPIO PA1 and is used to read an analog temperature from a temperature sensor. Note: This example is an illustration of an analog input connection to the Diablo16 processor. It is not the complete circuit nor illustrates best practice. Diablo16 is a high-level graphics processor which runs the high level 4DGL (4D Graphics Language). Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on the Analog Input functions. It is not a conventional microcontroller with conventional microcontroller architecture, it is a custom graphics processor and therefore low-level access to the chip is not required nor available to the User. 4DGL provides high level functions for the User and does all the low-level work in the background in a highly optimised fashion. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 19 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 6.1. Flash Storage & RAM Allocation 6.2. PmmC / PmmC Loader The figure below illustrates how the FLASH and RAM are allocated in the System, and what is available for use by the system and by the user. Each area is explained in the sections following. PmmC (Personality Module Micro-Code) - this is the operating system, incorporating the EVE runtime (Extensible Virtual Engine) which has an extensive byte-code instruction set programmed via the Workshop4 Software IDE. The PmmC Loader can be thought of like a bootloader and allows the transfer of a PmmC from the Users’ PC into the System Flash storage on the Diablo16 processor. Within the PmmC are over 450 built in functions for graphics, sound, math functions etc, no need to include libraries, or wait for hefty compile times – it’s all built in. The PmmC is in protected memory and cannot be read or damaged by inadvertent writes to illegal FLASH areas. The PmmC may be upgraded at any time without disturbing any programs that may already exist in the 6 FLASH banks. 6.3. Display Driver Loading of the PmmC, Display Driver and User Applications into their various places on the Diablo16 processor, is achieved using the Workshop4 IDE. If a script for batch loading of the PmmC, Display Driver and/or User Applications without the use of the Workshop4 is required, there is a script utility available. Please refer to the Application Notes section of the 4D Labs website for information on this process. The Diablo16 is capable of interfacing with many different types of display devices. The Diablo16 has been designed for the maximum flexibility possible and therefore the Display Driver is modular, and replaceable, and separate from the PmmC. The Display Driver may be upgraded at any time without disturbing any applications or data which may exist in the 6 FLASH banks, or the PmmC. Loading the PmmC and/or Display Driver is achieved using our PmmC Loader tool or using the ScriptC command line tool. Note: IMPORTANT!!! If you are wanting to use Diablo16 in a display, please contact the 4D Labs Tech Support or Sales departments, to discuss your requirements. Drivers can ONLY be created by 4D Labs, and depending on the display you have selected and the Driver IC it uses, will determine how difficult the process is. Please make contact with us BEFORE you start. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 20 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 6.4. User Flash Memory Banks formats the processor. Erasing of a bank is achieved in 4DGL using the flash_EraseBank() function. The Diablo16 processor has 6 banks (Bank0 to Bank5) of Flash memory which can be utilised by the user to store application code or data, to be used by the display or stored for sending to an external device over comms. Note: The flash_EraseBank() function should be used with caution as it will permanently erase any applications and/or data stored on that bank. Each of the 6 banks is 32750 bytes in size, which provides over 12x the Flash capacity of the Picaso processor. When a user’s application is written to the Flash of the Diablo16 from the Workshop4 IDE Software, the user is able to choose the destination bank for the application to be stored in. Bank0 is always the bank which is loaded on start-up of the Diablo16. The bank0 application can then transfer control over to one of the other banks, and the application stored in there will then run. This is achieved using the 4DGL flash_Run() function. Applications can freely change banks as required using this function, however a separate application (or Data) is required to reside in each bank, a single application cannot take up more than 1 bank itself. When an application from another bank is run using the flash_Run() function, the processor is restarted and the execution from the other bank is started. An application in one bank can store data in another bank using 4DGL commands such as: flash_Copy() flash_WriteBlock() An application in one bank can store applications from microSD card and writing them to a bank for future execution using the 4DGL function flash_LoadFile() Please refer to the separate document titled Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions for more information on how to read/write/erase/access and change between FLASH banks. 6.5. RAM (Both System and User) The Diablo16 processor has two banks of RAM, one is 32KB of User RAM, and the other is a much smaller bank of System RAM which is only usable by the system, for its internal processes. The System RAM is reserved for the system and is not accessible by the user. It is used for processes such as Audio Buffer, Intermediate File Buffers, Graphics Rendering, etc. This RAM ensures the users RAM is not taken by the system. No matter what options are enabled by the system, or by the user to influence the system (such as the size of the audio buffer), the system will never run out of RAM and try to encroach into the users RAM space. The Diablo16’s 32768 (32KB) of User RAM is used to store variables and for user applications, sub programs etc. Sub programs and Functions stored in RAM can be released when no longer required, freeing the memory for the user. The user has full access to this 32KB of User RAM, and all internal processes of the Diablo16 utilise only the separate System RAM. An application in one bank can read data stored in another bank, such as graphics or strings stored there, and retrieve them and display them as required. Reading of data from another bank is achieved using 4DGL functions such as: flash_GetByte() flash_GetWord() flash_putstr() flash_Blit2() flash_Blit4() flash_Blit8() flash_Blit16() An application in a bank can erase other banks if required and can also erase itself which essentially DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 21 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 7. 4DGL – Software Language 8. In Circuit Serial Programming The Diablo16 processor belongs to a family of processors powered by a highly optimised soft-core virtual engine, EVE (Extensible Virtual Engine). The Diablo16 processor is a custom graphics processor. All functionality including the high level commands are built into the chip. This chip level configuration is available as a PmmC (Personalitymodule-micro-Code) file, which can be likened to traditional Firmware. There is also a Display Driver file, which separates specific display settings from the PmmC, unlike on the Picaso processor where everything is combined. EVE is a proprietary, high performance virtualmachine with an extensive byte-code instruction set optimised to execute compiled 4DGL programs. 4DGL (4D Graphics Language) was specifically developed from ground up for the EVE engine core. It is a highlevel language which is easy to learn and simple to understand yet powerful enough to tackle many embedded graphics applications. 4DGL is a graphics oriented language allowing rapid application development, and the syntax structure was designed using elements of popular languages such as C, Basic, Pascal and others. Programmers familiar with these languages will feel right at home with 4DGL. It includes many familiar instructions such as IF..ELSE..ENDIF, WHILE..WEND, REPEAT..UNTIL, GOSUB..ENDSUB, GOTO, PRINT as well as some specialised instructions SERIN, SEROUT, GFX_LINE, GFX_CIRCLE and many more. For detailed information pertaining to the 4DGL language, please refer to the following documents: 4DGL Programmer’s Reference Manual Diablo16 4DGL Internal Functions To assist with the development of 4DGL applications, the Workshop4 IDE combines a full-featured editor, a compiler, a linker and a downloader into a single PCbased application. It's all you need to code, test and run your applications. A PmmC file contains all of the low level micro-code information (analogy of that of a soft silicon) which define the characteristics and functionality of the device. The ability of programming the device with a PmmC file provides an extremely flexible method of customising as well as upgrading it with future enhancements. The Display Driver contains the initialisation and parameters associated with the particular display that is to be connected to the Diablo16 processor. The PmmC file and Display Driver file can only be programmed into the device via the COM0 serial port and an access to this must be provided for on the target application board. This is referred to as In Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). The PmmC file and Display Driver file are programmed into the device with the aid of Workshop4, the 4D Labs IDE software (See Section 12). To provide a link between the PC and the ICSP interface, a specific 4D Programming Cable or Adaptor is required and is available from 4D Systems. Using a non-4D programming interface could damage your processor, and void your warranty. Note: The Diablo16 processor is shipped blank and it must be programmed with both the PmmC configuration and Display Driver files. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 22 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 9. System Registers Memory Map The following tables outline in detail the Diablo16 system registers and flags. Diablo16 System Registers and Flags LABEL ADDRESS DEC HEX USAGE RANDOM_LO 32 0x20 random number generator LO word RANDOM_HI 33 0x21 random number generator HI word SYSTEM_TIMER_LO 34 0x22 1msec 32 bit free running timer LO word SYSTEM_TIMER_HI 35 0x23 1msec 32 bit free running timer HI word TIMER0 36 0x24 1msec user timer 0 TIMER1 37 0x25 1msec user timer 1 TIMER2 38 0x26 1msec user timer 2 TIMER3 39 0x27 1msec user timer 3 TIMER4 40 0x28 1msec user timer 4 TIMER5 41 0x29 1msec user timer 5 TIMER6 42 0x2A 1msec user timer 6 TIMER7 43 0x2B 1msec user timer 7 SYS_X_MAX 44 0x2C display hardware X res-1 SYS_Y_MAX 45 0x2D display hardware Y res-1 GFX_XMAX 46 0x2E current display width-1 determined by portrait / landscape swapping GFX_YMAX 47 0x2F current display height-1 determined by portrait / landscape swapping GFX_LEFT 48 0x30 virtual left point for most recent object GFX_TOP 49 0x31 virtual top point for most recent object GFX_RIGHT 50 0x32 virtual right point for most recent object GFX_BOTTOM 51 0x33 virtual bottom point for most recent object GFX_X1 52 0x34 clipped left point for current object GFX_Y1 53 0x35 clipped top point for current object GFX_X2 54 0x36 clipped right point for current object GFX_Y2 55 0x37 clipped bottom point for current object GFX_X_ORG 56 0x38 current X origin GFX_Y_ORG 57 0x39 current Y origin GFX_THUMB_PERCENT 75 0x4B size of slider thumb as percentage GFX_THUMB_BORDER_DARK 76 0x4C darker shadow of thumb GFX_THUMB_BORDER_LIGHT 77 0x4D lighter shadow of thumb TOUCH_XMINCAL 78 0x4E touch calibration value TOUCH_YMINCAL 79 0x4F touch calibration value TOUCH_XMAXCAL 80 0x50 touch calibration value TOUCH_YMAXCAL 81 0x51 touch calibration value IMG_WIDTH 82 0x52 width of currently loaded image IMG_HEIGHT 83 0x53 height of currently loaded image IMG_FRAME_DELAY 84 0x54 if image, else inter frame delay for movie IMG_FLAGS 85 0x55 bit 4 determines colour mode, other bits reserved IMG_FRAME_COUNT 86 0x56 count of frames in a movie IMG_PIXEL_COUNT_LO 87 0x57 count of pixels in the current frame IMG_PIXEL_COUNT_HI 88 0x58 count of pixels in the current frame IMG_CURRENT_FRAME 89 0x59 last frame shown MEDIA_ADDRESS_LO 90 0x5A micro-SD byte address LO MEDIA_ADDRESS_HI 91 0x5B micro-SD byte address HI MEDIA_SECTOR_LO 92 0x5C micro-SD sector address LO NOTE: These registers are accessible with peekW and pokeW functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 23 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR Diablo16 System Registers and Flags (continued…) LABEL ADDRESS DEC HEX USAGE MEDIA_SECTOR_HI 93 0x5D micro-SD sector address HI MEDIA_SECTOR_COUNT 94 0x5E micro-SD number of bytes remaining in sector TEXT_XPOS 95 0x5F text current x pixel position TEXT_YPOS 96 0x60 text current y pixel position TEXT_MARGIN 97 0x61 text left pixel pos for carriage return TXT_FONT_ID 98 0x62 font type, 0 = system font, else pointer to user font TXT_FONT_MAX 99 0x63 max number of chars in font TXT_FONT_OFFSET 100 0x64 starting offset (normally 0x20) TXT_FONT_WIDTH 101 0x65 current font width TXT_FONT_HEIGHT 102 0x66 current font height GFX_TOUCH_REGION_X1 103 0x67 touch capture region GFX_TOUCH_REGION_Y1 104 0x68 touch capture region GFX_TOUCH_REGION_X2 105 0x69 touch capture region GFX_TOUCH_REGION_Y2 106 0x6A touch capture region GFX_CLIP_LEFT_VAL 107 0x6B left clipping point (set with gfx_ClipWindow(...) GFX_CLIP_TOP_VAL 108 0x6C top clipping point (set with gfx_ClipWindow(...) GFX_CLIP_RIGHT_VAL 109 0x6D right clipping point (set with gfx_ClipWindow(...) GFX_CLIP_BOTTOM_VAL 110 0x6E bottom clipping point (set with gfx_ClipWindow(...) GFX_CLIP_LEFT 111 0x6F current clip value (reads full size if clipping turned off) GFX_CLIP_TOP 112 0x70 current clip value (reads full size if clipping turned off) GFX_CLIP_RIGHT 113 0x71 current clip value (reads full size if clipping turned off) GFX_CLIP_BOTTOM 114 0x72 current clip value (reads full size if clipping turned off) GRAM_PIXEL_COUNT_LO 115 0x73 LO word of count of pixels in the set GRAM area GRAM_PIXEL_COUNT_HI 116 0x74 HI word of count of pixels in the set GRAM area TOUCH_RAW_X 117 0x75 12 bit raw A2D X value from touch screen TOUCH_RAW_Y 118 0x76 12 bit raw A2D Y value from touch screen GFX_LAST_CHAR_WIDTH 119 0x77 calculated char width from last call to charWidth function GFX_LAST_CHAR_HEIGHT 120 0x78 calculated height from last call to charHeight function GFX_LAST_STR_WIDTH 121 0x79 calculated width from last call to strWidth function GFX_LAST_STR_HEIGHT 122 0x7A calculated height from last call to strHeight function PIN_COUNTER_PA4 123 0x7B pin counter for PA4 PIN_COUNTER_PA5 124 0x7C pin counter for PA5 PIN_COUNTER_PA6 125 0x7D pin counter for PA6 PIN_COUNTER_PA7 126 0x7E pin counter for PA7 PIN_COUNTER_PA8 127 0x7F pin counter for PA8 PIN_COUNTER_PA9 128 0x80 pin counter for PA9 PIN_EVENT_PA4 129 0x81 pin counter rollover event for PA4 PIN_EVENT_PA5 130 0x82 pin counter rollover event for PA5 PIN_EVENT_PA6 131 0x83 pin counter rollover event for PA6 PIN_EVENT_PA7 132 0x84 pin counter rollover event for PA7 PIN_EVENT_PA8 133 0x85 pin counter rollover event for PA8 PIN_EVENT_PA9 134 0x86 pin counter rollover event for PA9 QEN1_COUNTER_LO 135 0x87 quadrature encoder #1 counter LO QEN1_COUNTER_HI 136 0x88 quadrature encoder #1 counter HI QEN1_DELTA 137 0x89 quadrature encoder #1 delta count QEN2_COUNTER_LO 138 0x8A quadrature encoder #2 counter LO QEN2_COUNTER_HI 139 0x8B quadrature encoder #2 counter HI QEN2_DELTA 140 0x8C quadrature encoder #2 delta count FALSE_REASON 141 0x8D explanation 'false' results, currently only for flash_ functions NOTE: These registers are accessible with peekW and pokeW functions. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 24 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 10. Memory Cards – FAT16 11. Hardware Tools The Diablo16 Processor uses off the shelf standard SDHC/SD/micro-SD memory cards with up to 4GB capacity usable with FAT16 formatting. For any FAT file related operations, before the memory card can be used it must first be formatted with FAT16 option. The formatting of the card can be done on any PC system with a card reader. Select the appropriate drive and choose the FAT16 (or just FAT in some systems) option when formatting. The card is now ready to be used in the Diablo16 based application. The following hardware tools are required for full control of the Diablo16 Processor. Diablo16 Processor also supports high capacity HC memory cards (4GB and above). The available capacity of SD-HC cards varies according to the way the card is partitioned and the commands used to access it. The FAT partition is always first (if it exists) and can be up to the maximum size permitted by FAT16. Windows 7 will format FAT16 up to 4GB. Windows XP will format FAT16 up to 2GB and the Windows XP command prompt will format FAT16 up to 4GB. 11.1. 4D Programming Adaptors The 4D Programming Cable, uUSB-PA5-II and 4D-UPA Programming Adaptors are essential hardware tools to program, customise and test the Diablo16 Processor. Note: Any of the 4D Programming Cable, uUSB-PA5-II or 4D-UPA Programming Adaptor can be used, along with previous generation 4D programmers too. The 4D programming interfaces are used to program a new Firmware/PmmC, Display Driver and for downloading compiled 4DGL code into the processor. They even serve as an interface for communicating serial data to the PC. The 4D Programming Cable, uUSB-PA5 and gen4-PA Programming Adaptor are available from 4D Systems, www.4dsystems.com.au Using a non-4D programming interface could damage your processor, and void your Warranty. RMPET, a 4D Labs tool found in the Workshop4 IDE, is capable of repartitioning and formatting microSD cards to be the appropriate type and format. This should be used for all cards. 4D Programming Cable Note: A SPI Compatible SDHC/SD/micro-SD card MUST be used. Diablo16 along with other 4D Labs Processors require SPI mode to communicate with the SD card. If a non-SPI compatible SD card is used then the processor will simply not be able to mount the card. uUSB-PA5-II Programming Adaptor 4D-UPA Programming Adaptor DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 25 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 11.2. Evaluation Display Modules 12. 4D Labs – Workshop4 IDE 4D Systems has a number of modules available which can be used for evaluation purposes or equally as final products, to discover what the Diablo16 processor has to offer. Workshop4 is a comprehensive software IDE that provides an integrated software development platform for all of the 4D family of processors and modules. The IDE combines the Editor, Compiler, Linker and Downloader to develop complete 4DGL application code. All user application code is developed within the Workshop4 IDE. gen4-uLCD-70DT – 7.0” Resistive Touch Diablo16 Intelligent Display Module The Workshop4 IDE supports multiple development environments for the user, to cater for different user requirements and skill level. • • gen4-uLCD-43DT – 4.3” Resistive Touch Diablo16 Intelligent Display Module • The Designer environment enables the user to write 4DGL code in its natural form to program the 4D processor of choice. A visual programming experience, suitably called ViSi, enables drag-and-drop type placement of objects to assist with 4DGL code generation and allows the user to visualise how the display will look while being developed. An advanced environment called ViSi-Genie doesn’t require any 4DGL coding at all, it is all done automatically for you. Simply lay the display out with the objects you want, set the events to drive them and the code is written for you automatically. ViSi-Genie provides the latest rapid development experience from 4D Labs. The Workshop4 IDE is available from the 4D Labs website. www.4dlabs.com.au gen4-uLCD-35DT – 3.5” Resistive Touch Diablo16 Intelligent Display Module Other modules will also be available. Please contact 4D Systems for more information, or visit the 4D Systems website, www.4dsystems.com.au DIABLO16 DATASHEET For a comprehensive manual on the Workshop4 IDE Software along with other documents, refer to the documentation from the 4D Systems website, on the Workshop4 product page. Page 26 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 12.1. Designer Environment 12.3. ViSi Genie Environment Choose the Designer environment to write 4DGL code in its raw form. ViSi Genie is a breakthrough in the way 4D Labs’ graphic processors are programmed. It is an environment like no other, a code-less programming environment that provides the user with a rapid visual experience, enabling a simple GUI application to be ‘written’ from scratch in literally seconds. The Designer environment provides the user with a simple yet effective programming environment where pure 4DGL code can be written, compiled and downloaded to the Diablo16. ViSi Genie does all the background coding, no 4DGL to learn, it does it all for you. Pick and choose the relevant objects to place on the display, much like the ViSi Environment, yet without having to write a single line of code. Each object has parameters which can be set, and configurable events to animate and drive other objects or communicate with external devices. Simply place an object on the screen, position and size it to suit, set the parameters such as colour, range, text, and finally select the event you wish the object to be associated with, it is that simple. 12.2. ViSi Environment ViSi was designed to make the creation of graphical displays a more visual experience. It is a great software tool that allows the user to see the instant results of their desired graphical layout. In seconds you can transform a blank display into a fully animated GUI with moving sliders, animated press and release buttons, and much more. All without writing a single line of code! ViSi Genie provides the user with a feature rich rapid development environment, second to none. Additionally, there is a selection of inbuilt dials, gauges and meters that can simply be placed onto the simulated module display. From here each object can have its properties edited, and at the click of a button all relevant 4DGL code associated with that object is produced in the user program. The user can then write 4DGL code around these objects to utilise them in the way they choose. DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 27 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 12.4. Serial Environment The Serial environment in the Workshop4 IDE provides the user the ability to transform the Diablo16 into a slave serial graphics controller. This enables the user to use their favourite microcontroller or serial device as the Host, without having to learn 4DGL or program in a separate IDE. Once the Diablo16 is configured and downloaded to from the Serial Environment, simple graphic commands can be sent from the users host microcontroller to display primitives, images, sound or even video. Refer to the Diablo16 Serial Command Set Reference Manual from the Workshop4 product page on the 4D Labs website for a complete listing of all the supported serial commands DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 28 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 13. Reference Design DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 29 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 14. Package Details DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 30 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 15. PCB Land Pattern DIABLO16 DATASHEET Page 31 of 35 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR 16. Specifications and Ratings ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Operating ambient temperature .......................................................................................................... -40°C to +85°C Storage temperature ............................................................................................................................... -65°C +150°C Voltage on VCC with respect to GND ........................................................................................................ -0.3V to 4.0V Maximum current out of GND pin .................................................................................................................... 320mA Maximum current into VCC pin ......................................................................................................................... 320mA Maximum current sunk/sourced by any pin ..................................................................................................... 10.0mA Maximum current sunk/sourced by all ports ................................................................................................. 200.0mA Total power dissipation ....................................................................................................................... 1.0W + I/O Load NOTE: Stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the recommended operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Supply Voltage (VCC) Operating Temperature External Crystal (Xtal) Input Low Voltage (VIL) Input High Voltage (VIH) Input High Voltage (VIH) Conditions VCC = 3.3V, all pins VCC = 3.3V, non 5V tolerant pins PA4-PA13 GPIO, RX0 and TX0 pins Min 3.0 -40 -VGND 0.8VCC 0.8VCC Typ 3.3 -12.00 ---- Max 3.6 +85 -0.2VCC VCC 5.5 Units V °C MHz V V V Max --0.4 -15 50 -- Units mA MHz V V pF pF E/W GLOBAL CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Supply Current (ICC) Internal Operating Frequency Output Low Voltage (VOL) Output High Voltage (VOH) Capacitive Loading Capacitive Loading Flash Memory Endurance DIABLO16 DATASHEET Conditions VCC = 3.3V Xtal = 12.00MHz VCC = 3.3V, IOL = -10.0mA CLK1, CLK2 pins All other pins Programming Page 32 of 35 Min ---2.4 ---- Typ 70 70.00 ----10000 www.4dlabs.com.au DIABLO16 GRAPHICS PROCESSOR ANALOG TO DIGITAL MODULE SPECIFICATION Parameter A/D Converter Resolution A/D Integral Nonlinearity A/D Differential Nonlinearity A/D Gain Error A/D Offset Error A/D THD A/D Signal to Noise + Distortion A/D Spurious Free Dynamic Range A/D Effective Resolution Bits Conditions PA0-PA3(pin_Read) XR, YU pins (Resistive Touch) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3 PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) PA0-PA3(pin_Read) PA0-PA3(ana_HS) Min Typ Max Units -- -- 12 bits --2 -1.5 >-1 2 1 2 1 --68.5 57 80 72 11.09 9.16 ----3 5 3 2 --69.5 58.5 --11.3 9.4 10 +2 +1.5