TCS3404, TCS3414
Digital Color Sensors
General Description
The TCS3404 and TCS3414 digital color light sensors are
designed to accurately derive the color chromaticity and
illuminance (intensity) of ambient light and provide a digital
output with 16-bits of resolution. The devices include an
8 × 2 array of filtered photodiodes, analog-to-digital converters,
and control functions on a single monolithic CMOS integrated
circuit. Of the 16 photodiodes, 4 have red filters, 4 have green
filters, 4 have blue filters, and 4 have no filter (clear). With the
advanced patent pending in-package trim capability,
device-to-device and system-to-system tolerance can be
minimized allowing very precise repeatability to be attained.
A synchronization input (SYNC) provides precise external
control of sensor integration allowing the internal conversion
cycles to be synchronized to a pulsed light source. Furthermore,
the synchronization feature supports the following advanced
modes of operation to maximize flexibility across a broad range
of hardware systems:
1. sync for one internal-time cycle, and
2. accumulate for specified number of pulses.
The device also supports free-running and
serial-bus-controlled integration modes if precise coupling
between the sensor and light source is not required.
Four parallel analog-to-digital converters (ADC) transform the
photodiode currents to an SMBus (TCS3404) or I 2C (TCS3414)
digital output that, in turn, can be input to a microprocessor.
The RGB values can be read in a single read cycle to minimize
the number of read command protocols defined in the
communication interface. The slave address for this device is
39h (0111001b). A single SMB-Alert style interrupt (TCS3404) as
well as a single traditional level-style interrupt (TCS3414) can
be dynamically configured for any one of the four channels
including a corresponding high/low threshold setting. The
interrupt will remain asserted until the firmware clears the
interrupt.
The TCS3404/14 devices can help
1. automatically adjust the display brightness of a
backlight to extend battery, increase lamp life, and
provide optimum viewing in diverse lighting
conditions,
2. white-color balance display panel and/or captured
images in diverse lighting conditions, and
3. manage RGB LED backlighting to maintain color
consistency over a long period of time.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − General Description
These devices are also ideal in controlling keyboard
illumination in low ambient light conditions. Chromaticity
coordinates (x,y) can be used to derive color temperature for
the purpose of white-color balancing of displays and/or
captured images. Illuminance, in lux, can be used to
approximate the human eye response of ambient light and to
manage exposure control in digital cameras. The TCS3404/14
devices are ideal in notebook/tablet PCs, LCD monitors,
flat-panel televisions, cell phones, and digital cameras.
Additional applications include street light control, security
lighting, sunlight harvesting, and automotive instrumentation
clusters.
Ordering Information and Content Guide appear at end of
datasheet.
Key Benefits & Features
The benefits and features of TCS3404 and TCS3414, Digital Color
Sensors are listed below:
Figure 1:
Added Value of Using TCS3404 and TCS3414
Benefits
Features
• User defined upper and lower threshold
settings
• Programmable interrupt function
• Eliminates signal fluctuation due to AC
light flicker
• Internal filter, no external capacitor required
• More accurate system to system
repeatability
• In-package trim
• Up to 16-Bit output resolution
• 16-Bit digital output
• 1,000,000 to 1 dynamic range
• Programmable analog gain and integration time
• Synchronizes integration cycle with
external modulated signal
• SYNC input
• Extended operating temperature range
• -40°C to 85°C (CS package)
• -30°C to 70°C (FN package)
• 10% power supply operating range
• Operating voltage of 2.7V to 3.6V
• Smallest possible surface mount
packages
• Available in both an FN and a CS package
• The CS package is the smallest digital RGB color sensor
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − General Description
Applications
The applications of this device are:
• Provides method to derive chromaticity coordinates to
manage display backlighting (i.e. RGB LED, CCFL, etc.)
• Provides means to derive color temperature to
white-color balance displays under various lighting
conditions
End Products and Market Segments
• HDTVs
• Tablets, laptops, monitors
• Medical instrumentation
• Consumer toys
• Industrial/commercial lighting
• Industrial process control
Block Diagram
The functional blocks of this device are shown below:
Figure 2:
TCS3404 and TCS3414 Block Diagram
IR-Blocking Filter
(CS Package Only)
Integrating
A/D Converter
Red Channel
Integrating
A/D Converter
Green Channel
Integrating
A/D Converter
Blue Channel
Integrating
A/D Converter
Clear Channel
VDD
Command
Register
4-Parallel ADC
Registers
Interrupt
INT
SCL
SYNC
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Synchronization
Two-Wire Serial Interface
SDA
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Pin Assignments
The TCS3404 and TCS3414 pin assignments are described
below:
Pin Assignments
Figure 3:
Pin Diagram of Package CS 6-Lead Chipscale (Top View)
Package drawings is not to scale
Figure 4:
Pin Diagram of Package FN Dual Flat No-Lead (Top View)
Package drawings is not to scale
Figure 5:
Terminal Functions
Terminal
Type
Description
1
I
Serial clock input terminal - clock signal for I2C serial data
A2
2
I
Synchronous input
SDA
B1
3
I/O
Serial data I/O terminal - serial data I/O for I2C
INT
B3
4
O
Level interrupt - open drain
VDD
B2
5
Supply voltage
GND
A3
6
Power supply ground. All voltages are referenced to GND
Name
CS Pkg
No.
FN Pkg
No.
SCL
A1
SYNC
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Absolute Maximum Ratings
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress
ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Figure 6:
Absolute Maximum Ratings over Operating Free-Air Temperature Range (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
3.8
V
-0.5
3.8
V
VDD
Supply voltage (1)
VO
Digital output voltage range
IO
Digital output current
-1
20
mA
Storage temperature range
-40
85
°C
Tstrg
ESDHBM
ESD tolerance, human body model
±2000
V
Note(s):
1. All voltages are with respect to GND.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Electrical Characteristics
All limits are guaranteed. The parameters with min and max
values are guaranteed with production tests or
SQC (Statistical Quality Control) methods.
Electrical Characteristics
Figure 7:
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Min
Nom
Max
Unit
Supply voltage
2.7
3
3.6
V
Operating free-air temperature, (CS Package)
-40
85
°C
Operating free-air temperature, (FN Package)
-30
70
°C
VIL
SCL, SDA input low voltage
-0.5
0.8
V
VIH
SCL, SDA input high voltage
2.1
3.6
V
Typ
Max
Unit
Power on (ADC inactive)
7.7
10
mA
Power on (ADC active)
8.7
11
mA
Power down
700
1000
μA
VDD
Parameter
TA
Figure 8:
Electrical Characteristics, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
IDD
Parameter
Supply current @
VDD = 3.6V
Test Conditions
Min
VOL
INT, SDA output low
voltage
3mA sink current
0
0.4
V
ILEAK
Input leakage current
(SDA, SCL, SYNC)
VIH = VDD, VIL = GND
-5
5
μA
Figure 9:
AC Electrical Characteristics, VDD = 3.3V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
Parameter (1)
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Clock frequency 400kHz (I2C)
0
400
kHz
Clock frequency 100kHz (SMBus)
10
100
kHz
t(BUF)
Bus free time between start and stop
condition
1.3
μs
t(HDSTA)
Hold time after (repeated) start
condition. After this period, the first
clock is generated.
0.6
μs
t(SUSTA)
Repeated start condition setup time
0.6
μs
f(SCL)
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Electrical Characteristics
Parameter (1)
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
t(SUSTO)
Stop condition setup time
t(HDDAT)
Data hold time
0
t(SUDAT)
Data setup time
100
ns
t(LOW)
SCL clock low period
1.3
μs
t(HIGH)
SCL clock high period
0.6
μs
Detect clock/data low timeout
(SMBus only)
25
t(TIMEOUT)
0.6
μs
0.9
μs
35
ms
tF
Clock/data fall time
300
ns
tR
Clock/data rise time
300
ns
Ci
Input pin capacitance
10
pF
tLOW(SYNC)
SYNC low period (see Figure 10)
50
μs
tHIGH(SYNC)
SYNC high period (see Figure 10)
50
μs
tF(SYNC)
SYNC fall time (see Figure 10)
50
ns
tR(SYNC)
SYNC rise time (see Figure 10)
50
ns
Note(s):
1. Specified by design and characterization; not production tested.
Figure 10:
Timing Diagram for Sync
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T C S 3 4 0 4 , T C S 3 4 1 4 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 11:
Optical Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C, Gain = 64×, Tint = 12ms (unless otherwise noted) (1), (2)
Symbol
Re
Re
Parameter
Irradiance
responsivity
(CS package)
Irradiance
responsivity
(FN package)
Test
Conditions
Red Channel
Green Channel
Blue Channel
Clear Channel
Unit
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
λp = 470nm (3)
0%
15%
15%
50%
65%
90%
59.0
65.6
72.5
λp = 524nm (4)
0%
15%
60%
90%
0%
35%
71.2
76.9
82.7
λp = 640nm (5)
80%
110%
0%
15%
0%
15%
80.6
90.1
99.5
λp = 470nm (3)
0%
15%
10%
50%
65%
90%
56.3
62.5
69.1
λp = 524nm (4)
0%
15%
60%
90%
0%
35%
72.5
78.4
84.3
λp = 640nm (5)
80%
110%
0%
15%
0%
15%
94.2
105.3
116.3
counts/
(μW/cm2)
counts/
(μW/cm2)
Note(s):
1. The percentage shown represents the ratio of the respective red, green, or blue channel value to the clear channel value.
2. Optical measurements are made using small-angle incident radiation from a light-emitting diode (LED) optical source.
3. The 470nm input irradiance is supplied by an InGaN light-emitting diode with the following characteristics: peak wavelength λp = 470nm, spectral halfwidth Δλ½ = 35nm, and
luminous efficacy = 75lm/W.
4. The 524nm input irradiance is supplied by an InGaN light-emitting diode with the following characteristics: peak wavelength λp = 524nm, spectral halfwidth Δλ½ = 47nm, and
luminous efficacy = 520lm/W.
5. The 640nm input irradiance is supplied by a AlInGaP light-emitting diode with the following characteristics: peak wavelength λ p = 640nm, spectral halfwidth Δλ½ = 17nm, and
luminous efficacy = 155lm/W.
6. Illuminance responsivity Rv is calculated from the irradiance responsivity R e by using the LED luminous efficacy values stated in notes 3, 4, and 5 and using 1lx = 1lm/m2.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 12:
Optical Characteristics, V DD = 3V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) (2), (3), (4)
Parameter
Gain scaling, relative to
1× gain setting
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
4×
3.8
4
4.2
16×
15.2
16
16.8
64×
60.8
64
67.2
0
3
15
counts
65535
counts
4.6
MHz
5
%
Dark ADC count value
Ee = 0, 64× gain setting,
Tint = 400ms
Maximum digital count value
Prescale = 1, Tint = 400ms (1)
fosc Oscillator frequency
4.2
Internal integration time
tolerance
-5
Temperature coefficient of
responsivity (SYNC mode)
λ ≤ 700nm, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C
4.4
±200
Unit
ppm/°C
Note(s):
1. At shorter integration times and/or higher Prescale settings, the device will reach saturation of the analog section before the digital
count reaches the maximum 16-bit value. The worst-case (lowest) analog saturation value can be obtained using the formula: Analog
saturation = (fosc(min) ×Tint) ÷ Prescale, where Fosc(min) is the minimum oscillator frequency in Hz, and tint is the actual integration
time (internal, manually-timed, or sync-generated) in seconds.
2. Gain is controlled by the gain register (07h) described in the Register section.
3. Measurements taken when the Photodiode field value in the Photodiode Register (06h) is 00b and when the Prescaler field value
in the Gain Register (07h) is 000b.
4. The full scale ADC count value is slew-rate limited for short integration times and is limited by the 16-bit counter for long integration
times. The nominal transition between the two regions is t int = 65535/5000 = 13.1ms.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Parameter Measurement Information
Parameter Measurement
Information
Figure 13:
Timing Diagrams
Figure 14:
Example Timing Diagram for Send Byte Format
Figure 15:
Example Timing Diagram for Receive Byte Format
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Typical Operating Characteristics
Typical Operating
Characteristics
Figure 16:
Spectral Responsivity CS Package
Normalized Responsivity - %
Spectral responsivity is normalized at
655nm.
λ - Wavelength - nm
Figure 17:
Spectral Responsivity FN Package
Normalized Responsivity - %
Spectral responsivity is normalized at
850nm.
λ - Wavelength - nm
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Typical Operating Characteristics
IDD - μA
Figure 18:
IDD OFF vs. Free-Air Temperature (Power Down)
TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C
Figure 19:
IDD ON vs. Free-Air Temperature (Power On - ADC Inactive)
IDD - mA
When the device is powered on and the
ADC is active, IDD is approximately 1mA
higher.
TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Typical Operating Characteristics
Tint Normalized - %
Figure 20:
Normalized Integration Time vs. Free-Air Temperature
TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C
Normalized Responsivity
Figure 21:
Normalized Responsivity vs.
Angular Displacement - FN Package
Θ - Angular Displacement - °
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Typical Operating Characteristics
Normalized Responsivity
Figure 22:
Normalized Responsivity vs.
Angular Displacement - CS Package
Θ - Angular Displacement - °
Normalized Responsivity
Figure 23:
Normalized Responsivity vs.
Angular Displacement - CS Package
Θ - Angular Displacement - °
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Principles of Operation
Analog-to-Digital Converter
The TCS3404/14 contains four integrating analog-to-digital
converters (ADC) that integrate the currents from the four
photodiodes (channel 1 through channel 4). Integration of all
four channels occurs simultaneously, and upon completion of
the conversion cycle the conversion results are transferred to
the channel data registers, respectively. The transfers are
double-buffered to ensure that invalid data is not read during
the transfer. After the transfer, the device automatically begins
the next integration cycle.
There are two ways to control the integration cycles: internally
timed and externally timed. Internally-timed integration cycles
can either be continuous back-to-back conversions or can be
externally triggered as a single event using the SYNC pin.
Externally-timed integrations can be controlled by setting and
clearing a register bit (i.e. ADC_EN in Control Register) using the
serial interface, or by 1 or more pulses input to the SYNC pin.
Integration options are configured through the Timing Register
(see Timing Register (01h) for more information).
Digital Interface
Interface and control of the TCS3404/14 is accomplished
through a two-wire serial interface to a set of registers that
provide access to device control functions and output data. The
serial interface is compatible with System Management Bus
(SMBus) versions 1.1 and 2.0, and I 2C bus Fast-Mode.
The TCS3404/14 device supports a single slave address outlined
in Figure 24. Additional devices shown in the Ordering
Information support additional I 2C slave addresses for systems
requiring more than one device.
Figure 24:
Slave Address
Slave Address
SMB Alert Address
0111001
0001100
Note(s):
1. The slave and SMB Alert addresses are 7 bits. Please note the SMBus and I 2C
protocols on the following pages. A read/write bit should be appended to
the slave address by the master device to communicate properly with the
device.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Interrupt
Although the ADC channel data registers can be read at any
time to obtain the most recent conversion value, in some
applications, periodic polling of the device may not be
desirable. For these types of applications, the device supports
a variety of interrupt options allowing the user to configure the
device to signal when a change in light intensity has occurred.
High and low threshold registers allow a range of light levels to
be defined, outside of which the device generates an interrupt.
A persistence setting allows the user to specify a time duration
that the measured value must remain outside of the defined
range before generating an interrupt. The interrupt function
can be assigned to any one of the four ADC color channels.
See Interrupt Control Register (02h) for more information on
configuring the interrupt functions.
SMBus and I 2 C Protocols
Each Send and Write protocol is, essentially, a series of bytes. A
byte sent to the TCS3404/14 with the most significant bit (MSB)
equal to 1 will be interpreted as a COMMAND byte. The lower
four bits of the COMMAND byte form the register select address
(see Figure 24), which is used to select the destination for the
subsequent byte(s) received. The TCS3404/14 responds to any
Receive Byte requests with the contents of the register specified
by the stored register select address.
The TCS3404/14 implements the following protocols of the SMB
2.0 specification:
• Send Byte Protocol
• Receive Byte Protocol
• Write Byte Protocol
• Write Word Protocol
• Read Word Protocol
• Block Write Protocol
• Block Read Protocol
The TCS3404/14 implements the following protocols of the I2C
specification:
• I 2C Write Protocol
• I 2C Read (Combined Format) Protocol
When an SMBus Block Write or Block Read is initiated
(see description of Command Register), the byte following the
COMMAND byte is ignored but is a requirement of the SMBus
specification. This field contains the byte count (i.e. the number
of bytes to be transferred). The TCS3404 (SMBus) device ignores
this field and extracts this information by counting the actual
number of bytes transferred before the Stop condition is
detected.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
When an I 2C Write or I 2C Read (Combined Format) is initiated,
the byte count is also ignored but follows the SMBus protocol
specification. Data bytes continue to be transferred from the
TCS3414 (I 2C) device to Master until a NACK is sent by the
Master.
The data formats supported by the TCS3404 and TCS3414
devices are:
• Master transmitter transmits to slave receiver
(SMBus and I2C):
• The transfer direction in this case is not changed.
• Master reads slave immediately after the first byte
(SMBus only):
• At the moment of the first acknowledgment
(provided by the slave receiver) the master
transmitter becomes a master receiver and the slave
receiver becomes a slave transmitter.
• Combined format (SMBus and I 2C):
• During a change of direction within a transfer, the
master repeats both a START condition and the slave
address but with the R/W bit reversed. In this case, the
master receiver terminates the transfer by generating
a NACK on the last byte of the transfer and a STOP
condition.
For a complete description of SMBus protocols, please review
the SMBus Specification at www.smbus.org/specs. For a
complete description of the I 2C protocol, please review the NXP
I 2C design specification at www.i2c-bus.org/references.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Figure 25:
SMBus and I2C Packet Protocol Element Key
1
7
1
S
Slave Address
1
Wr A
8
1
1
Data Byte
A
P
X
X
A
Acknowledge (this bit position may be 0 for an ACK or 1 for a NACK)
P
Stop Condition
Rd
Read (bit value of 1)
S
Start Condition
Sr
Repeated Start Condition
Wr
Write (bit value of 0)
X
Shown under a field indicates that that field is required to have a value of X
…
Continuation of protocol
Master-to-Slave
Slave-to-Master
Figure 26:
SMBus Send Byte Protocol
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
1
Data Byte
A
P
Figure 27:
SMBus Receive Byte Protocol
1
7
1
1
8
1
1
S
Slave Address
Rd
A
Data Byte
A
P
1
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Figure 28:
SMBus Write Byte Protocol
1
7
1
S
Slave Address
1
Wr A
8
1
8
1
1
Command Code
A
Data Byte
A
P
Figure 29:
SMBus Read Byte Protocol
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
1
7
Command Code
A
S
Slave Address
1
1
Rd A
8
1
1
Data Byte Low
A
P
1
Figure 30:
SMBus Write Word Protocol
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Command Code
A
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
A
P
Figure 31:
SMBus Read Word Protocol
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
1
7
Command Code
A
S
Slave Address
1
1
Rd A
8
1
Data Byte Low
A
...
8
1
1
Data Byte High
A
P
1
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Figure 32:
SMBus Block Write or I2C Write Protocols
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
8
1
8
1
Command Code
A
Byte Count = N
A
Data Byte 1
A
8
1
Data Byte 2
A
...
...
8
1
1
Data Byte N
A
P
Note(s):
1. The I 2C read protocol does not use the Byte Count packet, and the Master will continue receiving Data Bytes until the Master initiates
a Stop Condition. See the Command Register for additional information regarding the Block Read/Write protocol.
Figure 33:
SMBus Block Read or I2C Read (Combined Format) Protocols
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
8
1
1
7
Command Code
A
Sr
Slave Address
1
1
Rd A
8
1
8
1
Data Byte 1
A
Data Byte 2
A
...
8
1
Byte Count = N
A
...
8
1
1
Data Byte N
A
P
1
Note(s):
1. The I 2C read protocol does not use the Byte Count packet, and the Master will continue receiving Data Bytes until the Master initiates
a Stop Condition. See the Command Register for additional information regarding the Block Read/Write protocol.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Register Set
The TCS3404/14 is controlled and monitored by 18 user
registers and a command register accessed through the serial
interface. These registers provide for a variety of control
functions and can be read to determine results of the ADC
conversions. The Register Set is summarized in Figure 34.
Figure 34:
Register Address
Address
Register Name
Register Function
----
COMMAND
Specifies register address
00h
CONTROL
Control of basic functions
01h
TIMING
02h
INTERRUPT
Interrupt control
03h
INT SOURCE
Interrupt source
04h
ID
07h
GAIN
08h
LOW_THRESH_LOW_BYTE
Low byte of low interrupt threshold
09h
LOW_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE
High byte of low interrupt threshold
0Ah
HIGH_THRESH_LOW_BYTE
Low byte of high interrupt threshold
0Bh
HIGH_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE
High byte of high interrupt threshold
0Fh
----
SMBus block read (10h through 17h)
10h
DATA1LOW
Low byte of ADC green channel
11h
DATA1HIGH
High byte of ADC green channel
12h
DATA2LOW
Low byte of ADC red channel
13h
DATA2HIGH
High byte of ADC red channel
14h
DATA3LOW
Low byte of ADC blue channel
15h
DATA3HIGH
High byte of ADC blue channel
16h
DATA4LOW
Low byte of ADC clear channel
17h
DATA4HIGH
High byte of ADC clear channel
Integration time/gain control
Part number/Rev ID
ADC gain control
The mechanics of accessing a specific register depends on the
specific SMB protocol used. Refer to the section on SMBus
protocols on the previous pages. In general, the Command
Register is written first to specify the specific control/status
register for following read/write operations.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Command Register
The Command Register specifies the address of the target
register for subsequent read and write operations. This register
contains eight bits as described in Figure 35 and defaults to 00h
at power on.
Figure 35:
Command Register
7
CMD
6
5
4
3
2
TRANSACTION
Field
Bits
CMD
7
1
0
ADDRESS
Description
Select Command Register. Must write as 1.
Transaction. Selects type of transaction to follow in subsequent data transfer.
TRANSACTION
ADDRESS
6:5
4:0
Field Value
Transaction
Description
00
Byte protocol
SMB read/write byte protocol
01
Word protocol
SMB read/write word protocol
10
Block protocol
SMB read/write block protocol
11
Interrupt clear
Clear any pending interrupt and is a
write-once-to-clear field
Register Address. This field selects the specific control or status register for
following write and read commands according to Figure 34.
Note(s):
1. An I 2C block transaction will continue until the Master sends a stop condition. See Figure 30 and Figure 31. Unlike the I2C protocol,
the TCS3404/14 SMBus read/write protocol requires a Byte Count. All eight ADC Channel Data Registers (10h through 17h) can be
read simultaneously in a single SMBus transaction. This is the only 64-bit data block supported by the TCS3404 SMBus protocol. The
TRANSACTION field must be set to 10, and a read condition should be initiated with a COMMAND CODE of CFh. By using a COMMAND
CODE of CFh during an SMBus Block Read Protocol, the TCS3404 device will automatically insert the appropriate Byte Count (Byte
Count = 8) as illustrated in Figure 30. A write condition should not be used in conjunction with the 0Fh register.
2. Only the Send Byte Protocol should be used when clearing interrupts.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Control Register (00h)
The Control Register contains two bits and is primarily used to
power the TCS3404/14 device up and down as shown in
Figure 36.
Figure 36:
Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Resv
Resv
Resv
ADC_VALID
Resv
Resv
ADC_EN
POWER
Field
Bits
Resv
7:5
ADC_VALID
4
Resv
3:2
ADC_EN
1
ADC enable. This field enables the four ADC channels to begin integration. Writing
a 1 activates the ADC channels, and writing a 0 disables the ADCs.
POWER
0
Power On. Writing a 1 powers on the device, and writing a 0 turns it OFF.
Description
Reserved. Write as 0.
ADC valid. This read-only field indicates that the ADC channel has completed an
integration cycle.
Reserved. Write as 0.
Note(s):
1. Both ADC_EN and POWER must be asserted before the ADC channels will operate correctly.
2. INTEG_MODE and TIME/COUNTER fields in the Timing Register (01h) should be written before ADC_EN is asserted.
3. If a value of 03h is written, the value returned during a read cycle will be 03h. This feature can be used to verify that the device is
communicating properly.
4. During writes and reads, the POWER bit is overridden and the oscillator is enabled, independent of the state of POWER.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Timing Register (01h)
The Timing Register controls the synchronization and
integration time of the ADC channels. The Timing Register
settings apply to all four ADC channels. The Timing Register
defaults to 00h at power On.
Figure 37:
Timing Register
7
6
Resv
SYNC_EDGE
5
4
3
2
INTEG_MODE
1
0
PARAM
Field
Bits
Description
Resv
7
Reserved. Write as 0.
SYNC_EDGE
6
Sync pin edge. If SYNC_EDGE is low, the falling edge of the sync pin is used to stop
an integration cycle when INTEG_MODE is 11. If SYNC_EDGE is high, the rising
edge of the sync pin is used to stop an integration cycle when INTEG_MODE is 11.
Selects preset integration time, manual integration (via serial bus), or external
synchronization (SYNC IN) modes.
Field Value
INTEG_MODE
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5:4
Mode
00
In this mode, the integrator is free-running and one of
the three internally-generated Nominal Integration
Times is selected for each conversion
(see Integration Time table below).
01
Manually start/stop integration through serial bus using
ADC_EN field in Control Register.
10
Synchronize exactly one internally-timed integration
cycle as specified in the NOMINAL INTEGRATION TIME
beginning 2.4μs after being initiated by the SYNC IN pin.
11
Integrate over specified number of pulses on SYNC IN
pin (See SYNC IN PULSE COUNT table below). Minimum
width of sync pulse is 50μs. SYNC IN must be low at least
3.6μs.
ams Datasheet
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Field
Bits
Description
Uses single, multipurpose bitmapped field to select one of three predefined
integration times or set the number of SYNC IN pulses to count when the INTEG_
MODE accumulate mode (11) is selected.(1)
PARAM
3:0
Field Value
Normal Integration Time
0000
12ms
0001
100ms
0010
400ms
Field Value
Sync in Pulse Count
0000
1
0001
2
0010
4
0011
8
0100
16
0101
32
0110
64
0111
128
1000
256
Note(s):
1. INTEG_MODE and TIME/COUNTER fields should be written before ADC_EN is asserted.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Interrupt Control Register (02h)
The Interrupt Register controls the extensive interrupt
capabilities of the device. The open-drain interrupt pin is active
low and requires a pullup resistor to V DD in order to pull high
in the inactive state. Using the Interrupt Source Register (03h),
the interrupt can be configured to trigger on any one of the four
ADC channels. The TCS3404/14 permits both SMB-Alert style
interrupts as well as traditional level style interrupts. The
Interrupt Register provides control over when a meaningful
interrupt will occur. The concept of a meaningful change can be
defined by the user both in terms of light intensity and time, or
persistence of that change in intensity. The value must cross
the threshold (as configured in the Threshold Registers 08h
through 0Bh) and persist for some period of time as outlined in
the table below.
When a level Interrupt is selected, an interrupt is generated
whenever the last conversion results in a value outside of the
programmed threshold window. The interrupt is active-low and
remains asserted until cleared by writing an 11 in the
TRANSACTION field in the Command Register.
In SMB-Alert mode, the interrupt is similar to the traditional
level style and the interrupt line is asserted low. To clear the
interrupt, the host responds to the SMB-Alert by performing a
modified Receive Byte operation, in which the Alert Response
Address (ARA) is placed in the slave address field, and the
TCS3404/14 that generated the interrupt responds by returning
its own address in the seven most significant bits of the receive
data byte. If more than one device connected on the bus has
pulled the SMBAlert line low, the highest priority (lowest
address) device will win control of the bus during the slave
address transfer. If the device loses this arbitration, the
interrupt will not be cleared. The Alert Response Address is 0Ch.
When INTR = 11, the interrupt is generated immediately
following the SMBus write operation. Operation then behaves
in an SMB-Alert mode, and the software set interrupt may be
cleared by an SMB-Alert cycle.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Figure 38:
Interrupt Control Register
7
6
5
Resv
INTR_STOP
4
INTR
3
2
Resv
1
0
PERSIST
Field
Bits
Resv
7
Reserved. Write as 0.
6
Stop ADC integration on interrupt. When high, ADC integration will stop once an
interrupt is asserted. To resume operation (1) de-assert ADC_EN using Control
Register, (2) clear interrupt using Command Register, and (3) re-assert ADC_EN
using Control Register. (1)
INTR_STOP
Description
INTR Control Select. This field determines mode of interrupt logic according to the
table below:
Field Value
INTR
5:4
Interrupt Control
00
Interrupt output disabled.
01
Level Interrupt.
10
SMB-Alert compliant.
11
Sets an interrupt and functions as mode 10.
See note (2)
Resv
3
Reserved. Write as 0.
Interrupt persistence. Controls rate of interrupts to the host processor:
PERSIST
Field Value
Timer
Description
000
Every
Every ADC cycle generates interrupt
001
Single
Any value outside of threshold range
010
0.1 sec
Consecutively out of range for 0.1 second
011
1 sec
2:0
Consecutively out of range for 1 second
Note(s):
1. Use this bit to isolate a particular condition when the sensor is continuously integrating.
2. Value 11 may be used to test interrupt connectivity in a system or to assist in debugging interrupt service routine software. See
Application Information: Software section for further information.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Interrupt Source Register (03h)
The Interrupt Source Register selects which ADC channel value
to use to generate an interrupt. Only one of the four ADC
channels can be selected.
Figure 39:
Interrupt Source Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
Resv
Resv
Resv
Resv
Resv
Resv
Field
Bits
Resv
7:2
1
0
INT SOURCE
Description
Reserved. Write as 0.
Interrupt Source. Selects which ADC channel to use to generate an interrupt:
Field Value
INT SOURCE
Interrupt Source
00
Green channel
01
Red channel
10
Blue channel
11
Clear channel
1:0
Note(s):
1. The INTERRUPT THRESHOLD Register (08h−0Bh) should be configured appropriately to correspond to the ADC channel value that
generates an interrupt.
ID Register (04h)
The ID Register provides the value for both the part number and
silicon revision number for that part number. It is a read-only
register, whose value never changes.
Figure 40:
ID Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
PARTNO
1
REVNO
Field
Bits
PARTNO
7:4
Part Number Identification:
field value 0000 = TCS3404
field value 0001 = TCS3413, TCS3414, TCS3415, and TCS3416
REVNO
3:0
Revision number identification
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0
Description
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Gain Register (07h)
The Gain Register provides a common gain control adjustment
for all four parallel ADC output channels. Two gain bits [5:4] in
the Gain Register allow the relative gain to be adjusted from 1×
to 64× in 4× increments. The advantage of the gain adjust is to
extend the dynamic range of the light input up to a factor of
64× before analog or digital saturation occurs. If analog
saturation has occurred, lowering the gain sensitivity will likely
prevent analog saturation especially when the integration time
is relatively short. For longer integration times, the 16-bit
output could be in digital saturation (64K). If lowering the gain
to 1× does not prevent digital saturation from occurring, the
use of PRESCALER can be useful.
The PRESCALER is 3 bits [2:0] in the Gain Register that divides
down the output count (i.e. shifts the LSB of the count value to
the right). The PRESCALER adjustment range is divide by 1 to
64 in multiples of 2.
The most sensitive gain setting of the device would be when
GAIN is set to 11b (64×), and PRESCALER is set to 000b (divide
by 1). The least sensitive part setting would be GAIN 00 (1×) and
PRESCALER 110 (divide by 64). If the part continues to be in
digital saturation at the least sensitive setting, the integration
time can be lowered (see Timing Register (01h) section).
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Figure 41:
Gain Register
7
6
5
Resv
Resv
Field
Bits
Resv
7:6
4
GAIN
3
2
Resv
1
0
PRESCALER
Description
Reserved. Write as 0.
Analog Gain Control. This field switches the common analog gain of the four ADC
channels. Four gain modes are provided:
GAIN
Resv
5:4
3
Field Value
Gain
00
1×
01
4×
10
16×
11
64×
Reserved. Write as 0.
Prescaler. This field controls a 6-bit digital prescaler and divider. The prescaler
reduces the sensitivity of each ADC integrator as shown in the table below:
PRESCALER
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2:0
Field Value
PRESCALAR Mode
000
Divide by 1
001
Divide by 2
010
Divide by 4
011
Divide by 8
100
Divide by 16
101
Divide by 32
110
Divide by 64
111
Not used
ams Datasheet
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
Interrupt Threshold Register (08h - 0Bh)
The Interrupt Threshold Registers store the values to be used
as the high and low trigger points for the comparison function
for interrupt generation. The high and low bytes from each set
of registers are combined to form a 16-bit threshold value. If
the value generated by the Interrupt Source Register (03h)
converges below or equal to the low threshold specified, an
interrupt is asserted on the interrupt pin. If the value generated
by Interrupt Source Register (03h) converges above the high
threshold specified, an interrupt is asserted on the interrupt
pin. Registers LOW_THRESH_LOW_BYTE and LOW_THRESH_
HIGH_BYTE provide the low byte and high byte, respectively, of
the lower interrupt threshold. Registers HIGH_THRESH_LOW_
BYTE and HIGH_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE provide the low and high
bytes, respectively, of the upper interrupt threshold. The
Interrupt Threshold Registers default to 00h on power up.
Figure 42:
Interrupt Threshold Register
Register
Address
Bits
Description
LOW_THRESH_LOW_BYTE
08h
7:0
ADC interrupt source lower byte of the low threshold
LOW_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE
09h
7:0
ADC interrupt source upper byte of the low threshold
HIGH_THRESH_LOW_BYTE
0Ah
7:0
ADC interrupt source lower byte of the high threshold
HIGH_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE
0Bh
7:0
ADC interrupt source upper byte of the high threshold
Note(s):
1. The Interrupt Source Register (03h) selects which ADC channel to generate an interrupt and should correspond to the threshold
setting. Both registers should be configured appropriately when setting up an interrupt service routine.
2. Since two 8-bit values are combined for a single 16-bit value for each of the high and low interrupt thresholds, the SMBus Send Byte
protocol should not be used to write to these registers. Any values transferred by the Send Byte protocol with the MSB set would
be interpreted as the COMMAND field and stored as an address for subsequent read/write operations and not as the interrupt
threshold information as desired. The Write Word protocol should be used to write byte-paired registers. For example, the LOW_
THRESH_LOW_BYTE and LOW_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE registers (as well as the HIGH_THRESH_LOW_BYTE and HIGH_THRESH_HIGH_
BYTE registers) can be written together to set the 16-bit ADC value in a single transaction.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Principles of Operation
ADC Channel Data Registers (10h - 17h)
The ADC channel data are expressed as 16-bit values spread
across four registers. The channel low and high provide the
lower and upper bytes respectively for each ADC channel data
registers. Each DATALOW and DATAHIGH register is identified
below as 1, 2, 3, or 4. All channel data registers are read-only
and default to 00h on power up.
Figure 43:
ADC Channel Data Registers
Register
Address
Bits
Description
GREEN_LOW
10h
7:0
ADC channel 1 lower byte
GREEN_HIGH
11h
7:0
ADC channel 1 upper byte
RED_LOW
12h
7:0
ADC channel 2 lower byte
RED_HIGH
13h
7:0
ADC channel 2 upper byte
BLUE_LOW
14h
7:0
ADC channel 3 lower byte
BLUE_HIGH
15h
7:0
ADC channel 3 upper byte
CLEAR_LOW
16h
7:0
ADC channel 4 lower byte
CLEAR_HIGH
17h
7:0
ADC channel 4 upper byte
The upper byte data registers can only be read following a read
to the corresponding lower byte register. When the lower byte
register is read the upper eight bits are strobed into a shadow
register, which is read by a subsequent read to the upper byte.
The upper register will therefore read the correct value even if
additional ADC integration cycles complete between the
reading of the lower and upper registers.
Note(s): The SMBus Read Word protocol can be used to read
byte-paired registers. For example, the DATA1LOW and
DATA1HIGH registers (as well as the other three individual
register pairs) may be read together to obtain the 16-bit ADC
value in a single transaction.
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
Application Information:
Software
Basic Operation
After applying V DD, the device will initially be in the
power−down state. To operate the device, issue a command to
access the control register followed by the data value 03h to
the control register to set ADC_EN and POWER to power up the
device. At this point, all four ADC channels will begin a
conversion at the default integration time of 12ms. After 12ms,
the conversion results will be available in ADC Channel Data
Registers (10h through 17h). The following pseudo code
illustrates a procedure for reading the TCS3404/14 device using
Word and Byte transactions:
// Read ADC Channels Using Read Word Protocol − RECOMMENDED
Address = 0x39
Command = 0x80
PowerUp = 0x03
//Power Up and Enable ADC
//Wait for integration conversion
//Address the Ch1 lower data register and configure for Read Word
Command = 0xB0
//Set Command bit and Word transaction
//Reads two bytes from sequential registers 10h and 11h
//Results are returned in DataLow and DataHigh variables
ReadWord (Address, Command, DataLow, DataHigh)
Channel1 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Address the Ch2 lower data register and configure for Read Word
Command = 0xB2
//Set Command bit and Word transaction
//Reads two bytes from sequential registers 12h and 13h
//Results are returned in DataLow and DataHigh variables
ReadWord (Address, Command, DataLow, DataHigh)
Channel2 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
//Address the Ch3 lower data register and configure for Read Word
Command = 0xB4
//Set Command bit and Word transaction
//Reads two bytes from sequential registers 14h and 15h
//Results are returned in DataLow and DataHigh variables
ReadWord (Address, Command, DataLow, DataHigh)
Channel3 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Address the Ch4 lower data register and configure for Read Word
Command = 0xB6
//Set Command bit and Word transaction
//Reads two bytes from sequential registers 16h and 17h
//Results are returned in DataLow and DataHigh variables
ReadWord (Address, Command, DataLow, DataHigh)
Channel4 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
// Read ADC Channels Using Read Byte Protocol
Address = 0x39
//Slave addr − also 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0x90
//Address the Ch1 lower data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataLow)
//Result returned in DataLow
Command = 0x91
//Address the Ch1 upper data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataHigh)
//Result returned in DataHigh
Channel1 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
Command = 0x92
//Address the Ch2 lower data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataLow)
//Result returned in DataLow
Command = 0x93
//Address the Ch2 upper data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataHigh)
//Result returned in DataHigh
Channel2 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
Command = 0x94
//Address the Ch3 lower data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataLow)
//Result returned in DataLow
Command = 0x95
//Address the Ch3 upper data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataHigh)
//Result returned in DataHigh
Channel3 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
Command = 0x96
//Address the Ch4 lower data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataLow)
//Result returned in DataLow
Command = 0x97
//Address the Ch4 upper data register
ReadByte (Address, Command, DataHigh)
//Result returned in DataHigh
Channel4 = 256 * DataHigh + DataLow
//Shift DataHigh to upper byte
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
Configuring the Timing Register
The command, timing, and control registers are initialized to
default values on power up. Setting these registers to the
desired values would be part of a normal initialization or setup
procedure. In addition, to maximize the performance of the
device under various conditions, the integration time and gain
may be changed often during operation. The following pseudo
code illustrates a procedure for setting up the timing register
for various options.
// Set up Timing Register
//Low Gain (1x), integration time of 12ms (default value)
Address = 0x39
Command = 0x81
//Timing Register
Data = 0x02
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//Low Gain (1x), integration time of 101ms
Command = 0x81
//Timing Register
Data = 0x01
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//Low Gain (1x), integration time of 12ms
Data = 0x00
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//High Gain (16x), integration time of 101ms
Command = 0x81
//Timing Register
Data = 0x01
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
Command = 0x87
//Gain Control Register
Data = 0x20
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//Read data registers (see Basic Operation example)
//Perform Manual Integration of 50 us
//Set up for manual integration
Command = 0x80
Data = 0x01
//Disable ADC_EN
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
Command = 0x81
Data = 0x10
//Set manual integration
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
Command = 0x80
Data = 0x03
//Enable ADC_EN and begin integration
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//Integrate for 50ms
Sleep (50)
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
//Wait for 50ms
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
//Stop integrating
Command 0x80
Data = 0x01
//Disable ADC_EN and stop integration
WriteByte(Address, Command, Data)
//Read data registers (see Basic Operation example)
Synchronization
There are two basic modes of operation for controlling
synchronization: (1) internally timed, and (2) externally timed.
Internally-timed integration cycles can either be continuous
back-to-back conversions or can be externally triggered as a
single event using the SYNC pin. Externally-timed integrations
can be controlled by setting and clearing the ADC Enable in the
Control Register using the serial interface, or by one or more
pulses input to the SYNC pin. Internally-timed integration cycle
times are dependent on the PARAM field value and the internal
clock frequency. Nominal integration times and respective
scaling between integration times scale proportionally as
shown in the PARAM field in Figure 37. See Operating
Characteristics Table notes for detailed information regarding
how the scale values were obtained.
If a particular integration time period is required that is not
listed in the PARAM Integration Time field value, then the
manual timing control feature can be used to manually start
and stop the integration time period by setting
INTEG_MODE=01b. Manual integration is performed as follows:
Figure 44:
Manual Integration (INTEG_MODE 01b)
1. Disable ADC_EN (= 0) before initiating a manual
integration cycle
2. Clear and enable INTR before each cycle
3. Write 01b to INTEG_MODE field
4. Set ADC_EN (= 1) to start integration
5. Clear ADC_EN (= 0) to stop integration
6. Read channel data
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
When the INTEG_MODE field value is set to 10b, an
externally-controlled synchronization input (SYNC) is used to
trigger the start of an integration period. The integration period
starts on the rising edge of the SYNC pulse, triggers a single,
internally-timed integration cycle, and continues until the
Nominal Integration Time, as defined in the PARAM field, is
completed.
Figure 45:
One-Shot Integration (INTEG_MODE 10b) Falling Edge
Note(s):
1. ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back to high again) before next integration cycle
1. Enable ADC_EN (= 1)
2. Set PARAM for desired integration cycle
(12ms, 100ms, or 400ms)
3. Set INTEG_MODE to 10b
4. Disable SYNC and clear INTR
5. Read channel data
When the INTEG_MODE field value is set to 11b, the device
integrates from the rising edge of the first pulse until the rising
or falling edge of a subsequent pulse as specified by the SYNC_
EDGE and PARAM field values. See example timing diagrams
below. ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back
to high again) before the next integration cycle. With this device
feature, the SYNC IN input pin can be used to synchronize the
device with an external light source (e.g. LED).
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
Figure 46:
Integrate Over One Pulse (SYNC_EDGE 1b, INTEG_MODE 11b, PARAM 0b) Rising Edge
Note(s):
1. Rising edge of second SYNC IN pulse required to terminate integration cycle
2. ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back to high again) before next integration cycle
1. Enable ADC_EN (= 1)
2. Set SYNC EDGE to 1
3. Set PARAM for SYNC PULSE COUNT of 1
4. Set INTEG_MODE to 11b
5. Input two external SYNC pulses
6. Disable SYNC and read channels
Figure 47:
Integrate Over One Pulse (SYNC_EDGE 0b, INTEG_MODE 11b, PARAM 0b) Falling Edge
Note(s):
1. ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back to high again) before next integration cycle
1. Enable ADC_EN (= 1)
2. Set SYNC EDGE to 0
3. Set PARAM for SYNC PULSE COUNT of 1
4. Set INTEG_MODE to 11b
5. Input external SYNC pulse
6. Disable SYNC and read channels
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
Figure 48:
Integrate Over Two Pulses (SYNC_EDGE 1b, INTEG_MODE 11b, PARAM Xb) Rising Edge
Note(s):
1. Rising edge of third SYNC IN pulse required to terminate integration cycle
2. ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back to high again) before next integration cycle
1. Enable ADC_EN (= 1)
2. Set SYNC EDGE to 1
3. Set PARAM for desired SYNC PULSE COUNT
4. Set INTEG_MODE to 11b
5. Input N+1 external SYNC pulses
6. Disable SYNC and read channels
Figure 49:
Integrate Over Two Pulses (SYNC_EDGE 0b, INTEG_MODE 11b, PARAM Xb) Falling Edge
Note: ADC_EN must be toggled (i.e. from high to low and back to high again) before next integration cycle
1. Enable ADC_EN (= 1)
2. Set SYNC EDGE to 0
3. Set PARAM for desired SYNC PULSE COUNT
4. Set INTEG_MODE to 11b
5. Input N external SYNC pulse(s)
6. Disable SYNC and read channels
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 39
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
A synchronization input (SYNC IN) is supported to precisely
start/stop sensor integration and synchronize with the light
source. The TIMING Register (01h) provides two
synchronization modes of operation. The first mode of
operation synchronizes the SYNC IN pin for one integration
cycle as specified in the Timing Register (01h). When the rising
edge of the signal is detected, the TCS3404/14 begins
integration. The second mode accumulates a specified number
of SYNC IN pulses (see Timing Register (01h)) in which the
minimum pulse width is 50μs. A pulse counter is used to count
the rising and falling edges of the pulse(s) and precisely
integrate the light level when the SYNC IN pulse is high.
The following pseudo code illustrates a procedure for reading
the TCS3404/14 device using the synchronization feature:
// Synchronize one integration cycle
// See ”Basic Operation” to power−on and start device
// See ”Configuring the Timing Register” to setup environment
Address = 0x39
//Slave addr − also 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0x81
//Set Command bit and address Timing Register
Data = 0x21
//Sync one 100ms integration period
//External SYNC IN pulse initiates 100ms integration
Sleep (100)
// See ”Basic Operation” to read Data Registers using Byte or Word Protocol
// Synchronize N number of SYNC IN pulses
// See ”Basic Operation” to power−on and start device
// See ”Configuring the Timing Register” to setup environment
Address = 0x39
//Slave addr − also 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0x81
//Set Command bit and address Timing Register
Data = 0x30
//Integrate one SYNC IN pulse
//External SYNC IN pulse synchronizes integration
// See ”Basic Operation” to read Data Registers using Byte or Word Protocol
Page 40
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
Interrupts
The interrupt feature of the TCS3404/14 device simplifies and
improves system efficiency by eliminating the need to poll the
sensor for a light intensity value. Interrupt mode is determined
by the INTR field in the Interrupt Control Register. The interrupt
feature may be disabled by writing a field value of 00h to the
Interrupt Control Register (02h) so that polling can be
performed.
The versatility of the interrupt feature provides many options
for interrupt configuration and usage. The primary purpose of
the interrupt function is to signal a meaningful change in light
intensity. However, it also be used as an end-of-conversion
signal. The concept of a meaningful change can be defined by
the user both in terms of light intensity and time, or persistence,
of that change in intensity. The TCS3404/14 device implements
two 16-bit-wide interrupt threshold registers that allow the
user to define thresholds above and below a desired light level.
An interrupt will then be generated when the value of a
conversion exceeds either of these limits. For simplicity of
programming, the threshold comparison uses the Interrupt
Source Register (03h) to select which ADC channel
(1 through 4) to generate the interrupt. This simplifies
calculation of thresholds that are based on a percent of the
current light level. For example, it is adequate to use only one
channel (e.g. green channel) when calculating light intensity
differences since, for a given light source, channel values are
linearly proportional to each other and thus each value scales
linearly with light intensity.
To further control when an interrupt occurs, the TCS3404/14
device provides an interrupt persistence feature. This feature
allows the user to specify the length in time of the number of
consecutive ADC channel values for which a light intensity
exceeding either interrupt threshold must persist before
actually generating an interrupt. This can be used to prevent
transient changes in light intensity from generating an
unwanted interrupt. See Figure 38 regarding the number of
timer values provided.
Two different interrupt styles are available: Level and SMBus
Alert. The difference between these two interrupt styles is how
they are cleared. Both result in the interrupt line going active
low and remaining low until the interrupt is cleared. A level style
interrupt is cleared by setting the Interrupt Clear field in the
COMMAND register to 11b. The SMBus Alert style interrupt is
cleared by an Alert Response as described in the Interrupt
Control Register section and SMBus specification.
To configure the interrupt as an end−of−conversion signal so
that every ADC integration cycle generates an interrupt, the
interrupt PERSIST field in the Interrupt Control Register (02h) is
set to 000b. Either Level or SMBus Alert style can be used.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 41
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Software
An interrupt will be generated upon completion of each
conversion. The interrupt threshold registers are ignored. The
following example illustrates the configuration of a level
interrupt:
// Set up end−of−conversion interrupt, Level style
Address = 0x39
//Slave address − alternatively 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0x83
//Interrupt Source Register
Data = 0x01
//Select Channel 2
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
Command = 0x82
//Address Interrupt Register
Data = 0x10
//Level style, every ADC cycle
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
The following example pseudo code illustrates the
configuration of an SMB-Alert style interrupt when the light
intensity changes 20% from the current value, and persists for
2.5 seconds:
//Assume Interrupt Source as Channel 1
//Read current light level
Address = 0x39
//Slave address − alternatively 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0xB0
//Set Command bit and SMBus Word read
ReadWord (Address, Command, DataLow, DataHigh)
Channel1 = (256 * DataHigh) + DataLow
//Calculate upper and lower thresholds
T_Upper = Channel1 + (0.2 * Channel1)
T_Lower = Channel1 − (0.2 * Channel1)
//Write the lower threshold register
Command = 0xA8
//Address lower threshold register, set Word Bit
WriteWord (Address, Command, T_Lower.LoByte, T_Lower.HiByte)
//Write the upper threshold register
Command = 0xAA
//Address upper threshold register, set Word bit
WriteWord (Address, Command, T_Upper.LoByte, T_Upper.HiByte)
//Enable interrupt
Command = 0x82
//Address interrupt register
Data = 0x24
//SMBAlert style, Persist 2.5 seconds
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
In order to generate an interrupt on demand during system test
or debug, a test mode (INTR = 11) can be used. The following
example illustrates how to generate an interrupt on demand:
// Generate an interrupt
Address = 0x39
//Slave address alternately 0x29 or 0x49
Command = 0x82
//Address Interrupt Control Register
Data = 0x30
//Test interrupt
WriteByte (Address, Command, Data)
//Interrupt line should now be low
Page 42
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Hardware
Application Information:
Hardware
Power Supply Decoupling and Application
Hardware Circuit
The power supply lines must be decoupled with a 0.1 μF
capacitor placed as close to the device package as possible
(Figure 50). The bypass capacitor should have low effective
series resistance (ESR) and low effective series inductance (ESI),
such as the common ceramic types, which provide a low
impedance path to ground at high frequencies to handle
transient currents caused by internal logic switching.
Figure 50:
Bus Pull-Up Resistors
VBUS
VDD
0.1 F
RP
RP
RPI
TCS3404/14
INT
SCL
SDA
Pull-up resistors (R P) maintain the SDA and SCL lines at a high
level when the bus is free and ensure the signals are pulled up
from a low to a high level within the required rise time. For a
complete description of I 2C maximum and minimum R P values,
please review the NXP I 2C design specification at
www.i2c-bus.org/references.
A pull-up resistor (R PI) is also required for the interrupt (INT),
which functions as a wired-AND signal in a similar fashion to
the SCL and SDA lines. A typical impedance value between 10kΩ
and 100kΩ can be used. Please note that while the figure above
shows INT being pulled up to V DD, the interrupt can optionally
be pulled up to V BUS.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 43
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Application Information: Hardware
PCB Pad Layout for CS Package
Suggested PCB pad layout guidelines for the CS package are
shown in Figure 51.
Figure 51:
Suggested CS Package PCB Layout
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
PCB Pad Layout for FN Package
Suggested PCB pad layout guidelines for the Dual Flat No-Lead
(FN) surface mount package are shown in Figure 52.
Figure 52:
Suggested FN Package PCB Layout
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Page 44
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 53:
Package CS - Six-Lead Chipscale Packaging Configuration
TOP VIEW
2095
1565
10
1875
350
10
PHOTODIODE ARRAY
END VIEW
405 20
685 45
RoHS
Green
6 160 30
BOTTOM VIEW
CL of Photodiode
Array Area
CL of Solder Bumps
128 Nominal
6
300 30
463 30
CL of Solder Bumps and
Photodiode Array Area
950
Nominal
438 30
610 Nominal
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in micrometers. Dimension tolerance is ±25μm unless otherwise noted.
2. Solder bumps are formed of Sn (96.5%), Ag (3%), and Cu (0.5%).
3. The layer above the photodiode is glass and epoxy with an index of refraction of 1.53.
4. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 45
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 54:
Package FN - Dual Flat No-Lead Packaging Configuration
PACKAGE FN
Dual Flat No-Lead
TOP VIEW
PIN OUT
TOP
VIEW
350 10
PIN 1
SCL 1
1565
10
3000
100
3000
100
6 GND
SYNC 2
5 Vdd
SDA 3
4 INT
PHOTODIODE ARRAY
END VIEW
SIDE VIEW
295
Nominal
650 50
203 8
950
BOTTOM VIEW
CL of Photodiode
Array Area
(Note )
300
50
CL of Solder Contacts
128 Nominal
CL of Solder Contacts and
Photodiode Array Area (Note )
RoHS
PIN 1
950 150
Green
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in micrometers. Dimension tolerance is ±20μm unless otherwise noted.
2. The die is centered within the package within a tolerance of ±3 mils.
3. Package top surface is molded with an electrically nonconductive clear plastic compound having an index of refraction of 1.55.
4. Contact finish is copper alloy A194 with pre-plated NiPdAu lead finish.
5. This package contains no lead (Pb).
6. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Page 46
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 55:
Package CS Carrier Tape
TOP VIEW
2.00 0.05
1.75
4.00
8.00
1.50
4.00
B
+ 0.30
− 0.10
3.50 0.05
A
B
A
DETAIL A
DETAIL B
5 Max
5 Max
2.12 0.05
0.254
0.02
Ao
1.02 0.05
2.30 0.05
Ko
Bo
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Dimension tolerance is ±0.10mm unless otherwise noted.
2. The dimensions on this drawing are for illustrative purposes only. Dimensions of an actual carrier may vary slightly.
3. Symbols on drawing Ao, Bo, and Ko are defined in ANSI EIA Standard 481-B 2001.
4. Each reel is 178 millimeters in diameter and contains 3500 parts.
5. Ams packaging tape and reel conform to the requirements of EIA Standard 481-B.
6. In accordance with EIA standard, device pin 1 is located next to the sprocket holes in the tape
7. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 47
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 56:
Package FN Carrier Tape
TOP VIEW
2.00 0.05
1.75
4.00
B
+ 0.30
− 0.10
8.00
1.50
4.00
3.50 0.05
A
B
A
DETAIL B
DETAIL A
12 Max
10 Max
3.30
0.254
0.02
Ao
0.80
3.30
Ko
Bo
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Dimension tolerance is ±0.10mm unless otherwise noted.
2. The dimensions on this drawing are for illustrative purposes only. Dimensions of an actual carrier may vary slightly.
3. Symbols on drawing Ao, Bo, and Ko are defined in ANSI EIA Standard 481-B 2001.
4. Each reel is 178 millimeters in diameter and contains 3500 parts.
5. Ams packaging tape and reel conform to the requirements of EIA Standard 481-B.
6. In accordance with EIA standard, device pin 1 is located next to the sprocket holes in the tape
7. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Page 48
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Manufacturing Information
Manufacturing Information
The CS and FN packages have been tested and has
demonstrated an ability to be reflow soldered to a PCB
substrate.
The solder reflow profile describes the expected maximum heat
exposure of components during the solder reflow process of
product on a PCB. Temperature is measured on top of
component. The components should be limited to a maximum
of three passes through this solder reflow profile.
Figure 57:
Solder Reflow Profile
Parameter
Reference
Average temperature gradient in preheating
TCS3404/14
2.5°C/s
tsoak
2 to 3 minutes
Time above 217°C (T1)
t1
Max 60s
Time above 230°C (T2)
t2
Max 50s
Time above Tpeak -10°C (T3)
t3
Max 10s
Peak temperature in reflow
Tpeak
260° C (-0°C/5°C)
Soak time
Temperature gradient in cooling
Max -5°C/s
Figure 58:
Solder Reflow Profile Graph
Tpeak
Not to scale — for reference only
T3
T2
Temperature (C)
T1
Time (s)
(sec)
t3
t2
tsoak
t1
Note(s):
1. Not to scale - for reference only.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 49
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Manufacturing Information
Moisture Sensitivity
Optical characteristics of the device can be adversely affected
during the soldering process by the release and vaporization of
moisture that has been previously absorbed into the package
molding compound. To ensure the package molding
compound contains the smallest amount of absorbed moisture
possible, each device is dry-baked prior to being packed for
shipping. Devices are packed in a sealed aluminized envelope
with silica gel to protect them from ambient moisture during
shipping, handling, and storage before use.
CS Package
The CS package has been assigned a moisture sensitivity level
of MSL 2 and the devices should be stored under the following
conditions:
• Temperature Range: 5°C to 50°C
• Relative Humidity: 60% maximum
• Floor Life: 1 year out of bag at ambient < 30°C / 60% RH
Rebaking will be required if the aluminized envelope has been
open for more than 1 year. If rebaking is required, it should be
done at 50°C for 12 hours.
FN Package
The FN package has been assigned a moisture sensitivity level
of MSL 3 and the devices should be stored under the following
conditions:
• Temperature Range: 5°C to 50°C
• Relative Humidity: 60% maximum
• Total Time: 12 months from the date code on the
aluminized envelope - if unopened
• Opened Time: 168 hours or fewer
Rebaking will be required if the devices have been stored
unopened for more than 12 months or if the aluminized
envelope has been open for more than 168 hours. If rebaking
is required, it should be done at 50°C for 12 hours.
Page 50
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Ordering & Contact Information
Ordering & Contact Information
Figure 59:
Ordering Information
Device
Interface
I2C Address
Package - Leads
Package
Designator
Ordering
Number
TCS3404
SMBus
-
Chipscale - 6
CS
TCS3404CS
TCS3404
SMBus
-
Dual Flat No-Lead - 6
FN
TCS3404FN
TCS3413
I2C
0x29
Chipscale - 6
CS
TCS3413CS
TCS3413
I2C
0x29
Dual Flat No-Lead - 6
FN
TCS3413FN
TCS3414 (1)
I2C
0x39
Chipscale - 6
CS
TCS3414CS
TCS3414 (1)
I2C
0x39
Dual Flat No-Lead - 6
FN
TCS3414FN
TCS3415
I2C
0x49
Chipscale - 6
CS
TCS3415CS
TCS3415
I2C
0x49
Dual Flat No-Lead - 6
FN
TCS3415FN
TCS3416
I2C
0x59
Chipscale - 6
CS
TCS3416CS
TCS3416
I2C
0x59
Dual Flat No-Lead - 6
FN
TCS3416FN
Note(s):
1. Recommended device for single-device systems
Buy our products or get free samples online at:
www.ams.com/ICdirect
Technical Support is available at:
www.ams.com/Technical-Support
Provide feedback about this document at:
www.ams.com/Document-Feedback
For further information and requests, e-mail us at:
ams_sales@ams.com
For sales offices, distributors and representatives, please visit:
www.ams.com/contact
Headquarters
ams AG
Tobelbaderstrasse 30
8141 Unterpremstaetten
Austria, Europe
Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0
Website: www.ams.com
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 51
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement
RoHS Compliant & ams Green
Statement
RoHS: The term RoHS compliant means that ams AG products
fully comply with current RoHS directives. Our semiconductor
products do not contain any chemicals for all 6 substance
categories, including the requirement that lead not exceed
0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to
be soldered at high temperatures, RoHS compliant products are
suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
ams Green (RoHS compliant and no Sb/Br): ams Green
defines that in addition to RoHS compliance, our products are
free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants
(Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous
material).
Important Information: The information provided in this
statement represents ams AG knowledge and belief as of the
date that it is provided. ams AG bases its knowledge and belief
on information provided by third parties, and makes no
representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such
information. Efforts are underway to better integrate
information from third parties. ams AG has taken and continues
to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate
information but may not have conducted destructive testing or
chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ams AG
and ams AG suppliers consider certain information to be
proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
Page 52
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ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Copyrights & Disclaimer
Copyrights & Disclaimer
Copyright ams AG, Tobelbader Strasse 30, 8141
Unterpremstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered. All
rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced,
adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior
written consent of the copyright owner.
Devices sold by ams AG are covered by the warranty and patent
indemnification provisions appearing in its General Terms of
Trade. ams AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied,
or by description regarding the information set forth herein.
ams AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices
at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing
this product into a system, it is necessary to check with ams AG
for current information. This product is intended for use in
commercial applications. Applications requiring extended
temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or
high reliability applications, such as military, medical
life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not
recommended without additional processing by ams AG for
each application. This product is provided by ams AG “AS IS”
and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
ams AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any
damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property
damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or
indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any
kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing,
performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation
or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out
of ams AG rendering of technical or other services.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 53
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Document Status
Document Status
Document Status
Product Preview
Preliminary Datasheet
Datasheet
Datasheet (discontinued)
Page 54
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Product Status
Definition
Pre-Development
Information in this datasheet is based on product ideas in
the planning phase of development. All specifications are
design goals without any warranty and are subject to
change without notice
Pre-Production
Information in this datasheet is based on products in the
design, validation or qualification phase of development.
The performance and parameters shown in this document
are preliminary without any warranty and are subject to
change without notice
Production
Information in this datasheet is based on products in
ramp-up to full production or full production which
conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of
ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of
Trade
Discontinued
Information in this datasheet is based on products which
conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of
ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of
Trade, but these products have been superseded and
should not be used for new designs
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
TCS3404, TCS3414 − Revision Information
Revision Information
Changes from 137A (2011-Apr) to current revision 1-00 (2015-Nov-11)
Page
Content of TAOS datasheet was converted to the latest ams design
Added benefits to the Key Features
2
Modified the command for Ch4 lower data register from 0xB8 to 0xB6
33
Note(s):
1. Page and figure numbers for the previous version may differ from page and figure numbers in the current revision.
2. Correction of typographical errors is not explicitly mentioned.
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
Page 55
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TCS3404, TCS3414 − Content Guide
Content Guide
Page 56
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1
2
3
3
3
General Description
Key Benefits & Features
Applications
End Products and Market Segments
Block Diagram
4
5
6
10
11
Pin Assignments
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Electrical Characteristics
Parameter Measurement Information
Typical Operating Characteristics
15
15
15
16
16
21
22
23
24
26
28
28
29
31
32
Principles of Operation
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Digital Interface
Interrupt
SMBus and I2C Protocols
Register Set
Command Register
Control Register (00h)
Timing Register (01h)
Interrupt Control Register (02h)
Interrupt Source Register (03h)
ID Register (04h)
Gain Register (07h)
Interrupt Threshold Register (08h - 0Bh)
ADC Channel Data Registers (10h - 17h)
33
33
35
36
41
Application Information: Software
Basic Operation
Configuring the Timing Register
Synchronization
Interrupts
43
43
44
44
Application Information: Hardware
Power Supply Decoupling and Application Hardware
Circuit
PCB Pad Layout for CS Package
PCB Pad Layout for FN Package
45
Packaging Mechanical Data
49
50
50
50
Manufacturing Information
Moisture Sensitivity
CS Package
FN Package
51
52
53
54
55
Ordering & Contact Information
RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement
Copyrights & Disclaimer
Document Status
Revision Information
ams Datasheet
[v1-00] 2015-Nov-11
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