V E R S I O N 2.0
Technical Support:
Phone: 800.492.2320
E-mail: wireless.support@lairdtech.com
Web: www.aerocomm.com/
Sales:
Phone: 800.492.2320
E-mail: wireless.sales@lairdtech.com
Web: www.aerocomm.com
Document Information
Copyright © 2008 AeroComm, Inc. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this manual and the accompanying software programs are copyrighted and all rights are
reserved by AeroComm, Inc. AeroComm, Inc. reserves the right to make periodic modifications of this product without
obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision. Copying, duplicating, selling, or otherwise distributing any
part of this product or accompanying documentation/software without the prior consent of an authorized
representative of AeroComm, Inc. is strictly prohibited.
All brands and product names in this publication are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
This material is preliminary
Information furnished by AeroComm in this specification is believed to be accurate. Devices sold by AeroComm are
covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. AeroComm makes
no warranty, express, statutory, and implied or by description, regarding the information set forth herein. AeroComm
reserves the right to change specifications at any time and without notice.
AeroComm’s products are intended for use in normal commercial and industrial applications. Applications requiring
unusual environmental requirements such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically
not recommended without additional testing for such application.
Limited Warranty, Disclaimer, Limitation of Liability
For a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase by the OEM customer, AeroComm warrants the OEM
transceiver against defects in materials and workmanship. AeroComm will not honor this warranty (and this warranty
will be automatically void) if there has been any (1) tampering, signs of tampering; 2) repair or attempt to repair by
anyone other than an AeroComm authorized technician.
This warranty does not cover and AeroComm will not be liable for, any damage or failure caused by misuse, abuse,
acts of God, accidents, electrical irregularity, or other causes beyond AeroComm’s control, or claim by other than the
original purchaser.
In no event shall AeroComm be responsible or liable for any damages arising: From the use of product; From the loss
of use, revenue or profit of the product; or As a result of any event, circumstance, action, or abuse beyond the control
of AeroComm, whether such damages be direct, indirect, consequential, special or otherwise and whether such
damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or third party.
If, after inspection, AeroComm determines that there is a defect, AeroComm will repair or replace the OEM transceiver
at their discretion. If the product is replaced, it may be a new or refurbished product.
Revision History
Revision
Description
Version 1.0
7/21/06 - Initial Release Version
Version 1.1
7/25/06 - Updated Pin definitions, corrected status request
command to display 0x00 as firmware version, updated CC 08,
CC 21 and EEPROM byte write commands. Corrected PAN ID
EEPROM address to address 0x78.
Updated Future
Enhancements section.
Version 1.2
9/15/06 - Changed Reset to active Low. Changed pin 20 to
Sleep pin and is active Low. Added second mechanical
drawing.
Version 1.3
1/18/07 - Corrected Read Temperature command.
Version 1.4
7/6/07 - Internal Release.
Version 1.5
7/17/07 - Added pinout for pluggable module.
Version 1.6
8/24/07 - Added API command set. Added Neighbor, Route, &
Radio Table commands. Added Energy scan command. Added
NV with soft reset command. Added static network parameters
information. Updated Broadcast section. Updated Serial
Interface section. Updated Channel Mask section. Added
power-down modes.
Corrected status request response.
Added MAC retries to EEPROM parameter list.
Version 1.7
Corrected Read Channel Command (was CC 02 00; changed to
CC 02)
Version 1.8
12/17/07 - Updated Compliancy Information. Added approval for
ZB2430-D. Updated Approved Antenna List.
Version 1.9
1/4/08 - Added new EEPROM parameters for firmware version
1.6 - End Device poll rate, Parent Hold Message, End Device
Wake Time, End Device Wake Poll rate, Stop Bit Delay, Modify
Wake upon RX, Reload Sleep, NV Restore enable/disable, &
RS485 DE/RE.
Version 2.0
3/1/08- Updated ZB2430 Features, Updated Current Draw for
High Power module, Updated RF Packet Size in RX Data Buffer
and CTS, Updated Read Digital Input, Updated Read ADC,
Updated Write Digital Output, Removed Discover 16-bit NWK
Address command, Added Read Voltage cmd, Added Restore
Default cmd, Added End-to-End Retries to EEPROM Parameters
Table, Updated CTS On/Off Thresholds, Updated Read
Neighbor Table Command
C o n te n ts
ZB2430 TRANSCEIVER MODULE 1
ZB2430 Features 1
Overview 1
CONFIGURING THE ZB2430 28
AT Commands 29
On-the-Fly Control Commands 29
Command Descriptions 31
SPECIFICATIONS 2
Pin Definitions 4
HARDWARE INTERFACE 6
Pin Definitions 6
Generic I/O 6
RXD and TXD 6
Test/Sleep Int. 6
UP_Reset 6
Command/Data 6
In Range 6
RTS Handshaking* 6
CTS Handshaking 7
Sleep Ind. 7
AD In 7
TERMS & DEFINITIONS 8
THEORY OF OPERATION 11
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee Overview 11
Creating a Network 12
Mesh 12
Parent/Child Relationship 13
Network Limitations 14
Maximum Network Depth 14
Maximum Number of Children per Parent 15
ZigBee Addressing 15
16-bit Network Address 15
64-bit MAC address 16
Mesh Routing (AODV) 16
Coordinator Addressing 18
Broadcast Transmissions 18
SERIAL INTERFACE 20
Interface Modes 20
Transparent Mode 20
API Mode 20
Serial Interface Baud Rate 21
Interface Timeout / RF Packet Size 22
Flow Control 22
RXD Data Buffer and CTS 23
TXD Data Buffer and RTS 23
Networking 24
Power Down Modes 26
Cyclic Sleep 26
Deep Sleep 26
EEPROM PARAMETERS 37
API OPERATION 41
API Transmit Packet 41
API Send Data Complete 41
API Receive Packet 42
ZB2430 ADDRESSING 43
ADVANCED NETWORK COMMANDS 45
Read Neighbor Table 45
Read Route Table 47
Perform Scan 49
Read Radio Table 51
DIMENSIONS 53
ZB2430 Mechanical 53
ORDERING INFORMATION 54
Product Part Numbers 54
COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 55
Agency Identification Numbers 55
Approved antenna List 55
FCC / IC Requirements for Modular Approval 55
OEM Equipment Labeling Requirements 56
Antenna Requirements 56
Warnings required in OEM Manuals 56
Channel Warning 56
ZB2430 T RANSCEIVER M ODULE
1
AeroComm’s ZB2430 module is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless communication standard and the robust ZigBee
networking protocol and is one of the most powerful ZigBee compliant solutions on the market today. The ZB2430
provides OEMs with industry leading 2.4 GHz module performance in low power consumption, easy integration, long
range, and superior features and functionality. Requiring no additional FCC licensing in the Americas, OEMs can
easily make existing systems wireless with little or no RF expertise.
ZB2430 FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mesh architecture
Energy harvester compatible
Retries and Acknowledgements
Programmable Network Parameters
Multiple generic I/O
250 kbps RF data stream
Software selectable interface baud rates from 110 bps to 115.2 kbps
Non-standard baud rates supported
Low cost, low power and small size ideal for high volume, portable and battery powered
applications
• All modules are qualified for Industrial temperatures (-40°C to 80°C)
• Advanced configuration available using AT commands
• Easy to use Configuration & Test Utility software
OVERVIEW
The ZB2430 is a member of AeroComm's FlexRF OEM transceiver family. The ZB2430 is a cost effective, high
performance, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) transceiver; designed for integration into OEM systems
operating under FCC part 15.247 regulations for the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
To boost data integrity and security, the ZB2430 uses DSSS technology featuring optional Advanced-Encryption
Standards (AES)1. Fully transparent, these transceivers operate seamlessly in serial cable replacement applications.
Communications include both system and configuration data via an asynchronous serial interface for OEM Host
communications. All association and RF system data transmission/reception is performed by the transceiver.
This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between an AeroComm ZB2430
transceiver and an OEM Host. Information includes the theory of operation, specifications, interface definitions,
configuration information and mechanical drawings.
Note: Unless mentioned specifically by name, the ZB2430 modules will be referred to as "radio" or "transceiver".
Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features. The host (PC/Microcontroller/Any device to which
the ZB2430 module is connected) will be referred to as "OEM Host" or “Host.”
1.Feature not available at the time of this release.
www.aerocomm.com
2
S PECIFICATIONS
Table 1: ZB2430 Specifications
General
Interface Connector
SMT or Pluggable
Antenna
Chip antenna (p/n Laird MAF95029) or U.FL connector
Serial Interface Data Rate
Baud rates from 110 bps to 115,200 bps. Non-standard baud rates are also supported.
Channels
ZB2430-D: 15 Direct Sequence Channels
ZB2430-Q: 15 Direct Sequence Channels
Security
Channelization, Network Identification and optional 128-bit AES encryption1
Transceiver
Frequency Band
2400 - 2483.5 MHz
Channel Bandwidth
3 MHz
Channel Spacing
5 MHz
RF Data Rate (Raw)
250 kbps
Max Throughput
64kbps
RF Technology
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Modulation
0-QPSK
Output Power EIRP (2dBi gain antenna)
ZB2430-D: -12 dBm to +5 dBm
ZB2430-Q : +2 dBm to +20 dBm
Supply Voltage
3.0 - 3.5V, ±50mV ripple
Current Draw (mA)
Note: Power down modes are not supported on
Coordinator & Router devices.
100% TX
25 mA
140 mA
ZB2430-D:
ZB2430-Q:
100% RX
27 mA
44 mA
Cyclic Sleep
0.5 uA
7.6 uA
Sensitivity (1% PER)
ZB2430-D:-90 dBm typical
ZB2430-Q:-100 dBm typical
Range, Line of Site (based on 2dBi gain antenna)
ZB2430-D: Up to 440 ft.
ZB2430-Q: Up to 440 ft. at +2 dBm / Up to 3.5 miles at +20 dBm
Environmental
Temperature (Operating)
-40°C to 85°C
Temperature (Storage)
-50°C to +85°C
Physical
Dimensions
1.0” x 1.35” x 0.22” (25.4 x 34.3 x 5.5 mm)
www.aerocomm.com
Deep Sleep
0.5 uA
7.6 uA
SPECIFICATIONS
ZB2430 User’s Manual - v1.6
Table 1: ZB2430 Specifications
Certifications
FCC Part 15.247
ZB2430-D: KQL-ZB2430D
ZB2430-Q:KQL-ZB2430-100
Industry Canada (IC)
ZB2430-D: 2268C-ZB2430D
ZB2430-Q:2268C-ZB2430
CE
ZB2430-D:Approved
ZB2430-Q:Pending
1. Feature not available at the time of this release.
www.aerocomm.com
3
4
SPECIFICATIONS
PIN DEFINITIONS
The ZB2430 has a simple interface that allows OEM Host communications with the transceiver. Table 2 below shows
the connector pin numbers and associated functions.
Table 2: Pin Definitions for the ZB2430 transceiver
SMT Pin
Pluggable
Pin
Type
Signal Name
1
4
O
GIO_0
Generic Output Pin
2
6
O
GIO_1
Generic Output Pin
3
8
4
7
I
GI0_2/ DE-RE
Generic Input pin
5
19
I
GIO_3 / AD_0
Has Internal connection. Reserved for future GPIO.
6
3
I
RXD
Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver
7
2
O
TXD
Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver
8
10
GND
GND
Signal Ground
9
1
PWR
VCC
3.0 - 3.5 V ±50mV ripple (must be connected)
10
-
PWR
VPA
3.0 - 3.5 V ±50mV ripple (must be connected)1
11
-
GND
GND
Signal Ground
12
9
I
Test / Sleep Int.
Do not Connect
Function
Has internal connection, for Aerocomm use only.
Test Mode – When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting, the
transceiver’s serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8-N-1 rate. To exit Test mode,
the transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with Test Mode pulled logic
High or disconnected
Note: Because this mode disables some modes of operation, it should not be
permanently pulled Low during normal operation.
Sleep mode interrupt - When logic Low, forces End Device to wake up from
sleep mode. When logic High, allows End Device to sleep and wake-up
according to specified poll rate. Sleep mode interrupt function available on
End Devices only.
13
18
I/O
GIO_4 / AD_1
Has Internal connection. Reserved for future GPIO.
14
5
I
UP_Reset
RESET – Controlled by the ZB2430 for power-on reset if left unconnected.
After a stable power-on reset, a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver.
15
11
I
CMD/Data
When logic Low, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as command data.
When logic High or floating, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data.
16
20
O
In Range
When logic Low, the transceiver is associated with a parent and has been
assigned a 16-bit Network Address. The Coordinator will report In Range after
selecting a clear channel to operate.
17
16
I
RTS
Request to Send – When enabled in EEPROM, the OEM Host can take this
High when it is not ready to accept data from the transceiver. NOTE: Keeping
RTS High for too long can cause data loss due to buffer overflow.2
SPECIFICATIONS
ZB2430 User’s Manual - v1.6
Table 2: Pin Definitions for the ZB2430 transceiver
SMT Pin
Pluggable
Pin
Type
Signal Name
18
12
O
CTS
19
14
I/O
GIO_8 / AD_5
20
13
O
Sleep Ind.
21
17
I/O
GIO_6 / AD_3
Has Internal connection. Reserved for future GPIO.
22
15
I
GIO_7 / AD_4
Has Internal connection. Reserved for future GPIO.
Function
Clear to Send - Active Low when the transceiver is ready to accept data for
transmission. High when input buffer is filling. Contining to send data when
CTS is high can cause buffer overflow and the loss of data.
Has Internal connection. Reserved for future GPIO.
Sleep mode indicator. When logic Low, transceiver is in sleep mode. When
logic High, transceiver is awake.
1. May be left disconnected on ZB2430-D devices.
2. Feature not implemented at time of release.
ENGINEER’S TIP
Design Notes:
• All I/O is 3.3V TTL.
• All inputs are weakly pulled High (20k) and may be left floating during normal operation.
When implemented, RTS will be weakly pulled Low.
• Minimum Connections: VCC, VPA, GND, TXD, & RXD.
• Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver.
• Unused pins should be left disconnected.
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5
H ARDWARE I NTERFACE
3
PIN DEFINITIONS
Generic I/O
Both GIn and GOn pins serve as generic input/output pins. Reading and writing of these pins can be performed onthe-fly using CC Commands.
RXD and TXD
The ZB2430 accepts 3.3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin. Data is sent
from the transceiver, at 3.3V levels, to the OEM Host via the TXD pin.
Test/Sleep Int.
Test Mode - When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting, the transceiver's serial interface is forced to
9600, 8-N-1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit): regardless of actual EEPROM setting. The interface timeout is also set
to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size of 0x54 (84 bytes). To exit, the transceiver must be reset or
power-cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected.
Note: Because this pin disables some modes of operation, it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal
operation.
Sleep Mode Interrupt - When logic Low, forces End Device to wake up from sleep mode. When logic High, allows End
Device to sleep and wake-up according to specified poll rate. Sleep Mode interrupt function available on End
Devices only.
UP_Reset
UP_Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the ZB2430 microprocessor and is used to force a soft
reset. For a valid reset, reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns.
Command/Data
When logic High, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers.
When logic Low, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data. When logic Low, data packets
from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be
received.
In Range
The In Range pin will be driven low when the radio is associated with a network. In Range will always be driven low on
a Coordinator.
RTS Handshaking*
With RTS mode disabled, the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received.
However, some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time. With RTS enabled, the
OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de-asserting RTS (High). Once RTS is re-asserted
(Low), the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received.
www.aerocomm.com
HARDWARE INTERFACE
ZB2430 User’s Manual - v1.6
Note: Leaving RTS de-asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver's receive buffer reaches
capacity.
*Feature not implemented at time of release.
CTS Handshaking
If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied, data loss will occur. The
transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is
emptied. CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is
High.
Sleep Ind.
Sleep Indicator output. Sleep Ind. can be used to determine whether or not the transceiver is sleeping. When logic
Low, the transceiver is in sleep mode. When logic High, the transceiver is awake.
AD In
AD In can be used as a cost savings to replace Analog-to-Digital converter hardware with the onboard 12-bit ADC.
Reading of this pin can be performed locally using the Read ADC command found in the On-the-Fly Control
Command Reference.
www.aerocomm.com
7
T ERMS & D EFINITIONS
4
Ad-Hoc Network: A wireless network composed of communicating devices without preexisting infrastructure.
Typically created in a spontaneous manner and is self-organizing and self-maintaining.
Association: The process of joining a ZigBee PAN. A device joins the Network by joining a Coordinator or Router
which has previously associated with the Network. Upon joining, the Parent device issues a 16-bit Network Address
to the device.
Broadcast: Broadcast packets are sent to multiple radios. The ZB2430 allows several different broadcast types
including broadcast to all devices & broadcast to Coordinator & all Routers.
Broadcast jitter: The random delay which is automatically introduced by a device before relaying a broadcast packet
to prevent packet collisions.
Channel: The frequency selected for data communications within the PAN. The channel is selected by the Network
Coordinator on power-up.
Channel Mask: The Channel Mask is a 32-bit field which specifies the range of allowable channels that the radio has
to select from when choosing an RF channel. Valid only when Channel Select mode is enabled in EEPROM.
Clear Channel Assessment: An evaluation of the communication channel prior to a transmission to determine if the
channel is currently occupied.
Energy Scan: A sweep of the entire frequency band which reports noise readings on every channel & is also capable
of detecting Coordinators and reporting their Channel location.
FFD: Full Function Device. The Network Coordinator & Routers are examples of FFD’s.
IEEE 802.15.4: IEEE standard for Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN’s). Specifies the physical
interface between ZigBee devices.
MAC Address: A unique 64-bit address assigned to each radio. This address cannot be modified and never changes.
It is used by the network to identify the device when assigning 16-bit Network Addresses.
Maximum Network Depth: The maximum number or Routers (hops) that a device can be away from the Coordinator.
The current profile limit is 5.
Maximum Number of Routers: The total number of children that can serve as Routers for a Network device. The
current profile limit is 6.
www.aerocomm.com
TE R M S & D E F I N I T I O N S
ZB2430 User’s Manual - v1.6
Maximum Number of Children: The total number of children that can be associated with a single Network device. The
current profile limit is 20; comprising of up to 6 Routers and 14 End Devices.
Mesh Network: An interconnection of nodes where nodes are permitted to transmit data directly to any other node.
Neighbor Table: A table used by the Coordinator and Router(s) to keep track of other devices operating in the same
coverage area.
Network Address: The unique 16-bit address assigned to a device upon joining a PAN. This address is used for
routing messages between devices and can be different each time a device is powered on. The Network Coordinator
will always have a Network Address of 0x0000. Note that addresses are not assigned in numerical order.
Operating Channel: The specific frequency selected for data communications. The operating channel is determined
by the Coordinator on power-up.
Orphan Device: A device which has lost communication contact with or information about its Parent device.
PAN: Personal Area Network. Includes a Network Coordinator and one or more Routers/End Devices. The Network
formation is determined by the Maximum Network Depth, Maximum Number of Routers, and Maximum Number of
Children.
PAN ID: Similar to a Network ID. Devices which are operating with different PAN ID’s will not be associated to the
same network.
Parent/Child: When a device joins the Network, it becomes a child of the device with which it is associated. Similarly,
the device with which it associated becomes its parent device. Network devices can have multiple children, but only
one parent. End Devices cannot be parents and are always children of the Coordinator or a Router. The Coordinator
does not have a parent device.
POS: Personal Operating Space. The area within reception range of a specific device.
Profile: A collection of device descriptions, which together form a coorperative application. Devices utilizing different
profiles will only support very basic inter-communications. The ZB2430 uses a private profile as specified by
Aerocomm.
RFD: Reduced Function Device. The End Device is an example of an RFD.
Route Discovery: An operation using RREQ and RREP’s in which a ZigBee Coordinator or Router discovers a route to
a device outside its POS.
Route Reply (RREP): A ZigBee command used to reply to a Route Request command.
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9
10
TE R M S & D E F I N I T I O N S
Route Request (RREQ): A ZigBee command used to discover paths through the network over which messages may
be relayed.
Routing Table: A table in which the Coordinator or Router(s) store information required to participate in the routing of
data packets throughout the network. The entire route is not stored, only the first step in the route.
Star Network: A network employing a single, central device through which all communication between devices must
pass.
TX Cost: A counter of transmission successes/failures. TX Cost starts at 0x00, increments by one every time a packet
fails to be delivered, and decrements by one every time a packet is successfully delivered. TX Cost has a range
between 0x00 and 0x04.
Unicast: Unicast packets contain a destination address and are received by a single radio only. Unicast packets are
point-to-point and do not include Broadcast packets.
ZigBee Stack: A Network specification based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs). The ZB2430 uses the Z-Stack (designed by TI) v.1.4.2 and complies to the ZigBee 2006 specification.
ZigBee Alliance: An association of companies working together to create a low-cost, low power consumption, twoway wireless communications standard (http://www.zigbee.org).
T HEORY OF O PERATION
5
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZIGBEE OVERVIEW
The ZB2430 uses the ZigBee protocol stack, a network layer protocol which uses small, low power digital transceivers
based on the IEEE 802.15.4 hardware standard. The 802.15.4 standard is a specification for a cost-effective, low data
rate (