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      Grove - 16 Channel PWM Driver (PCA9685) The Grove - 16-Channel PWM Driver is based on NXP PCA9685, which is a 16Channel, 12 bit I2C PWM driver. This board can drive up to 16 servos with the external power supply. You can control this board with Arduino easily via the I2C Grove interface. In addition, you can use this board as a LED controller.   Feature    1 MHz Fast-mode Plus compatible I2C-bus  6 hardware address pins allow 62 PCA9685 devices to be connected to the same I2C-bus  Low standby current  Noise filter on SDA/SCL inputs   Specification Item Value  MCU Operating Voltage  3.3V / 5V  PWM Supply Voltage  2.3V ~ 5.5V  Tolerant Inputs  5.5V  Output Current on pin LEDn  25mA  Ground Supply Current  400mA  Operating temperature  ‐40～85Ԩ  Interface  I2C  I2C address  0x7f  Typical applications  Servos driver  RGB or RGBA LED driverHardware Overview Pin Out     Warning Hot swap is not supported, you may want to disconnect arduino from the power source before any replacement or change. Hardware Detail I2C Interface This board uses the I2C interface to allow the on-board MCU to communicate with the host computer. GND: connect this module to the system GND VCC: you can use 5V or 3.3V for this module SDA: I2C serial data SCL: I2C serial clock     Power In Provide 5V DC power for the servo. PWM Out There are 16 groups of Pins(1 - 16) on this board, each group of pins contains one PWM signal pin, one 5V power supply pin and one pin for ground.     Working Principle Platforms Supported Arduino Raspberry Pi  BeagleBone    Wio  LinkIt ONE          Getting Started Play With Arduino Hardware Materials required Seeeduino V4.2 Base Shield  Grove ‐ 16‐Channel PWM  Driver  LED          Note 1 Please plug the USB cable gently, otherwise you may damage the port. Please use the USB cable with 4 wires inside, the 2 wires cable can't transfer data. If you are not sure about the wire you have, you can click here to buy 2 Each Grove module comes with a Grove cable when you buy. In case you lose the Grove cable, you can click here to buy. 3 You also need prepare at least 2 jumper wires, in case you do not have, you can click here to buy.    Step 1. Connect red LED to GND and P1 by using dual-female jumper wires.  Step 2. Connect the Grove - 16-Channel PWM Driver to port I2C of Grove-Base Shield.    Step 2. Plug Grove - Base Shield into Seeeduino.  Step 3. Connect Seeeduino to PC via a USB cable. Note In this example for LED, as we are not using pin '5V' in output group we do not need to power up the power input port. If you want to use servo, you need to connect the 5V pin to the power pin of servo, and you need to offer external power for Power In port. If you want to use servo, you can connect as shown below: Software Attention If this is the first time you work with Arduino, we strongly recommend you to see Getting Started with Arduinobefore the start.      Step 1. Download the Grove-16-Channel_PWM_Driver-PCA9685 Library from Github.  Step 2. Refer to How to install library to install library for Arduino.  Step 3. Restart the Arduino IDE. Open the example, you can open it in the following three ways： a. Open it directly in the Arduino IDE via the path: File → Examples →Seeed_PCA9685 → led. b. Open it in your computer by click the basic_demo.ino which you can find in the folder XXXX\Arduino\libraries\Seeed_PCA9685\examples\led\led.ino, XXXX is the location you installed the Arduino IDE. c. Or, you can just click the icon in upper right corner of the code block to copy the following code into a new sketch in the Arduino IDE. 1#include "PCA9685.h" 2#include 3 4PCA9685 led; 5 6 7void setup() 8{     9 // join I2C bus (I2Cdev library doesn't do this automatically) 10 Wire.begin(); 11 Serial.begin(9600); 12 led.init(0x7f); 13 // Set freq to 100Hz, range from 24Hz~1526hz 14 led.setFrequency(100); 15 16 for (int i=1;i