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DRV8837C
SLVSD61A – JULY 2016 – REVISED JULY 2016
DRV8837C 1-A Low-Voltage H-Bridge Driver
1 Features
3 Description
•
The DRV8837C device provides an integrated motor
driver solution for cameras, consumer products, toys,
and other low-voltage or battery-powered motion
control applications. The device can drive one DC
motor or other devices like solenoids. The output
driver block consists of N-channel power MOSFETs
configured as an H-bridge to drive the motor winding.
An internal charge pump generates needed gate
drive voltages.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
H-Bridge Motor Driver
– Drives a DC Motor or Other Loads
– Low MOSFET On-Resistance: HS + LS 1 Ω
1-A Maximum Drive Current
0- to 11-V Operating Supply-Voltage Range
Standard PWM Interface (IN1/IN2)
Low-Power Sleep Mode With 120-nA Maximum
Sleep Current
– nSLEEP pin
Small Package and Footprint
– 8 WSON (With Thermal Pad)
– 2.0 × 2.0 mm
Protection Features
– VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
– Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
– Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
The DRV8837C device can supply up to 1 A of output
current. The device operates on a motor power
supply voltage from 0 to 11 V, and control logic can
operate on 1.8-V to 5-V rails.
The DRV8837C device has a PWM (IN/IN) input
interface.
Internal shutdown functions are provided for
overcurrent protection, short circuit protection,
undervoltage lockout, and overtemperature.
Device Information(1)
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
PART NUMBER
DRV8837C
Cameras
DSLR Lenses
Consumer Products
Toys
Robotics
Medical Devices
PACKAGE
WSON (8)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
2.00 mm × 2.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
DRV8837C Simplified Diagram
0 to 11 V
3.3 or 5.0 V
VCC
DRV8837C
PWM
1A
BDC
BLDC
Controller
H-Bridge PWM
Driver
nSLEEP
Protection
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
DRV8837C
SLVSD61A – JULY 2016 – REVISED JULY 2016
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
4
4
4
4
5
6
7
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Timing Requirements ................................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description .............................................. 8
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Overview ................................................................... 8
Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 8
Feature Description................................................... 9
Device Functional Modes........................................ 10
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 11
8.1 Application Information............................................ 11
8.2 Typical Application .................................................. 11
9
Power Supply Recommendations...................... 12
9.1 Bulk Capacitance .................................................... 12
10 Layout................................................................... 14
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 14
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 14
10.3 Power Dissipation ................................................. 14
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 15
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Documentation Support ........................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
15
15
15
15
15
15
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 15
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Original (July 2016) to Revision A
•
2
Page
Changed the device status from Product Preview to Production Data .................................................................................. 1
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
DSG Package
8-Pin WSON With Exposed Thermal Pad
Top View
VM
1
OUT1
2
OUT2
3
GND
4
Thermal
Pad
8
VCC
7
nSLEEP
6
IN1
5
IN2
Not to scale
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
POWER AND GROUND
GND
4
PWR
Device ground
This pin must be connected to the PCB ground.
VCC
8
PWR
Logic power supply
Bypass this pin to the GND pin with a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor rated for VCC.
VM
1
PWR
Motor power supply
Bypass this pin to the GND pin with a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor rated for VM.
IN1
6
I
IN1 input
IN2
5
I
IN2 input
nSLEEP
7
I
Sleep mode input
When this pin is in logic low, the device enters low-power sleep mode. The device operates
normally when this pin is logic high. The pin has an internal pulldown resistor to GND.
OUT1
2
O
OUT2
3
O
CONTROL
OUTPUT
Motor output
Connect this pin to the motor winding.
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2)
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Motor power-supply voltage
VM
–0.3
12
V
Logic power-supply voltage
VCC
–0.3
7
V
Control pin voltage
IN1, IN2, nSLEEP
–0.5
7
V
Peak drive current
OUT1, OUT2
Internally limited
A
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ
–40
150
ºC
Storage temperature, Tstg
–60
150
ºC
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network ground pin.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
Electrostatic
discharge
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1)
±4000
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101 (2)
±1000
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
MAX
VVM
Motor power-supply voltage
0
11
UNIT
V
VCC
Logic power-supply voltage
1.8
7
V
IOUT
Motor peak current
0
1
A
fPWM
Externally applied PWM frequency
0
250
VLOGIC
Logic level input voltage
0
5.5
V
TA
Operating ambient temperature
–40
85
°C
kHz
6.4 Thermal Information
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
DRV8837C
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
DSG (WSON)
UNIT
8 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
60.9
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
71.4
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
32.2
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
1.6
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
32.8
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
9.8
°C/W
(1)
4
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics
TA = 25°C, over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
POWER SUPPLIES (VM, VCC)
VVM
VM operating voltage
IVM
VM operating supply current
IVMQ
VM sleep mode supply current
VCC
VCC operating voltage
IVCC
VCC operating supply current
IVCCQ
VCC sleep mode supply current
0
11
V
40
100
μA
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
50 kHz PWM
0.8
1.5
mA
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
nSLEEP = 0
30
95
nA
7
V
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
No PWM
1.8
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
No PWM
300
500
μA
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
50 kHz PWM
0.7
1.5
mA
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3 V;
nSLEEP = 0
5
25
nA
0.25 × VCC
V
CONTROL INPUTS (IN1/PH, IN2/EN, nSLEEP)
VIL
Input logic-low voltage
VIH
Input logic-high voltage
VHYS
Input logic hysteresis
IIL
Input logic-low current
VINx = 0 V
IIH
Input logic-high current
VINx = 3.3 V
RPD
Pulldown resistance
0.5 × VCC
V
0.08 × VCC
–5
V
5
μA
50
μA
100
kΩ
1000
mΩ
MOTOR DRIVER OUTPUTS (OUT1, OUT2)
RDS(ON)
HS + LS FET on-resistance
VVM = 5 V; VCC = 3.3 V;
IO = 200 mA; TJ = 25°C
IOFF
Off-state leakage current
VOUTx = 0 V
–200
200
nA
1.7
V
1.8
V
PROTECTION CIRCUITS
VCC falling
VUVLO
VCC undervoltage lockout
IOCP
Overcurrent protection trip level
tDEG
Overcurrent deglitch time
1
μs
Overcurrent retry time
1
ms
tRETRY
TTSD
(1)
(1)
Thermal shutdown temperature
VCC rising
1.2
Die temperature TJ
150
A
160
180
°C
Not tested in production; limits are based on characterization data
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6.6 Timing Requirements
TA = 25°C, VVM = 5 V, VCC = 3 V, RL = 20 Ω
NO.
MIN
MAX
UNIT
1
t7
Output enable time
300
ns
2
t8
Output disable time
300
ns
3
t9
Delay time, INx high to OUTx high
160
ns
4
t10
Delay time, INx low to OUTx low
160
ns
5
t11
Output rise time
20
188
ns
6
t12
Output fall time
20
188
ns
—
twake
Wake time, nSLEEP rising edge to part active
30
μs
See Figure 1.
IN1
IN2
1
OUT1
2
4
z
z
3
OUT2
z
z
DRV8837C
80%
80%
OUTx
20%
20%
5
6
Figure 1. Input and Output Timing for DRV8837C
6
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6.7 Typical Characteristics
Plots generated using characterization data.
100
70
VCC Sleep Current (nA)
VM Sleep Current (nA)
65
60
55
50
45
40
80
60
40
20
35
30
-40
-20
VVM = 5 V
0
20
40
60
Ambient Temperature (qC)
80
0
-40
100
0.57
0.565
0.56
0.555
0.55
0.545
0.54
VVM = 5 V
0
20
40
60
Ambient Temperature (qC)
80
100
D002
VCC = 3 V
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.5
0.48
0.46
0.44
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Ambient Temperature (qC)
VVM = 5 V
Figure 4. VM Operating Current vs Ambient Temperature
100
0.58
D003
VCC = 3 V
80
Figure 3. VCC Sleep Current vs Ambient Temperature
VCC Operating Current, 50 KHz PWM (mA)
VM Operating Current, 50 kHz PWM (mA)
0.575
-20
0
20
40
60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
VVM = 5 V
VCC = 3 V
Figure 2. VM Sleep Current vs Ambient Temperature
0.535
-40
-20
D001
80
100
D004
VCC = 3 V
Figure 5. VCC Operating Current vs Ambient Temperature
2.75
VM = 2 V, VCC = 2 V
VM = 5 V, VCC = 3 V
VM = 11 V, VCC = 7 V
2.5
RDS(ON) HS+LS (:)
2.25
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
80
100
D005
Figure 6. HS + LS RDS(ON) vs Ambient Temperature
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The DRV8837C device is an H-bridge driver that can drive one DC motor or other devices like solenoids. The
outputs are controlled using a PWM interface (IN1/IN2).
A low-power sleep mode is included, which can be enabled using the nSLEEP pin.
This device greatly reduces the component count of motor driver systems by integrating the necessary driver
FETs and FET control circuitry into a single device. In addition, the DRV8837C device adds protection features
beyond traditional discrete implementations: undervoltage lockout, overcurrent protection, and thermal shutdown.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
VM
Power
VM
VM
Charge Pump
VCC
OUT1
Gate
Drive
VCC
Logic
nSLEEP
IN1
OUT2
Gate
Drive
Control Inputs
IN2
BDC
BDC
VM
Core Logic
Overcurrent
Undervoltage
Thermal
GND
PPAD
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7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Bridge Control
The DRV8837C device is controlled using a PWM input interface, also called an IN/IN interface. Each output is
controlled by a corresponding input pin.
Table 1 shows the logic for the DRV8837C device.
Table 1. DRV8837C Device Logic
nSLEEP
IN1
IN2
OUT1
OUT2
FUNCTION (DC MOTOR)
0
X
X
Z
Z
Coast
1
0
0
Z
Z
Coast
1
0
1
L
H
Reverse
1
1
0
H
L
Forward
1
1
1
L
L
Brake
7.3.2 Sleep Mode
If the nSLEEP pin is brought to a logic-low state, the DRV8837C device enters a low-power sleep mode. In this
state, all unnecessary internal circuitry is powered down.
7.3.3 Power Supplies and Input Pins
The input pins can be driven within the recommended operating conditions with or without the VCC, VM, or both
power supplies present. No leakage current path exists to the supply. Each input pin has a weak pulldown
resistor (approximately 100 kΩ) to ground.
The VCC and VM supplies can be applied and removed in any order. When the VCC supply is removed, the
device enters a low-power state and draws very little current from the VM supply. The VCC and VM pins can be
connected together if the supply voltage is between 1.8 and 7 V.
The VM voltage supply does not have any undervoltage-lockout protection (UVLO). As long as VCC > 1.8 V, the
internal device logic remains active which means that the VM pin voltage can drop to 0 V, however, the load may
not be sufficiently driven at low VM voltages.
7.3.4 Protection Circuits
The DRV8837C is fully protected against VCC undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature events.
VCC undervoltage lockout If at any time the voltage on the VCC pin falls below the undervoltage lockout
threshold voltage, all FETs in the H-bridge are disabled. Operation resumes when the VCC pin
voltage rises above the UVLO threshold.
Overcurrent protection (OCP) An analog current-limit circuit on each FET limits the current through the FET by
removing the gate drive. If this analog current limit persists for longer than tDEG, all FETs in the Hbridge are disabled. Operation resumes automatically after tRETRY has elapsed. Overcurrent
conditions are detected on both the high-side and low-side devices. A short to the VM pin, GND, or
from the OUT1 pin to theOUT2 pin results in an overcurrent condition.
Thermal shutdown (TSD) If the die temperature exceeds safe limits, all FETs in the H-bridge are disabled. After
the die temperature falls to a safe level, operation automatically resumes.
Table 2. Fault Behavior
FAULT
CONDITION
H-BRIDGE
RECOVERY
VCC undervoltage (UVLO)
VCC < 1.7 V
Disabled
VCC > 1.8 V
Overcurrent (OCP)
IOUT > 1.2 A (MIN)
Disabled (retries
automatically)
tRETRY elapses
Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
TJ > 150°C (MIN)
Disabled (retries
automatically)
TJ < 150°C
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7.4 Device Functional Modes
The DRV8837C device is active unless the nSLEEP pin is brought logic low. In sleep mode the H-bridge FETs
are disabled Hi-Z. The DRV8837C device is brought out of sleep mode automatically if nSLEEP is brought logic
high.
The H-bridge outputs are disabled during undervoltage lockout, overcurrent, and overtemperature fault
conditions.
Table 3. Operation Modes
10
MODE
CONDITION
H-BRIDGE
Operating
Operating
nSLEEP pin = 1
Sleep mode
nSLEEP pin = 0
Disabled
Fault encountered
Any fault condition met
Disabled (retries automatically)
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The DRV8837C device is device is used to drive one DC motor or other devices like solenoids. The following
design procedure can be used to configure the DRV8837C device.
8.2 Typical Application
VM
DRV8837C
1
0.1 µF
8
VM
0.1 µF
7
OUT1
3
OUT2
4
GND
Thermal Pad
2
M
VCC
VCC
nSLEEP
6
IN1
5
IN2
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Figure 7. Schematic of DRV8837C Application
8.2.1 Design Requirements
Table 4 lists the required parameters for a typical usage case.
Table 4. System Design Requirements
DESIGN PARAMETER
REFERENCE
EXAMPLE VALUE
Motor supply voltage
VM
9V
Logic supply voltage
VCC
3.3 V
Target RMS current
IOUT
0.8 A
8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.1 Motor Voltage
The appropriate motor voltage depends on the ratings of the motor selected and the desired RPM. A higher
voltage spins a brushed dc motor faster with the same PWM duty cycle applied to the power FETs. A higher
voltage also increases the rate of current change through the inductive motor windings.
8.2.2.2 Low-Power Operation
When entering sleep mode, TI recommends setting all inputs as a logic low to minimize system power.
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8.2.3 Application Curves
Figure 8. 50% Duty Cycle, Forward Direction
Figure 9. 50% Duty Cycle, Reverse Direction
Figure 10. 20% Duty Cycle, Forward Direction
Figure 11. 20% Duty Cycle, Reverse Direction
9 Power Supply Recommendations
9.1 Bulk Capacitance
Having appropriate local bulk capacitance is an important factor in motor-drive system design. It is generally
beneficial to have more bulk capacitance, while the disadvantages are increased cost and physical size.
The amount of local capacitance needed depends on a variety of factors, including:
• The highest current required by the motor system
• The power-supply capacitance and ability to source current
• The amount of parasitic inductance between the power supply and motor system
• The acceptable voltage ripple
• The type of motor used (brushed dc, brushless dc, stepper)
• The motor braking method
The inductance between the power supply and motor drive system limits the rate at which current can change
from the power supply. If the local bulk capacitance is too small, the system responds to excessive current
demands or dumps from the motor with a change in voltage. When adequate bulk capacitance is used, the motor
voltage remains stable and high current can be quickly supplied.
The data sheet generally provides a recommended value, but system-level testing is required to determine the
appropriate size of bulk capacitor.
12
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Bulk Capacitance (continued)
Power Supply
Parasitic Wire
Inductance
Motor Drive System
VM
+
–
+
Motor
Driver
GND
Local
Bulk Capacitor
IC Bypass
Capacitor
Figure 12. Example Setup of Motor Drive System With External Power Supply
The voltage rating for bulk capacitors should be higher than the operating voltage, to provide margin for cases
when the motor transfers energy to the supply
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10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
The VM and VCC pins should be bypassed to GND using low-ESR ceramic bypass capacitors with a
recommended value of 0.1 µF rated for the VM and VCC supplies. These capacitors should be placed as close
to the VM and VCC pins as possible with a thick trace or ground plane connection to the device GND pin. In
addition bulk capacitance is required on the VM pin.
10.2 Layout Example
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
VM
VCC
OUT1
SLEEPn
OUT2
IN1
GND
IN2
Figure 13. Simplified Layout Example
10.3 Power Dissipation
Power dissipation in the DRV8837C device is dominated by the power dissipated in the output FET resistance, or
RDS(ON). Use Equation 1 to estimate the average power dissipation when running a brushed-DC motor.
PTOT = RDS(ON) ´ (IOUT(RMS) )2
where
•
•
•
PTOT is the total power dissipation
RDS(ON) is the resistance of the HS plus LS FETs
IOUT(RMS) is the RMS or DC output current being supplied to the load
(1)
The maximum amount of power that can be dissipated in the device is dependent on ambient temperature and
heatsinking.
NOTE
The value of RDS(ON) increases with temperature, so as the device heats, the power
dissipation increases.
The DRV8837C device has thermal shutdown protection. If the die temperature exceeds approximately 150°C,
the device is disabled until the temperature drops to a safe level.
Any tendency of the device to enter thermal shutdown is an indication of either excessive power dissipation,
insufficient heatsinking, or too high an ambient temperature.
14
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Documentation Support
11.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
• Calculating Motor Driver Power Dissipation (SLVA504)
• DRV8837C Evaluation Module User's Guide (SLVUAS3)
• Understanding Motor Driver Current Ratings (SLVA505)
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
11.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DRV8837C
15
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
19-Nov-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
DRV8837CDSGR
ACTIVE
WSON
DSG
8
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
837C
Samples
DRV8837CDSGT
ACTIVE
WSON
DSG
8
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
837C
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of