LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
High-Voltage 1-A Step-Down Switching Regulator
Check for Samples: LM5010
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
Input Voltage Range: 8V to 75V
Valley Current Limit At 1.25A
Switching Frequency Can Exceed 1 MHz
Integrated N-Channel Buck Switch
Integrated Startup Regulator
No Loop Compensation Required
Ultra-Fast Transient Response
Operating Frequency Remains Constant With
Load and Line Variations
Maximum Duty Cycle Limited During Startup
Adjustable Output Voltage
Precision 2.5V Feedback Reference
Thermal shutdown
Packages
– 10-Pin WSON (4 mm x 4 mm)
– 14-Pin HTSSOP
– Both Packages Have Exposed Thermal Pad
For Improved Heat Dissipation
High Efficiency Point-Of-Load (POL) Regulator
Non-Isolated Telecommunications Buck
Regulator
Secondary High Voltage Post Regulator
Automotive Systems
•
•
DESCRIPTION
The LM5010 Step Down Switching Regulator features
all the functions needed to implement a low cost,
efficient, buck bias regulator capable of supplying in
excess of 1A load current. This high voltage regulator
contains an N-Channel Buck Switch, and is available
in thermally enhanced 10-pin WSON and 14-pin
HTSSOP packages. The hysteretic regulation
scheme requires no loop compensation, results in
fast load transient response, and simplifies circuit
implementation. The operating frequency remains
constant with line and load variations due to the
inverse relationship between the input voltage and
the on-time. The valley current limit detection is set at
1.25A. Additional features include: VCC under-voltage
lockout, thermal shutdown, gate drive under-voltage
lockout, and maximum duty cycle limiter.
DEVICE INFORMATION
8V - 75V
Input
VCC
VIN
C3
C1
LM5010
RON
BST
C4
L1
RON / SD
SHUTDOWN
VOUT
SW
D1
SS
R1
ISEN
C2
C6
FB
RTN
SGND
R2
Figure 1. Basic Step-Down Regulator
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
Connection Diagram
Top View
Top View
1
2
3
4
5
SW
VIN
BST
VCC
I SEN
R ON /SD
S GND
SS
RTN
FB
10
1
9
2
8
3
14
NC
NC
SW
VIN
BST
VCC
7
4 I
SEN
R ON /SD
6
5
6
10 Lead WSON
7
S GND
SS
RTN
FB
NC
NC
13
12
11
10
9
8
14 Lead HTSSOP
Pin Functions
Table 1. Pin Description
PIN NUMBER
2
NAME
DESCRIPTION
APPLICATION INFORMATION
WSON10
HTSSOP14
1
2
SW
Switching Node
Internally connected to the buck switch source. Connect to the
inductor, free-wheeling diode, and bootstrap capacitor.
2
3
BST
Boost pin for bootstrap
capacitor
Connect a 0.022 µF capacitor from SW to this pin. The capacitor
is charged from VCC via an internal diode during each off-time.
3
4
ISEN
Current sense
The re-circulating current flows through the internal sense
resistor, and out of this pin to the free-wheeling diode. Current
limit is nominally set at 1.25A.
4
5
SGND
Sense Ground
Re-circulating current flows into this pin to the current sense
resistor.
5
6
RTN
Circuit Ground
Ground for all internal circuitry other than the current limit
detection.
6
9
FB
Feedback input from the
regulated output
Internally connected to the regulation and over-voltage
comparators. The regulation level is 2.5V.
7
10
SS
Softstart
An internal 11.5 µA current source charges an external capacitor
to 2.5V, providing the soft start function.
8
11
RON/SD
On-time control and shutdown
An external resistor from VIN to this pin sets the buck switch ontime. Grounding this pin shuts down the regulator.
9
12
VCC
Output from the startup
regulator
Nominally regulates at 7.0V. An external voltage (7.5V-14V) can
be applied to this pin to reduce internal dissipation. An internal
diode connects VCC to VIN.
10
13
VIN
Input supply voltage
Nominal input range is 8.0V to 75V.
1, 7, 8, 14
NC
No connection
No internal connection.
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(1)
VIN to GND
76V
BST to GND
90V
SW to GND (Steady State)
-1.5V
BST to VCC
76V
BST to SW
14V
VCC to GND
14V
SGND to RTN
-0.3V to +0.3V
SS to RTN
-0.3V to 4V
VIN to SW
76V
Current Out of ISEN
See Text
All Other Inputs to GND
-0.3 to 7V
ESD Rating, Human Body Model (2)
2kV
Storage Temperature Range
-55°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering 4 sec)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
260°C
Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which
operation of the device is intended to be functional. For specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin.
For detailed information on soldering plastic HTSSOP and WSON packages, refer to the Packaging Data Book.
Operating Ratings
(1)
VIN
8V to 75V
−40°C to + 125°C
Operating Junction Temperature
(1)
Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which
operation of the device is intended to be functional. For specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction
Temperature range. VIN = 48V, RON = 200kΩ, unless otherwise stated (1) and (2).
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
6.6
7
7.4
Volts
VCC Regulator
VCCReg
VCC regulated output
VIN - VCC
ICC = 0 mA, FS < 200 kHz,
7.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 8.0V
1.3
V
VCC output impedance (0 mA ≤ ICC ≤ 5 mA)
VIN = 8.0V
140
Ω
VIN = 48V
2.5
VCC current limit (3)
VCC = 0V
10
VCC increasing
5.8
V
UVLOVCC hysteresis
VCC decreasing
145
mV
UVLOVCC filter delay
100 mV overdrive
IIN operating current
Non-switching, FB = 3V
650
850
µA
IIN shutdown current
RON/SD = 0V
95
200
µA
UVLOVCC VCC under-voltage lockout threshold
(1)
(2)
(3)
mA
3
µs
Typical specifications represent the most likely parametric norm at 25°C operation.
All electrical characteristics having room temperature limits are tested during production with TA = 25°C. All hot and cold limits are
specified by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and temperature variations and applying statistical process control.
VCC provides bias for the internal gate drive and control circuits. Device thermal limitations limit external loading.
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
3
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction
Temperature range. VIN = 48V, RON = 200kΩ, unless otherwise stated (1) and (2).
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
0.35
0.80
Ω
4.3
5.0
Switch Characteristics
Rds(on)
Buck Switch Rds(on)
ITEST = 200 mA
UVLOGD
Gate Drive UVLO
VBST - VSW Increasing
3.0
UVLOGD hysteresis
440
V
mV
Softstart Pin
Pull-up voltage
2.5
V
Internal current source
11.5
µA
Current Limit
ILIM
Threshold
Current out of ISEN
1
1.25
1.5
A
Resistance from ISEN to SGND
130
mΩ
Response time
150
ns
On Timer, RON/SD Pin
tON - 1
On-time
VIN = 10V, RON = 200 kΩ
2.1
2.75
3.4
µs
tON - 2
On-time
VIN = 75V, RON = 200 kΩ
290
390
490
ns
Shutdown threshold
Voltage at RON/SD rising
0.35
0.65
1.1
V
Threshold hysteresis
Voltage at RON/SD falling
40
mV
265
ns
Off Timer
tOFF
Off-time
Regulation and Over-Voltage Comparators (FB Pin)
VREF
FB regulation threshold
SS pin = steady state
FB over-voltage threshold
2.445
2.5
2.550
V
2.9
V
1
nA
Thermal shutdown temperature
175
°C
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
20
°C
FB bias current
Thermal Shutdown
TSD
Thermal Resistance
θJA
4
Junction to Ambient
WSON-10 Package
40
HTSSOP-14 Package
40
Submit Documentation Feedback
°C/W
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT AND BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT
10
LM5010
7V START-UP
REGULATOR
VIN
C5
VCC
UVLO
VCC
9
Thermal
Shutdown
C3
C1
RON
ON TIMER
8 R ON /SD
7
RON
START
COMPLETE
2.5V
11.5 PA
SS
265 ns
OFF TIMER
0.7V
START
COMPLETE
VIN
C4
DRIVER
LOGIC
Driver
C6
6 FB
BST 2
Gate Drive
UVLO
LEVEL
SHIFT
L1
OVER-VOLTAGE
COMPARATOR
REGULATION
COMPARATOR
D1
CURRENT LIMIT
COMPARATOR
62.5 mV
5 RTN
VOUT1
SW 1
2.9V
ISEN
+
3
R SENSE
50 m:
SGND
R1
RCL
4
R2
R3
VOUT2
C2
GND
NOTE: Pin numbers are for the WSON-10 package.
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
5
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
Typical Performance Characteristics
7.5
8
VIN = 48V
7
7.0
6
FS = 100 kHz
FS = 620 kHz
VIN = 8V
5
VCC (V)
VCC (V)
6.5
6.0
VIN = 9V
4
FS = 200 kHz
3
2
5.5
VCC Externally Loaded
Load Current = 300 mA
ICC = 0 mA
1
FS = 100 kHz
5.0
0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
10
9.5
0
2
4
VIN (V)
10
Figure 3. VCC vs ICC
9
8.0
8
7.0
FS = 550 kHz
RON = 500k
7
6.0
6
ON-TIME (Ps)
ICC INPUT CURRENT(mA)
8
ICC (mA)
Figure 2. VCC vs VIN
5.0
4.0
FS = 200 kHz
3.0
300k
5
4
3
2.0
100k
2
FS = 100 kHz
1.0
1
0
0
8
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
0
8
20
EXTERNALLY APPLIED VCC (V)
40
60
80
VIN (V)
Figure 4. ICC vs Externally Applied VCC
Figure 5. On-Time vs VIN and RON
4.0
800
FB = 3V
700
RON = 50k
600
3.0
115k
500
IIN (PA)
RON/SD PIN VOLTAGE (V)
6
301k
2.0
400
300
511k
200
1.0
RON/SD = 0V
100
0
0
0
8
20
40
60
80
8
20
40
60
80
VIN (V)
VIN (V)
Figure 6. Voltage at RON/SD Pin
6
0
Figure 7. IIN vs VIN
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
VIN
7.0V
UVLO
VCC
SW Pin
Inductor
Current
2.5V
SS Pin
VOUT
t2
t1
Figure 8. Startup Sequence
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The LM5010 Step Down Switching Regulator features all the functions needed to implement a low cost, efficient
buck bias power converter capable of supplying in excess of 1A to the load. This high voltage regulator contains
an N-Channel buck switch, is easy to implement, and is available in the thermally enhanced WSON-10 and
HTSSOP-14 packages. The regulator’s operation is based on a hysteretic control scheme, and uses an on-time
which varies inversely with VIN. This feature results in the operating frequency remaining relatively constant with
load and input voltage variations. The switching frequency can range from 100 kHz to > 1.0 MHz. The hysteretic
control requires no loop compensation resulting in very fast load transient response. The valley current limit
detection circuit, internally set at 1.25A, holds the buck switch off until the high current level subsides. Typical
Application Circuit and Block Diagram shows the functional block diagram. The LM5010 can be applied in
numerous applications to efficiently regulate down higher voltages. This regulator is well suited for 48V telecom
applications, as well as the new 42V automotive power bus. Implemented as a Point-of-Load regulator following
a highly efficient intermediate bus converter can result in high overall system efficiency. Features include:
Thermal shutdown, VCC under-voltage lockout, gate drive under-voltage lockout, and maximum duty cycle limit.
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
7
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
Hysteretic Control Circuit Overview
The LM5010 buck DC-DC regulator employs a control scheme based on a comparator and a one-shot on-timer,
with the output voltage feedback (FB) compared to an internal reference (2.5V). If the FB voltage is below the
reference the buck switch is turned on for a time period determined by the input voltage and a programming
resistor (RON). Following the on-time the switch remains off for 265 ns, or until the FB voltage falls below the
reference, whichever is longer. The buck switch then turns on for another on-time period. Typically when the load
current increases suddenly, the off-times are temporarily at the minimum of 265 ns. Once regulation is
established, the off-time resumes its normal value. The output voltage is set by two external resistors (R1, R2).
The regulated output voltage is calculated as follows:
VOUT = 2.5V x (R1 + R2) / R2
(1)
Output voltage regulation is based on ripple voltage at the feedback input, requiring a minimum amount of ESR
for the output capacitor C2. The LM5010 requires a minimum of 25 mV of ripple voltage at the FB pin. In cases
where the capacitor’s ESR is insufficient additional series resistance may be required (R3 in Typical Application
Circuit and Block Diagram).
When in regulation, the LM5010 operates in continuous conduction mode at heavy load currents and
discontinuous conduction mode at light load currents. In continuous conduction mode current always flows
through the inductor, never reaching zero during the off-time. In this mode the operating frequency remains
relatively constant with load and line variations. The minimum load current for continuous conduction mode is
one-half the inductor’s ripple current amplitude. The approximate operating frequency is calculated as follows:
VOUT
FS =
1.18 x 10-10 x RON
(2)
The buck switch duty cycle is approximately equal to:
VOUT
tON
DC =
tON + tOFF
=
VIN
(3)
At low load current, the circuit operates in discontinuous conduction mode, during which the inductor current
ramps up from zero to a peak during the on-time, then ramps back to zero before the end of the off-time. The
next on-time period starts when the voltage at FB falls below the reference - until then the inductor current
remains zero, and the load current is supplied by the output capacitor (C2). In this mode the operating frequency
is lower than in continuous conduction mode, and varies with load current. Conversion efficiency is maintained at
light loads since the switching losses reduce with the reduction in load and frequency. The approximate
discontinuous operating frequency can be calculated as follows:
VOUT2 x L1 x 1.4 x 1020
FS =
RL x (RON)2
(4)
where RL = the load resistance.
For applications where lower output voltage ripple is required the output can be taken directly from a low ESR
output capacitor as shown in Figure 9. However, R3 slightly degrades the load regulation.
L1
SW
LM5010
R1
R3
FB
V OUT2
R2
C2
Figure 9. Low Ripple Output Configuration
8
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
Start-up Regulator (VCC)
The startup regulator is integral to the LM5010. The input pin (VIN) can be connected directly to line voltages up
to 75V. The VCC output is regulated at 7.0V, ±6%, and is current limited to 10 mA. Upon power up the regulator
sources current into the external capacitor at VCC (C3). With a 0.1 µF capacitor at VCC, approximately 58 µs are
required for the VCC voltage to reach the under-voltage lockout threshold (UVLO) of 5.8V (t1 in Figure 8), at
which time the buck switch is enabled, and the soft start pin is released to allow the soft start capacitor (C6) to
charge up. VOUT then increases to its regulated value as the soft start voltage increases (t2 in Figure 8).
The minimum input operating voltage is determined by the regulator’s dropout voltage, the VCC UVLO falling
threshold (≊5.65V), and the frequency. When VCC falls below the falling threshold the VCC UVLO activates to shut
off the buck switch and ground the soft start pin. If VCC is externally loaded, the minimum input voltage increases
since the output impedance at VCC is ≊140Ω at low VIN. See Figure 2 and Figure 3. In applications involving a
high value for VIN where power dissipation in the startup regulator is a concern, an auxiliary voltage can be diode
connected to the VCC pin (Figure 10). Setting the auxiliary voltage to between 7.5V and 14V shuts off the internal
regulator, reducing internal power dissipation. The current required into the VCC pin is shown in Figure 4.
Internally a diode connects VCC to VIN.
VCC
C3
BST
C4
LM5010
L1
D2
SW
VOUT1
D1
I SEN
R1
R3
V OUT2
S GND
R2
C2
FB
Figure 10. Self Biased Configuration
Regulation Comparator
The feedback voltage at FB is compared to the voltage at the Softstart pin (2.5V, ±2%). In normal operation (the
output voltage is regulated) an on-time period is initiated when the voltage at FB falls below 2.5V. The buck
switch stays on for the on-time causing the FB voltage to rise above 2.5V. After the on-time period the buck
switch stays off until the FB voltage falls below 2.5V. Bias current at the FB pin is less than 5 nA over
temperature.
Over-Voltage Comparator
The feedback voltage at FB is compared to an internal 2.9V reference. If the voltage at FB rises above 2.9V the
on-time is immediately terminated. This condition can occur if the input voltage, or the output load, change
suddenly. The buck switch will not turn on again until the voltage at FB falls below 2.5V.
ON-Time Control
The on-time of the internal switch (see Figure 5) is determined by the RON resistor and the input voltage (VIN),
calculated from the following:
1.18 x 10-10 x (RON + 1.4k)
tON =
VIN - 1.4V
+ 67 ns
(5)
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
9
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
The inverse relationship of tON vs. VIN results in a nearly constant frequency as VIN is varied. If the application
requires a high frequency the minimum value for tON, and consequently RON, is limited by the off-time (265 ns,
±15%) which limits the maximum duty cycle at minimum VIN. The tolerance for Equation 5 is ±25%. Frequencies
in excess of 1 MHz are possible with the LM5010.
Shutdown
The LM5010 can be remotely shut down by taking the RON/SD pin below 0.65V. See Figure 11. In this mode the
soft start pin is internally grounded, the on-timer is disabled, and the input current at VIN is reduced (Figure 7).
Releasing the RON/SD pin allows normal operation to resume. When the switch is open, the nominal voltage at
RON/SD is shown in Figure 6.
VIN
Input
Voltage
RON
LM5010
R ON /SD
STOP
RUN
Figure 11. Shutdown Implementation
Current Limit
Current limit detection occurs during the off-time by monitoring the recirculating current through the free-wheeling
diode (D1). The detection threshold is 1.25A, ±0.25A. Referring to Typical Application Circuit and Block Diagram,
when the buck switch is off the inductor current flows through the load, into SGND, through the sense resistor, out
of ISEN and through D1. If that current exceeds the threshold the current limit comparator output switches to delay
the start of the next on-time period. The next on-time starts when the current out of ISEN is below the threshold
and the voltage at FB is below 2.5V. If the overload condition persists causing the inductor current to exceed the
threshold during each on-time, that is detected at the beginning of each off-time. The operating frequency is
lower due to longer-than-normal off-times.
Figure 12 illustrates the inductor current waveform. During normal operation the load current is IO, the average of
the ripple waveform. When the load resistance decreases the current ratchets up until the lower peak attempts to
exceed the threshold. During the Current Limited portion of Figure 12, the current ramps down to the threshold
during each off-time, initiating the next on-time (assuming the voltage at FB is < 2.5V). During each on-time the
current ramps up an amount equal to:
'I =
(VIN - VOUT) x tON
L1
(6)
During this time the LM5010 is in a constant current mode, with an average load current (IOCL) equal to the
threshold + ΔI/2.
The “valley current limit” technique allows the load current to exceed the current limit threshold as long as the
lower peak of the inductor current is less than the threshold.
10
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
IPK
'I
IOCL
Inductor Current
Threshold
IO
Normal Operation
Load Current
Increases
Current Limited
Figure 12. Inductor Current - Current Limit Operation
The current limit threshold can be increased by connecting an external resistor (RCL) between SGND and ISEN. The
external resistor typically is less than 1Ω, and its calculation is explained in the Applications Information section.
The peak current out of SW and ISEN must not exceed 3.5A. The average current out of SW must be less than
3A, and the average current out of ISEN must be less than 2A.
N-Channel Buck Switch and Driver
The LM5010 integrates an N-Channel buck switch and associated floating high voltage gate driver. The peak
current through the buck switch must not be allowed to exceed 3.5A, and the average current must be less than
3A. The gate driver circuit is powered by the external bootstrap capacitor between BST and SW (C4). During
each off-time, the SW pin is at approximately -1V, and C4 is re-charged from VCC through the internal high
voltage diode. The minimum off-time of 265 ns ensures a minimum time each cycle to recharge the bootstrap
capacitor. A 0.022 µF ceramic capacitor is recommended for C4.
Soft Start
The soft start feature allows the converter to gradually reach a steady state operating point, thereby reducing
startup stresses and current surges. Upon turn-on, after VCC reaches the under-voltage threshold (t1 in Figure 8),
an internal 11.5 µA current source charges the external capacitor at the Softstart pin to 2.5V (t2 in Figure 8). The
ramping voltage at SS (and at the non-inverting input of the regulation comparator) ramps up the output voltage
in a controlled manner. This feature keeps the load current from going to current limit during startup, thereby
reducing inrush currents.
An internal switch grounds the Softstart pin if VCC is below the under-voltage lockout threshold, if a thermal
shutdown occurs, or if the circuit is shutdown using the RON/SD pin.
Thermal Shutdown
The LM5010 should be operated so the junction temperature does not exceed 125°C. If the junction temperature
increases above that, an internal Thermal Shutdown circuit activates (typically) at 175°C, taking the controller to
a low power reset state by disabling the buck switch and the on-timer, and grounding the Softstart pin. This
feature helps prevent catastrophic failures from accidental device overheating. When the junction temperature
reduces below 155°C (typical hysteresis = 20°C), the Softstart pin is released and normal operation resumes.
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
11
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
The procedure for calculating the external components is illustrated with a design example. The circuit in Typical
Application Circuit and Block Diagram is to be configured for the following specifications:
• VOUT = 10V
• VIN = 15V to 75V
• FS = 625 kHz
• Minimum load current = 150 mA
• Maximum load current = 1.0A
• Softstart time = 5 ms
R1 and R2: The ratio of these resistors is calculated from:
R1/R2 = (VOUT/2.5V) - 1
(7)
R1/R2 calculates to 3.0. The resistors should be chosen from standard value resistors in the range of 1.0 kΩ - 10
kΩ. Values of 3.0 kΩ for R1, and 1.0 kΩ for R2 will be used.
RON, FS: RON sets the on-time, and can be chosen using Equation 2 to set a nominal frequency, or from
Equation 5 if the on-time at a particular VIN is important. A higher frequency generally means a smaller inductor
and capacitors (value, size and cost), but higher switching losses. A lower frequency means a higher efficiency,
but with larger components. If PC board space is tight, a higher frequency is better. The resulting on-time and
frequency have a ±25% tolerance. Re-arranging Equation 2,
RON =
10V
1.18 x 10-10 x 625 kHz
= 136 k:
(8)
The next larger standard value (137 kΩ) is chosen for RON, yielding a nominal frequency of 618 kHz.
L1: The inductor value is determined based on the load current, ripple current, and the minimum and maximum
input voltage (VIN(min), VIN(max)). Refer to Figure 13.
IPK+
L1 Current
IO
IOR
IPK-
0 mA
1/Fs
Figure 13. Inductor Current
To keep the circuit in continuous conduction mode, the maximum allowed ripple current is twice the minimum
load current, or 300 mAp-p. Using this value of ripple current, the inductor (L1) is calculated using the following:
VOUT1 x (VIN(max) - VOUT1)
L1 =
IOR x FS(min) x VIN(max)
(9)
where FS(min) is the minimum frequency (FS - 25%).
10V x (75V - 10V)
L1 =
12
= 63 PH
0.30A x 463 kHz x 75V
(10)
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
This provides a minimum value for L1 - the next higher standard value (100 µH) will be used. L1 must be rated
for the peak current (IPK+) to prevent saturation. The peak current occurs at maximum load current with maximum
ripple. The maximum ripple is calculated by re-arranging Equation 9 using VIN(max), FS(min), and the minimum
inductor value, based on the manufacturer’s tolerance. Assume, for this exercise, the inductor’s tolerance is
±20%.
VOUT1 x (VIN(max) - VOUT1)
IOR(max) =
L1MIN x FS(min) x VIN(max)
(11)
10V x (75V - 10V)
IOR(max) =
80 PH x 463 kHz x 75V
= 234 mAp-p
(12)
(13)
IPK+ = 1.0A + 0.234A / 2 = 1.117A
RCL: Since it is obvious that the lower peak of the inductor current waveform does not exceed 1.0A at maximum
load current (see Figure 13), it is not necessary to increase the current limit threshold. Therefore RCL is not
needed for this exercise. For applications where the lower peak exceeds 1.0A, see the section below on
increasing the current limit threshold.
C2 and R3: Since the LM5010 requires a minimum of 25 mVp-p of ripple at the FB pin for proper operation, the
required ripple at VOUT1 is increased by R1 and R2. This necessary ripple is created by the inductor ripple current
acting on C2’s ESR + R3. First, the minimum ripple current is determined.
VOUT1 x (VIN(min) - VOUT1)
IOR(min) =
=
L1MAX x FS(max) x VIN(min)
10V x (15V - 10V)
120 PH x 772 kHz x 15V
= 36 mA
(14)
The minimum ESR for C2 is then equal to:
ESR(min) =
25 mV x (R1 + R2)
R2 x IOR(min)
= 2.8:
(15)
If the capacitor used for C2 does not have sufficient ESR, R3 is added in series as shown in Typical Application
Circuit and Block Diagram. C2 should generally be no smaller than 3.3 µF, although that is dependent on the
frequency and the allowable ripple amplitude at VOUT1. Experimentation is usually necessary to determine the
minimum value for C2, as the nature of the load may require a larger value. A load which creates significant
transients requires a larger value for C2 than a non-varying load.
D1: The important parameters are reverse recovery time and forward voltage drop. The reverse recovery time
determines how long the current surge lasts each time the buck switch is turned on. The forward voltage drop is
significant in the event the output is short-circuited as it is mainly this diode’s voltage (plus the voltage across the
current limit sense resistor) which forces the inductor current to decrease during the off-time. For this reason, a
higher voltage is better, although that affects efficiency. A reverse recovery time of ≊30 ns, and a forward voltage
drop of ≊0.75V are preferred. The reverse leakage specification is important as that can significantly affect
efficiency. Other types of diodes may have a lower forward voltage drop, but may have longer recovery times, or
greater reverse leakage. D1 should be rated for the maximum VIN, and for the peak current when in current limit
(IPK in Figure 11) which is equal to:
IPK = 1.5A + IOR(max) = 1.734A
(16)
where 1.5A is the maximum guaranteed current limit threshold, and the maximum ripple current was previously
calculated as 234 mAp-p. Note that this calculation is valid only when RCL is not required.
C1: Assuming the voltage supply feeding VIN has a source impedance greater than zero, this capacitor limits the
ripple voltage at VIN while supplying most of the switch current during the on-time. At maximum load current,
when the buck switch turns on, the current into VIN increases to the lower peak of the output current waveform,
ramps up to the peak value, then drops to zero at turn-off. The average current into VIN during this on-time is the
load current. For a worst case calculation, C1 must supply this average load current during the maximum ontime. The maximum on-time is calculated using Equation 5, with a 25% tolerance added:
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
13
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
1.18 x 10-10 x (137k + 1.4k) x 1.25
tON(max) =
15V - 1.4V
+ 67 ns = 1.57 Ps
(17)
C1 is calculated from:
C1 =
IO x tON
=
'V
1.0A x 1.57 Ps
1V
= 1.57 PF
(18)
where IO is the load current, and ΔV is the allowable ripple voltage at VIN (1V for this example). Quality ceramic
capacitors with a low ESR should be used for C1. To allow for capacitor tolerances and voltage effects, a 2.2 µF
capacitor will be used
C3: The capacitor at the VCC pin provides not only noise filtering and stability, but also prevents false triggering of
the VCC UVLO at the buck switch on/off transitions. For this reason, C3 should be no smaller than 0.1 µF, and
should be a good quality, low ESR, ceramic capacitor. This capacitor also determines the initial startup delay (t1
in Figure 8).
C4: The recommended value for C4 is 0.022 µF. A high quality ceramic capacitor with low ESR is recommended
as C4 supplies the surge current to charge the buck switch gate at turn-on. A low ESR also ensures a complete
recharge during each off-time.
C5: This capacitor suppresses transients and ringing due to long lead inductance at VIN. A low ESR, 0.1 µF
ceramic chip capacitor is recommended, located physically close to the LM5010.
C6: The capacitor at the SS pin determines the soft start time, i.e. the time for the reference voltage at the
regulation comparator, and the output voltage, to reach their final value. The time is determined from the
following:
tSS =
C6 x 2.5V
11.5 PA
(19)
For a 5 ms soft start time, C6 calculates to 0.022 µF.
FINAL CIRCUIT
The final circuit is shown in Figure 14, and its performance is shown in Figure 15 to Figure 18.
VCC
VIN
15 - 75V
Input
C1
2.2 PF
C3
0.1 PF
C5
0.1 PF
BST
RON
137k
RON / SD
LM5010
C4
0.022 PF
L1
100 PH
10V
SW
SHUTDOWN
VOUT
D1
SS
ISEN
C6
0.022 PF
SGND
FB
R1
3.0k
R3
2.8
R2
1.0k
C2
15 PF
GND
RTN
Figure 14. LM5010 Example Circuit
14
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
Table 2. Bill of Materials
Item
Description
Part No.
Package
Value
C1
Ceramic Capacitor
TDK C4532X7R2A225M
1812
2.2 µF, 100V
C2
Ceramic Capacitor
TDK C4532X7R1E156M
1812
15 µF, 25V
C3
Ceramic Capacitor
Kemet C0805C104K4RAC
0805
0.1 µF, 16V
C4, C6
Ceramic Capacitor
Kemet C0805C223K4RAC
0805
0.022 µF, 16V
C5
Ceramic Capacitor
TDK C2012X7R2A104M
0805
0.1 µF, 100V
D1
Ultra fast diode
Central Semi CMR2U-01
SMB
100V, 2A
L1
Inductor
TDK SLF10145
10.1 x 10.1
100 µH
R1
Resistor
Vishay CRCW08053001F
0805
3.0 kΩ
R2
Resistor
Vishay CRCW08051001F
0805
1.0 kΩ
R3
Resistor
Vishay CRCW08052R80F
0805
2.8 Ω
RON
Resistor
Vishay CRCW08051373F
0805
137 kΩ
U1
Switching regulator
LM5010
100
100
80
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
_
60
40
20
VIN = 15V
60
24V
48V
75V
40
20
IOUT = 300mA
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
0
VIN (V)
200
400
600
800 _ 1000
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 15. Efficiency vs VIN
Circuit of Figure 14
Figure 16. Efficiency vs Load Current and VIN
Circuit of Figure 14
700
350
600
250
FREQUENCY (kHz)
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mVp-p)
300
200
150
100
500
400
50
0
300
0
20
40
60
80
VIN (V)
0
20
40
60
80
VIN (V)
Figure 17. Output Voltage Ripple vs VIN
Circuit of Figure 14
Figure 18. Frequency vs VIN
Circuit of Figure 14
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
15
LM5010
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
www.ti.com
INCREASING THE CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD
The current limit threshold is nominally 1.25A, with a minimum guaranteed value of 1.0A. If, at maximum load
current, the lower peak of the inductor current (IPK-in Figure 13) exceeds 1.0A, resistor RCL must be added
between SGND and ISEN to increase the current limit threshold to equal or exceed that lower peak current. This
resistor diverts some of the recirculating current from the internal sense resistor so that a higher current level is
needed to switch the internal current limit comparator. IPK-is calculated from:
IPK- = IO(max) -
IOR(min)
2
(20)
where IO(max) is the maximum load current, and IOR(min) is the minimum ripple current calculated using
Equation 14. RCL is calculated from:
RCL =
1.0A x 0.11:
IPK- - 1.0A
(21)
where 0.11Ω is the minimum value of the internal resistance from SGND to ISEN. The next smaller standard value
resistor should be used for RCL. With the addition of RCL it is necessary to check the average and peak current
values to ensure they do not exceed the LM5010 limits. At maximum load current the average current through
the internal sense resistor is:
IO(max) x RCL x (VIN(max) - VOUT)
IAVE =
(RCL + 0.11: x VIN(max)
(22)
If IAVE is less than 2.0A no changes are necessary. If it exceeds 2.0A, RCL must be reduced. The upper peak of
the inductor current (IPK+), at maximum load current, is calculated using the following:
IOR(max)
IPK+ = IO(max) +
2
(23)
where IOR(max) is calculated using Equation 11. If IPK+ exceeds 3.5A , the inductor value must be increased to
reduce the ripple amplitude. This will necessitate recalculation of IOR(min), IPK-, and RCL.
When the circuit is in current limit, the upper peak current out of the SW pin is
1.5A x (150 m: + RCL)
IPK+(CL) =
RCL
+ IOR(MAX)
(24)
The inductor L1 and diode D1 must be rated for this current.
PC BOARD LAYOUT
The LM5010 regulation, over-voltage, and current limit comparators are very fast, and will respond to short
duration noise pulses. Layout considerations are therefore critical for optimum performance. The layout must be
as neat and compact as possible, and all the components must be as close as possible to their associated pins.
The current loop formed by D1, L1, C2, and the SGND and ISEN pins should be as small as possible. The ground
connection from C2 to C1 should be as short and direct as possible. If it is expected that the internal dissipation
of the LM5010 will produce high junction temperatures during normal operation, good use of the PC board’s
ground plane can help considerably to dissipate heat. The exposed pad on the IC package bottom can be
soldered to a ground plane, and that plane should both extend from beneath the IC, and be connected to
exposed ground plane on the board’s other side using as many vias as possible. The exposed pad is internally
connected to the IC substrate.
The use of wide PC board traces at the pins, where possible, can help conduct heat away from the IC. The four
No Connect pins on the HTSSOP package are not electrically connected to any part of the IC, and may be
connected to ground plane to help dissipate heat from the package. Judicious positioning of the PC board within
the end product, along with the use of any available air flow (forced or natural convection) can help reduce the
junction temperature.
16
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
LM5010
www.ti.com
SNVS307F – SEPTEMBER 2004 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2013
REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision E (February 2013) to Revision F
•
Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 16
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2004–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM5010
17
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Mar-2014
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
LM5010MH
NRND
HTSSOP
PWP
14
94
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 125
L5010
MH
LM5010MH/NOPB
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
14
94
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
L5010
MH
LM5010MHX/NOPB
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
14
2500
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
L5010
MH
LM5010SD/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
DPR
10
1000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
L00057B
LM5010SDX/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
DPR
10
4500
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
L00057B
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Mar-2014
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
11-Oct-2013
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
LM5010MHX/NOPB
HTSSOP
PWP
14
2500
330.0
12.4
LM5010SD/NOPB
WSON
DPR
10
1000
178.0
LM5010SDX/NOPB
WSON
DPR
10
4500
330.0
6.95
8.3
1.6
8.0
12.0
Q1
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
Pack Materials-Page 1
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
11-Oct-2013
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
LM5010MHX/NOPB
HTSSOP
PWP
14
2500
367.0
367.0
35.0
LM5010SD/NOPB
WSON
DPR
10
1000
210.0
185.0
35.0
LM5010SDX/NOPB
WSON
DPR
10
4500
367.0
367.0
35.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
PWP0014A
MXA14A (Rev A)
www.ti.com
MECHANICAL DATA
DPR0010A
SDC10A (Rev A)
www.ti.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other
changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest
issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and
complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as “components”) are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale
supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.
TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI’s terms
and conditions of sale of semiconductor products. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary
to support this warranty. Except where mandated by applicable law, testing of all parameters of each component is not necessarily
performed.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and
applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide
adequate design and operating safeguards.
TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or
other intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI components or services are used. Information
published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license to use such products or services or a warranty or
endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the
third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.
Reproduction of significant portions of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration
and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered
documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions.
Resale of TI components or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that component or service
voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI component or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice.
TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.
Buyer acknowledges and agrees that it is solely responsible for compliance with all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements
concerning its products, and any use of TI components in its applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support
that may be provided by TI. Buyer represents and agrees that it has all the necessary expertise to create and implement safeguards which
anticipate dangerous consequences of failures, monitor failures and their consequences, lessen the likelihood of failures that might cause
harm and take appropriate remedial actions. Buyer will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use
of any TI components in safety-critical applications.
In some cases, TI components may be promoted specifically to facilitate safety-related applications. With such components, TI’s goal is to
help enable customers to design and create their own end-product solutions that meet applicable functional safety standards and
requirements. Nonetheless, such components are subject to these terms.
No TI components are authorized for use in FDA Class III (or similar life-critical medical equipment) unless authorized officers of the parties
have executed a special agreement specifically governing such use.
Only those TI components which TI has specifically designated as military grade or “enhanced plastic” are designed and intended for use in
military/aerospace applications or environments. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that any military or aerospace use of TI components
which have not been so designated is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that Buyer is solely responsible for compliance with all legal and
regulatory requirements in connection with such use.
TI has specifically designated certain components as meeting ISO/TS16949 requirements, mainly for automotive use. In any case of use of
non-designated products, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet ISO/TS16949.
Products
Applications
Audio
www.ti.com/audio
Automotive and Transportation
www.ti.com/automotive
Amplifiers
amplifier.ti.com
Communications and Telecom
www.ti.com/communications
Data Converters
dataconverter.ti.com
Computers and Peripherals
www.ti.com/computers
DLP® Products
www.dlp.com
Consumer Electronics
www.ti.com/consumer-apps
DSP
dsp.ti.com
Energy and Lighting
www.ti.com/energy
Clocks and Timers
www.ti.com/clocks
Industrial
www.ti.com/industrial
Interface
interface.ti.com
Medical
www.ti.com/medical
Logic
logic.ti.com
Security
www.ti.com/security
Power Mgmt
power.ti.com
Space, Avionics and Defense
www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense
Microcontrollers
microcontroller.ti.com
Video and Imaging
www.ti.com/video
RFID
www.ti-rfid.com
OMAP Applications Processors
www.ti.com/omap
TI E2E Community
e2e.ti.com
Wireless Connectivity
www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity
Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated