IR3086AMTRPBF

IR3086APbF DATA SHEET XPHASETM PHASE IC WITH OVP, FAULT AND OVERTEMP DETECT DESCRIPTION TM The IR3086A Phase IC combined with an IR XPhase Control IC provides a full featured and flexible way to implement power solutions for the latest high performance CPUs and ASICs. The “Control” IC provides overall system control and interfaces with any number of “Phase” ICs which each drive and monitor a single TM phase of a multiphase converter. The XPhase architecture results in a power supply that is smaller, less expensive, and easier to design while providing higher efficiency than conventional approaches. FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.5A Average Gate Drive Current Loss-Less Inductor Current Sense Internal Inductor DCR Temperature Compensation Programmable Phase Delay Programmable Feed-Forward Voltage Mode PWM Ramp Sub 100ns Minimum Pulse Width supports 1MHz per-phase operation Current Sense Amplifier drives a single wire Average Current Share Bus Current Share Amplifier reduces PWM Ramp slope to ensure sharing between phases TM Body Braking disables Synchronous MOSFET for improved transient response and prevents negative output voltage at converter turn-off OVP comparator with 150ns response Phase Fault Detection Programmable Phase Over-Temperature Detection Small thermally enhanced 20L MLPQ package APPLICATION CIRCUIT VGATE 12V PHASE FAULT RCS- VRHOT CCS+ DAC CCS- RPHASE3 EA Page 1 of 33 CSCOMP 16 CSIN+ 18 17 CSIN- DACIN CBST CIN GATEH PGND GATEL 15 14 L 13 VO 12 CO 11 VCC LGND VCCL 10 6 SCOMP RPHASE2 ISHARE 9 VRHOT PWMRMP 5 ISHARE HOTSET EAIN 4 DBST VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 8 3 RMPIN+ CPWMRMP 2 RAMP PHSFLT 20 BIASIN RPHASE1 5 Wire Analog Bus From Control IC 19 BIAS 1 RCS+ 20k 7 RBIASIN CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF ORDERING INFORMATION Device Order Quantity IR3086AMTRPBF 3000 per reel * IR3086AMPBF 100 piece strips * Samples only ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS o Operating Junction Temperature……………..150 C o o Storage Temperature Range………………….-65 C to 150 C ESD Rating………………………………………HBM Class 1C JEDEC standard PIN # PIN NAME VMAX VMIN ISOURCE ISINK 1 2 3 4 5 6 RMPIN+ RMPINHOTSET VRHOT ISHARE SCOMP 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V -0.3V -0.3V -0.3V -0.3V -0.3V -0.3V 1mA 1mA 1mA 1mA 5mA 1mA 1mA 1mA 1mA 30mA 5mA 1mA 7 8 9 10 11 EAIN PWMRMP LGND VCC VCCL 20V 20V n/a 24V 27V -0.3V -0.3V n/a -0.3V -0.3V 1mA 1mA 50mA n/a n/a 1mA 20mA n/a 50mA 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 12 GATEL 27V -0.3V DC, -2V for 100ns 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 13 PGND 0.3V -0.3V n/a 14 GATEH 27V -0.3V DC, -2V for 100ns 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 15 VCCH 27V -0.3V n/a 16 17 CSIN+ CSIN- 20V 20V -0.3V -0.3V 1mA 1mA 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC 1mA 1mA 18 19 20 PHSFLT DACIN BIASIN 20V 20V 20V -0.3V -0.3V -0.3V 1mA 1mA 1mA 20mA 1mA 1mA Page 2 of 33 3A for 100ns, 200mA DC May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over: 8.4V ≤ VCC ≤ 14V, 6V ≤ VCCH ≤ 25V, 6V ≤ o o VCCL ≤ 14V, 5.9V ≤ V(BIASIN) ≤ 7.1V, 0.8V ≤ V(DACIN) ≤ 1.6V, and 0 C ≤ TJ ≤ 125 C, CGATEH = 3.3nF, CGATEL = 6.8nF PARAMETER Gate Drivers GATEH Rise Time GATEH Fall Time GATEL Rise Time GATEL Fall Time GATEL low to GATEH high delay GATEH low to GATEL high delay Disable Pull-Down Current Current Sense Amplifier CSIN+ Bias Current CSIN- Bias Current Input Offset Voltage TEST CONDITION VCCH = 12V, Measure 2V to 9V transition time VCCH = 12V, Measure 9V to 2V transition time VCCL = 12V, Measure 2V to 9V transition time VCCL = 12V, Measure 9V to 2V transition time VCCH = VCCL = 12V, Measure the time from GATEL falling to 1V to GATEH rising to 1V VCCH = VCCL = 12V, Measure the time from GATEH falling to 1V to GATEL rising to 1V Force GATEH or GATEL = 2V with BIASIN = 0V CSIN+ = CSIN- = DACIN. Measure input referred offset from DACIN o Gain at TJ = 25 C o Gain at TJ = 125 C Slew Rate Differential Input Range Common Mode Input Range o Rout at TJ = 25 C o Rout at TJ = 125 C Ramp Comparator Input Offset Voltage Hysteresis RMPIN+, RMPIN- Bias Current Propagation Delay Percentage of Common Mode Input Voltage Range Page 3 of 33 MIN TYP MAX UNIT 22 50 ns 22 50 ns 50 75 ns 50 75 ns 10 25 50 ns 10 25 50 ns 15 25 40 µA -0.5 -1 -3 -0.25 -0.4 0.5 0 0 5 µA µA mV 32 27 34 29 12.5 36 31 V/V V/V Current Sense Amplifier output is an internal node. Slew rate at the ISHARE pin will be set by the internal 10kΩ resistor and any stray external capacitance Note 1 VCCH = 12V. Measure time from RMPIN input (50mV overdrive) to GATEL transition to V(DACIN) (200mV overdrive) to GATEL transition to > BIAS VOLTAGE VOUT SENSE+ >> PHASE TIMING VID2 > PWM CONTROL VID4 >> VID VOLTAGE CURRENT SHARE IR3086A PHASE IC VOUT+ 0.1uF COUT VOUT- PHASE HOT CCS RCS VOUT SENSE- PHASE FAULT CURRENT SHARE IR3086A PHASE IC 0.1uF PHASE HOT CCS RCS ADDITIONAL PHASES CONTROL BUS INPUT/OUTPUT Figure 1. System Block Diagram Page 6 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF PWM Control Method TM The PWM block diagram of the XPhase architecture is shown in Figure 2. Feed-forward voltage mode control with trailing edge modulation is used. A high-gain wide-bandwidth voltage type error amplifier in the Control IC is used for the voltage control loop. An external RC circuit connected to the input voltage and ground is used to program the slope of the PWM ramp and to provide the feed-forward control at each phase. The PWM ramp slope will change with the input voltage and automatically compensate for changes in the input voltage. The input voltage can change due to variations in the silver box output voltage or due to the wire and PCB-trace voltage drop related to changes in load current. VIN CONTROL IC RAMP GENERATOR VPEAK RAMPIN+ RMPOUT RPHS1 PWM LATCH CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR + RAMPIN- VVALLEY - EAIN - - + CPWMRMP EAOUT SCOMP X 0.91 - SHARE ADJUST ERROR AMPLIFIER CSCOMP + + - ERROR AMP RVFB CURRENT SENSE AMPLIFIER + ISHARE FB 10K 20mV IROSC RDRP VDRP AMP CSIN+ + IFB VOSNS- VDAC BODY BRAKING COMPARATOR + RAMP DISCHARGE CLAMP VOSNS- - GATEL ENABLE PWMRMP + RPWMRMP VOUT COUT R GND RPHS2 VDAC VBIAS REGULATOR VOSNS+ RESET DOMINANT + VBIAS + GATEH S PWM COMPARATOR X34 CCS RCS CCS RCS - 50% DUTY CYCLE PHASE IC SYSTEM REFERENCE VOLTAGE BIASIN CSIN- DACIN VDRP + - IIN PWM LATCH CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR + RAMPIN+ RPHS1 PHASE IC SYSTEM REFERENCE VOLTAGE BIASIN - RAMPIN- GATEH S PWM COMPARATOR - EAIN RESET DOMINANT R GATEL + RPHS2 ENABLE PWMRMP + RPWMRMP - X 0.91 - + SHARE ADJUST ERROR AMPLIFIER + ISHARE 10K 20mV CURRENT SENSE AMPLIFIER - CSIN+ + X34 - CSCOMP - CPWMRMP BODY BRAKING COMPARATOR + RAMP DISCHARGE CLAMP SCOMP CSIN- DACIN Figure 2. PWM Block Diagram Frequency and Phase Timing Control An oscillator with programmable frequency is located in the Control IC. The output of the oscillator is a 50% duty cycle triangle waveform with peak and valley voltages of approximately 5V and 1V respectively. This signal is used to program both the switching frequency and phase timing of the Phase ICs. The Phase IC is programmed by resistor divider RPHS1 and RPHS2 connected between the VBIAS reference voltage and the Phase IC LGND pin. A comparator in the Phase ICs detects the crossing of the oscillator waveform over the voltage generated by the resistor divider and triggers a clock pulse that starts the PWM cycle. The peak and valley voltages track the VBIAS voltage reducing potential Phase IC timing errors. Figure 3 shows the Phase timing for an 8 phase converter. Note that both slopes of the triangle waveform can be used for phase timing by swapping the RMPIN+ and RMPIN– pins, as shown in Figure 2. Page 7 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF 50% RAMP DUTY CYCLE RAMP (FROM CONTROL IC) SLOPE = 80mV / % DC VPEAK (5.0V) VPHASE4&5 (4.5V) SLOPE = 1.6mV / ns @ 200kHz SLOPE = 8.0mV / ns @ 1MHz VPHASE3&6 (3.5V) VPHASE2&7 (2.5V) VPHASE1&8 (1.5V) VVALLEY (1.00V) CLK1 PHASE IC CLOCK PULSES CLK2 CLK3 CLK4 CLK5 CLK6 CLK7 CLK8 Figure 3. 8 Phase Oscillator Waveforms PWM Operation The PWM comparator is located in the Phase IC. Upon receiving a clock pulse, the PWM latch is set; the PWMRMP voltage begins to increase; the low side driver is turned off, and the high side driver is then turned on after the nonoverlap time. When the PWMRMP voltage exceeds the Error Amplifier’s output voltage, the PWM latch is reset. This turns off the high side driver and turns on the low side driver after the non-overlap time; it activates the Ramp Discharge Clamp, which quickly discharges the PWMRMP capacitor to the VDAC voltage of the Control IC until the next clock pulse. The PWM latch is reset dominant allowing all phases to go to zero duty cycle within a few tens of nanoseconds in response to a load step decrease. Phases can overlap and go to 100% duty cycle in response to a load step increase with turn-on gated by the clock pulses. An Error Amplifier output voltage greater than the common mode input range of the PWM comparator results in 100% duty cycle regardless of the voltage of the PWM ramp. This arrangement guarantees the Error Amplifier is always in control and can demand 0 to 100% duty cycle as required. It also favors response to a load step decrease which is appropriate given the low output to input voltage ratio of most systems. The inductor current will increase much more rapidly than decrease in response to load transients. This control method is designed to provide “single cycle transient response” where the inductor current changes in response to load transients within a single switching cycle maximizing the effectiveness of the power train and minimizing the output capacitor requirements. An additional advantage of the architecture is that differences in ground or input voltage at the phases have no effect on operation since the PWM ramps are referenced to VDAC. Figure 4 depicts PWM operating waveforms under various conditions. Page 8 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF PHASE IC CLOCK PULSE EAIN PWMRMP VDAC 91% VDAC GATEH GATEL STEADY-STATE OPERATION DUTY CYCLE DECREASE DUE TO VIN INCREASE (FEED-FORWARD) DUTY CYCLE INCREASE DUE TO LOAD INCREASE DUTY CYCLE DECREASE DUE TO LOAD DECREASE (BODY BRAKING) OR FAULT (VCC UV, VCCVID UV, OCP, VID=11111X) STEADY-STATE OPERATION Figure 4. PWM Operating Waveforms Body Braking TM In a conventional synchronous buck converter, the minimum time required to reduce the current in the inductor in response to a load step decrease is; TSLEW = L * ( I MAX − I MIN ) VO The slew rate of the inductor current can be significantly increased by turning off the synchronous rectifier in response to a load step decrease. The switch node voltage is then forced to decrease until conduction of the synchronous rectifier’s body diode occurs. This increases the voltage across the inductor from Vo to Vo + VBODYDIODE. The minimum time required to reduce the current in the inductor in response to a load transient decrease is now; TSLEW = L * ( I MAX − I MIN ) VO + VBODYDIODE Since the voltage drop in the body diode is often higher than output voltage, the inductor current slew rate can be TM increased by 2X or more. This patent pending technique is referred to as “Body Braking ” and is accomplished TM through the “Body Braking Comparator” located in the Phase IC. If the Error Amplifier’s output voltage drops below 91% of the VDAC voltage this comparator turns off the low side gate driver. Lossless Average Inductor Current Sensing Inductor current can be sensed by connecting a resistor and a capacitor in parallel with the inductor and measuring the voltage across the capacitor, as shown in Figure 5. The equation of the sensing network is, vCS ( s ) = vL ( s ) 1 RL + sL = iL ( s ) 1 + sRCS CCS 1 + sRCS CCS Usually the resistor Rcs and capacitor Ccs are chosen so that the time constant of Rcs and Ccs equals the time constant of the inductor which is the inductance L over the inductor DCR (RL). If the two time constants match, the voltage across Ccs is proportional to the current through L, and the sense circuit can be treated as if only a sense resistor with the value of RL was used. The mismatch of the time constants does not affect the measurement of inductor DC current, but affects the AC component of the inductor current. Page 9 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF vL iL Current Sense Amp L RL RCS CCS VO CO c vCS CSOUT Figure 5. Inductor Current Sensing and Current Sense Amplifier The advantage of sensing the inductor current versus high side or low side sensing is that actual output current being delivered to the load is obtained rather than peak or sampled information about the switch currents. The output voltage can be positioned to meet a load line based on real time information. Except for a sense resistor in series with inductor, this is the only sense method that can support a single cycle transient response. Other methods provide no information during either load increase (low side sensing) or load decrease (high side sensing). An additional problem associated with peak or valley current mode control for voltage positioning is that they suffer from peak-to-average errors. These errors will show in many ways but one example is the effect of frequency variation. If the frequency of a particular unit is 10% low, the peak to peak inductor current will be 10% larger and the output impedance of the converter will drop by about 10%. Variations in inductance, current sense amplifier bandwidth, PWM prop delay, any added slope compensation, input voltage, and output voltage are all additional sources of peak-to-average errors. Current Sense Amplifier This is a high speed differential current sense amplifier, as shown in Figure 5. Its gain decreases with increasing temperature and is nominally 34 at 25ºC and 29 at 125ºC (-1470 ppm/ºC). This reduction of gain tends to compensate the 3850 ppm/ºC increase in inductor DCR. Since in most designs the Phase IC junction is hotter than the inductor these two effects tend to cancel such that no additional temperature compensation of the load line is required. The current sense amplifier can accept positive differential input up to 100mV and negative up to -20mV before clipping. The output of the current sense amplifier is summed with the DAC voltage and sent to the Control IC and other Phases through an on-chip 10KΩ resistor connected to the ISHARE pin. The ISHARE pins of all the phases are tied together and the voltage on the share bus represents the average current being delivered to the load and is used by the Control IC for voltage positioning and current limit protection. Average Current Share Loop Current sharing between phases of the converter is achieved by the average current share loop in each Phase IC. The output of the current sense amplifier is compared with the share bus less a 20mV offset. If current in a phase is smaller than the average current, the share adjust error amplifier of the phase will activate a current source that reduces the slope of its PWM ramp thereby increasing its duty cycle and output current. The crossover frequency of the current share loop can be programmed with a capacitor at the SCOMP pin so that the share loop does not interact with the output voltage loop. Page 10 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF IR3086A THEORY OF OPERATION Block Diagram The Block diagram of the IR3086A is shown in Fig. 6, and specific features are discussed in the following sections. RAMP COMPARATOR CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR S PWM COMPARATOR - EAIN - - R + SYSTEM BIASIN REFERENCE VOLTAGE + GATE NON-OVERLAP COMPARATORS ENABLE + BIASIN GATEH RESET DOMINANT ENABLE + PWMRMP 2V - + RMPIN- VCCH + RMPIN+ PWM LATCH - RAMP DISCHARGE CLAMP - RAMP SLOPE VDAC ADJUST BODY BRAKING COMPARATOR VCCL GATEL + - SHARE ADJUST ERROR SCOMP AMP INTERNAL VCC CIRCUIT BIAS VDAC + VDAC VRHOT COMPARATOR - X34 CSIN+ CSINPHSFLT + + DACIN CURRENT SENSE AMP - + VCC + - + - HOTSET 125mV 20mV LGND VRHOT OVP COMPARATOR + 10K + + - + ISHARE - VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL TO ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE - SCOMP PGND X 0.91 FAULT COMPARATOR Figure 6 – IR3086A Block Diagram Tri-State Gate Drivers The gate drivers can deliver up to 3A peak current. An adaptive non-overlap circuit monitors the voltage on the GATEH and GATEL pins to prevent MOSFET shoot-through current while minimizing body diode conduction. An Enable signal is provided by the Control IC to the Phase IC without the addition of a dedicated signal line. The Error Amplifier output of the Control IC drives low in response to any fault condition such as input under voltage or TM output overload. The IR3086A Body Braking comparator detects this and drives both gate outputs low. This tristate operation prevents negative inductor current and negative output voltage during power-down. The Gate Drivers revert to a high impedance “off” state if VCCL and VCCH supply voltages are below the normal operating range. An 80kΩ resistor is connected across the GATEH/GATEL and PGND pins to prevent the GATEH/GATEL voltage from rising due to leakage or other causes under these conditions. Over Voltage Protection (OVP) The IR3086A includes over-voltage protection that turns on the low side MOSFET to protect the load in the event of a shorted high-side MOSFET or connection of the converter output to an excessive output voltage. A comparator monitors the voltage at the CSIN- pin which is usually connected directly to the converter output. If the voltage exceeds the DACIN voltage plus 125mV typical (100mV minimum and 160mV maximum) the GATEL pin drives high. The OVP circuit overrides the normal PWM operation and will fully turn-on the low side MOSFET within approximately 150ns. The low side MOSFET will remain ON until the over-voltage condition ceases. Page 11 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF When designing for OVP the overall system must be considered. In many cases the over-current protection of the AC-DC or DC-DC converter supplying the multiphase converter will be triggered thus providing effective protection without damage as long as all PCB traces and components are sized to handle the worst-case maximum current. If this is not possible a fuse can be added in the input supply to the multiphase converter. One scenario to be careful of is where the input voltage to the multiphase converter may be pulled below the level where the ICs can provide adequate voltage to the low side MOSFET thus defeating OVP. Dynamic changes in the VID code to a lower output voltage may trigger OVP. For example; a 250mV decrease in output voltage combined with a light load condition will cause the low side MOSFETs to turn on and interfere with TM TM Body Braking . This will not cause a problem, however, as Body Braking will resume once the output voltage is less than 125mV above the VID voltage. Since CSIN- pin is also used as the inductor current sensing input, it is usually connected to the local converter output, which may be far away from the load of the multiphase converter. Excessive distribution impedance between the converter and load may trigger OVP during normal operation. If the voltage drop across the distribution impedance exceeds the minimum OVP comparator threshold of 100mV plus VID offset and voltage positioning, the IR3086A can not be used. The IR3088 Phase IC without OVP should be used instead in applications with excessive distribution impedance and very small or no AVP. For example, a converter having 25mV of VID offset, 125mV of AVP at full load, and 100mV of drop in the distribution path at full load would be OK, since 100mV + 25mV + 125mV = 250mV which is greater than the 100mV drop. However, a converter having 25mV of VID offset, no AVP, and 130mV of drop in the distribution path would require IR3088, since 100mV + 25mV + 0mV = 125mV which is smaller than the 130mV drop. Converter with programmable higher output voltage than VID voltage may also trigger OVP during normal operation, and IR3088 should be used to replace IR3086A. Thermal Monitoring (VRHOT) The IR3086A senses its own die temperature and produces a voltage at the input of the VRHOT comparator that is proportional to temperature. An external resistor divider connected from VBIAS to the HOTSET pin and ground can be used to program the thermal trip point of the VRHOT comparator. The VRHOT pin is an open-collector output and should be pulled up to a voltage source through a resistor. If the thermal trip point is reached the VRHOT output drives low. Phase Fault It is possible for multiphase converters to appear to be working correctly with one or more phases not functioning. The output voltage can still be regulated and the full load current may still be delivered. However, the remaining phase(s) will be stressed far beyond their intended design limits and are likely to fail. Loss of a phase can occur due to poor solder connections or mounting during the manufacturing process, or can occur in the field. The most common failure mode of a buck converter is failure of the high side MOSFET. The IR3086A has the ability to detect if a phase stops switching and can provide this information to the system through the PHSFLT output pin. If a phase stops switching its output current will drop to zero and the output of the current sense amplifier will be the DACIN voltage. The Share Adjust Amplifier reacts to this by increasing the Ramp Slope Adjust current until it exceeds the externally programmable PWM Ramp bias current. This will cause the voltage at the PWMRMP pin to drop below its normal operating range. The Fault Comparator trips and drives the PHSFLT output to ground when the voltage on the PWMRMP pin falls below 91% of the DACIN voltage. PHSFLT is an open-collector output and should be pulled up to a voltage source through a resistor. Page 12 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF APPLICATION INFORMATION POWERGOOD VRHOT PHASE FAULT 12V RCSQGATE VGATE RVCC 10 ohm CCS+ CCSRBIASIN RCS+ 20k DBST 16 18 17 CSIN+ 13 VOUT+ 12 DISTRIBUTION IMPEDANCE 11 COUT VOUTVCC LGND PWMRMP CVCCL RVCC 10 EAIN SCOMP 7 6 RPHASE13 L VOUT SENSE- RPWMRMP 19 RCP 18 CCP RCS- RDRP1 CDRP 16 CCS+ CCP1 CCS- 15 RBIASIN RCS+ 20k VRHOT CSIN+ 16 17 CSIN- DACIN ISHARE SCOMP RPHASE22 6 RPHASE23 CIN CSCOMP GATEH PGND GATEL VCCL 15 14 L 13 12 11 VCC HOTSET 10 4 CBST VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- LGND RSHARE 5 CVDAC RMPIN+ 9 RVDAC 19 20 3 ROSC PHSFLT BIASIN 2 PWMRMP 1 EAIN ROCSET 8 RDRP 18 DBST VDAC ROSC TRM4 14 17 14 8 OCSET GATEL VOUT SENSE+ 15 CVCC 7 IIN CSCOMP PGND CPWMRMP FB VDRP RBBDRP GATEH VCCL CPWMRMP 8 RPHASE12 22 VCC EAOUT VID3 VID4 RFB 21 20 ISHARE RPHASE21 CSS/DEL 23 LGND RMPOUT 27 26 24 25 SS/DEL PWRGD N/C VID2 13 VID4 7 BBFB VID1 TRM3 6 VBIAS IR3081A CONTROL IC VID0 12 VID3 RFB1 VID5 11 5 VOSNS- 4 VID2 TRM2 3 VID1 TRM1 VID0 OSCDS 9 VID5 2 10 1 ENABLE 28 RBBFB CSIN- 20 VRHOT 5 9 HOTSET 4 CFB CIN VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 3 0. 1uF CBST RMPIN+ 2 ENABLE DACIN BIASIN 1 PHSFLT RPHASE11 CVCC 0.1uF 19 DGATE RGATE CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC RCSCCS+ CCSRBIASIN RCS+ 20k 16 CSIN+ CSIN- 19 17 20 CSCOMP GATEH PGND GATEL 15 14 L 13 12 11 10 VCC VCCL LGND SCOMP EAIN ISHARE 6 RPHASE33 DACIN BIASIN VRHOT PWMRMP HOTSET RPHASE32 5 CIN VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 9 4 RMPIN+ 7 3 CPWMRMP 8 2 PHSFLT RPHASE31 1 18 DBST CBST CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC RCSCCS+ CCSRBIASIN RCS+ 20k 16 CSIN+ CSIN- 19 17 20 CSCOMP GATEH PGND GATEL 15 14 L 13 12 11 10 VCC VCCL LGND SCOMP EAIN ISHARE 6 RPHASE43 DACIN BIASI N VRHOT PWMRMP HOTSET RPHASE42 5 CIN VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 9 4 RMPIN+ 7 3 CPWMRMP 8 2 PHSFLT RPHASE41 1 18 DBST CBST CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC RCSCCS+ CCSRBIASIN RCS+ 20k 16 CSIN+ CSIN- 19 17 20 CIN CSCOMP GATEH PGND GATEL 15 14 L 13 12 11 10 VCC VCCL LGND SCOMP EAIN ISHARE 6 RPHASE53 DACIN BIASIN VRHOT PWMRMP HOTSET RPHASE52 5 9 4 CBST VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 7 3 RMPIN+ CPWMRMP 8 2 PHSFLT RPHASE51 1 18 DBST RCS+ CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC RCSCCS+ CCSRBIASIN RCS+ 20k RPHASE63 16 CSIN+ CSIN- 20 17 19 DACIN BI ASIN CIN GATEH PGND GATEL 15 14 L 13 12 11 VCC VCCL 10 SCOMP 6 CSCOMP EAIN ISHARE LGND VRHOT PWMRMP HOTSET RPHASE62 5 9 4 CBST VCCH IR3086A PHASE IC RMPIN- 7 3 RMPIN+ CPWMRMP 8 2 PHSFLT RPHASE61 1 18 DBST RCS+ CVCCL RVCC RPWMRMP CVCC Figure 7. IR3081A/IR3086A Six-Phase VRM/EVRD 10 Converter Page 13 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF DESIGN PROCEDURES – IR3081A AND IR3086A CHIPSET IR3081A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Oscillator Resistor Rosc The oscillator of IR3081A generates a triangle waveform to synchronize the phase ICs, and the switching frequency of the each phase converter equals the oscillator frequency, which is set by the external resistor ROSC according to the curve in Figure 13 of IR3081A Data Sheet. Soft Start Capacitor CSS/DEL Because the capacitor CSS/DEL programs four different time parameters, i.e. soft start delay time, soft start time, over-current latch delay time, and power good delay time, they should be considered together while choosing CSS/DEL. The SS/DEL pin voltage controls the slew rate of the converter output voltage, as shown in Figure 10 of IR3081A. After the ENABLE pin voltage rises above 0.6V, there is a soft-start delay time tSSDEL, after which the error amplifier output is released to allow the soft start. The soft start time tSS represents the time during which converter voltage rises from zero to VO. tSS can be programmed by an external capacitor, which is determined by Equation (1). C SS / DEL = I CHG * t SS 70 * 10 −6 * t SS = VO VO (1) Once CSS/DEL is chosen, the soft start delay time tSSDEL, the over-current fault latch delay time tOCDEL, and the delay time tVccPG from output voltage (VO) in regulation to Power Good are fixed and shown in Equations (2), (3) and (4) respectively. tSSDEL = CSS / DEL *1.3 CSS / DEL *1.3 = I CHG 70 *10−6 (2) tOCDEL = CSS / DEL * 0.115 CSS / DEL * 0.115 = I OCDISCHG 40 *10 −6 (3) CSS / DEL * (3.8 − 0.065 − VO − 1.3) CSS / DEL * (3.735 − VO − 1.3) = I CHG 70 *10−6 tVccPG = (4) VDAC Slew Rate Programming Capacitor CVDAC and Resistor RVDAC The slew rate of VDAC down-slope SRDOWN can be programmed by the external capacitor CVDAC as defined in Equation (5), where ISINK is the sink current of VDAC pin as shown in Figure 15 of IR3081A Data Sheet. The resistor RVDAC is used to compensate VDAC circuit and is determined by Equation (6). The slew rate of VDAC upslope SRUP is proportional to that of VDAC down-slope and is given by Equation (7), where ISOURCE is the source current of VDAC pin as shown in Figure15 of IR3081A Data Sheet. CVDAC = I SINK SR DOWN RVDAC = 0.5 + SRUP = Page 14 of 33 3.2 ∗ 10 −15 CVDAC 2 I SOURCE CVDAC (5) (6) (7) May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Over Current Setting Resistor ROCSET The inductor DC resistance is utilized to sense the inductor current. The copper wire of inductor has a constant temperature coefficient of 3850 ppm/°C, and therefore the maximum inductor DCR can be calculated from Equation (8), where RL_MAX and RL_ROOM are the inductor DCR at maximum temperature TL_MAX and room temperature T_ROOM respectively. R L _ MAX = R L _ ROOM ∗ [1 + 3850 * 10 −6 ∗ (TL _ MAX − TROOM )] (8) The current sense amplifier gain decreases with temperature at the rate of 1470 ppm/°C, which compensates part of the inductor DCR increase. The phase IC die temperature is only a couple of degrees Celsius higher than the PCB temperature due to the low thermal impedance of MLPQ package. The minimum current sense amplifier gain at the maximum phase IC temperature TIC_MAX is calculated from Equation (9). GCS _ MIN = GCS _ ROOM ∗ [1 − 1470 * 10 −6 ∗ (TIC _ MAX − TROOM )] (9) The total input offset voltage (VCS_TOFST) of current sense amplifier in phase ICs is the sum of input offset (VCS_OFST) of the amplifier itself and that created by the amplifier input bias currents flowing through the current sense resistors RCS+ and RCS-. VCS _ TOFST = VCS _ OFST + I CSIN + ∗ RCS + − I CSIN − ∗ RCS − (10) The over current limit is set by the external resistor ROCSET as defined in Equation (11), where ILIMIT is the required over current limit. IOCSET, the bias current of OCSET pin, changes with switching frequency setting resistor ROSC and is determined by the curve in Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet. KP is the ratio of inductor peak current over average current in each phase and is calculated from Equation (12). ROCSET = [ KP = I LIMIT ∗ RL _ MAX ∗ (1 + K P ) + VCS _ TOFST ] ∗ GCS _ MIN / I OCSET n (VI − VO ) ∗ VO /( L ∗ VI ∗ f SW ∗ 2) IO / n (11) (12) No Load Output Voltage Setting Resistor RFB and Adaptive Voltage Positioning Resistor RDRP A resistor between FB pin and the converter output is used to create output voltage offset VO_NLOFST, which is the difference between VDAC voltage and output voltage at no load condition. Adaptive voltage positioning further lowers the converter voltage by RO*IO, where RO is the required output impedance of the converter. RFB is not only determined by IFB, the current flowing out of FB pin as shown in Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet, but also affected by the adaptive voltage positioning resistor RDRP and total input offset voltage of current sense amplifiers. RFB and RDRP are determined by (13) and (14) respectively. R FB = R L _ MAX ∗ VO _ NLOFST − VCS _ TOFST ∗ n ∗ RO R DRP = Body Braking TM I FB ∗ R L _ MAX R FB ∗ R L _ MAX ∗ GCS _ MIN n ∗ RO (13) (14) Related Resistors RBBFB and RBBDRP TM The Body Braking during Dynamic VID can be disabled by connecting BBFB pin to ground. If the feature is enabled, Resistors RBBFB and RBBDRP are needed to restore the feedback voltage of the error amplifier after Dynamic VID step down. Usually RBBFB and RBBDRP are chosen to match RFB and RDRP respectively. Page 15 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF IR3086A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS PWM Ramp Resistor RPWMRMP and Capacitor CPWMRMP PWM ramp is generated by connecting the resistor RPWMRMP between a voltage source and PWMRMP pin as well as the capacitor CPWMRMP between PWMRMP and LGND. Choose the desired PWM ramp magnitude VRAMP and the capacitor CPWMRMP in the range of 100pF and 470pF, and then calculate the resistor RPWMRMP from Equation (15). To achieve feed-forward voltage mode control, the resistor RRAMP should be connected to the input of the converter. VO (15) RPWMRMP = VIN * f SW * CPWMRMP * [ln(VIN − VDAC ) − ln(VIN − VDAC − VPWMRMP )] Inductor Current Sensing Capacitor CCS+ and Resistors RCS+ and RCSThe DC resistance of the inductor is utilized to sense the inductor current. Usually the resistor RCS+ and capacitor CCS+ in parallel with the inductor are chosen to match the time constant of the inductor, and therefore the voltage across the capacitor CCS+ represents the inductor current. If the two time constants are not the same, the AC component of the capacitor voltage is different from that of the real inductor current. The time constant mismatch does not affect the average current sharing among the multiple phases, but affect the current signal ISHARE as well as the output voltage during the load current transient if adaptive voltage positioning is adopted. Measure the inductance L and the inductor DC resistance RL. Pre-select the capacitor CCS+ and calculate RCS+ as follows. L RL (16) RCS + = C CS + The bias current flowing out of the non-inverting input of the current sense amplifier creates a voltage drop across RCS+, which is equivalent to an input offset voltage of the current sense amplifier. The offset affects the accuracy of converter current signal ISHARE as well as the accuracy of the converter output voltage if adaptive voltage positioning is adopted. To reduce the offset voltage, a resistor RCS- should be added between the amplifier inverting input and the converter output. The resistor RCS- is determined by the ratio of the bias current from the non-inverting input and the bias current from the inverting input. I (17) RCS − = CSIN + ∗ RCS + I CSIN − If RCS- is not used, RCS+ should be chosen so that the offset voltage is small enough. Usually RCS+ should be less than 2 kΩ and therefore a larger CCS+ value is needed. Over Temperature Setting Resistors RHOTSET1 and RHOTSET2 The threshold voltage of VRHOT comparator is proportional to the die temperature TJ (ºC) of phase IC. Determine the relationship between the die temperature of phase IC and the temperature of the power converter according to the power loss, PCB layout and airflow etc, and then calculate HOTSET threshold voltage corresponding to the allowed maximum temperature from Equation (18). V HOTSET = 4.73 * 10 −3 * T J + 1.241 (18) There are two ways to set the over temperature threshold, central setting and local setting. In the central setting, only one resistor divider is used, and the setting voltage is connected to HOTSET pins of all the phase ICs. To reduce the influence of noise on the accuracy of over temperature setting, a 0.1uF capacitor should be placed next to HOTSET pin of each phase IC. In the local setting, a resistor divider per phase is needed, and the setting voltage is connected to HOTSET pin of each phase. The 0.1uF decoupling capacitor is not necessary. Use VBIAS as the reference voltage. If RHOTSET1 is pre-selected, RHOTSET2 can be calculated as follows. R ∗V (19) RHOTSET 2 = HOTSET 1 HOTSET VBIAS − VHOTSET Page 16 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Phase Delay Timing Resistors RPHASE1 and RPHASE2 The phase delay of the interleaved multiphase converter is programmed by the resistor divider connected at RMPIN+ or RMPIN- depending on which slope of the oscillator ramp is used for the phase delay programming of phase IC, as shown in Figure 3. If the upslope is used, RMPIN+ pin of the phase IC should be connected to RMPOUT pin of the control IC and RMPIN- pin should be connected to the resistor divider. When RMPOUT voltage is above the trip voltage at RMPIN- pin, the PWM latch is set. GATEL becomes low, and GATEH becomes high after the non-overlap time. If down slope is used, RMPIN- pin of the phase IC should be connected to RMPOUT pin of the control IC and RMPIN+ pin should be connected to the resistor divider. When RMPOUT voltage is below the trip voltage at RMPIN- pin, the PWM latch is set. GATEL becomes low, and GATEH becomes high after the non-overlap time. Use VBIAS voltage as the reference for the resistor divider since the oscillator ramp magnitude from control IC tracks VBIAS voltage. Try to avoid both edges of the oscillator ramp for better noise immunity. Determine the ratio of the programming resistors corresponding to the desired switching frequencies and phase numbers. If the resistor RPHASEx1 is pre-selected, the resistor RPHASEx2 is determined as: R PHASEx 2 = RAPHASEx ∗ R PHASEx1 1 − RAPHASEx (20) Combined Over Temperature and Phase Delay Setting Resistors RPHASE1, RPHASE2 and RPHASE3 The over temperature setting resistor divider can be combined with the phase delay resistor divider to save one resistor per phase. Calculate the HOTSET threshold voltage VHOTSET corresponding to the allowed maximum temperature from Equation (18). If the over temperature setting voltage is lower than the phase delay setting voltage, VBIAS*RAPHASEx, connect RMPIN+ or RMPIN- pin between RPHASEx1 and RPHASEx2, and connect HOTSET pin between RPHASEx2 and RPHASEx3. Pre-select RPHASEx1, RPHASEx 2 = ( RAPHASEx ∗ VBIAS − VHOTSET ) * RPHASEx1 VBIAS ∗ (1 − RAPHASEx ) (21) RPHASEx 3 = VHOTSET ∗ RPHASEx1 VBIAS * (1 − RAPHASEx ) (22) If the over temperature setting voltage is higher than the phase delay setting voltage, VBIAS*RAPHASEx, connect HOTSET pin between RPHASEx1 and RPHASEx2, and connect RMPIN+ or RMPIN- between RPHASEx2 and RPHASEx3. Pre-select RPHASEx1, R PHASEx 2 = (V HOTSET − RAPHASEx ∗ V BIAS ) ∗ R PHASEx1 V BIAS − V HOTSET (23) RPHASEx 3 = RAPHASEx ∗ VBIAS * RPHASEx1 VBIAS − VHOTSET (24) Bootstrap Capacitor CBST Depending on the duty cycle and gate drive current of the phase IC, a 0.1uF to 1uF capacitor is needed for the bootstrap circuit. Decoupling Capacitors for Phase IC 0.1uF-1uF decoupling capacitors are required at VCC and VCCL pins of phase ICs. Page 17 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF VOLTAGE LOOP COMPENSATION The adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) is usually adopted in the computer applications to improve the transient response and reduce the power loss at heavy load. Like current mode control, the adaptive voltage positioning loop introduces extra zero to the voltage loop and splits the double poles of the power stage, which make the voltage loop compensation much easier. Resistors RFB and RDRP are chosen according to Equations (13) and (14), and the selection of compensation types depends on the output capacitors used in the converter. For the applications using Electrolytic, Polymer or ALPolymer capacitors and running at lower frequency, type II compensation shown in Figure 8(a) is usually enough. While for the applications using only ceramic capacitors and running at higher frequency, type III compensation shown in Figure 8(b) is preferred. For applications where AVP is not required, the compensation is the same as for the regular voltage mode control. For converter using Polymer, AL-Polymer, and ceramic capacitors, which have much higher ESR zero frequency, type III compensation is required as shown in Figure 8(b) with RDRP and CDRP removed. CCP1 CCP1 RFB RCP CCP VO+ RCP CCP RFB1 CFB FB - RFB VO+ FB - RDRP EAOUT VDAC RDRP VDRP EAOUT EAOUT + (a) Type II compensation EAOUT VDAC VDRP + CDRP (b) Type III compensation Figure 8. Voltage loop compensation network Type II Compensation for AVP Applications Determine the compensation at no load, the worst case condition. Choose the crossover frequency fc between 1/10 and 1/5 of the switching frequency per phase. Assume the time constant of the resistor and capacitor across the output inductors matches that of the inductor, and determine RCP and CCP from Equations (25) and (26), where LE and CE are the equivalent inductance of output inductors and the equivalent capacitance of output capacitors respectively. ( 2π ∗ fC ) 2 ∗ LE ∗ CE ∗ RFB ∗ VPWMRMP (25) RCP = VO * 1 + ( 2π * fC * C * RC ) 2 CCP = 10 ∗ LE ∗ C E RCP (26) CCP1 is optional and may be needed in some applications to reduce the jitter caused by the high frequency noise. A ceramic capacitor between 10pF and 220pF is usually enough. Type III Compensation for AVP Applications Determine the compensation at no load, the worst case condition. Assume the time constant of the resistor and capacitor across the output inductors matches that of the inductor, the crossover frequency and phase margin of the voltage loop can be estimated by Equations (27) and (28), where RLE is the equivalent resistance of inductor DCR. f C1 = Page 18 of 33 RDRP 2π * CE ∗ GCS * RFB ∗ RLE (27) May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF θ C1 = 90 − A tan(0.5) ∗ 180 (28) π Choose the desired crossover frequency fc around fc1 estimated by Equation (27) or choose fc between 1/10 and 1/5 of the switching frequency per phase, and select the components to ensure the slope of close loop gain is -20dB /Dec around the crossover frequency. Choose resistor RFB1 according to Equation (29), and determine CFB and RDRP from Equations (30) and (31). 1 R FB 2 R FB1 = to R FB1 = 2 R FB 3 1 CFB = (29) (30) 4π ∗ fC ∗ RFB1 ( R FB + R FB1 ) ∗ C FB (31) R DRP RCP and CCP have limited effect on the crossover frequency, and are used only to fine tune the crossover frequency and transient load response. Determine RCP and CCP from Equations (32) and (33). C DRP = RCP = (2π ∗ fC ) 2 ∗ LE ∗ CE ∗ RFB ∗ VPWMRMP VO CCP = 10 ∗ LE ∗ C E (32) (33) RCP CCP1 is optional and may be needed in some applications to reduce the jitter caused by the high frequency noise. A ceramic capacitor between 10pF and 220pF is usually enough. Type III Compensation for Non-AVP Applications Resistor RFB is chosen according to Equations (13), and resistor RDRP and capacitor CDRP are not needed. Choose the crossover frequency fc between 1/10 and 1/5 of the switching frequency per phase and select the desired phase margin θc. Calculate K factor from Equation (34), and determine the component values based on Equations (35) to (39), π θ K = tan[ ∗ ( C + 1.5)] 4 180 RCP = RFB ∗ (34) ( 2π ∗ LE ∗ CE ∗ fC ) 2 ∗ VPWMRMP VO ∗ K (35) CCP = K 2π ∗ fC ∗ RCP (36) CCP1 = 1 2π ∗ fC ∗ K ∗ RCP (37) CFB = K 2π ∗ fC ∗ RFB (38) R FB1 = Page 19 of 33 1 2π ∗ f C ∗ K ∗ C FB (39) May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF CURRENT SHARE LOOP COMPENSATION The crossover frequency of the current share loop should be at least one decade lower than that of the voltage loop in order to eliminate the interaction between the two loops. A capacitor from SCOMP to ground is usually enough for the share loop compensation. Choose the crossover frequency of current share loop (fCI) based on the crossover frequency of voltage loop (fC), and determine the CSCOMP, CSCOMP = 0.65 * RPWMRMP * VI * I O * GCS _ ROOM * RLE * [1 + 2π * fCI * CE * (VO I O )] * FMI VO ∗ 2π ∗ fCI *1.05 *106 (40) Where FMI is the PWM gain in the current share loop, FMI = Page 20 of 33 RPWMRMP * CPWMRMP * f SW *V PWMRMP (VI − VPWMRMP − VDAC ) * (VI − VDAC ) (41) May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 - VRM 10 2U CONVERTER SPECIFICATIONS Input Voltage: VI=12 V DAC Voltage: VDAC=1.35 V No Load Output Voltage Offset: VO_NLOFST=20 mV Output Current: IO=105 ADC Maximum Output Current: IOMAX=120 ADC Output Impedance: RO=0.91 mΩ VCC Ready to VCC Power Good Delay: tVccPG=0-10mS Soft Start Time: tSS=2 mS Over Current Delay: tOCDEL< 0.5mS Dynamic VID Down-Slope Slew Rate: SRDOWN=2.5mV/uS Over Temperature Threshold: TPCB=115 ºC POWER STAGE Phase Number: n=6 Switching Frequency: fSW =400 kHz Output Inductors: L=220 nH, RL=0.47 mΩ Output Capacitors: AL-Polymer, C=560uF, RC= 7mΩ, Number Cn=10 IR3081A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Oscillator Resistor Rosc Once the switching frequency is chosen, ROSC can be determined from the curve in Figure 13 of IR3081A Data Sheet. For switching frequency of 400kHz per phase, choose ROSC=30.1kΩ Soft Start Capacitor CSS/DEL Determine the soft start capacitor from the required soft start time. C SS / DEL = I CHG ∗ t SS 70 *10 −6 ∗ 2 *10 −3 = = 0.1uF VO 1.35 − 20 *10 −3 The soft start delay time is CSS / DEL ∗ 1.3 0.1 *10 −6 ∗1.3 = = 1.86mS I CHG 70 *10− 6 tSSDEL = The power good delay time is tVccPG = CSS / DEL * (3.735 − VO − 1.3) 0.1*10−6 * (3.735 − 1.33 − 1.3) = = 1.58ms I CHG 70 *10−6 Over current delay time is tOCDEL = CSS / DEL * 0.115 0.1 *10−6 * 0.115 = = 0.29ms I OCDISCHG 40 *10−6 Page 21 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF VDAC Slew Rate Programming Capacitor CVDAC and Resistor RVDAC From Figure 15 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the sink current of VDAC pin corresponding to 400kHz (ROSC=30.1kΩ) is 76uA. Calculate the VDAC down-slope slew-rate programming capacitor from the required down-slope slew rate. CVDAC = I SINK 76 * 10 −6 = = 30.4nF , Choose CVDAC=33nF SR DOWN 2.5 * 10 −3 / 10 −6 Calculate the programming resistor. RVDAC = 0.5 + 3.2 * 10 −15 CVDAC 2 = 0.5 + 3.2 * 10 −15 (33 * 10 −9 ) 2 = 3.5Ω From Figure 15 or IR3081A Data Sheet, the source current of VDAC pin is 110uA. The VDAC up-slope slew rate is SRUP = I SOURCE 110 * 10 −6 = = 3.3mV / uS CVDAC 33 * 10 −9 Over Current Setting Resistor ROCSET The room temperature is 25ºC and the target PCB temperature is 100 ºC. The phase IC die temperature is about 1 ºC higher than that of phase IC, and the inductor temperature is close to PCB temperature. Calculate Inductor DC resistance at 100 ºC, RL _ MAX = RL _ ROOM ∗ [1 + 3850*10−6 ∗ (TL _ MAX − TROOM )] = 0.47 *10−3 ∗ [1 + 3850*10−6 ∗ (100 − 25)] = 0.61mΩ The current sense amplifier gain is 34 at 25ºC, and its gain at 101ºC is calculated as, G CS _ MIN = G CS _ ROOM ∗ [1 − 1470 *10 −6 ∗ (T IC _ MAX − T ROOM )] = 34 ∗ [1 − 1470 *10 −6 ∗ (101 − 25)] = 30.2 Set the over current limit at 135A. From Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the bias current of OCSET pin (IOCSET) is 41uA with ROSC=30.1kΩ. The total current sense amplifier input offset voltage is 0.55mV, which includes the offset created by the current sense amplifier input resistor mismatch. Calculate constant KP, the ratio of inductor peak current over average current in each phase, KP = (V I − VO ) ∗ VO /( L ∗ V I ∗ f SW ∗ 2) (12 − 1.33) ∗ 1.33 /( 220 * 10 −9 ∗ 12 ∗ 400 * 10 3 ∗ 2) = = 0.3 I LIMIT / n 135 / 6 ROCSET = [ =( RLIMIT ∗ RL _ MAX ∗ (1 + K P ) + VCS _ TOFST ] ∗ GCS _ MIN / I OCSET n 135 ∗ 0.61 *10 −3 ∗ 1.3 + 0.55 *10 −3 ) ∗ 30.2 /( 41 *10 − 6 ) = 13.3kΩ 6 No Load Output Voltage Setting Resistor RFB and Adaptive Voltage Positioning Resistor RDRP From Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the bias current of FB pin is 41uA with ROSC=30.1kΩ. R FB = RDRP = R L _ MAX ∗ V O _ NLOFST − V CS _ TOFST ∗ n ∗ R O I FB ∗ R L _ MAX RFB ∗ RL _ MAX ∗ GCS _ MIN n ∗ RO Page 22 of 33 = = 0 .61 * 10 −3 ∗ 20 * 10 −3 − 0 .55 * 10 −3 ∗ 6 ∗ 0 .91 * 10 −3 41 * 10 − 6 ∗ 0 .61 * 10 − 3 = 365 Ω 365 ∗ 0.61 *10−3 ∗ 30.2 = 1.21kΩ 6 ∗ 0.91 *10−3 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Body Braking TM Related Resistors RBBFB and RBBDRP N/A. The body braking during Dynamic VID is disabled. IR3081A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS PWM Ramp Resistor RPWMRMP and Capacitor CPWMRMP Set PWM ramp magnitude VPWMRMP=0.8V. Choose 220pF for PWM ramp capacitor CPWMRMP, and calculate the resistor RPWMRMP, VO RPWMRMP = VIN ∗ f SW ∗ CPWMRMP ∗ [ln(VIN − VDAC ) − ln(VIN − VDAC − VPWMRMP )] 1.33 = 3 12 ∗ 400 *10 ∗ 220 *10 −12 = 16.1kΩ , choose RPWMRMP=16.2kΩ ∗ [ln(12 − 1.35) − ln(12 − 1.35 − 0.8)] Inductor Current Sensing Capacitor CCS+ and Resistors RCS+ and RCSChoose CCS+=47nF, and calculate RCS+, RCS + = L RL 220 *10−9 /(0.47 *10−3 ) = = 10.0kΩ CCS + 47 *10 −9 The bias currents of CSIN+ and CSIN- are 0.25uA and 0.4uA respectively. Calculate resistor RCS-, RCS − = 0.25 0.25 ∗ RCS + = ∗ 10.0 *103 = 6.2kΩ , choose RCS-=6.19kΩ 0.4 0.4 Over Temperature Setting Resistors RHOTSET1 and RHOTSET2 Use central over-temperature setting and set the temperature threshold at 115 ºC, which corresponds to the IC die temperature of 116 ºC. Calculate the HOTSET threshold voltage corresponding to the temperature thresholds. V HOTSET = 4.73 * 10 −3 * TJ + 1.241 = 4.73 * 10 −3 ∗ 116 + 1.241 = 1.79V Pre-select RHOTSET1=10.0kΩ, R HOTSET 2 = R HOTSET 1 ∗ V HOTSET 10 *10 3 ∗1.79 = = 3.57 kΩ V BIAS − V HOTSET 6.8 − 1.79 Phase Delay Timing Resistors RPHASE1 and RPHASE2 Use central over-temperature setting and set the temperature threshold at 115 ºC, which corresponds to the IC die temperature of 116 ºC. Calculate the HOTSET threshold voltage corresponding to the temperature thresholds. The phase delay resistor ratios for phases 1 to 6 at 400kHz of switching frequencies are RAPHASE1=0.628, RAPHASE2=0.415, RAPHASE3=0.202, RAPHASE4=0.246, RAPHASE5=0.441 and RAPHASE6=0.637 starting from downslope. Pre-select RPHASE11=RPHASE21=RPHASE31=RPHASE41=RPHASE51= RPHASE61=10kΩ, RPHASE12 = RAPHASE1 0.628 ∗ RPHASE11 = ∗ 10 *103 = 16.9kΩ 1 − RAPHASE1 1 − 0.628 RPHASE22=7.15kΩ, RPHASE32=2.55kΩ, RPHASE42=3.24kΩ, PPHASE52=7.87kΩ, RPHASE62=17.4kΩ Page 23 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Bootstrap Capacitor CBST Choose CBST=0.1uF Decoupling Capacitors for Phase IC and Power Stage Choose CVCC=0.1uF, CVCCL=0.1uF VOLTAGE LOOP COMPENSATION Type II compensation is used for the converter with AL-Polymer output capacitors. Choose the crossover frequency fc=40kHz, which is 1/10 of the switching frequency per phase, and determine Rcp and CCP. RCP = CCP = (2π ∗ fC )2 ∗ LE ∗ CE ∗ RFB ∗ VRAMP VO * 1 + (2π * fC * C * RC )2 10 ∗ LE ∗ CE RCP = = (2π ∗ 40 ∗103 )2 ∗ (220 ∗10−9 / 6) ∗ (560 ∗10−6 ∗10) ∗ 365 ∗ 0.8 (1.35 − 20 ∗10−3 ) * 1 + (2π * 40 *103 * 560 *10−6 * 7 *10−3 )2 10 ∗ ( 220 ∗ 10−9 / 6) ∗ (560 ∗ 10−6 *10) 2.0 ∗ 103 = 2.0kΩ = 71nF , Choose CCP=68nF Choose CCP1=47pF to reduce high frequency noise. CURRENT SHARE LOOP COMPENSATION The crossover frequency of the current share loop fCI should be at least one decade lower than that of the voltage loop fC. Choose the crossover frequency of current share loop fCI=4kHz, and calculate CSCOMP, FMI = RPWMRMP * CPWMRMP * f SW *V PWMRMP 16.2 *103 * 220 *10−12 * 400 *103 * 0.8 = = 0.011 (VI − VPWMRMP − VDAC ) * (VI − VDAC ) (12 − 0.8 − 1.35) * (12 − 1.35) CSCOMP = = 0.65 * RPWMRMP * VI * I O * GCS _ ROOM * RLE * [1 + 2π * fCI * CE * (VO I O )] * FMI VO ∗ 2π ∗ fCI *1.05 *106 0.65 *16.2 *10 3 *12 *105 * 34 * (0.47 *10 −3 6) *[1 + 2π * 4 *10 3 * 560 *10 −6 *10 * (1.33 − 105 * 9.1*10 −4 ) 105] * 0.011 (1.33 − 105 * 9.1*10 − 4 ) ∗ 2π ∗ 4 *10 3 *1.05 *10 6 = 31.4nF Choose CSCOMP=33nF. Page 24 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF DESIGN EXAMPLE 2 - EVRD 10 HIGH FREQUENCY ALL-CERAMIC CONVERTER SPECIFICATIONS Input Voltage: VI=12 V DAC Voltage: VDAC=1.3 V No Load Output Voltage Offset: VO_NLOFST=20 mV Output Current: IO=105 ADC Maximum Output Current: IOMAX=120 ADC Output Impedance: RO=0.91 mΩ VCC Ready to VCC Power Good Delay: tVccPG=0-10mS Soft Start Time: tSS=2.9mS Over Current Delay: tOCDEL < 0.5mS Dynamic VID Down-Slope Slew Rate: SRDOWN=2.5mV/uS Over Temperature Threshold: TPCB=115 ºC POWER STAGE Phase Number: n=6 Switching Frequency: fSW =800 kHz Output Inductors: L=100 nH, RL=0.5 mΩ Output Capacitors: Ceramic, C=22uF, RC= 2mΩ, Number Cn=62 IR3081A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Oscillator Resistor Rosc Once the switching frequency is chosen, ROSC can be determined from the curve in Figure 13 of IR3081A Data Sheet. For switching frequency of 800kHz per phase, choose ROSC=13.3kΩ Soft Start Capacitor CSS/DEL Determine the soft start capacitor from the required soft start time. CSS / DEL = I CHG ∗ tSS 70 *10−6 ∗ 3 *10−3 = = 0.16uF , choose CSS/DEL=0.15uF VO 1.3 − 20 *10−3 The soft start delay time is CSS / DEL ∗ 1.3 0.15 *10−6 ∗ 1.3 = = 2.8mS I CHG 70 *10−6 tSSDEL = The power good delay time is tVccPG = CSS / DEL * (3.735 − VO − 1.3) 0.15 *10−6 * (3.735 − 1.33 − 1.3) = = 2.4ms I CHG 70 *10− 6 Over current delay time is tOCDEL = CSS / DEL * 0.115 0.15 *10−6 * 0.115 = = 0.43ms I OCDISCHG 40 *10− 6 VDAC Slew Rate Programming Capacitor CVDAC and Resistor RVDAC From Figure 15 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the sink current of VDAC pin corresponding to 800kHz (ROSC=13.3kΩ) is 170uA. Calculate the VDAC down-slope slew-rate programming capacitor from the required down-slope slew rate. Page 25 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF CVDAC = I SINK 170 * 10 −6 = = 68nF SR DOWN 2.5 * 10 −3 / 10 −6 Calculate the programming resistor. RVDAC = 0.5 + 3.2 * 10 −15 CVDAC 2 = 0.5 + 3.2 * 10 −15 (68 * 10 −9 ) 2 = 1.2Ω From Figure 15 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the source current of VDAC pin is 250uA. The VDAC up-slope slew rate is SRUP = I SOURCE 250 *10 −6 = = 3.7mV / uS CVDAC 68 *10 −9 Over Current Setting Resistor ROCSET The room temperature is 25ºC and the target PCB temperature is 100 ºC. The phase IC die temperature is about 1 ºC higher than that of phase IC, and the inductor temperature is close to PCB temperature. Calculate Inductor DC resistance at 100 ºC, RL _ MAX = RL _ ROOM ∗ [1 + 3850*10−6 ∗ (TL _ MAX − TROOM )] = 0.5 *10−3 ∗ [1 + 3850*10−6 ∗ (100 − 25)] = 0.64mΩ The current sense amplifier gain is 34 at 25ºC, and its gain at 101ºC is calculated as, G CS _ MIN = G CS _ ROOM ∗ [1 − 1470 *10 −6 ∗ (T IC _ MAX − T ROOM )] = 34 ∗ [1 − 1470 *10 −6 ∗ (101 − 25)] = 30.2 Set the over current limit at 135A. From Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the bias current of OCSET pin (IOCSET) is 90uA with ROSC=13.3kΩ. The total current sense amplifier input offset voltage is 0.55mV, which includes the offset created by the current sense amplifier input resistor mismatch. Calculate constant KP, the ratio of inductor peak current over average current in each phase, KP = (VI − VO ) ∗ VO /( L ∗ VI ∗ f SW ∗ 2) (12 − 1.28) ∗ 1.28 /(100 *10−9 ∗ 12 ∗ 800 *103 ∗ 2) = = 0.32 I LIMIT / n 135 / 6 ROCSET = [ =( RLIMIT ∗ RL _ MAX ∗ (1 + K P ) + VCS _ TOFST ] ∗ GCS _ MIN / I OCSET n 135 ∗ 0.64 *10 −3 ∗ 1.32 + 0.55 *10 − 3 ) * 30.2 /(90 *10 − 6 ) = 6.34 kΩ 6 No Load Output Voltage Setting Resistor RFB and Adaptive Voltage Positioning Resistor RDRP From Figure 14 of IR3081A Data Sheet, the bias current of FB pin is 90uA with ROSC=13.3kΩ. RFB = RL _ MAX ∗ VO _ NLOFST − VCS _ TOFST ∗ n ∗ RO RDRP = I FB ∗ RL _ MAX RFB ∗ RL _ MAX ∗ GCS _ MIN n ∗ RO Body Braking TM = = 0.64 *10 −3 ∗ 20 *10−3 − 0.55 *10−3 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.91 *10−3 = 162Ω 90 *10−6 * 0.64 *10−3 162 ∗ 0.64 *10 −3 * 30.2 = 576Ω 6 ∗ 0.91 *10−3 Related Resistors RBBFB and RBBDRP N/A. The body braking during Dynamic VID is disabled. Page 26 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF IR3086A EXTERNAL COMPONENTS PWM Ramp Resistor RPWMRMP and Capacitor CPWMRMP Set PWM ramp magnitude VPWMRMP=0.75V. Choose 100pF for PWM ramp capacitor CPWMRMP, and calculate the resistor RPWMRMP, VO RPWMRMP = VIN * f SW * CPWMRMP * [ln(VIN − VDAC ) − ln(VIN − VDAC − VPWMRMP )] = 1.28 = 18.2kΩ 3 − 12 12 ∗ 800 *10 ∗ 100 *10 ∗ [ln(12 − 1.3) − ln(12 − 1.3 − 0.75)] Inductor Current Sensing Capacitor CCS+ and Resistors RCS+ and RCSChoose 47nF for capacitor CCS+, and calculate RCS+, RCS + = L RL 100 *10 −9 /(0.5 *10−3 ) = = 4.22kΩ CCS + 47 *10 −9 The bias currents of CSIN+ and CSIN- are 0.25uA and 0.4uA respectively. Calculate resistor RCS-, RCS − = 0.25 0.25 ∗ RCS + = ∗ 4.22 *10 3 = 2.61kΩ 0.4 0.4 Combined Over Temperature and Phase Delay Setting Resistors RPHASEx1, RPHASEx2 and RPHASEx3 The over temperature setting resistor divider is combined with the phase delay resistor divider. Set the temperature threshold at 115 ºC, which corresponds to the IC die temperature of 116 ºC, and calculate the HOTSET threshold voltage corresponding to the temperature thresholds. V HOTSET = 4.73 * 10 −3 ∗ TJ + 1.241 = 4.73 * 10 −3 ∗ 116 + 1.241 = 1.79V The phase delay resistor ratios for phases 1 to 6 at 800kHz of switching frequencies are RAPHASE1=0.665, RAPHASE2=0.432, RAPHASE3=0.198, RAPHASE4=0.206, RAPHASE5=0.401 and RAPHASE6=0.597 starting from downslope. The over temperature setting voltage of phases 1, 2, 5, and 6 is lower than the phase delay setting voltage, VBIAS*RAPHASEx. Pre-select RPHASE11=10kΩ, RPHASEx 2 = ( RAPHASEx ∗ VBIAS − VHOTSET ) * RPHASEx1 (0.665 ∗ 6.8 − 1.79) ∗ 10 *103 = = 12.1kΩ VBIAS ∗ (1 − RAPHASEx ) 6.8 ∗ (1 − 0.665) RPHASEx 3 = VHOTSET ∗ RPHASEx1 1.79 ∗ 12.1 *103 = = 7.87 kΩ VBIAS * (1 − RAPHASEx ) 6.8 * (1 − 0.665) RPHASE21=10kΩ, RPHASE22=2.94kΩ, RPHASE23=4.64kΩ RPHASE51=10kΩ, RPHASE52=2.32kΩ, RPHASE53=4.42kΩ RPHASE61=10kΩ, RPHASE62=8.25kΩ, RPHASE63=6.49kΩ The over temperature setting voltage of Phases 3 and 4 is higher than the phase delay setting voltage, VBIAS*RAPHASEx. Pre-select RPHASEX1=10kΩ, R PHASE 32 = (V HOTSET − RAPHASE 3 ∗ V BIAS ) ∗ R PHASE 31 (1.79 − 0.198 ∗ 6.8) ∗10 *10 3 = = 887Ω V BIAS − V HOTSET 6.8 − 1.79 RPHASE 33 = RAPHASE 3 ∗ VBIAS * RPHASE 31 0.198 ∗ 6.8 ∗10 *103 = = 2.67 kΩ VBIAS − VHOTSET 6.8 − 1.79 Page 27 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF RPHASE41=10kΩ, RPHASE42=768Ω, RPHASE43=2.80kΩ Bootstrap Capacitor CBST Choose CBST=0.1uF Decoupling Capacitors for Phase IC and Power Stage Choose CVCC=0.1uF, CVCCL=0.1uF VOLTAGE LOOP COMPENSATION Type III compensation is used for the converter with only ceramic output capacitors. The crossover frequency and phase margin of the voltage loop can be estimated as follows. f C1 = R DRP 576 = = 146 kHz −6 2π ∗ C E ∗ G CS ∗ R FB ∗ R LE 2π ∗ (62 ∗ 22 * 10 ) ∗ 34 ∗ 162 ∗ (0.5 * 10 − 3 / 6) θC1 = 90 − A tan(0.5) ∗ Choose RFB1 = 180 π = 63° 2 2 ∗ RFB = ∗ 162 = 110Ω 3 3 Choose the desired crossover frequency fc (=140kHz) around fc1 estimated above, and calculate CFB = 1 1 = = 5.2nF , choose CFB=5.6nF 4π ∗ fC ∗ RFB1 4π ∗ 140 *103 ∗ 110 CDRP = RCP = CCP = ( RFB + RFB1 ) ∗ CFB (162 + 110) ∗ 5.6 *10−9 = = 2.7nF RDRP 576 (2π ∗ fC ) 2 ∗ LE ∗ CE ∗ RFB ∗ VRAMP ( 2π ∗ 140 *103 ) 2 ∗ (100 *10 −9 / 6) ∗ ( 22 *10−6 ∗ 62) ∗ 162 * 0.75 = = 1.65kΩ VO 1.3 − 20 *10−3 10 ∗ LE ∗ CE RCP = 10 ∗ (100 *10−9 / 6) ∗ ( 22 *10−6 * 62) 1.65 ∗ 103 = 27 nF Choose CCP1=47pF to reduce high frequency noise. CURRENT SHARE LOOP COMPENSATION The crossover frequency of the current share loop fCI should be at least one decade lower than that of the voltage loop fC. Choose the crossover frequency of current share loop fCI=3.5kHz, and calculate CSCOMP, FMI = RPWMRMP * CPWMRMP * f SW *V PWMRMP 18.2 *103 *100 *10−12 * 800 *103 * 0.75 = = 0.011 (VI − VPWMRMP − VDAC ) * (VI − VDAC ) (12 − 0.75 − 1.3) * (12 − 1.3) CSCOMP = = 0.65 * RPWMRMP * VI * I O * GCS _ ROOM * RLE * [1 + 2π * fCI * CE * (VO I O )] * FMI VO ∗ 2π ∗ fCI *1.05 *106 0.65 *18.2 *10 3 *12 *105 * 34 * (0.5 *10 −3 6) *[1 + 2π * 3500 * 22 *10 −6 * 62 * (1.33 − 105 * 9.1*10 −4 ) 105] * 0.011 (1.33 − 105 * 9.1*10 − 4 ) ∗ 2π ∗ 3500 *1.05 *10 6 = 20.6nF Choose CSCOMP=22nF Page 28 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF LAYOUT GUIDELINES The following layout guidelines are recommended to reduce the parasitic inductance and resistance of the PCB layout, therefore minimizing the noise coupled to the IC. • Dedicate at least one middle layer for a ground plane, which is then split into signal ground plane (LGND) and power ground plane (PGND). • Connect PGND to LGND pins of each phase IC to the ground tab, which is tied to LGND and PGND planes respectively through vias. • In order to reduce the noise coupled to SCOMP pin of phase IC, use a dedicated wire to connect the capacitor CSCOMP directly to LGND pin. However, connect PWM ramp capacitor CPWMRMP, phase delay programming resistor RPHASE2 or RPHASE3, decoupling capacitor CVCC to LGND plane through vias. • Place current sense resistors and capacitors (RCS+, RCS-, CCS+, and CCS-) close to phase IC. Use Kelvin connection for the inductor current sense wires, but separate the two wires by ground polygon. The wire from the inductor terminal to RCS- should not cross over the fast transition nodes, i.e. switching nodes, gate drive outputs and bootstrap nodes. • Place the decoupling capacitors CVCC and CVCCL as close as possible to VCC and VCCL pins of the phase IC respectively. • Place the phase IC as close as possible to the MOSFETs to reduce the parasitic resistance and inductance of the gate drive paths. • Place the input ceramic capacitors close to the drain of top MOSFET and the source of bottom MOSFET. Use combination of different packages of ceramic capacitors. • There are two switching power loops. One loop includes the input capacitors, top MOSFET, inductor, output capacitors and the load; another loop consists of bottom MOSFET, inductor, output capacitors and the load. Route the switching power paths using wide and short traces or polygons; use multiple vias for connections between layers. LGND PLANE To Signal Bus To LGND Plane EAIN DACIN PHSFLT PGND PLANE Page 29 of 33 CCS- RCS- CCS+ DBST To Bottom To Top MOSFET MOSFET CBST RCS+ VCCH GATEH CSIN+ PGND VCC VCCL CVCCL CSIN- GATEL To PGND Plane RPHASE1 BIASIN LGND CVCC RBIASIN RMPIN- SCOMP PWMRMP To LGND Plane To Gate Drive Voltage RMPIN+ HOTSET VRHOT ISHARE EAIN RPWMRMP CSCOMP RPHASE2 To LGND Plane CPWMRMP To VIN To Switching Node Ground Polygon Ground Polygon To Inductor May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF PCB Metal and Component Placement • Lead land width should be equal to nominal part lead width. The minimum lead to lead spacing should be ≥ 0.2mm to minimize shorting. • Lead land length should be equal to maximum part lead length + 0.3 mm outboard extension + 0.05mm inboard extension. The outboard extension ensures a large and inspectable toe fillet, and the inboard extension will accommodate any part misalignment and ensure a fillet. • Center pad land length and width should be equal to maximum part pad length and width. However, the minimum metal to metal spacing should be ≥ 0.17mm for 2 oz. Copper (≥ 0.1mm for 1 oz. Copper and ≥ 0.23mm for 3 oz. Copper) • Four 0.3mm diameter vias shall be placed in the pad land spaced at 1.2mm, and connected to ground to minimize the noise effect on the IC and to transfer heat to the PCB. • No PCB traces should be routed nor vias placed under any of the 4 corners of the IC package. Doing so can cause the IC to rise up from the PCB resulting in poor solder joints to the IC leads. Page 30 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Solder Resist • The solder resist should be pulled away from the metal lead lands and center pad by a minimum of 0.06mm. The solder resist mis-alignment is a maximum of 0.05mm and it is recommended that the lead lands are all Non Solder Mask Defined (NSMD). Therefore, pulling the S/R 0.06mm will always ensure NSMD pads. • The minimum solder resist width is 0.13mm. At the inside corner of the solder resist where the lead land groups meet, it is recommended to provide a fillet so a solder resist width of ≥ 0.17mm remains. • Ensure that the solder resist in-between the lead lands and the pad land is ≥ 0.15mm due to the high aspect ratio of the solder resist strip separating the lead lands from the pad land. • The 4 vias in the land pad should be tented with solder resist 0.4mm diameter, or 0.1mm larger than the diameter of the via. Page 31 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF Stencil Design • The stencil apertures for the lead lands should be approximately 80% of the area of the lead lands. Reducing the amount of solder deposited will minimize the occurrence of lead shorts. Since for 0.5mm pitch devices the leads are only 0.25mm wide, the stencil apertures should not be made narrower; openings in stencils < 0.25mm wide are difficult to maintain repeatable solder release. • The stencil lead land apertures should therefore be shortened in length by 80% and centered on the lead land. • The land pad aperture should be striped with 0.25mm wide openings and spaces to deposit approximately 50% area of solder on the center pad. If too much solder is deposited on the center pad the part will float and the lead lands will be open. • The maximum length and width of the land pad stencil aperture should be equal to the solder resist opening minus an annular 0.2mm pull back to decrease the incidence of shorting the center land to the lead lands when the part is pushed into the solder paste. Page 32 of 33 May 13, 2009 IR3086APbF PACKAGE INFORMATION: 20L MLPQ (4 X 4 MM BODY) – ΘJA = 32OC/W, ΘJC = 3OC/W Data and specifications subject to change without notice. This product has been designed and qualified for the Consumer market. Qualification Standards can be found on IR’s Web site. IR WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245, USA Tel: (310) 252-7105 TAC Fax: (310) 252-7903 Visit us at www.irf.com for sales contact information. Page 33 of 33 May 13, 2009