LMX9838SB

LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module September 2007 LMX9838 Bluetooth® Serial Port Module 1.0 General Description The National Semiconductor LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port module is a fully integrated Bluetooth 2.0 baseband controller, 2.4 GHz radio, crystal, antenna, LDO and discreets; combined to form a complete small form factor (10 mm x 17 mm x 2.0 mm) Bluetooth node. All hardware and firmware is included to provide a complete solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper layers of the Bluetooth stack, up to the application including the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP). The module includes a configurable service database to fulfil service requests for additional profiles on the host. Moreover, the LMX9838 is qualified as a Bluetooth endproduct, ready to be used in the end application without additional testing and license cost. Based on National’s CompactRISC® 16-bit processor architecture and Digital Smart Radio technology, the LMX9838 is optimized to handle the data and link management processing requirements of a Bluetooth node. The firmware supplied in the on-chip ROM memory offers a complete Bluetooth (v2.0) stack including profiles and command interface. This firmware features point-to-point and point-to-multipoint link management supporting data rates up to the theoretical maximum over RFComm of 704 kbps. The internal memory supports up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and one active SCO link. The on-chip Patch RAM provided for lowest cost and risk, allows the flexibility of firmware upgrade. The module is lead free and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant. For more information on those quality standards, please visit our green compliance website at http://www.national.com/quality/green/ 2.0 Features ■ Complete Bluetooth 2.0 Stack including — Baseband and Link Manager — Protocols: L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP — Profiles: GAP, SDAP, SPP High Integration: Includes Antenna, crystal, EEPROM, LDO Supporting up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and 1 active SCO link Class 2 operation UART Command/Data port speed up to 921.6kbits/s Advanced Audio Interface for external PCM codec Better than -80dBm input sensitivity FCC certified: FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 IC certified: IC-1520A-LMX9838 CE Self certified Bluetooth SIG QD ID: B012394 Compact Size: 10mm x 17mm x 2.0mm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 3.0 Functional Block Diagram 30027913 Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and is used under license by National Semiconductor Corporation. CompactRISC® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation 300279 www.national.com LMX9838 4.0 Applications • • • • • Telemedicine/Medical, Industrial and Scientific Personal Digital Assistants POS Terminals Data Logging Systems Audio Gateway applications • 5.0 Device Details 5.1 HARDWARE • Baseband and Link Management processors based on Nationals CompactRISC Core • Embedded ROM and Patch RAM memory • Auxiliary Host Interface Ports: — Link Status — Transceiver Status (Tx or Rx) • Advanced Power Management (APM) features • Supports low-power mode with optional 32.768 kHz oscillator • Full Radio path integrated including antenna • On-chip reference crystal for Bluetooth operation • Single supply voltage 5.2 FIRMWARE • Additional Profile support on Host. e.g: — Dial Up Networking (DUN) — Facsimile Profile (FAX) — File Transfer Protocol (FTP) — Object Push Profile (OPP) — Synchronization Profile (SYNC) — Headset (HSP) — Handsfree Profile (HFP) — Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) — Basic Printing Profile (BPP) On-chip application including: — Default connections — Command Interface: • Link setup and configuration (also Multipoint) • Configuration of the module • Service database modifications — UART Transparent mode — Optimized cable replacement: • Automatic transparent mode • Event filter 5.3 COMPLIANCE • FCC compliance: The device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: — This device may not cause harmful interference — This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation 5.4 PACKAGE • Complete system interface provided in Lead Grid Array on underside for surface mount assembly 6.0 Ordering Information Order Number LMX9838SB LMX9838SBX Note 1: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead) Spec. NOPB (Note 1) NOPB (Note 1) Shipment Method 135 pcs Tray 500 pcs Tape & Reel www.national.com 2 LMX9838 7.0 Connection Diagram 30027914 8.0 Pad Description TABLE 1. System Interface Signals Pad Name OP3 OP4/PG4 OP5 32K32K+ Pad Location 16 26 25 28 27 Type I OP4: I PG4: I/ O I/O O I NC (if not used) Default Layout Description OP3: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option OP4: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option PG4: GPIO OP5: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator GND (if not used) 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator TABLE 2. UART Interface Signals Pad Name RXD TXD RTS# (Note 2) CTS# (Note 3) Pad Location 12 13 14 15 Type I O O I NC (if not used) Default Layout Description Host Serial Port Receive Data Host Serial Port Transmit Data Host Serial Port Request To Send (active low) GND (if not used) Host Serial Port Clear To Send (active low) Note 2: Treat As No Connect If RTS is not used. Pad required for mechanical stability. Note 3: Connect to GND if CTS is not use. TABLE 3. Auxiliary Ports Interface Signals Pad Name RESET# Pad Location 2 Type I Default Layout Low active, either NC or connect to host Module Reset (active low) Description XOSCEN PG6 PG7 8 7 19 O I/O I/O Host main Clock Request. Toggles with Main crystal (X1) enable/ disable GPIO - Default setup LINK STATUS indication GPIO - Default setup RF traffic LED indication 3 www.national.com LMX9838 TABLE 4. Audio Interface Signals Pad Name SCLK SFS STD SRD Pad Location 20 21 22 23 Type I/O I/O O I Default Layout Description Audio PCM Interface Clock Audio PCM Interface Frame Synchronization Audio PCM Interface Transmit Data Output Audio PCM Interface Receive Data Input TABLE 5. Power, Ground and No Connect Signals Pad Name MVCC VCC_CORE VCC VCC_IO GND NC Pad Location 6 9 10 11 3,4,17,18,24, 29,30,31,32 1,5,33,34,35, 36,37,38,39,40 41,42,43,44,45, 46,47,48,49,50, 51,52,53,54,55, 56,57,58,59,60, 61,62,63,64,65, 66,67,68,69,70 Type I I/O I I I GND NC Default Layout Description Module internal Voltage Regulator Input Voltage Regulator Input/Output Voltage Regulator Input Baseband Power Supply I/O Must be connected to ground plane Place Pads for stability. See Section 21.0 Physical Dimensions NC NC DO NOT PLACE ANY PADS. See Section 21.0 Physical Dimensions www.national.com 4 LMX9838 9.0 Application Diagrams The following diagrams show two application examples for LMX9838 implementations. Figure 1 illustrates a cable replacement application, requiring the physical UART interface to a data device like a sensor. The LMX9838 just waits for an incoming link and forwards data between the data device and the bluetooth link. PG6 acts as active link indicator and is used to enable the data transfer from the sensor. A 32.768khz crystal may be is used to reduce power consumption while waiting for the incoming link. Figure 2 shows an example for the connection to a host controller, which can include a simple application to control the LMX9838. The figure also includes the connection to a PCM codec, in case the host controller application includes an audio profile. Reset, OP4 and OP5 are controlled by the host for full control of the LMX9838 status. Please refer to Section 17.0 Application Notes for more detailed descriptions for LMX9838 designs. 30027901 FIGURE 1. Example For A Cable Replacement Application 30027916 FIGURE 2. Example For Host Controller Based Application With Audio Support 5 www.national.com LMX9838 10.0 General Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings (see Absolute Maximum Ratings ) indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings (see Recommended Operating Conditions) indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional. This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit and is ESD sensitive. Handling and assembly of this device should be performed at ESD free workstations. The following conditions are true unless otherwise stated in the tables below: • TA = -40°C to +85°C • VCC = 3.3V • RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor FlagStaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol VCC VI TS TLNOPB ESDHBM ESDMM ESDCDM Parameter Digital Voltage Regulator input Voltage on any pad with GND = 0V Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature NOPB (Note 4),(Note 5) (solder 40 sec.) ESD - Human Body Model ESD - Machine Model ESD - Charge Discharge Model Min -0.2 -0.2 -65 Max 4 VCC + 0.2 +150 250 2000 (Note 6) 200 (Note 7) 1000 (Note 8) Unit V V °C °C V V V Note 4: Reference IPC/JDEC J-STD-20C spec. Note 5: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead). Note 6: All pins meet 2000V Human Body ESD rating. Note 7: All pins meet 200V Macine Model ESD rating except pins RXD, TXD, CTS, RTS, PG4, OP5, PG6, PG7, SCL, SDA, MDOD1, MWCS, SFS, STD, SRD RATED AT 150v. Note 8: All pins meet 1000V Charge Discharge Model ESD rating except pin 69 rated at 250V. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol MVCC VCC TR TA VCC_IO(Note 9) VCC_CORE Parameter Module internal Voltage Regulator input Digital Voltage Regulator input Digital Voltage Regulator Rise Time Ambient Operating Temperature Range Fully Functional Bluetooth Node Supply Voltage Digital I/O Supply Voltage Output (Note 10) -40 1.8 +25 3.3 1.8 Min 3.0 2.5 Typ 3.3 3.3 Max 3.6 3.6 10 +85 3.6 Unit V V μs °C V V Note 9: VCC must be > (VCC_IO - 0.5V) to avoid backdrive supply. Note 10: Should not be used for external supplies Power Supply Requirements (Notes 11, 12) Symbol ICC-TX ICC-RX IRXSL IRXM ISnM ISC-TLDIS Parameter Power supply current for continuous transmit Power supply current for continuous receive Receive Data in SPP Link, Slave Receive Data in SPP Link, Master Sniff Mode, Sniff interval 1 second Scanning, No Active Link, TL Disabled 26 23 6.5 1.1 Min Typ (Note 13) Max 65 65 Unit mA mA mA mA mA mA Note 11: Power supply requirements based on Class II output power. Note 12: Based on UART Baudrate 115.2kbit/s. Note 13: VCC = 3.3V, Ambient Temperature = +25 °C. www.national.com 6 LMX9838 10.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS Digital DC Characteristics Symbol VIH VIL VOH VOL VHYS IIH IIL IOH IOL Parameter Logical 1 Input Voltage high (except oscillator I/O) Logical 0 Input Voltage low (except oscillator I/O) Logical 1 Output Voltage high (except oscillator I/O) Logical 0 Output Voltage low (except oscillator I/O) Hysteresis Loop Width (Note 14) Logical 1 Input leakage High Logical 0 Input leakage Low Logical 1 Output Current Logical 0 Output Current VOH = 2.4V, VCC_IO = 3.0V VOH = 0.4V, VCC_IO = 3.0V -10 10 0.1 x VCC 10 -10 Condition 1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V 1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V VCC_IO = 1.8V VCC_IO = 3.0V 3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V 3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V Min 0.7 x VCC_IO 2.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 x VCC_IO 2.4 0.4 Max VCC_IO + 0.2 VCC_IO + 0.2 0.25 x VCC_IO 0.8 Units V V V V V µA µA mA mA Note 14: Guaranteed by design. 10.2 RF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS In the performance characteristics tables the following applies: • • • • All tests performed are based on Bluetooth Test Specification revision 2.0 All tests are measured at antenna port unless otherwise specified TA = -40°C to +85°C VDD_RF = 2.8V unless otherwise specified RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor Flagstaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform. Receiver Performance Characteristics Symbol RXsense Parameter Receive Sensitivity Condition BER < 0.001 2.402 GHz 2.441 GHz 2.480 GHz PinRF IMP (Note 16) RSSI Maximum Input Level Intermodulation Performance F1= + 3 MHz, F2= + 6 MHz, PinRF = -64 dBm -10 -38 Min Typ (Note 15) -80 -80 -80 0 -36 Max -76 -76 -76 Unit dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm RSSI Dynamic Range at LNA Input -72 -52 dBm 7 www.national.com LMX9838 Symbol OOB (Note 16) Parameter Out Of Band Blocking Performance Condition PinRF = -10 dBm, 30 MHz < FCWI < 2 GHz, BER < 0.001 PinRF = -27 dBm, 2000 MHz < FCWI < 2399 MHz, BER < 0.001 PinRF = -27 dBm, 2498 MHz < FCWI < 3000 MHz, BER < 0.001 PinRF = -10 dBm, 3000 MHz < FCWI < 12.75 GHz, BER < 0.001 Min -10 Typ (Note 15) Max Unit dBm -27 dBm -27 dBm -10 dBm Note 15: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature. Note 16: The f0 = -64 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f1 = -39dbm sine wave, f2 = -39 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f0 = 2f1 - f2, and |f2 - f1| = n * 1MHz, where n is 3, 4, or 5. For the typical case, n = 3. www.national.com 8 LMX9838 Transmitter Performance Characteristics Symbol POUTRF Parameter Transmit Output Power Condition 2.402 GHz 2.441 GHz 2.480 GHz MOD ΔF1AVG MOD ΔF2MAX (Note 18) ΔF2AVG/DF1AVG (Note 19) 20 dB Bandwidth POUT2*fo (Note 20) PA 2 nd Harmonic Suppression Maximum gain setting: f0 = 2402 MHz, Pout = 4804 MHz Pout @ 2.5 GHz 47 1000 -30 kHz dBm Modulation Characteristics Modulation Characteristics Modulation Characteristics Data = 00001111 Data = 10101010 Min −4 −4 −4 140 115 0.8 Typ (Note 15) 0 0 0 165 125 Max +3 +3 +3 175 Unit dBm dBm dBm kHz kHz ZRFOUT (Note 21) RF Output Impedance/Input Impedance of RF Port (RF_inout) Ω Note 17: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature. Note 18: ΔF2max ≥ 115 kHz for at least 99.9% of all Δf2max. Note 19: Modulation index set between 0.28 and 0.35. Note 20: Out-of-Band spurs only exist at 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the CW frequency for each channel. Note 21: Not tested in production. Synthesizer Performance Characteristics Symbol fVCO tLOCK Δf0offset (Note 22) Δf0drift (Note 22) Lock Time Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance Initial Carrier Frequency Drift Parameter VCO Frequency Range f0 ± 20 kHz During preamble DH1 data packet DH3 data packet DH5 data packet Drift Rate tD - Tx Transmitter Delay Time From Tx data to antenna -75 -25 -40 -40 -20 Condition Min 2402 120 0 0 0 0 0 4 75 25 40 40 20 Typ Max 2480 Unit MHz µs kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz/50µs µs Note 22: Frequency accuracy is dependent on crystal oscillator chosen. The crystal must have a cumulative accuracy of < +/-20ppm to meet Bluetooth specifications. Note: All RF parameters are tested prior to the antenna. 9 www.national.com LMX9838 11.0 Functional Description 11.1 BASEBAND AND LINK MANAGEMENT PROCESSORS Baseband and Lower Link control functions are implemented using a combination of National Semiconductor’s CompactRISC 16-bit processor and the Bluetooth Lower Link Controller. These processors operate from integrated ROM memory and RAM and execute on-board firmware implementing all Bluetooth functions. 11.1.1 Bluetooth Lower Link Controller The integrated Bluetooth Lower Link Controller (LLC) complies with the Bluetooth Specification version 2.0 and implements the following functions: • Adaptive Frequency Hopping • Interlaced Scanning • Fast Connect • Support for 1, 3, and 5 slot packet types • 79 Channel hop frequency generation circuitry • Fast frequency hopping at 1600 hops per second • Power management control • Access code correlation and slot timing recovery 11.1.2 Bluetooth Upper Layer Stack The integrated upper layer stack is prequalified and includes the following protocol layers: • L2CAP • RFComm • SDP 11.1.3 Profile Support The on-chip application of the LMX9838 allows full standalone operation, without any Bluetooth protocol layer necessary outside the module. It supports the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP). The on-chip profiles can be used as interfaces to additional profiles executed on the host. The LMX9838 includes a configurable service database to answer requests with the profiles supported. 11.1.4 Application With Command Interface The module supports automatic slave operation eliminating the need for an external control unit. The implemented transparent option enables the chip to handle incoming data raw, without the need for packaging in a special format. The device uses a pin to block unallowed connections. This pincode can be fixed or dynamically set. Acting as master, the application offers a simple but versatile command interface for standard Bluetooth operation like inquiry, service discovery, or serial port connection. The firmware supports up to seven slaves. Default Link Policy settings and a specific master mode allow optimized configuration for the application specific requirements. See Section 14.0 Integrated Firmware. 11.1.5 Memory The LMX9838 introduces 16 kB of combined system and Patch RAM memory that can be used for data and/or code upgrades of the ROM based firmware. Due to the flexible startup used for the LMX9838 operating parameters like the Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) are defined during boot time. This allows reading out the parameters of an internal EEPROM or programming them directly over UART. 11.2 TRANSPORT PORT - UART The LMX9838 provides one Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). The UART interface consists out of Receive (RX), Transmit (TX), Ready-to-Send (RTS) and Clear-to-Send signals. RTS and CTS are used for hardware handshaking between the host and the LMX9838. Since the LMX9838 acts as gateway between the bluetooth and the UART interface, National Semiconductor recommends to use the handshaking signals especially for transparent operation. In case two signals are used CTS needs to be pulled to GND. Please refer also to "LMX9838 Software User’s Guide" for detailed information on 2-wire operation. The UART interface supports formats of 8-bit data with or without parity, with one or two stop bits. It can operate at standard baud rates from 2400bits/s up to a maximum baud rate of 921.6kbits/s. DMA transfers are supported to allow for fast processor independent receive and transmit operation. The UART baudrate is configured during startup by checking option pins OP3, OP4 and OP5. Table 7 gives the correspondence between the OP pins settings and the UART speed. The UART offers wakeup from the power save modes via the multi-input wakeup module. When the LMX9838 is in low power mode, RTS# and CTS# can function as Host_WakeUp and Bluetooth_WakeUp respectively. Table 6 represents the operational modes supported by the firmware for implementing the transport via the UART. TABLE 6. UART Operation Modes Item Baud Rate Flow Control Parity Stop Bits Data Bits 2.4 to 921.6 kbits/s RTS#/CTS# or None Odd, Even, None 1,2 8 Range RTS#/CTS# None 1 8 Default at Power-Up Either configured by option pins, NVS www.national.com 10 LMX9838 TABLE 7. UART Frequency Settings OP3 (Note 23) 1 1 1 1 OP4 (Note 24) 0 0 1 1 OP5 (Note 25) 0 1 0 1 UART speed 9.6 kbps UART speed 115.2 kbps UART speed 921.6 kbps Function UART speed read from NVS Note 23: If OP3 is 1, must use 1K pull up Note 24: If OP4 is 1, must use 1K pull up Note 25: If OP5 is 1, must use 1K pull up 11.3 AUDIO PORT 11.3.1 Advanced Audio Interface The Advanced Audio Interface (AAI) is an advanced version of the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) that provides a fullduplex communications port to a variety of industry-standard 13/14/15/16-bit linear or 8-bit log PCM codecs, DSPs, and other serial audio devices. The interface allows the support one codec or interface. The firmware selects the desired audio path and interface configuration by a parameter that is located in RAM (imported from non-volatile storage or programmed during boot-up). The audio path options include the OKI MSM7717 codec, the Winbond W681360/W681310 codecs and the PCM slave through the AAI. In case an external codec or DSP is used the LMX9838 audio interface generates the necessary bit and frame clock driving the interface. Table 8 summarizes the audio path selection and the configuration of the audio interface at the specific modes. The LMX9838 supports one SCO link. TABLE 8. Audio Path Configuration Audio setting OKI MSM7717 Winbond W681310 Winbond W681360 PCM slave (Note 26) Interface Advanced audio interface Advanced audio interface Advanced audio interface Advanced audio interface Format 8-bit log PCM (a-law only) 8-bit log PCM A-law and u-law 13-bit linear 8/16 bits AAI Bit Clock 520 kHz 520 kHz 520 kHz 128 - 1024 kHz AAI Frame Clock 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz AAI Frame Sync Pulse Length 14 Bits 14 Bits 13 Bits 8/16 Bits Note 26: In PCM slave mode, parameters are stored in NVS. Bit clock and frame clock must be generated by the host interface. PCM slave configuration example: PCM slave uses the slot 0, 1 slot per frame, 16 bit linear mode, long frame sync, normal frame sync. In this case, 0x03E0 should be stored in NVS. See “LMX9838 Software Users Guide” for more details. 11.4 AUXILIARY PORTS 11.4.1 RESET# The RESET# is active low and will put radio and baseband into reset. 11.4.2 General Purpose I/Os The LMX9838 offers 3 pins which either can be used as indication and configuration pins or can be used for General Purpose functionality. The selection is made out of settings derived out of the power up sequence. In General Purpose configuration the pins are controlled hardware specific commands giving the ability to set the direction, set them to high or low or enable a weak pull-up. In alternate function the pins have pre-defined indication functionality. Please see Table 9 for a description on the alternate indication functionality. TABLE 9. Alternate GPIO Pin Configuration Pin OP4/PG4 PG6 PG7 Description Operation Mode pin to configure Transport Layer settings during boot-up GPIO - Link Status indication RF Traffic indication 11 www.national.com LMX9838 12.0 Power Up The LMX9838 contains an internal EEPROM initialized during power up or hardware reset. During this initialization phase it is recommended not to: • Send a command to the LMX9838: The command will be ignored. • Power OFF/ON the LMX9838: The EEPROM initialization phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation. • Issue a Hardware Reset: The EEPROM initialization phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation. Once the initialization phase is completed the module sends the “SimplyBlue Ready Event” (refer to the LMX9838 Software User's Guide, AN-1699) to declare its fully functional state. It is therefore recommended to wait for the “SimplyBlue Ready Event” message before stating using the LM9838 by sending a command or issuing a Reset or Power On cycle. 30027932 FIGURE 3. LMX9838 Power-up Sequence www.national.com 12 LMX9838 13.0 Digital Smart Radio 13.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The integrated Digital Smart Radio utilizes a heterodyne receiver architecture with a low intermediate frequency (2 MHz) such that the intermediate frequency filters can be integrated on chip. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) followed by two mixers. The intermediate frequency signal processing blocks consist of a poly-phase bandpass filter (BPF), two hard-limiters (LIM), a frequency discriminator (DET), and a post-detection filter (PDF). The received signal level is detected by a received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The received frequency equals the local oscillator frequency (fLO) plus the intermediate frequency (fIF): fRF = fLO + fIF (supradyne). The radio includes a synthesizer consisting of a phase detector, a charge pump, an (off-chip) loop-filter, an RF-frequency divider, and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The transmitter utilizes IQ-modulation with bit-stream data that is gaussian filtered. Other blocks included in the transmitter are a VCO buffer and a power amplifier (PA). 13.2 RECEIVER FRONT-END The receiver front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) followed by two mixers and two low-pass filters for the I- and Q-channels. The intermediate frequency (IF) part of the receiver front-end consists of two IF amplifiers that receive input signals from the mixers, delivering balanced I- and Q-signals to the polyphase bandpass filter. The poly-phase bandpass filter is directly followed by two hard-limiters that together generate an AD-converted RSSI signal. 13.2.1 Poly-Phase Bandpass Filter The purpose of the IF bandpass filter is to reject noise and spurious (mainly adjacent channel) interference that would otherwise enter the hard limiting stage. In addition, it takes care of the image rejection. The bandpass filter uses both the I- and Q-signals from the mixers. The out-of-band suppression should be higher than 40 dB (f3 MHz). The bandpass filter is tuned over process spread and temperature variations by the autotuner circuitry. A 5th order Butterworth filter is used. 13.2.2 Hard-Limiter and RSSI The I- and Q-outputs of the bandpass filter are each followed by a hard-limiter. The hard-limiter has its own reference current. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) measures the level of the RF input signal. The RSSI is generated by piece-wise linear approximation of the level of the RF signal. The RSSI has a mV/dB scale, and an analog-to-digital converter for processing by the baseband circuit. The input RF power is converted to a 5-bit value. The RSSI value is then proportional to the input power (in dBm). The digital output from the ADC is sampled on the BPKTCTL signal low-to-high transition. 13.3 RECEIVER BACK-END The hard-limiters are followed by a two frequency discriminators. The I-frequency discriminator uses the 90× phase-shifted signal from the Q-path, while the Q-discriminator uses the 90× phase-shifted signal from the I-path. A poly-phase bandpass filter performs the required phase shifting. The output signals of the I- and Q-discriminator are substracted and filtered by a low-pass filter. An equalizer is added to improve the eye-pattern for 101010 patterns. After equalization, a dynamic AFC (automatic frequency offset compensation) circuit and slicer extract the RX_DATA from the analog data pattern. It is expected that the Eb/No of the demodulator is approximately 17 dB. 13.3.1 Frequency Discriminator The frequency discriminator gets its input signals from the limiter. A defined signal level (independent of the power supply voltage) is needed to obtain the input signal. Both inputs of the frequency discriminator have limiting circuits to optimize performance. The bandpass filter in the frequency discriminator is tuned by the autotuning circuitry. 13.3.2 Post-Detection Filter and Equalizer The output signals of the FM discriminator first go through a post-detection filter and then through an equalizer. Both the post-detection filter and equalizer are tuned to the proper frequency by the autotuning circuitry. The post-detection filter is a low-pass filter intended to suppress all remaining spurious signals, such as the second harmonic (4 MHz) from the FM detector and noise generated after the limiter. The post-detection filter also helps for attenuating the first adjacent channel signal. The equalizer improves the eyeopening for 101010 patterns. The post-detection filter is a third order Butterworth filter. 13.4 AUTOTUNING CIRCUITRY The autotuning circuitry is used for tuning the bandpass filter, the detector, the post-detection filter, the equalizer, and the transmit filters for process and temperature variations. The circuit also includes an offset compensation for the FM detector. 13.5 SYNTHESIZER The synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector, a charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a programmable frequency divider, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a deltasigma modulator, and a lookup table. The frequency divider consists of a divide-by-2 circuit (divides the 5 GHz signal from the VCO down to 2.5 GHz), a divideby-8-or-9 divider, and a digital modulus control. The deltasigma modulator controls the division ratio and also generates an input channel value to the lookup table. 13.5.1 Phase-Frequency Detector The phase-frequency detector is a 5-state phase-detector. It responds only to transitions, hence phase-error is independent of input waveform duty cycle or amplitude variations. Loop lockup occurs when all the negative transitions on the inputs, F_REF and F_MOD, coincide. Both outputs (i.e., Up and Down) then remain high. This is equal to the zero error mode. The phase-frequency detector input frequency range operates at 12 MHz. 13 www.national.com LMX9838 13.6 TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY The transmitter consists of ROM tables, two Digital to Analog (DA) converters, two low-pass filters, IQ mixers, and a power amplifier (PA). The ROM tables generate a digital IQ signal based on the transmit data. The output of the ROM tables is inserted into IQ-DA converters and filtered through two low-pass filters. The two signal components are mixed up to 2.5 GHz by the TX mixers and added together before being inserted into the transmit PA. 13.6.1 IQ-DA Converters and TX Mixers The ROM output signals drive an I- and a Q-DA converter. Two Butterworth low-pass filters filter the DA output signals. The 6 MHz clock for the DA converters and the logic circuitry around the ROM tables are derived from the autotuner. The TX mixers mix the balanced I- and Q-signals up to 2.4-2.5 GHz. The output signals of the I- and Q-mixers are summed. 13.7 32 kHz Oscillator An oscillator is provided (see Figure 4) that is tuned to provide optimum performance and low-power consumption while op- erating with a 32.768 kHz crystal. An external crystal clock network is required between the 32k+ clock input (pad 27) and the 32k- clock output (pad 28) signals.The oscillator is built in a Pierce configuration and uses two external capacitors. Table 10 provides the oscillator’s specifications. In case the 32kHz is not used, it is recommended to leave 32k- open and connect 32k+ to GND. 30027903 FIGURE 4. 32.768 kHz Oscillator TABLE 10. 32.768 kHz Oscillator Specifications Symbol VDD IDDACT f VPPOSC Parameter Supply Voltage Supply Current (Active) Nominal Output Frequency Oscillating Amplitude Duty Cycle 40 Condition Min 1.62 2 32.768 1.8 60 Typ 1.8 Max 1.98 V µA kHz V % Unit www.national.com 14 LMX9838 14.0 Integrated Firmware The LMX9838 includes the full Bluetooth stack up to RFComm to support the following profiles: • GAP (Generic Access Profile) • SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile) • SPP (Serial Port Profile) Figure 5 shows the Bluetooth protocol stack with command interpreter interface. The command interpreter offers a number of different commands to support the functionality given by the different profiles. Execution and interface timing is handled by the control application. The chip has an internal data area in RAM that includes the parameters shown in Table 11. nected by another device, it will NOT switch to transparent mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART. Transparent Mode The LMX9838 supports transparent data communication from the UART interface to a bluetooth link. If activated, the module does not interpret the commands on the UART which normally are used to configure and control the module. The packages don’t need to be formatted as described in Table 13. Instead all data are directly passed through the firmware to the active bluetooth link and the remote device. Transparent mode can only be supported on a point-to-point connection. To leave Transparent mode, the host must send a UART_BREAK signal to the module. Force Master Mode In Force Master mode tries to act like an access point for multiple connections. For this it will only accept the link if a Master/slave role switch is accepted by the connecting device. After successful link establishment the LMX9838 will be Master and available for additional incoming links. On the first incoming link the LMX9838 will switch to transparent depending on the setting for automatic or command mode. Additional links will only be possible if the device is not in transparent mode. 14.1.2 Default Connections The LMX9838 supports the storage of up to 3 devices within its NVS. Those connections can either be connected after reset or on demand using a specific command. 14.1.3 Event Filter The LMX9838 uses events or indicators to notify the host about successful commands or changes at the bluetooth interface. Depending on the application the LMX9838 can be configured. The following levels are defined: • No Events: – The LMX9838 is not reporting any events. Optimized for passive cable replacement solutions. • Standard LMX9838 events: – Only necessary events will be reported. • All events: – Additional to the standard all changes at the physical layer will be reported. 14.1.4 Default Link Policy Each Bluetooth Link can be configured to support M/S role switch, Hold Mode, Sniff Mode and Park Mode. The default link policy defines the standard setting for incoming and outgoing connections. 14.1.5 Audio Support The LMX9838 offers commands to establish and release synchronous connections (SCO) to support Headset or Handsfree applications. The firmware supports one active link with all available package types (HV1, HV2, HV3), routing the audio data between the bluetooth link and the advanced audio interface. In order to provide the analog data interface, an external audio codec is required. The LMX9838 includes a list of codecs which can be used. 30027920 FIGURE 5. LMX9838 Software Implementation 14.1 FEATURES 14.1.1 Operation Modes On boot-up, the application configures the module following the parameters in the data area. Automatic Operation No Default Connections Stored: In Automatic Operation the module is connectable and discoverable and automatically answers to service requests. The command interpreter listens to commands and links can be set up. The full command list is supported. If connected by another device, the module sends an event back to the host, where the RFComm port has been connected, and switches to transparent mode. Default Connections Stored: If default connections were stored on a previous session, once the LMX9838 is reset, it will attempt to connect each device stored within the data RAM three times. The host will be notified about the success of the link setup via a link status event. Non-Automatic Operation In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9838 does not check the default connections section within the Data RAM. If con- 15 www.national.com LMX9838 TABLE 11. Operation Parameters Stored in LMX9838 Parameter BDADDR Local Name PinCode Operation Mode Default Connections Default Value Preprogrammed by National Serial port device 0000 Automatic ON 0 1 SPP entry: Name: COM1 Authentication and encryption enabled 9600 1 Stop bit, parity disabled 0000 0001 No link keys 2 Connectable Discoverable All modes allowed Bluetooth PinCode Automatic mode ON or OFF Up to seven default devices to connect to Service discovery database, control for supported profiles Bluetooth device address Description SDP Database UART Speed UART Settings Ports to Open Link Keys Security Mode Page Scan Mode Inquiry Scan Mode Default Link Policy Sets the speed of the physical UART interface to the host Parity and stop bits on the hardware UART interface Defines the RFComm ports to open Link keys for paired devices Security mode Connectable/Not connectable for other devices Discoverable/Not Discoverable/Limited Discoverable for other devices Configures modes allowed for incoming or outgoing connections (Role switch, Hold mode, Sniff mode...) The Default Link Timeout configures the timeout, after which the link is assumed lost, if no packages have been received from the remote device Default Link Timeout 20 seconds Event Filter Defines the level of reporting on the UART - no events Standard LMX9838 events reported - standard events - standard including ACL link events Configures the settings for the external codec and the air format. • Codecs: - Winbond W681360 - OKI MSM7717 / Winbond W681310 - PCM Slave • Air Format: - CVSD - µ-Law - A-Law Default Audio Settings none www.national.com 16 LMX9838 15.0 Low Power Modes The LMX9838 supports different Low Power Modes to reduce power in different operating situations. The modular structure of the LMX9838 allows the firmware to power down unused modules. The Low power modes have influence on: • UART transport layer – enabling or disabling the interface • Bluetooth Baseband activity – firmware disables LLC and Radio if possible 15.1 POWER MODES The following LMX9838 power modes, which depend on the activity level of the UART transport layer and the radio activity are defined: The radio activity level mainly depends on application requirements and is defined by standard bluetooth operations like inquiry/page scanning or an active link. A remote device establishing or disconnecting a link may also indirectly change the radio activity level. The UART transport layer by default is enabled on device power up. In order to disable the transport layer the command “Disable Transport Layer” is used. Thus only the Host side command interface can disable the transport layer. Enabling the transport layer is controlled by the HW Wakeup signalling. This can be done from either the Host or the LMX9838. See also “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” for detailed information on timing and implementation requirements. TABLE 12. Power Mode Activity Power Mode PM0 PM1 PM2 PM3 PM4 PM5 UART Activity OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON Radio Activity OFF OFF Scanning Scanning SPP Link SPP Link Reference Clock none Main Clock Main Clock / 32.768 kHz Main Clock Main Clock Main Clock 30027921 FIGURE 6. Transition between different Hardware Power Modes In order to save system connections the UART interface is reconfigured to hardware wakeup functionality. For a detailed timing and command functionality please see also the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. The interface between host and LMX9838 is defined as described in Figure 7. 15.2 ENABLING AND DISABLING UART TRANSPORT 15.2.1 Hardware Wakeup Functionality In certain usage scenarios the host is able to switch off the transport layer of the LMX9838 in order to reduce power consumption. Afterwards both devices, host and LMX9838 are able to shut down their UART interfaces. 17 www.national.com LMX9838 16.0 Command Interface The LMX9838 offers Bluetooth functionality in either a self contained slave functionality or over a simple command interface. The interface is listening on the UART interface. The following sections describe the protocol transported on the UART interface between the LMX9838 and the host in command mode (see Figure 8). In Transparent mode, no data framing is necessary and the device does not listen for commands. 16.1 FRAMING The connection is considered “Error free”. But for packet recognition and synchronization, some framing is used. All packets sent in both directions are constructed per the model shown in Table 13. 16.1.1 Start and End Delimiter The “STX” char is used as start delimiter: STX = 0x02. ETX = 0x03 is used as end delimiter. 16.1.2 Packet Type ID This byte identifies the type of packet. See Table 14 for details. 16.1.3 Opcode The opcode identifies the command to execute. The opcode values can be found within the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” included within the LMX9838 Evaluation Board. 16.1.4 Data Length Number of bytes in the Packet Data field. The maximum size is defined with 333 data bytes per packet. 16.1.5 Checksum: This is a simple Block Check Character (BCC) checksum of the bytes “Packet type”, “Opcode” and “Data Length”. The BCC checksum is calculated as low byte of the sum of all bytes (e.g., if the sum of all bytes is 0x3724, the checksum is 0x24). 30027906 FIGURE 7. UART NULL Modem Connection 15.2.2 Disabling the UART transport layer The Host can disable the UART transport layer by sending the “Disable Transport Layer” Command. The LMX9838 will empty its buffers, send the confirmation event and disable its UART interface. Afterwards the UART interface will be reconfigured to wake up on a falling edge of the CTS pin. 15.2.3 LMX9838 enabling the UART interface As the Transport Layer can be disabled in any situation the LMX9838 must first make sure the transport layer is enabled before sending data to the host. Possible scenarios can be incoming data or incoming link indicators. If the UART is not enabled the LMX9838 assumes that the Host is sleeping and waking it up by activating RTS. To be able to react on that Wake up, the host has to monitor the CTS pin. As soon as the host activates its RTS pin, the LMX9838 will first send a confirmation event and then start to transmit the events. 15.2.4 Enabling the UART transport layer from the host If the host needs to send data or commands to the LMX9838 while the UART Transport Layer is disabled it must first assume that the LMX9838 is sleeping and wake it up using its RTS signal. When the LMX9838 detects the Wake-Up signal it activates the UART HW and acknowledges the Wake-Up signal by settings its RTS. Additionally the Wake up will be confirmed by a confirmation event. When the Host has received this “Transport Layer Enabled” event, the LMX9838 is ready to receive commands. 30027907 FIGURE 8. Bluetooth Functionality TABLE 13. Package Framing Start Delimiter 1 Byte Packet Type ID 1 Byte Opcode 1 Byte Data Length 2 Bytes Check sum 1 Byte Packet Data Bytes End Delimiter 1 Byte - - - - - - - - - - - - - Checksum - - - - - - - - - - - - - www.national.com 18 LMX9838 TABLE 14. Packet Type Identification ID 0x52 'R' 0x43 'C' 0x69 'i' 0x72 'r' Direction REQUEST (REQ) Confirm (CFM) Indication (IND) Response (RES) Description A request sent to the Bluetooth module. All requests are answered by exactly one confirm. The Bluetooth modules confirm to a request. All requests are answered by exactly one confirm. Information sent from the Bluetooth module that is not a direct confirm to a request. Indicating status changes, incoming links, or unrequested events. An optional response to an indication. This is used to respond to some type of indication message. • Set up and handle links Table 15 through Table 25 show the actual command set and the events coming back from the device. A full documented description of the commands can be found in the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. Note: For standard Bluetooth operation only commands from Table 15 through Table 17 will be used. Most of the remaining commands are for configuration purposes only. 16.2 COMMAND SET OVERVIEW The LMX9838 has a well defined command set to: • Configure the device: — Hardware settings — Local Bluetooth parameters — Service database TABLE 15. Device Discovery Command Inquiry Remote Device Name Device Found Remote Device Name Confirm Event Inquiry Complete Search for devices Lists BDADDR and class of device Get name of remote device Description TABLE 16. SDAP Client Commands Command SDAP Connect SDAP Disconnect SDAP Service Browse SDAP Service Search SDAP Attribute Request Event SDAP Connect Confirm SDAP Disconnect Confirm Connection Lost Service Browse Confirm SDAP Service Search Confirm SDAP Attribute Request Confirm Description Create an SDP connection to remote device Disconnect an active SDAP link Notification for lost SDAP link Get the services of the remote device Search a specific service on a remote device Searches for services with specific attributes TABLE 17. SPP Link Establishment Command Establish SPP Link Event Establishing SPP Link Confirm Link Established Incoming Link Set Link Timeout Get Link Timeout Release SPP Link SPP Send Data Transparent Mode Set Link Timeout Confirm Get Link Timeout Confirm Release SPP Link Confirm SPP Send Data Confirm Incoming Data Transparent Mode Confirm Description Initiates link establishment to a remote device Link successfully established A remote device established a link to the local device Confirms the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link Get the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link Initiate release of SPP link Send data to specific SPP port Incoming data from remote device Switch to Transparent mode on the UART TABLE 18. Storing Default Connections Command Connect Default Connection Store Default Connection Get list of Default Connections Delete Default Connections Event Connect Default Connection Confirm Store Default Connection Confirm List of Default Devices Delete Default Connections Confirm Description Connects to either one or all stored default connections Store device as default connection 19 www.national.com LMX9838 TABLE 19. Bluetooth Low Power Modes Command Set Default Link Policy Get Default Link Policy Set Link Policy Get Link Policy Enter Sniff Mode Exit Sniff Mode Enter Hold Mode Event Set Default Link Policy Confirm Get Default Link Policy Confirm Set Link Policy Confirm Get Link Policy Confirm Enter Sniff Mode Confirm Exit Sniff Mode Confirm Enter Hold Mode Confirm Power Save Mode Changed Remote device changed power save mode on the link Description Defines the link policy used for any incoming or outgoing link Returns the stored default link policy Defines the modes allowed for a specific link Returns the actual link policy for the link TABLE 20. Audio Control Commands Command Establish SCO Link Event Establish SCO Link Confirm SCO Link Established Indicator Release SCO Link Change SCO Packet Type Set Audio Settings Get Audio Settings Set Volume Get Volume Mute Release SCO Link Confirm SCO Link Released Indicator Change SCO Packet Type Confirm SCO Packet Type changed indicator Set Audio Settings Confirm Get Audio Settings Confirm Set Volume Confirm Get Volume Confirm Mute Confirm Description Establish SCO Link on existing RFComm Link A remote device has established a SCO link to the local device Release SCO Link Audio Control SCO Link has been released Changes Packet Type for existing SCO link SCO Packet Type has been changed Set Audio Settings for existing Link Get Audio Settings for existing Link Configure the volume Get current volume setting Mutes the microphone input TABLE 21. Wake Up Functionality Command Disable Transport Layer Event Transport Layer Enabled Description Disabling the UART Transport Layer and activates the Hardware Wakeup function TABLE 22. SPP Port Configuration and Status Command Set Port Config Get Port Config SPP Get Port Status SPP Port Set DTR SPP Port Set RTS SPP Port BREAK SPP Port Overrun Error SPP Port Parity Error SPP Port Framing Error Event Set Port Config Confirm Get Port Config Confirm Port Config Changed SPP Get Port Status Confirm SPP Port Set DTR Confirm SPP Port Set RTS Confirm SPP Port BREAK SPP Port Overrun Error Confirm SPP Port Parity Error Confirm SPP Port Framing Error Confirm SPP Port Status Changed Description Set port setting for the virtual serial port link over the air Read the actual port settings for a virtual serial port Notification if port settings were changed from remote device Returns status of DTR, RTS (for the active RFComm link) Sets the DTR bit on the specified link Sets the RTS bit on the specified link Indicates that the host has detected a break Used to indicate that the host has detected an overrun error Host has detected a parity error Host has detected a framing error Indicates that remote device has changed one of the port status bits www.national.com 20 LMX9838 TABLE 23. Local Bluetooth Settings Command Read Local Name Write Local Name Read Local BDADDR Change Local BDADDR Store Class of Device Set Scan Mode Get Fixed Pin Set Fixed Pin Get Security Mode Set Security Mode Remove Pairing List Paired Devices Event Read Local Name Confirm Write Local Name Confirm Read Local BDADDR Confirm Change Local BDADDR Confirm Note: The BDADDR is programmed by NSC. It can not be retrieved if erased! Store Class of Device Confirm Set Scan Mode Confirm Set Scan Mode Indication Get Fixed Pin Confirm Set Fixed Pin Confirm PIN request Get Security Mode Confirm Set Security Mode Confirm Remove Pairing Confirm List of Paired Devices Change mode for discoverability and connectability Reports end of Automatic limited discoverable mode Reads current PinCode stored within the device Set the local PinCode a PIN code is requested during authentication of an ACL link Get actual Security mode Configure Security mode for local device (default 2) Remove pairing with a remote device Get list of paired devices stored in the LMX9838 data memory Description Read actual friendly name of the device Set the friendly name of the device Set Default Link Timeout Set Default Link Timeout Confirm Store default link supervision timeout Get Default Link Timeout Get Default Link Timeout Confirm Get stored default link supervision timeout Force Master Role Force Master Role Confirm Enables/Disables the request for master role at incoming connections TABLE 24. Local Service Database Configuration Command Store generic SDP Record Enable SDP Record Delete All SDP Records Ports to Open Event Store SDP Record Confirm Enable SDP Record Confirm Delete All SDP Records Confirm Ports to Open Confirmed Specify the RFComm Ports to open on startup Description Create a new service record within the service database Enable or disable SDP records TABLE 25. Local Hardware Commends Command Set Default Audio Settings Get Default Audio Settings Set Event Filter Get Event Filter Read RSSI Change UART Speed Change UART Settings Test Mode Restore Factory Settings Reset Firmware Upgrade Set Clock Frequency Get Clock Frequency Write ROM Patch Read Memory Write Memory Set Clock Frequency Confirm Get Clock Frequency Confirm Write ROM Patch Confirm Read Memory Confirm Write Memory Confirm Event Set Default Audio Settings Confirm Get Default Audio Settings Confirm Set Event Filter Confirm Get Event Filter Confirm Read RSSI Confirm Change UART Speed Confirm Change UART Settings Confirm Test Mode Confirm Restore Factory Settings Confirm Dongle Ready Soft reset Stops the bluetooth firmware and executes the In-systemprogramming code Write Clock Frequency setting in the NVS Read Clock Frequency setting from the NVS Store ROM Patch in the Simply Blue module Read from the internal RAM Write to the internal RAM Description Configure Default Settings for Audio Codec and Air Format, stored in NVS Get stored Default Audio Settings Configures the reporting level of the command interface Get the status of the reporting level Returns an indicator for the incoming signal strength Set specific UART speed; needs proper ISEL pin setting Change configuration for parity and stop bits Enable Bluetooth, EMI test, or local loopback Set PCM Slave Configuration Set PCM Slave Configuration Confirm Write the PCM Slave Configuration in the NVS 21 www.national.com LMX9838 Command Read NVS Write NVS Event Read NVS Confirm Write NVS Confirm Description Read from the NVS (EEPROM) Write to the NVS (EEPROM) TABLE 26. Initialization Commands Command Set Clock and Baudrate Enter Bluetooth Mode Set Clock and Baudrate Event Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Enter Bluetooth Mode Confirm Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Description Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used Request SimplyBlue module to enter BT mode Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used TABLE 27. GPIO Control Commands Command Set GPIO WPU Get GPIO Input State Set GPIO Direction Set GPIO Output High Set GPIO Output Low Event Set GPIO WPU Confirm Get GPIO Input States Confirm Set GPIO Direction Confirm Set GPIO Output High Confirm Set GPIO Output Low Confirm Description Enable/Disable weak pull up resistor on GPIOs Read the status of the GPIOs Set the GPIOs direction (Input, Ouput) Set GPIOs Output to logical High Set GPIOs Output to logical Low www.national.com 22 LMX9838 17.0 Application Notes The different possibilities to power supply the LMX9838 depend on the IO interface logic level. Figure 9 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 3.0V to 3.3V IO interface. Figure 10 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 2.5V to 3.0V IO interface. Figure 11 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V to 2.5V IO interface. Figure 12 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V IO interface. 17.1 FILTERED POWER SUPPLY It is important to provide the LMX9838 with adequate ground planes and a filtered power supply. It is highly recommended that a 2.2 μF and a 100 nF bypass capacitor be placed as close as possible to the power supply pins VCC, MVCC, and VCC_IO. 17.2 FREQUENCY AND BAUDRATE SELECTION OP3, OP4, OP5 can be strapped to the host logic 0 and 1 levels to set the host interface boot-up configuration. Alternatively all OP3, OP4, OP5 can be hardwired over 1k Ohm pullup/pulldown resistors. See Table 7. 30027908 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. FIGURE 9. 3.0V to 3.3V Example Functional System Schematic 23 www.national.com LMX9838 30027909 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 10. 2.5V to 3.0V Example Functional System Schematic 30027910 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 11. 1.8V to 2.5V Example Functional System Schematic www.national.com 24 LMX9838 30027911 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 12. 1.8V Example Functional System Schematic 25 www.national.com LMX9838 18.0 Evaluation Design 30027915 www.national.com 26 FIGURE 13. LMX9838 19.0 Soldering The LMX9838 bumps are designed to melt as part of the Surface Mount Assembly (SMA) process. In order to ensure reflow of all solder bumps and maximum solder joint reliability while minimizing damage to the package, recommended reflow profiles should be used. Table 28, Table 29 and Figure 14 provide the soldering details required to properly solder the LMX9838 to standard PCBs. The illustration serves only as a guide and National is not liable if a selected profile does not work. See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004 for more information. TABLE 28. Soldering Details Parameter PCB Land Pad Diameter PCB Solder Mask Opening PCB Finish (HASL details) Stencil Aperture Stencil Thickness Solder Paste Used Flux Cleaning Process Reflow Profiles Value 13 mil 19 mil Defined by customer or manufacturing facility 17 mil 5 mil Defined by customer or manufacturing facility Defined by customer or manufacturing facility See Figure 14 TABLE 29. Classification Reflow Profiles (Note 27), (Note 28) Profile Feature Average Ramp-Up Rate (TsMAX to Tp) Preheat: Temperature Min (TsMIN) Temperature Max (TsMAX) Time (tsMIN to tsMAX) Time maintained above: Temperature (TL) Time (tL) Peak/Classification Temperature (Tp) Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature (tp) Ramp-Down Rate Time 25 °C to Peak Temperature Reflow Profiles Note 27: See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004. Note 28: All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the package body surface. NOPB Assembly 3°C/second maximum   150°C 200°C 60 – 180 seconds   217°C 60 – 150 seconds 250 + 0°C 20 – 40 seconds 6°C/second maximum 8 minutes maximum See Figure 14 30027912 FIGURE 14. Typical Reflow Profiles 27 www.national.com LMX9838 20.0 Regulatory Compliance The LMX9838 has been tested and approved to be compliant to the following regulatory standards: CE Compliance: • EN 300 328 v1.7.1 • EN 301 489-17 v1.2.1 IC Compliance: • RSS-GEN Issue 1 • RSS-210 Issue 7 Annex 8 and RSS-GEN issue 2 FCC Compliance: • FCC Part 15 Subpart C 20.1 FCC INSTRUCTIONS 20.1.1 Safety Information For Rf Exposure 20.1.1.1 FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This module may only be installed by the OEM or an OEM integrator. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. OEM integrators and End-users and installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. Only the antenna filed under FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 can be used with this device. 20.1.1.2 End Product Labeling FCC ID label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains TX FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 “or “Contains transmitter module FCC ID: ED9LMX9838”. IC label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains TX IC: 1520A-LMX9838” or “Contains transmitter module IC: 1520A-LMX9838”. 20.1.1.3 End Product Manual Information In the user manual, final system integrator must ensure that there is no instruction provided in the user manual to install or remove the transmitter module. LMX9838SB must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions as described in the user documentation that comes with the product. The following information is required to be incorporated in the user manual of final system. USA-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by tuning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver. • Connect the equipment to outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation. This device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Canada – Industry Canada (IC) This device complies with RSS 210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of this device.” L ‘ utilisation de ce dispositif est autorisée seulement aux conditions suivantes : (1) il ne doit pas produire d’interference et (2) l’ utilisateur du dispositif doit étre pr?t ? accepter toute interference radioélectrique reçu, m?me si celle-ci est susceptible de compromettre le fonctionnement du dispositif. Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation. The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population; consult Safety Code 6, obtainable from Health Canada’s website www.hc-sc.gc.ca/rpb. www.national.com 28 LMX9838 21.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted NS Package Number SB70A 29 www.national.com LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module Notes THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. NATIONAL MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PUBLICATION AND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. NO LICENSE, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, ARISING BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. TESTING AND OTHER QUALITY CONTROLS ARE USED TO THE EXTENT NATIONAL DEEMS NECESSARY TO SUPPORT NATIONAL’S PRODUCT WARRANTY. EXCEPT WHERE MANDATED BY GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS, TESTING OF ALL PARAMETERS OF EACH PRODUCT IS NOT NECESSARILY PERFORMED. NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE OR BUYER PRODUCT DESIGN. BUYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS USING NATIONAL COMPONENTS. PRIOR TO USING OR DISTRIBUTING ANY PRODUCTS THAT INCLUDE NATIONAL COMPONENTS, BUYERS SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE DESIGN, TESTING AND OPERATING SAFEGUARDS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN NATIONAL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND NATIONAL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY RELATING TO THE SALE AND/OR USE OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor and the National Semiconductor logo are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. All other brand or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Copyright© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: new.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 1-800-272-9959 National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530-85-86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +49 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Support Center Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Customer Support Center Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 www.national.com