TS2007EKIJT

TS2007FC 3 W filter-free class D audio power amplifier with 6 or 12 dB fixed gain select Features ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Operates from VCC=2.4 V to 5.5 V Standby mode active low Output power: 1.4 W at 5 V or 0.5 W at 3.0 V into 8 Ω with 1% THD+N max. Output power: 2.3 W at 5V or 0.75 W at 3.0 V into 4 Ω with 1% THD+N max. Two fixed gain selects: 6 dB or 12 dB Low current consumption Efficiency: 86% typical Signal-to-noise ratio: 90 dB typical PSRR: 68 dB typical at 217 Hz with 6 dB gain PWM base frequency: 280 kHz Low pop and click noise Thermal shutdown protection Output short-circuit protection Flip-chip lead-free 9-bump package with back coating in option. TS2007EIJT - 9-bump flip-chip Pinout (top view) OUT- GND OUT+ GS VCC STBY Applications ■ ■ ■ Cellular phone PDA Notebook PC IN+ VCC IN- Description The TS2007FC is a class D power audio amplifier. Able to drive up to 1.4 W into an 8 Ω load at 5 V, it achieves better efficiency than typical class AB audio power amplifiers. This device can switch between two gain settings, 6 dB or 12 dB via a logic signal on the gain select pin. Pop and click reduction circuitry provides low on/off switch noise and allows the device to start within 1 ms typically. A standby mode function (active low) keeps the current consumption down to 1 μA typical. The TS2007FC is available in a 9-bump flip-chip lead-free package. August 2008 Rev 1 1/28 www.st.com 28 Contents TS2007FC Contents 1 2 3 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1 3.2 Electrical characteristics tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Electrical characteristic curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 Differential configuration principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Gain settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Common mode feedback loop limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Low frequency response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Circuit decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Wake-up time (twu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Shutdown time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Consumption in shutdown mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Single-ended input configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Output filter considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Short-circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Thermal shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5 6 7 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2/28 TS2007FC Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions 1 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions Table 1. Symbol VCC Vin Toper Tstg Tj Rthja Pd ESD Machine model Latch-up Supply voltage (1) Input voltage (2) Absolute maximum ratings (AMR) Parameter Value 6 GND to VCC -40 to + 85 -65 to +150 150 (3) Unit V V °C °C °C °C/W (4) Operating free-air temperature range Storage temperature Maximum junction temperature Thermal resistance junction to ambient Power dissipation Human body model (5) (6) 200 Internally limited 2 200 Class A = 200 260 kV V mA °C Latch-up immunity Lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) Output short circuit protection (7) 1. All voltage values are measured with respect to the ground pin. 2. The magnitude of input signal must never exceed VCC + 0.3 V / GND - 0.3 V 3. The device is protected in case of over temperature by a thermal shutdown active @ 150° C. 4. Exceeding the power derating curves during a long period provokes abnormal operating conditions. 5. Human body model: 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device, done for all couples of pin combinations with other pins floating. 6. Machine model: a 200 pF cap is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω), done for all couples of pin combinations with other pins floating. 7. Implemented short-circuit protection protects the amplifier against damage by short-circuit between positive and negative outputs and between outputs and ground. 3/28 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions Table 2. Symbol VCC Vin Vicm Supply voltage Input voltage range Input common mode voltage range (1) Standby voltage input: (2) Device ON Device OFF Gain select input voltage: (4) Gain = 6 dB Gain = 12 dB Load resistor Thermal resistance junction to ambient (5) TS2007FC Operating conditions Parameter Value 2.4 to 5.5 GND to VCC GND + 0.15 V to VCC - 0.7 V 1.4 ≤ VSTBY ≤ VCC GND ≤VSTBY ≤0.4 (3) 1.4 ≤ VGS ≤ VCC GND ≤VGS ≤0.4 ≥ Unit V V V VSTBY V VGS RL Rthja V 4 Ω °C/W 90 1. |Voo| ≤35 mV max with both differential gains. 2. Without any signal on VSTBY, the device is in standby (internal 300 kΩ pull down resistor). 3. Minimum current consumption is obtained when VSTBY = GND. 4. Without any signal on GS pin, the device is in a 6 dB gain configuration (internal 300 kΩ pull up resistor). 5. With mounted on 4-layer PCB. 4/28 TS2007FC Application information 2 Application information Table 3. External component description Functional description Supply capacitor that provides power supply filtering. Input coupling capacitors (optional) that block the DC voltage at the amplifier input terminal. These capacitors also form a high pass filter with Zin (Fc = 1 / (2 x π x Zin x Cin)). Components Cs Cin S ee Table 4. Pin name IN+ VCC INGS STDBY GND OUT+ OUT- Pin description Pin description Positive differential input Power supply Negative differential input Gain select input Standby pin (active low) Ground Positive differential output Negative differential output Figure 1. Typical application VCC Gain select control Cs 1uF Input capacitors are optional A2 B2 TS2007 Speaker OUT+ C3 A3 OUTH Bridge InCin C1 Differential Input Cin In+ A1 IN+ IN- GS Gain Select - Vcc PWM + Standby Control Standby C2 Oscillator Gnd B3 Protection Circuit Standby control Note: See Section 4.10: Output filter considerations on page 23. 5/28 Electrical characteristics TS2007FC 3 3.1 Table 5. Symbol ICC ICC-STBY Voo Electrical characteristics Electrical characteristics tables VCC = +5 V, GND = 0 V, Vic = 2.5 V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply current. No input signal, no load Standby current (1). No input signal, VSTBY = GND. Output offset voltage. Floating inputs, RL = 8 Ω Output power THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Total harmonic distortion + noise Po = 900 mWRMS, G = 6 dB, F= 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Efficiency Po = 2.3 Wrms, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Po = 1.4 Wrms, RL = 8 Ω (with LC output filter) Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded, CIN = 1 µF (2) F= 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 6 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , F= 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 12 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , Common mode rejection ratio Cin=1 µF, RL = 8 Ω 20 Hz < F< 20 kHz, Gain = 6 dB, ΔVICM = 200 mVpp Gain value, Gs = 0 V Gain value, GS = VCC Single ended input impedance (3) Pulse width modulator base frequency Signal-to-noise ratio (A-weighting), F = 1 kHz, Po = 1.9 W G = 6 dB, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Wake-up time Standby time Output voltage noise, F = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, RL = 4 Ω Unweighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) 11.5 5.5 68 190 2.3 1.4 3 1.75 0.12 Min. Typ. 2.5 1 Max. 4 2 25 Unit mA µA mV Po W THD + N % Efficiency 86 92 68 65 60 12 6 75 280 93 1 1 87 60 83 58 106 77 101 75 3 12.5 6.5 82 370 % PSRR dB CMRR Gain Zin FPWM SNR tWU tSTBY dB dB kΩ kHz dB ms ms VN µVrms 1. Standby mode is active when VSTBY is tied to GND. 2. Dynamic measurement - 20*log(rms(Vout)/rms(Vripple)). Vripple is the superimposed sinus signal to VCC @ F =217 Hz. 3. Independent of gain configuration (6 or 12 dB) and between IN+ or IN- and GND. 6/28 TS2007FC Table 6. Symbol ICC ICC-STBY Voo Electrical characteristics VCC = +4.2 V, GND = 0 V, Vic = 2.1 V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply current No input signal, no load Standby current (1) No input signal, VSTBY = GND Output offset voltage Floating inputs, RL = 8 Ω Output power THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Total harmonic distortion + noise Po = 600 mWrms, G = 6 dB, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Efficiency Po = 1.6 Wrms, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Po = 0.95 Wrms, RL = 8 Ω (with LC output filter) Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded, Cin = 1 µF (2) F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 6 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 12 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , Common mode rejection ratio Cin = 1 µF, RL = 8 Ω, 20 Hz < F< 20 kHz, Gain = 6 dB, ΔVICM = 200 mVpp Gain value Gs = 0 V GS = VCC Single ended input impedance (3) Pulse width modulator base frequency Signal-to-noise ratio (A-weighting), F=1 kHz, Po = 1.3 W G = 6 dB, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Wake-up time Standby time Output voltage noise, F = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, RL = 4 Ω Unweighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) 11.5 5.5 68 190 1.6 0.95 2 1.2 0.09 Min. Typ. 2 0.85 Max. 3.3 2 25 Unit mA µA mV Po W THD + N % Efficiency 86 92 % PSRR 68 65 60 dB CMRR dB Gain ZIN FPWM SNR tWU tSTBY 12 6 75 280 92 1 1 86 59 82 57 105 74 100 74 12.5 6.5 82 370 dB kΩ kHz dB 3 ms ms VN µVrms 1. Standby mode is active when VSTBY is tied to GND. 2. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(Vout)/rms(Vripple)). Vripple is the superimposed sinus signal to VCC @ F = 217 Hz. 3. Independent of Gain configuration (6 or 12 dB) and between IN+ or IN- and GND. 7/28 Electrical characteristics Table 7. Symbol ICC ICC-STBY Voo TS2007FC VCC = +3.6 V, GND = 0 V, Vic = 1.8 V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply current No input signal, no load Standby current (1) No input signal, VSTBY = GND Output offset voltage Floating inputs, RL = 8 Ω Output power THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Total harmonic distortion + noise Po = 400 mWrms, G = 6 dB, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Efficiency Po = 1.18 Wrms, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Po = 0.7 Wrms, RL = 8 Ω (with LC output filter) Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded, Cin = 1 µF (2) F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 6 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 12 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , Common mode rejection ratio Cin = 1 µF, RL = 8 Ω, 20 Hz < F< 20 kHz, Gain = 6 dB, ΔVICM = 200 mVpp Gain value Gs = 0 V GS = VCC Single ended input impedance (3) Pulse width modulator base frequency Signal-to-noise ratio (A-weighting), F=1 kHz, Po = 0.9 W G = 6 dB, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Wake-up time Standby time Output voltage noise, F = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, RL = 4 Ω Unweighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) 11.5 5.5 68 190 1.2 0.7 1.55 0.9 0.06 Min. Typ. 1.7 0.75 Max. 3.1 2 25 Unit mA µA mV Po W THD + N % Efficiency 86 92 % PSRR 68 65 60 dB CMRR dB Gain Zin FPWM SNR tWU tSTBY 12 6 75 280 90 1 1 84 58 79 56 104 75 99 72 12.5 6.5 82 370 dB kΩ kHz dB 3 ms ms VN μVRMS 1. Standby mode is active when VSTBY is tied to GND. 2. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(Vout)/rms(Vripple)). Vripple is the superimposed sinus signal to VCC @ F= 217 Hz. 3. Independent of gain configuration (6 or 12 dB) and between IN+ or IN- and GND. 8/28 TS2007FC Table 8. Symbol ICC ICC-STBY Voo Electrical characteristics VCC = +3.0 V, GND = 0 V, Vic = 1.5 V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply current No input signal, no load Standby current (1) No input signal, VSTBY = GND Output offset voltage Floating inputs, RL = 8 Ω Output power THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Total harmonic distortion + noise Po = 300 mWRMS, G = 6 dB, F= 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Efficiency Po = 0.8 Wrms, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Po = 0.5 Wrms, RL = 8 Ω (with LC output filter) Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded, Cin = 1 µF (2) F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 6 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , F = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 12 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , Common mode rejection ratio Cin = 1 µF, RL = 8 Ω, 20 Hz < F< 20 kHz, Gain = 6 dB, ΔVICM = 200 mVpp Gain value Gs = 0 V GS = VCC Single ended input impedance (3) Pulse width modulator base frequency Signal-to-noise ratio (A-weighting), F=1 kHz, Po = 0.6 W G = 6 dB, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Wake-up time Standby time Output voltage noise, F = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, RL = 4 Ω Unweighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) 11.5 5.5 68 190 0.75 0.5 1 0.6 0.04 Min. Typ. 1.5 0.6 Max. 2.9 2 25 Unit mA µA mV Po W THD + N % Efficiency 85 91 % PSRR 68 65 60 dB CMRR dB Gain Zin FPWM SNR tWU tSTBY 12 6 75 280 89 1 1 82 57 78 55 103 74 99 71 12.5 6.5 82 370 dB kΩ kHz dB 3 ms ms VN µVRMS 1. Standby mode is active when VSTBY is tied to GND. 2. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(Vout)/rms(Vripple)). Vripple is the superimposed sinus signal to VCC @ F = 217 Hz. 3. Independent of Gain configuration (6 or 12 dB) and between IN+ or IN- and GND. 9/28 Electrical characteristics Table 9. Symbol ICC ICC-STBY Voo TS2007FC VCC = +2.7 V, GND = 0 V, Vic = 1.35 V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply current No input signal, no load Standby current (1) No input signal, VSTBY = GND Output offset voltage Floating inputs, RL = 8 Ω Output power THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 1% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω THD = 10% max, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Total harmonic distortion + noise Po = 250 mWrms, G = 6 dB, F = 1 kHz, RL = 8 Ω Efficiency Po = 0.64 Wrms, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Po = 0.39 Wrms, RL = 8 Ω (with LC output filter) Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded, Cin = 1 µF (2) F= 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 6 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , F= 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω Gain = 12 dB, Vripple = 200 mVpp , Common mode rejection ratio Cin = 1 µF, RL = 8 Ω, 20 Hz < F< 20 kHz, Gain = 6 dB, ΔVICM = 200 mVpp Gain value Gs = 0 V GS = VCC Single ended input impedance (3) Pulse width modulator base frequency Signal-to-noise ratio (A-weighting), F=1 kHz, Po = 0.5 W G = 6 dB, RL = 4 Ω (with LC output filter) Wake-up time Standby time Output voltage noise, F = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, RL = 4 Ω Unweighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 6 dB) Unweighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (filterless, G = 12 dB) Unweighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) A-weighted (with LC output filter, G = 12 dB) 11.5 5.5 68 190 0.64 0.39 0.83 0.49 0.03 Min. Typ. 1.45 0.5 Max. 2.5 2 25 Unit mA µA mV Po W THD + N % Efficiency 84 91 % PSRR 68 65 60 dB CMRR dB Gain Zin FPWM SNR tWU tSTBY 12 6 75 280 88 1 1 82 56 77 55 100 73 98 70 12.5 6.5 82 370 dB kΩ kHz dB 3 ms ms VN µVRMS 1. Standby mode is active when VSTBY is tied to GND. 2. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(Vout)/rms(Vripple)). Vripple is the superimposed sinus signal to VCC @ F= 217 Hz. 3. Independent of Gain configuration (6 or 12 dB) and between IN+ or IN- and GND. 10/28 TS2007FC Electrical characteristics 3.2 Electrical characteristic curves The graphs shown in this section use the following abbreviations: ● ● RL+ 15 µH or 30 µH = pure resistor + very low series resistance inductor Filter = LC output filter (1 µF+ 30 µH for 4 Ω and 0.5 µF+15 µH for 8 Ω) All measurements are done with CS1 = 1 µF and CS2 = 100 nF (Figure 2), except for the PSRR where CS1 is removed (Figure 3). Figure 2. Test diagram for measurements VCC Cs1 1 μF Cs2 100nF GND Cin In+ Out+ GND RL 4 or 8 Ω 15 μH or 30 μH or LC Filter 5th order 50kHz low-pass filter TS2007 InCin Out- GND Audio Measurement Bandwith < 30kHz Figure 3. Test diagram for PSRR measurements Cs2 100nF VCC 20Hz to 20kHz Vripple Vcc 1 μF Cin In+ GND Out+ GND RL 4 or 8 Ω 15 μH or 30 μH or LC Filter 5th order 50kHz low-pass filter TS2007 InCin 1 μF Out- GND GND 5th order 50kHz low-pass filter reference RMS Selective Measurement Bandwith =1% of Fmeas 11/28 Electrical characteristics TS2007FC For quick reference, a list of the graphs shown in this section is provided in Table 10. Table 10. Index of graphs Description Current consumption vs. power supply voltage Standby current vs. power supply voltage Current consumption vs. standby voltage Efficiency vs. output power Output power vs. power supply voltage THD+N vs. output power THD+N vs. frequency PSRR vs. frequency PSRR vs. common mode input voltage CMRR vs. frequency CMRR vs. common mode input voltage Gain vs. frequency Output offset vs. common mode input voltage Power derating curves Startup and shutdown phase Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 to Figure 12 Figure 13, Figure 14 Figure 15 to Figure 18 Figure 19 to Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30, Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33, Figure 34 Figure 35, Figure 36 Figure 37 to Figure 39 Figure 40 Figure 41 to Figure 43 Figure 12/28 TS2007FC Electrical characteristics Figure 4. 3.5 3.0 Current Consumption (mA) Current consumption vs. power supply voltage Figure 5. 1.4 Standby current vs. power supply voltage No load T AMB = 2 5 ° C No load Vstdby = GND 1.2 Tamb = 25 ° C Standby Current (μ A) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Power Supply Voltage (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Power Supply Voltage (V) Figure 6. 4 Current consumption vs. standby voltage Figure 7. Efficiency vs. output power 100 0.6 0.5 0.4 Power Dissipation (W) Power Dissipation (W) Current Consumption (mA) 3 Vcc=5V Vcc=4.2V Efficiency (%) 80 Efficiency 60 0.3 40 Power Dissipation Vcc = 5V F = 1kHz RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C 2.5 3.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 Vcc=3.6V 1 Vcc=2.7V Vcc=3V No load T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0 1 2 3 4 5 20 0 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Output Power (W) Standby Voltage (V) Figure 8. 100 Efficiency vs. output power 0.16 0.14 Figure 9. 100 Efficiency vs. output power 0.35 0.30 80 Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency 80 0.12 0.10 0.08 Efficiency (%) Efficiency 0.25 0.20 Vcc = 3.6V F = 1kHz RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C 1.2 1.4 0.15 0.10 0.05 60 60 40 Power Dissipation 20 Vcc = 5V F = 1kHz RL = 8 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C 1.5 0.06 0.04 0.02 40 Power Dissipation 20 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 Output Power (W) 0.00 2.0 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Output Power (W) 0.00 1.6 13/28 Electrical characteristics TS2007FC Figure 10. Efficiency vs. output power 100 0.09 0.08 80 Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W) Figure 11. Efficiency vs. output power 100 0.20 0.18 80 Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency 0.07 0.06 Efficiency 0.16 0.14 60 0.05 Vcc = 3.6V F = 1kHz RL = 8 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0.8 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 60 0.12 0.10 40 Power Dissipation 40 Power Dissipation 20 20 Vcc = 2.7V F = 1kHz RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0.7 0.8 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Output Power (W) 0.00 1.0 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Output Power (W) 0.00 0.9 Figure 12. Efficiency vs. output power Figure 13. Output power vs. power supply voltage 0.050 100 3.0 Output power at 1% THD + N (W) 0.045 80 Efficiency (%) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Efficiency 0.040 0.035 F = 1kHz BW < 30kHz TAMB = 2 5 ° C RL=4 Ω + ≥ 15 μ H 60 0.030 0.025 40 Power Dissipation 20 Vcc = 2.7V F = 1kHz RL = 8 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H THD+N ≤ 1 0% BW ≤ 3 0kHz TAMB = 2 5 ° C 0.4 0.5 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 RL=8 Ω + ≥ 15 μ H 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Output Power (W) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 P ower supply voltage (V) Figure 14. Output power vs. power supply voltage 3.5 F = 1kHz BW < 30kHz 3.0 T AMB = 2 5 ° C 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Figure 15. THD+N vs. output power 10 RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H F = 100Hz G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Vcc=5V Vcc=4.2V Vcc=3.6V Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V Output power at 10% THD + N (W) RL=4 Ω + ≥ 15 μ H 0.1 RL=8 Ω + ≥ 15 μ H 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 P ower supply voltage (V) 5.0 5.5 0.01 0.01 0.1 Output power (W) 1 14/28 TS2007FC Electrical characteristics Figure 16. THD+N vs. output power 10 RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H F = 100Hz G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 17. THD+N vs. output power 10 RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H F = 1kHz G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Vcc=5V Vcc=4.2V Vcc=3.6V Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V Vcc=4.2V Vcc=3.6V Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V 0.1 0.1 Vcc=5V 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.1 Output power (W) 1 0.1 Output power (W) 1 Figure 18. THD+N vs. output power 10 RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H F = 1kHz G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 Tamb = 25 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 19. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 5V RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz T AMB = 2 5 ° C Vcc=4.2V Vcc=3.6V Vcc=3V 1 Vcc=2.7V 0.1 THD + N (%) Po=1400mW 0.1 Po=700mW Vcc=5V 0.01 0.01 0.1 Output power (W) 1 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 Figure 20. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 5V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz TAMB = 2 5 ° C Figure 21. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 4.2V RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Po=900mW 1 THD + N (%) Po=1000mW 0.1 Po=450mW 0.1 Po=500mW 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 15/28 Electrical characteristics TS2007FC Figure 22. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 4.2V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 23. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 3.6V RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Po=600mW Po=700mW 0.1 0.1 Po=300mW 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) Po=350mW 10000 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 Figure 24. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 3.6V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 TAMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 25. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 3V RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C Po=500mW Po=400mW 0.1 THD + N (%) 0.1 Po=200mW 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) Po=250mW 10000 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 Figure 26. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 3V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 TAMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 27. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 2.7V RL = 4 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 T AMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Po=300mW Po=400mW Po=150mW Po=200mW 0.1 0.1 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 16/28 TS2007FC Electrical characteristics Figure 28. THD+N vs. frequency 10 Vcc = 2.7V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H G = +6dB BW < 30kHz 1 TAMB = 2 5 ° C THD + N (%) Figure 29. PSRR vs. frequency 0 -10 Inputs grounded Vcc = 5V, 4.2V, 3.6V, 3V, 2.7V Vripple = 200mVpp C IN = 1 μ F RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H TAMB = 2 5 ° C Po=250mW -20 -30 Po=125mW PSRR (dB) -40 -50 -60 -70 G=+6dB G=+12dB 0.1 0.01 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 -80 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) 10000 Figure 30. PSRR vs. common mode input voltage 0 -10 -20 -30 PSRR (dB) Figure 31. PSRR vs. common mode input voltage 0 Vripple = 200mVpp G = +12dB F = 217Hz RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H TAMB = 2 5 ° C Vripple = 200mVpp G = +6dB F = 217Hz RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C PSRR (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 Vcc=3V Vcc=5V -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 0 1 2 Vcc=3.6V 3 Vcc=5V 4 5 Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V Vcc=4.2V Vcc=2.7V Vcc=3.6V Vcc=4.2V 0 1 2 3 4 5 -80 -90 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) Common Mode Input Voltage (V) Figure 32. CMRR vs. frequency 0 Δ Vicm = 200mVpp Figure 33. CMRR vs. common mode input voltage 0 Δ Vic = 200mVpp -10 -20 -30 G = +6dB, +12dB Cin = 4.7 μ F RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H T amb = 25 ° C CMRR (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0 G = +6dB F = 217Hz RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 15 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V Vcc=4.2V Vcc=5V CMRR (dB) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 100 1000 Frequency (dB) Vcc=5V, 4.2V, 3.6V, 3V, 2.7V Vcc=3.6V 10000 1 2 3 4 5 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) 17/28 Electrical characteristics TS2007FC Figure 34. CMRR vs. common mode input voltage 0 Δ Vic = 200mVpp Figure 35. Gain vs. frequency 8 -10 -20 CMRR (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0 G = +12dB F = 217Hz RL = ≥ 4 Ω + ≥ 1 5 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C Vcc=3V Vcc=2.7V Gain (dB) 7 6 5 Vcc=3.6V No load RL=8 Ω +15 μ H 4 3 2 RL=8 Ω +30 μ H RL=4 Ω +30 μ H Set Gain = +6dB Vin = 500mVpp TAMB = 2 5 ° C 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) RL=4 Ω +15 μ H Vcc=4.2V 1 2 3 Vcc=5V 4 5 1 0 10000 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) Figure 36. Gain vs. frequency 14 13 12 11 Gain (dB) Figure 37. Output offset vs. common mode input voltage 10 No load 1 RL=8 Ω +15 μ H RL=8 Ω +30 μ H RL=4 Ω +30 μ H Set Gain = +12dB Vin = 500mVpp T AMB = 2 5 ° C 100 1000 Frequency (Hz) |Voo| (mV) 10 9 8 7 6 0.1 G=+6dB RL=4 Ω +15 μ H 0.01 G=+12dB Vcc = 5V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 10000 1E-3 0.0 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) Figure 38. Output offset vs. common mode input voltage 10 Figure 39. Output offset vs. common mode input voltage 10 1 1 |Voo| (mV) |Voo| (mV) 0.1 G=+12dB 0.01 G=+6dB 0.1 G=+12dB 0.01 G=+6dB 1E-3 0.0 Vcc = 3.6V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1E-3 0.0 Vcc = 2.7V RL = 8 Ω + 1 5 μ H T AMB = 2 5 ° C 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) Common Mode Input Voltage (V) 18/28 TS2007FC Electrical characteristics Figure 40. Power derating curves Figure 41. Startup and shutdown phase VCC=5 V, G=6 dB, Cin=1 μF, inputs grounded Vo1 Flip-Chip Package Power Dissipation (W) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 Vo1 - Vo2 Standby Mounted on a 4-layer PCB Vo2 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 No Heat sink AMR value 25 50 75 100 125 150 Ambiant Temperature (° C) Figure 42. Startup and shutdown phase VCC=5 V, G=6 dB, Cin=1 μF, Vin=1 Vpp, F=10 kHz Vo1 Figure 43. Startup and shutdown phase VCC=5 V, G=12 dB, Cin=1 μF, Vin=1 Vpp, F=10 kHz Vo1 Vo2 Vo2 Standby Standby Vo1 - Vo2 Vo1 - Vo2 19/28 Application information TS2007FC 4 4.1 Application information Differential configuration principle The TS2007 is a monolithic fully-differential input/output class D power amplifier. The TS2007 includes a common-mode feedback loop that controls the output bias value to average it at VCC/2 in the range of DC common mode input voltage. This allows the device to always have a maximum output voltage swing, and by consequence, maximize the output power. In addition, as the load is connected differentially compared to a single-ended topology, the output is four times higher for the same power supply voltage. A fully-differential amplifier has the following advantages. ● ● ● ● ● High PSRR (power supply rejection ratio). High CMRR (common mode noise rejection). Virtually zero pop without additional circuitry, giving a faster start-up time than conventional single-ended input amplifiers. Easy interfacing with differential output audio DACs. No input coupling capacitors required since there is a common mode feedback loop. 4.2 Gain settings In the flat region of the frequency-response curve (no input coupling capacitor or internal feedback loop + load effect), the differential gain can be set to either 6 or 12 dB depending on the logic level of the GS pin. Table 11. GS pin gains GS pin 1 0 Gain (dB) 6 dB 12 dB Gain (V/V) 2 4 Note: Between the GS pin and VCC there is an internal 300 kΩ resistor. When the pin is floating the gain is 6 dB. In standby mode, this internal resistor is disconnected (HiZ input). 4.3 Common mode feedback loop limitations As explained previously, the common mode feedback loop allows the output DC bias voltage to be averaged at VCC/2 for any DC common mode bias input voltage. Due to the Vicm limitation of the input stage (see Table 2: Operating conditions), the common mode feedback loop can fulfill its role only within the defined range. 4.4 Low frequency response If a low frequency bandwidth limitation is required, it is possible to use input coupling capacitors. In the low frequency region, the input coupling capacitor Cin has a greater effect. Cin and the input impedance Zin form a first-order high-pass filter with a -3 dB cut-off frequency (see Table 5 to Table 9). 20/28 TS2007FC Application information 1 F CL = ------------------------------------------2 ⋅ π ⋅ Z in ⋅ C in So, for a desired cut-off frequency FCL we can calculate Cin: 1 C in = --------------------------------------------2 ⋅ π ⋅ Z in ⋅ F CL with FCL in Hz, Zin in Ω and Cin in F. The input impedance Zin is for the whole power supply voltage range, typically 75 kΩ. There is also a tolerance around the typical value (see Table 5 to Table 9). With regard to the tolerance, you can also calculate tolerance of the FCL: ● ● F CLmax = 1.103 ⋅ F CL F CLmin = 0.915 ⋅ F CL 4.5 Circuit decoupling A power supply capacitor, referred to as CS, is needed to correctly bypass the TS2007. The TS2007 has a typical switching frequency of 280 kHz and output fall and rise time of less than or equal to 5 ns. Due to these very fast transients, careful decoupling is mandatory. A 1 µF ceramic capacitor is enough, but it must be located very close to the TS2007 in order to avoid any extra parasitic inductance created by a long track wire. Parasitic loop inductance, in relation with di/dt, introduces overvoltage that decreases the global efficiency of the device and may cause, if this parasitic inductance is too high, a TS2007 breakdown. For filtering low frequency noise signals on the power line, it is recommended to use a capacitor CS of at least 1 µF. In addition, even if a ceramic capacitor has an adequate high frequency ESR (equivalent series resistance) value, its current capability is also important. A 0603 size is a good compromise, particularly when a 4 Ω load is used. Another important parameter is the rated voltage of the capacitor. A 1 µF/6.3 V capacitor used at 5 V, loses about 50% of its value: with a power supply voltage of 5 V, the decoupling value, instead of 1 µF, could be reduced to 0.5 µF. As CS has particular influence on the THD+N in the medium to high frequency region, this capacitor variation becomes decisive. In addition, less decoupling means higher overshoots which can be problematic if they reach the power supply AMR value (6 V). 4.6 Wake-up time (twu) When the standby is released to set the device ON, there is a wait of 1 ms typically. The TS2007 has an internal digital delay that mutes the outputs and releases them after this time in order to avoid any pop noise. Note: The gain increases smoothly (see Figure 42 and Figure 43) from the mute to the gain selected by the GS pin (Section 4.2). 21/28 Application information TS2007FC 4.7 Shutdown time When the standby command is set to high, the time required to put the two output stages into high impedance and to put the internal circuitry in shutdown mode, is typically 1 ms. This time is used to decrease the gain and avoid any pop noise during shutdown. Note: The gain decreases smoothly until the outputs are muted (see Figure 42 and Figure 43). 4.8 Consumption in shutdown mode Between the shutdown pin and GND there is an internal 300 kΩ resistor. This resistor forces the TS2007 to be in shutdown when the shutdown input is left floating. However, this resistor also introduces additional shutdown power consumption if the shutdown pin voltage does not equal 0 V. This extra current is provided by the device that drives the standby pin of the amplifier. Referring to Table 2: Operating conditions on page 4, with a 0.4 V shutdown voltage pin for example, you must add 0.4 V/300 k = 1.3 µA in typical (0.4 V/273 k = 1.46 µA maximum) to the shutdown current specified in Table 5 to Table 9. 4.9 Single-ended input configuration It is possible to use the TS2007 in a single-ended input configuration. However, input coupling capacitors are needed in this configuration. The following schematic diagram shows a typical single-ended input application. Figure 44. Typical application for single-ended input configuration VCC Gain select control Cs 1uF A2 B2 TS2007 Speaker OUT+ C3 A3 OUTH Bridge Input Cin C1 A1 IN+ Cin IN- GS Gain Select - Vcc PWM + Standby Control Standby C2 Oscillator Gnd B3 Protection Circuit Standby control 22/28 TS2007FC Application information 4.10 Output filter considerations The TS2007 is designed to operate without an output filter. However, due to very sharp transients on the TS2007 output, EMI radiated emissions may cause some standard compliance issues. These EMI standard compliance issues can appear if the distance between the TS2007 outputs and loudspeaker terminal are long (typically more than 50 mm, or 100 mm in both directions). As the PCB layout and internal equipment device are different for each configuration, it is difficult to provide a one-size-fits-all solution. However, to decrease the probability of EMI issues, there are several simple rules to follow. ● ● ● Reduce, as much as possible, the distance between the TS2007 output pins and the speaker terminals. Use a ground plane for shielding sensitive wires. Place, as close as possible to the TS2007 and in series with each output, a ferrite bead with a rated current of minimum 2.5 A and impedance greater than 50 Ω at frequencies above 30 MHz. Allow extra footprint to place, if necessary, a capacitor to short perturbations to ground (Figure 45). ● Figure 45. Ferrite chip bead placement From TS2007 output Ferrite chip bead to speaker about 100pF gnd In the case where the distance between the TS2007 output and the speaker terminals is too long, it is possible to have low frequency EMI issues due to the fact that the typical operating PWM frequency is 280 kHz and fall and rise time of the output signal is less than or equal to 5 ns. In this configuration, it is necessary to use the output filter represented in Figure 46 on page 24, that consists of L1, C1, L2 and C2 as close as possible to the TS2007 outputs. When an output filter is used and there exists a possibility to disconnect a load, it is recommended to use an RC network that consists of C3 and R as shown in Figure 46 on page 24. In this case, when the output filter is connected without any load, the filter acts like a short circuit for input frequencies above 10 kHz. The RC network corrects frequency response of the output filter and compensates this limitation. 23/28 Application information Table 12. Example of component choice Component L1 L2 C1 C2 C3 R RL = 4 Ω 15μH / 1.4A 15μH / 1.4A 2μF / 10V 2μF / 10V 1μF / 10V 22Ω / 0.25W RL = 8 Ω 30μH / 0.7A 30μH / 0.7A 1μF / 10V 1μF / 10V 1μF / 10V 47Ω / 0.25W TS2007FC Figure 46. LC output filter with RC network LC Output Filter OUT+ L1 from TS2007 L2 OUTC2 R C1 C3 RL RC network 4.11 Short-circuit protection The TS2007 includes an output short-circuit protection. This protection prevents the device from being damaged if there are fault conditions on the amplifier outputs. When a channel is in operating mode and a short-circuit occurs directly between two outputs (Out+ and Out-) or between an output and ground (Out+ and GND or Out- and GND), the short-circuit protection detects this situation and puts the amplifier into standby. To put the amplifier back into operating mode, put the standby pin to logical LO and then to logical HI. 4.12 Thermal shutdown The TS2007 device has an internal thermal shutdown protection in the event of extreme temperatures to protect the device from overheating. Thermal shutdown is active when the device reaches 150°C. When the temperature decreases to safe levels, the circuit switches back to normal operation. 24/28 TS2007FC Package information 5 Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, STMicroelectronics offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an STMicroelectronics trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com. Figure 47. 9-bump flip-chip pinout (top view) 3 2 1 OUT- GND OUT+ GS VCC STBY IN+ VCC IN- A B C Balls are underneath Figure 48. Marking (top view) E ● ● ● K7 X YWW ● ● ● Logo: ST First two digits for part number: K7 Third digit for assembly plant: X Three digit date code: YWW Dot indicates pin A1 E symbol for lead free 25/28 Package information Figure 49. 9-bump flip-chip package mechanical data 1.57 mm ● ● ● TS2007FC 1.57 mm 0.5mm ● ● ● ● 0.5mm ∅ 0.25mm ● ● 40 m µ 600 m µ Die size: 1.57 mm x 1.57 mm ±30 µm Die height (including bumps): 600 µm Bump diameter: 315 µm ±50 µm Bump diameter before reflow: 300 µm ±10 µm Bump height: 250 µm ±40 µm Die height: 350 µm ±20 µm Pitch: 500 µm ±50 µm Back coating layer height*: 40 µm ±10 µm Coplanarity: 50 µm max * Optional 26/28 TS2007FC Ordering information 6 Ordering information Table 13. Order codes Temperature range -40° C to +85° C -40° C to +85° C Package Flip chip Flip chip with back coating Marking K7 K7 Order code TS2007EIJT TS2007EKIJT 7 Revision history Table 14. Date 19-Aug-2008 Document revision history Revision 1 Initial release. Changes 27/28 TS2007FC Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. 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