TSM1014
Low consumption voltage and current controller for battery chargers
and adapters
Datasheet - production data
Applications
Adapters
Battery chargers
%
40
QMBTUJD QBDLBHF
Description
The TSM1014 is a highly integrated solution for
SMPS applications requiring CV (constant
voltage) and CC (constant current) mode.
Features
Constant voltage and constant current control
Low consumption
The TSM1014 device integrates one voltage
reference and two operational amplifiers.
The voltage reference combined with one
operational amplifier makes it an ideal voltage
controller. The other operational amplifier,
combined with few external resistors and the
voltage reference, can be used as a current
limiter.
Low voltage operation
Low external component count
Current sink output stage
Easy compensation
High ac mains voltage rejection
Figure 1. Pin connections (top view)
2 kV ESD protection (HBM)
Voltage reference
Fixed output voltage reference 1.25 V
0.5% and 1% voltage precision
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Table 1. Order codes
Part number
Temperature range
Package
Packaging
VRef (%)
Marking
Tube
1
M1014
Tape and reel
1
M1014
Tube
0.5
M1014A
Tape and reel
0.5
M1014A
TSM1014ID
TSM1014IDT
TSM1014AID
-40 to 105 °C
TSM1014AIDT
April 2016
This is information on a product in full production.
SO-8
DocID10694 Rev 3
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www.st.com
Contents
TSM1014
Contents
1
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5
Internal schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6
Principles of operation and application tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7
6.1
Voltage control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2
Current control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.3
Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.4
Start-up and short-circuit conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.5
Voltage clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1
8
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SO-8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DocID10694 Rev 3
TSM1014
1
Pin descriptions
Pin descriptions
Table 2 gives the pin descriptions for the SO-8 package.
Table 2. Pin descriptions
2
Name
Pin no.
Type
Function
VRef
1
Analog output
Voltage reference
Cc-
2
Analog input
Input pin of the operational amplifier
Cc+
3
Analog input
Input pin of the operational amplifier
CV-
4
Analog input
Input pin of the operational amplifier
CVOUT
5
Analog output
Output of the operational amplifier
GND
6
Power supply
Ground line. 0 V reference for all voltages.
CCOUT
7
Analog output
Output of the operational amplifier
VCC
8
Power supply
Power supply line
Absolute maximum ratings
Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
Value
Unit
DC supply voltage (50 mA =< ICC)
-0.3V to Vz
V
Input voltage
-0.3 to VCC
V
Operational temperature
-40 to 105
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
-55 to 150
°C
Tj
Junction temperature
150
°C
Voltage reference output current
2.5
mA
2
kV
175
°C/W
Value
Unit
VCC
Vi
Toper
Iref
3
DC supply voltage
ESD
Electrostatic discharge
Rthja
Thermal resistance junction to ambient SO8 package
Operating conditions
Table 4. Operating conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VCC
DC supply conditions
4.5 to Vz
V
Toper
Operational temperature
-40 to 105
°C
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Electrical characteristics
4
TSM1014
Electrical characteristics
Tamb = 25 °C and VCC = +18 V (unless otherwise specified).
Table 5. Electrical characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Test condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
180
µA
Total current consumption
ICC
Total supply current, excluding current in
voltage reference(1)
VCC = 18 V, no load
Tmin. < Tamb < Tmax.
100
Vz
VCC clamp voltage
ICC = 50 mA
28
V
Operator 1: Op Amp with non-inverting input connected to the internal VRef
VRef + Vio
Input offset voltage + voltage reference
TSM1014
TSM1014A
DVio
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
1.251
1.25
Input offset voltage drift
1.266
1.279
1.258
1.267
V
V/°C
7
Operator 2
Vio
Input offset voltage
TSM1014
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
TSM1014A
DVio
0.5
Input offset voltage drift
4
5
2
3
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
SVR
Supply voltage rejection ration
VCC = 4.5 V to 28 V
Vicm
Input common mode voltage range
CMR
Common mode rejection ratio
20
50
65
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
70
60
0.5
150
200
100
0
mV
V/°C
7
Input bias current
Iib
1
nA
dB
VCC -1.5
85
V
dB
Output stage
Gm
Transconduction gain. Sink current only(2)
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
Vol
Low output voltage at 5 mA sinking
current
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
Ios
Output short-circuit current. Output to
(VCC -0.6 V). Sink current only.
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
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1
1
250
6
5
10
mA/m
V
400
mV
mA
TSM1014
Electrical characteristics
Table 5. Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
Test condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
1.238
1.225
1.244
1.237
1.25
1.262
1.273
1.256
1.261
V
30
mV
Voltage reference
VRef
Reference input voltage
TSM1014 1% precision
TSM1014A 0.5% precision
VRef
Reference input voltage deviation over the
Tmin. Tamb Tmax.
temperature range
1.25
20
RegLine
Reference input voltage deviation over the
Iload = 1 mA
VCC range
20
mV
RegLoad
Reference input voltage deviation over the VCC = 18 V,
output current
0 < Iload < 2.5 mA
10
mV
1. Test conditions: pin 2 and 6 connected to GND, pin 4 and 5 connected to 1.25 V, pin 3 connected to 200 mV.
2. The current depends on the voltage difference between the negative and the positive inputs of the amplifier. If the voltage
on the minus input is 1 mV higher than the positive amplifier, the sinking current at the output OUT will be increased by
Gm *1 mA.
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Internal schematic
5
TSM1014
Internal schematic
Figure 2. Internal schematic
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Figure 3. Typical adapter or battery charger application using TSM1014
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In the application schematic shown in Figure 3, the TSM1014 is used on the secondary side
of a flyback adapter (or battery charger) to provide an accurate voltage and current control.
The above feedback loop is made with an optocoupler.
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TSM1014
Principles of operation and application tips
6
Principles of operation and application tips
6.1
Voltage control
The voltage loop is controlled via a first transconductance operational amplifier, the resistor
bridge R1, R2, and the optocoupler which is directly connected to the output.
The relation between the values of R1 and R2 should be chosen as written in Equation 1:
Equation 1
R1 = R2 x VRef / (Vout - VRef)
where Vout is the desired output voltage.
To avoid the discharge of the load, the resistor bridge R1, R2 should be highly resistive. For
this type of application, a total value of 100 K (or more) would be appropriate for the
resistors R1 and R2.
As an example, with R2 = 100 K, Vout = 4.10 V, VRef = 1.210 V, then R1 = 41.9 K.
Note that if the low drop diode is inserted between the load and the voltage regulation
resistor bridge to avoid current flowing from the load through the resistor bridge, this drop
should be taken into account in the above calculations by replacing Vout by (Vout + Vdrop).
6.2
Current control
The current loop is controlled via the second transconductance operational amplifier, the
sense resistor Rsense, and the optocoupler.
Vsense threshold is achieved externally by a resistor bridge tied to the VRef voltage
reference. Its middle point is tied to the positive input of the current control operational
amplifier, and its foot is to be connected to lower potential point of the sense resistor as
shown in Figure 4. The resistors of this bridge are matched to provide the best precision
possible.
The control equation verifies:
Equation 2
R sense I lim = V sense
R 5 V ref
V sense = ------------------------ R4 + R5
Equation 3
R 5 V ref R sense
I lim = -------------------------------------------- R4 + R5
where Ilim is the desired limited current, and Vsense is the threshold voltage for the current
control loop.
Note that the Rsense resistor should be chosen taking into account the maximum dissipation
(Plim) through it during full load operation.
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Principles of operation and application tips
Equation 4
TSM1014
P lim = I lim V sense
Therefore, for most adapter and battery charger applications, a quarter-watt, or half-watt
resistor to make the current sensing function is sufficient.
The current sinking outputs of the two transconductance operational amplifiers are common
(to the output of the IC). This makes an ORing function which ensures that whenever the
current or the voltage reaches too high values, the optocoupler is activated.
The relation between the controlled current and the controlled output voltage can be
described with a square characteristic as shown in the following V/I output power graph.
Figure 4. Output voltage versus output current
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6.3
Compensation
The voltage control transconductance operational amplifier can be fully compensated. Both
its output and negative input are directly accessible for external compensation components.
An example of a suitable voltage control compensation network is shown in Figure 3 on
page 3. It consists of a capacitor Cvc1 = 2.2 nF and a resistor Rcv1 = 22 K in series.
The current control transconductance operational amplifier can be fully compensated. Both
of its output and negative input are directly accessible for external compensation
components.
An example of a suitable current control compensation network is also shown in Figure 3.
It consists of a capacitor Cic1 = 2.2 nF and a resistor Ric1 = 22 K in series.
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TSM1014
6.4
Principles of operation and application tips
Start-up and short-circuit conditions
Under start-up or short-circuit conditions the TSM1014 is not provided with a high enough
supply voltage. This is due to the fact that the chip has its power supply line in common with
the power supply line of the system.
Therefore, the current limitation can only be ensured by the primary PWM module, which
should be chosen accordingly.
If the primary current limitation is considered not to be precise enough for the application,
then a sufficient supply for the TSM1014 has to be ensured under all conditions. For this, it
would be necessary to add some circuitry to supply the chip with a separate power line. This
can be achieved in a number of ways, including putting an additional winding on the
transformer.
6.5
Voltage clamp
Figure 6 shows how to realize a low-cost power supply for the TSM1014 (with no additional
windings). Please pay attention to the fact that in the particular case presented here, this
low-cost power supply can reach voltages as high as twice the voltage of the regulated line.
Since the absolute maximum rating of the TSM1014 supply voltage is 28 V. In the aim to
protect the TSM1014 against such high voltage values an internal Zener clamp is integrated
(see Figure 5).
Equation 5
R limit = VCC – V z I vz
Figure 5. Clamp voltage
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Principles of operation and application tips
TSM1014
Figure 6. Voltage controller and overcurrent detection schematic
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TSM1014
7
Package information
Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
7.1
SO-8 package information
Figure 7. SO-8 package outline
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Package information
TSM1014
Table 6. SO-8 package mechanical data
Dimensions (mm)
Symbol
Min.
Typ.
A
Max.
1.75
A1
0.10
A2
1.25
b
0.28
0.48
c
0.17
0.23
(1)
4.80
4.90
5.00
E
5.80
6.00
6.20
E1(2)
3.80
3.90
4.00
D
e
0.25
1.27
h
0.25
0.50
L
0.40
1.27
L1
k
1.04
0°
ccc
8°
0.10
1. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs
shall not exceed 0.15 mm in total (both sides).
2. Dimension “E1” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash or protrusions shall not
exceed 0.25 mm per side.
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TSM1014
8
Revision history
Revision history
Table 7. Document revision history
Date
Revision
Changes
01 -Jul-2004
1
Initial release.
03-Mar-2016
2
Removed Mini SO8 package from the whole document.
Minor modifications throughout document.
15-Apr-2016
3
Updated Section 7: Package information on page 11
(replaced Figure 7 on page 11 by new figure, updated
Table 6 on page 12).
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TSM1014
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