ZL30407QCG1

ZL30407 SONET/SDH Network Element PLL Data Sheet Features November 2006 • Meets requirements of GR-253 for SONET Stratum 3 and SONET Minimum Clocks (SMC) • Meets requirements of GR-1244 for Stratum 3 • Meets requirements of G.813 Option 1 and 2 for SDH Equipment Clocks (SEC) • Generates clocks for ST-BUS, DS1, DS2, DS3, OC-3, E1, E3, STM-1 and 19.44 MHz • Holdover accuracy of 4x10 -12 meets GR-1244 Stratum 3E and ITU-T G.812 requirements • Ordering Information ZL30407QCC ZL30407QCG1 *Pb Free Matte Tin -40°C to +85°C Applications Continuously monitors both references for frequency accuracy exceeding ±12 ppm • Provides “hit-less” reference switching • Compensates for Master Clock Oscillator accuracy • Automatically detects frequency of both reference clocks and synchronizes to any combination of 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz reference frequencies • Allows Hardware or Microprocessor control • Pin compatible with ZL30410, ZL30402 and MT90401 VDD GND PRI PRIOR Primary Acquisition PLL SEC • Synchronization for SDH and SONET Network Elements • Clock generation for ST-BUS and GCI backplanes Description The ZL30407 is a Network Element Phase-Locked Loop designed to synchronize SDH and SONET systems. In addition, it generates multiple clocks for legacy PDH equipment and provides timing for STBUS and GCI backplanes. C20i FCS OE Master Clock Frequency Calibration APLL Core PLL MUX SECOR 80 Pin LQFP Trays 80 Pin LQFP* Trays, Bake & Drypack Clock Synthesizer Secondary Acquisition PLL E3DS3/OC3 E3/DS3 RefSel HW Microport Control State Machine RESET CS DS R/W A0-A6 D0-D7 C155P/N C34/C44 C19o C16o C8o C6o C4o C2o C1.5o F16o F8o F0o MS1 MS2 JTAG IEEE 1149.1a RefAlign LOCK HOLDOVER Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram 1 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Zarlink, ZL and the Zarlink Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Copyright 2003-2006, Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. All Rights Reserved. Tclk Tdi Tdo Tms Trst R1-17 ZL30407 Data Sheet The ZL30407 operates in NORMAL (LOCKED), HOLDOVER and FREE-RUN modes to ensure that in the presence of jitter, wander and interruptions to the reference signals, the generated clocks meet international standards. The filtering characteristics of the PLL are hardware or software selectable and they do not require any external adjustable components. The ZL30407 uses an external 20 MHz Master Clock Oscillator to provide a stable timing source for the HOLDOVER operation. The ZL30407 operates from a single 3.3 V power supply and offers a 5 V tolerant microprocessor interface. 2 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Table of Contents 1.0 Change Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.0 ZL30407 Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Pin Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.0 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1 Acquisition PLLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Core PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2.1 Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.2 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.3 Phase Slope Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.4 Lock Indicator (LOCK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.5 Reference Alignment (RefAlign). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.5.1 Using RefAlign with 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz or 19.44 MHz Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.5.2 Using RefAlign with an 8 kHz Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3 Clock Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.1 Output Clocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.2 Output Clocks Phase Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4 Control State Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4.1 Clock Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4.2 ZL30407 State Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4.2.1 Reset State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.2.2 Free-Run State (Free-Run mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.2.3 Normal State (Normal Mode or Locked Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.2.4 Holdover State (Holdover Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.2.5 Auto Holdover State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.3 State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.5 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.6 Microprocessor Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.7 JTAG Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.0 Hardware and Software Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.1 Hardware Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.1 Control Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.2 Status Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.2 Software Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.2.1 Control Bits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.2.2 ZL30407 Register Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.0 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.1 ZL30407 Mode Switching - Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.1.1 System Start-up Sequence: FREE-RUN --> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.1.2 Single Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER --> NORMAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1.3 Single 8 kHz Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER--> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL 36 5.1.4 Dual Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER--> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL. . . . . 37 5.2 Master/Slave Timing Protection Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.3 Programming Master Clock Oscillator Frequency Calibration Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.4 Power supply filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.0 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 6.1 AC and DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 6.2 Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet List of Figures Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 2 - Pin Connections for 80-pin LQFP package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 3 - Core PLL Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Figure 4 - C34/C44, C155o Clock Generation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 5 - ZL30407 State Machine in Software Control configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 6 - ZL30407 State Machine in Hardware Control configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Figure 7 - Hardware and Software Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 8 - Primary and Secondary Reference Out of Range Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 9 - Transition From Free-run to Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Figure 10 - Automatic Entry into Auto Holdover State and Recovery into Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Figure 11 - Recovery Procedure From a Single 8 kHz Reference Failure by Transitioning Through the Holdover State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figure 12 - Entry into Auto Holdover State and Recovery into Normal Mode by Switching References . . . . . . . . 37 Figure 13 - Manual Reference Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Figure 14 - Block Diagram of the Master/Slave Timing Protection Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Figure 15 - Power Supply Filtering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 16 - Timing Parameters Measurement Voltage Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 17 - Microport Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Figure 18 - ST-BUS and GCI Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 19 - DS1 and DS2 Clock Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Figure 20 - C155o and C19o Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Figure 21 - Input Reference to Output Clock Phase Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Figure 22 - Input Control Signal Setup and Hold Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 23 - E3 and DS3 Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet List of Tables Table 1 - Loop Filter Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Table 2 - Operating Modes and States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Table 3 - Filter Characteristic Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table 4 - Reference Source Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table 5 - ZL30407 Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 6 - Control Register 1 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Table 7 - Status Register 1 (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Table 8 - Control Register 2 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Table 9 - Phase Offset Register 2 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 10 - Phase Offset Register 1 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 11 - Device ID Register (R). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 12 - Control Register 3 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Table 13 - Clock Disable Register 1 (R/W). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Table 14 - Clock Disable Register 2 (R/W). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table 15 - Core PLL Control Register (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table 16 - Fine Phase Offset Register (R/W). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Table 17 - Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Table 18 - Secondary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 19 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 4 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 20 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 3 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 21 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 2 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 22 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 1 (R/W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 1.0 Data Sheet Change Summary Changes from March 2006 Issue to November 2006 Issue. Page, section, figure and table numbers refer to this current issue. Page Item Change 47 Figure 21 Adjusted drawing. Changes from November 2004 Issue to March 2006 Issue. Page, section, figure and table numbers refer to this current issue. Page Item Change Updated Ordering Information ZL30407 Pinout 2.1 Pin Connections IC DS NC LOCK NC HOLDOVER VDD C34/C44 GND C20i NC VDD RefAlign RefSel C19o GND IC C6o C1.5o PRIOR 2.0 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 62 42 40 38 64 36 66 34 68 32 70 ZL30407 30 72 28 74 26 76 24 78 22 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 NC NC Tdi Trst Tclk Tms Tdo NC GND C155P C155N VDD AVDD GND IC GND PRI SEC E3/DS3 E3DS3/OC3 MS1 MS2 F8o 80 IC A1 A2 A3 A4 GND A5 A6 FCS VDD GND F16o C16o C8o C4o C2o F0o SECOR OE CS RESET HW D0 D1 D2 D3 GND IC IC VDD D4 D5 D6 D7 R/W A0 IC Figure 2 - Pin Connections for 80-pin LQFP package 6 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Pin Description Pin # Name Description 1 IC 2-5 A1-A4 Address 1 to 4 (5 V tolerant input). Address inputs for the parallel processor interface. Connect to ground in Hardware Control. 6 GND Ground. Negative power supply. 7-8 A5-A6 Address 5 to 6 (5 V tolerant input). Address inputs for the parallel processor interface. Connect to ground in Hardware Control. 9 FCS Filter Characteristic Select (Input). In Hardware Control, FCS selects the filtering characteristics of the ZL30407. Set this pin high to have a loop filter corner frequency of 0.1 Hz and limit the phase slope to 885 ns/sec. Set this pin low to have corner frequency of 1.5 Hz and limit the phase slope to 41 ns per 1.326 ms. Connect to ground in Software Control. This pin is internally pulled down to GND. 10 VDD Positive Power Supply 11 GND Ground 12 F16o Frame Pulse ST-BUS 8.192 Mbps (CMOS tristate output). This is an 8 kHz, 61 ns wide, active low framing pulse, which marks beginning of a ST-BUS frame. This frame pulse is typically used for ST-BUS operation at 8.192 Mbps. 13 C16o Clock 16.384 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This clock is used for ST-BUS operation at 8.192 Mbps. 14 C8o Clock 8.192 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This clock is used for ST-BUS operation at 8.192 Mbps. 15 C4o Clock 4.096 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This clock is used for ST-BUS operation at 2.048 Mbps. 16 C2o Clock 2.048 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This clock is used for ST-BUS operation at 2.048 Mbps. 17 F0o Frame Pulse ST-BUS 2.048 Mbps (CMOS tristate output). This is an 8 kHz, 244 ns, active low framing pulse, which marks the beginning of a ST-BUS frame. This is typically used for ST-BUS operation at 2.048 Mbps and 4.096 Mbps. 18 MS1 Mode Select 1 (Input). The MS1 and MS2 pins select the ZL30407 mode of operation (Normal, Holdover or Free-run), see Table 2 on page 22 for details. The logic level at this input is sampled by the rising edge of the F8o frame pulse. Connect to ground in Software Control. 19 MS2 Mode Select 2 (Input). The MS2 and MS1 pins select the ZL30407 mode of operation (Normal, Holdover or Free-run), see Table 2 on page 22 for details. The logic level at this input is sampled by the rising edge of the F8o frame pulse. Connect to ground in Software Control. Internal Connection. Leave unconnected. 7 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Pin Description (continued) Pin # Name Description 20 F8o Frame Pulse ST-BUS/GCI 8.192 Mbps (CMOS tristate output). This is an 8 kHz, 122 ns, active high framing pulse, which marks the beginning of a ST-BUS/GCI frame. This is typically used for ST-BUS/GCI operation at 8.192 Mbps. See Figure 18 for details. 21 E3DS3/OC3 E3DS3 or OC3 Selection (Input). In Hardware Control, a logic low on this pin enables the C155P/N outputs (pin 30 and pin 31) and sets the C34/C44 output (pin 53) to provide C8 or C11 clocks. Logic high at this input disables the C155 clock outputs (high impedance) and sets C34/C44 output to provide C34 and C44 clocks. In Software Control connect this pin to ground. 22 E3/DS3 E3 or DS3 Selection (Input). In Hardware Control, when the E3DS3/OC3 pin is set high, logic low on E3/DS3 pin selects a 44.736 MHz clock on C34/C44 output and logic high selects 34.368 MHz clock. When E3DS3/OC3 pin is set low, logic low on E3/DS3 pin selects 11.184 MHz clock on C34/C44 output and logic high selects 8.592 MHz clock. Connect this input to ground in Software Control. 23 SEC Secondary Reference (Input). This input is used as a secondary reference source for synchronization. The ZL30407 can synchronize to the falling edge of the 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz clocks and the rising edge of the 19.44 MHz clock. In Hardware Control, selection of the input reference is based upon the RefSel control input. This pin is internally pulled up to VDD. 24 PRI Primary Reference (Input). This input is used as a primary reference source for synchronization. The ZL30407 can synchronize to the falling edge of the 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz clocks and the rising edge of the 19.44 MHz clock. In Hardware Control, selection of the input reference is based upon the RefSel control input. This pin is internally pulled up to VDD. 25 GND Ground 26 IC 27 GND Ground 28 AVDD Positive Analog Power Supply. Connect this pin to VDD. 29 VDD 30 31 C155N C155P 32 GND 33 NC Internal Connection. Leave unconnected. Positive Power Supply Clock 155.52 MHz (LVDS output). Differential outputs for the 155.52 MHz clock. These outputs are enabled by applying logic low to E3DS3/OC3 input or they can be disabled by applying logic high. In the disabled state the LVDS outputs are internally terminated with an integrated 100Ω resistor (two 50Ω resistors connected in series). The middle point of these resistors is internally biased from a 1.25 V LVDS bias source. Ground No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. 8 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Pin Description (continued) Pin # Name Description 34 Tdo IEEE1149.1a Test Data Output (CMOS output). JTAG serial data is output on this pin on the falling edge of Tclk clock. If not used, this pin should be left unconnected. 35 Tms IEEE1149.1a Test Mode Selection (3.3 V input). JTAG signal that controls the state transition on the TAP controller. This pin is internally pulled up to VDD. If not used, this pin should be left unconnected. 36 Tclk IEEE1149.1a Test Clock Signal (5 V tolerant input). Input clock for the JTAG test logic. If not used, this pin should be pulled up to VDD. 37 Trst IEEE1149.1a Reset Signal (3.3 V input). Asynchronous reset for the JTAG TAP controller. This pin should be pulsed low on power-up to ensure that the device is in the normal functional state. This pin is internally pulled up to VDD. If this pin is not used then it should be connected to GND. 38 Tdi IEEE1149.1a Test Data Input (3.3 V input). Input for JTAG serial test instructions and data. This pin is internally pulled up to VDD. If not used, this pin should be left unconnected. 39 NC No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. 40 NC No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. 41 PRIOR Primary Reference Out of Range (Output). Logic high at this pin indicates that the Primary Reference is off the PLL centre frequency by more than ±12ppm. These thresholds support Stratum 3 applications. See PRIOR bit description in Status Register 1 for details. 42 C1.5o Clock 1.544 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This output provides a 1.544 MHz DS1 rate clock. 43 C6o Clock 6.312 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This output provides a 6.312 MHz DS2 rate clock. 44 IC 45 GND Ground 46 C19o Clock 19.44 MHz (CMOS tristate output). This output provides a 19.44 MHz clock. 47 RefSel Reference Source Select (Input). A logic low selects the PRI (primary) reference source as the input reference signal and logic high selects the SEC (secondary) input. The logic level at this input is sampled at the rising edge of F8o. This pin is internally pulled down to GND. 48 RefAlign Internal Connection. Connect this pin to Ground. Reference Alignment (Input). In Hardware Control pulling this pin low for 250 µs initiates phase realignment between the input reference and the generated output clocks. This pin should never be tied low permanently. Please see Section 3.2.5, Reference Alignment (RefAlign) for more information. Internally this pin is pulled down to GND. 9 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Pin Description (continued) Pin # Name Description 49 VDD 50 NC 51 C20i Clock 20 MHz (5 V tolerant input). This pin is the input for the 20 MHz Master Clock Oscillator. The clock oscillator should be connected directly (not AC coupled) to the C20i input and it must supply clock with duty cycle that is not worse than 40/60%. 52 GND Ground 53 C34/C44 54 VDD 55 HOLDOVER 56 NC 57 LOCK 58 NC No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. 59 DS Data Strobe (5 V tolerant input). This input is the active low data strobe of the processor interface. 60 IC Internal Connection. Connect to ground. 61 SECOR Secondary Reference Out of Range (Output). Logic high at this pin indicates that the Secondary Reference is off the PLL centre frequency by more than ±12 ppm. These thresholds support Stratum 3 applications. See SECOR bit description in Status Register 1 for details. 62 OE Output Enable (Input). Logic high on this input enables C19, F16, C16, C8, C6, C4, C2, C1.5, F8 and F0 signals. Pulling this input low will force the output clocks pins into a high impedance state. 63 CS Chip Select (5 V tolerant input). This active low input enables the microprocessor interface. When CS is set to high, the microprocessor interface is idle and all Data Bus I/O pins will be in a high impedance state. Positive Power Supply No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. Clock 34.368 MHz / clock 44.736 MHz (CMOS Output). This clock is programmable to be either 34.368 MHz (for E3 applications) or 44.736 MHz (for DS3 applications) when E3DS3/OC3 is high, or to be either 8.592 MHz or 11.184 MHz when E3DS3/OC3 is low. See description of E3DS3/OC3 and E3/DS3 inputs for details. In Software Control the functionality of this output is controlled by Control Register 2 (Table 8 "Control Register 2 (R/W)"). Positive Power Supply Holdover Indicator (CMOS output). Logic high at this output indicates that the device is in Holdover mode. No internal bonding Connection. Leave unconnected. Lock Indicator (CMOS output). Logic high at this output indicates that ZL30407 is locked to the input reference. See LOCK bit description in Status Register 1 and Section 3.2.4, Lock Indicator (LOCK) for details. 10 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Pin Description (continued) Pin # Name Description 64 RESET RESET (5 V tolerant input). The ZL30407 must be reset after power-up in order to set internal registers into a default state. The internal reset is performed by forcing RESET pin low for a minimum of 1 µs after the C20 Master Clock is applied to pin C20i. This operation forces the ZL30407 internal state machine into a RESET state for a duration of 625 µs. 65 HW Hardware/Software Control (Input). If this pin it tied low, the ZL30407 is controlled via the microport. If it is tied high, the ZL30407 is controlled via the control pins MS1, MS2, FCS, RefSel, RefAlign, E3/DS3 and E3DS3/OC3. 66-69 D0 - D3 Data 0 to Data 3 (5 V tolerant three-state I/O). These ports combined with D4 D7 ports form the bi-directional data bus of the microprocessor interface (D0 is the least significant bit). 70 GND 71 IC Internal Connection (Input). Connect this pin to ground. 72 IC Internal Connection (Input). Connect this pin to ground. 73 VDD 74 - 77 D4 - D7 Data 4 to Data 7 (5 V tolerant three-state I/O). These ports combined with D0 D3 ports form the bi-directional data bus of the processor interface (D7 is the most significant bit). 78 R/W Read/Write Strobe (5 V tolerant input). This input controls the direction of the data bus D[0-7] during a microprocessor access. When R/W is high, the parallel processor is reading data from the ZL30407. When low, the parallel processor is writing data to the ZL30407. 79 A0 Address 0 (5 V tolerant input). Address input for the microprocessor interface. A0 is the least significant input. 80 IC Internal Connection (Input). Connect this pin to ground. Ground Positive Power Supply 11 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 3.0 Data Sheet Functional Description The ZL30407 is a Network Element PLL designed to provide timing for SDH and SONET equipment conforming to ITU-T, ANSI, ETSI and Telcordia recommendations. In addition, it generates clocks for legacy PDH equipment operating at DS1, DS2, DS3, E1, and E3 rates. The ZL30407 provides clocks for industry standard ST-BUS and GCI backplanes, and it also supports H.110 timing requirements. The functional block diagram of the ZL30407 is shown in the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 1 and its operation is described in the following sections. 3.1 Acquisition PLLs The ZL30407 has two Acquisition PLLs for monitoring the availability and quality of the Primary (PRI) and Secondary (SEC) reference clocks. Each Acquisition PLL operates independently and locks to the falling edges of one of the three input reference frequencies: 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz or to the rising edges of 19.44 MHz. The reference frequency is continuously measured and its current frequency can be determined from reading the Acquisition PLL Status Register bits InpFreq1 and InpFreq0 (see Table 17 "Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R)" and Table 18 "Secondary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R)"). The Primary and Secondary Acquisition PLLs are designed to provide status information that identifies two levels of reference clock quality. For clarity, only the Primary Acquisition PLL is referenced in the text, but the same applies to the Secondary Acquisition PLL. • Reference frequency drifts more than ±12 ppm. In response, the PRIOR (Primary Reference Out of Range) bit and pin change state to high, in conformance with Stratum 3 requirements defined in GR-1244-CORE. The PRIOR bit is part of Status Register 1 (Table 7 "Status Register 1 (R)"). • Reference frequency drifted more than ±30000 ppm or that the reference has been lost completely. In response, the Primary Acquisition PLL enters its own Holdover mode and indicates this by asserting the HOLDOVER bit in the Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register (Table 17 "Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R)"). Entry into Holdover forces the Core PLL into the Auto Holdover state. Outputs of both Acquisition PLLs are connected to a multiplexer (MUX), which allows selection of the desired reference. This multiplexer channels binary words to the Core PLL digital phase detector (instead of analog signals) which eliminates quantization errors and improves phase alignment accuracy. The bandwidth of the Acquisition PLL is much wider than the bandwidth of the following Core PLL. This feature allows cascading Acquisition and Core PLLs without altering the transfer function of the Core PLL. 3.2 Core PLL The most critical element of the ZL30407 is its Core PLL, which generates a phase-locked clock, filters jitter and wander and suppresses input phase transients. All of these features are in agreement with international standards: • G.813 Option 1 and 2 clocks for SDH equipment • GR-253 for SONET Stratum 3 and SONET Minimum Clocks (SMC) • GR-1244 for Stratum 3 Clock The Core PLL supports three mandatory modes of operation: Free-run, Normal (Locked) and Holdover. Each of these modes places specific requirements on the building blocks of the Core PLL. • In Free-run Mode, the Core PLL derives its output clock from the 20 MHz Master Clock Oscillator connected to pin C20i. The stability of the generated clocks remain the same as the stability of the Master Clock Oscillator. • In Normal Mode, the Core PLL locks to one of the Acquisition PLLs. Both Acquisition PLLs provide preprocessed phase data to the Core PLL including detection of reference clock quality. • In Holdover mode, the Core PLL generates a clock based on data collected from past reference signals. The Core PLL enters Holdover mode if the attached Acquisition PLL switches into the Holdover state or under external software or hardware control. 12 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Some of the key elements of the Core PLL are shown in Figure 3 "Core PLL Functional Block Diagram". LOCK HOLDOVER FSM RefAlign MUX Phase Detector Filters FCS DCO FCS2 (Control bit only) Figure 3 - Core PLL Functional Block Diagram 3.2.1 Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) The DCO is an arithmetic unit that continuously generates a stream of numbers that represent the phase-locked clock. These numbers are passed to the Clock Synthesizer (see section 3.3) where they are converted into electrical clock signals of various frequencies 3.2.2 Filters In Normal mode, the clock generated by the DCO is phase-locked to the input reference signal and band-limited to meet network synchronization standards. The ZL30407 provides four software programmable (FCS bit in Control Reg 1 and FCS2 bit in Control Reg 3) and two hardware selectable (FCS pin) filtering options. The filtering characteristics are similar to a first order low pass filter with corner frequencies that support international standards: FCS2 (bit) FCS (pin/bit) Filter 0 0 1.5 Hz Meets requirements of G.813 Option 1 and GR-1244 stratum 3 clocks.The maximum phase slope is limited to 41 ns in 1.326 ms. 0 1 0.1 Hz Meets requirements of G.813 Option 2, GR-253 for SONET stratum 3 and GR-253 for SONET Minimum Clocks (SMC).The maximum phase slope is limited to 885 ns in one second. 1 0 12 Hz There is no phase slope limiter active in this application. 1 1 6 Hz Meets requirements of G.813 Option 1 for SDH Equipment Clocks (SEC) and GR-1244 for Stratum 4 and Stratum 4E clocks. The maximum phase slope is limited to 50 ns in 1.326 ms. Conformance Table 1 - Loop Filter Selection 13 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 3.2.3 Data Sheet Phase Slope Limiters Phase slope limiting is achieved by clamping the size of the error term from the phase detector. Limiting the size of the error term means that the output clocks move slowly in phase as the PLL aligns to phase transients on the input reference or transients caused by reference rearrangement. This increases the time required to achieve phase lock, but it is necessary to allow for downstream adjustments and so is called for in network standards such as G.813, GR-1244 and GR-253. Because the ZL30407 nulls out the phase offset between the output clocks and the selected reference upon reference rearrangement or return from holdover, the phase slope limiting feature will generally not come into play. If the pin RefAlign is pulled low to align the equivalent ZL30407 output clock to the selected reference, a large phase error will have to be corrected. In this case phase slope limiting will be active, limiting the output phase slope to 0.727 ppm for the 0.1 Hz filter mode, 31 ppm for the 1.5 Hz and the 6 Hz filter mode. In the 12 Hz mode there is no phase slope limiting. Consequently an output phase slope greater than 31 ppm may occur, for example, in locking to an orthogonal 8 kHz reference. 3.2.4 Lock Indicator (LOCK) The ZL30407 is considered locked (LOCK = 1) when the residual phase movement after declaring locked condition does not exceed standard wander generation MTIE and TDEV tests. The ZL30407’s phase locking mechanism allows it to lock within the specified locking times to references with a fractional frequency offset of up to ±20 ppm. Locking time for different filters and pulling ranges is listed in “Performance Characteristics*” on page 49. 3.2.5 Reference Alignment (RefAlign) When the ZL30407 finishes locking to a reference an arbitrary phase difference will remain between its output clocks and its reference; this phase difference is part of the normal operation of the ZL30407. If so desired, the output clocks can be brought into phase alignment with the PLL reference (see Figure 21 on page 47) by using the RefAlign control bit/pin. 3.2.5.1 Using RefAlign with 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz or 19.44 MHz Reference If the ZL30407 is locked to a 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz or 19.44 MHz reference, then the output clocks can be brought into phase alignment with the PLL reference by using the RefAlign control bit/pin according to one of the procedures below: 1. For 0.1 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 1, FCS2 = 0) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indicator is high, indicating that it is locked Pull FCS low Pull Ref/Align low Hold RefAlign low for 250 µs Pull RefAlign high Wait until the LOCK indicator goes high Pull FCS high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will go low 5 sec after the reference realignment is initiated and will remain low for 10 sec. 14 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet 2. For 1.5 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 0, FCS2 = 0) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indication is high, indicating that it is locked Pull RefAlign low Hold RefAlign low for 250 µs Pull RefAlign high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will go low 5 sec after the reference realignment is initiated and will remain low for 10 sec 3. For 6 Hz and 12 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 1, FCS2 = 1 or FCS = 0, FCS2 = 1) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indication is high, indicating that it is locked Pull RefAlign low Hold RefAlign low for 250 µs Pull RefAlign high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200 ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will remain high during the realignment process. 3.2.5.2 Using RefAlign with an 8 kHz Reference If the ZL30407 is locked to an 8 kHz reference, then the output clocks can be brought into phase alignment with the PLL reference by using the RefAlign control bit/pin according to one of the procedures below: 1. For 0.1 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 1, FCS2 = 0) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indicator is high, indicating that it is locked Pull FCS low Pull Ref/Align low Hold RefAlign low for 10 sec Pull RefAlign high Wait until the LOCK indicator goes high Pull FCS high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will go low 5 sec after the reference realignment is initiated and will remain low for 10 sec. 2. For 1.5 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 0, FCS2 = 0) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indication is high, indicating that it is locked Pull RefAlign low Hold RefAlign low for 10 sec Pull RefAlign high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will go low 5 sec after the reference realignment is initiated and will remain low for 10 sec. 15 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet 3. For 6 Hz and 12 Hz filtering applications (FCS = 1, FCS2 = 1 or FCS = 0, FCS2 = 1) - Wait until the ZL30407 LOCK indication is high, indicating that it is locked Pull RefAlign low Hold RefAlign low for 3 sec Pull RefAlign high After initiating a reference realignment the PLL will enter Holdover mode for 200ns while aligning the internal clocks to remove the static phase error. The PLL will then begin the normal locking procedure. The LOCK pin will remain high during the realignment process. 3.3 Clock Synthesizer The output of the Core PLL is connected to the Clock Synthesizer that generates twelve clocks and three frame pulses. 3.3.1 Output Clocks The ZL30407 provides the following clocks (see Figure 18 "ST-BUS and GCI Output Timing", Figure 19 "DS1 and DS2 Clock Timing", Figure 20 "C155o and C19o Timing", and Figure 23 "E3 and DS3 Output Timing" for details): - C1.5o C2o C4o C6o C8o C8.5o C11o C16o C19o C34o C44o C155 : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.544 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 2.048 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 4.096 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 6.312 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 8.192 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 8.592 MHz clock with duty cycle from 30 to 70%. 11.184 MHz clock with duty cycle from 30 to 70%. 16.384 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 19.44 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 34.368 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 44.736 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle 155.52 MHz clock with nominal 50% duty cycle. The ZL30407 provides the following frame pulses (see Figure 18 "ST-BUS and GCI Output Timing" for details). All frame pulses have the same 125 µs period (8kHz frequency): - F0o : 244 ns wide, logic low frame pulse F8o : 122 ns wide, logic high frame pulse F16o : 61 ns wide, logic low frame pulse The combination of two pins, E3DS3/OC3 and E3/DS3, controls the selection of different clock configurations. When the E3DS3/OC3 pin is high then the C155o (155.52 MHz) clock is disabled and the C34/44 clock is output at its nominal frequency. The logic level on the E3/DS3 input determines if the output clock on the C34/44 output is 34.368 MHz (E3) or 44.736 MHz (DS3) (see Figure 4, “C34/C44, C155o Clock Generation Options,” on page 17 for details). 16 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. E3/DS3 ZL30407 Data Sheet C34/44 Output C155 Output E3DS3/OC3 E3DS3/OC3 0 1 0 11.184 44.736 1 8.592 34.368 0 155.52 active 1 disabled Figure 4 - C34/C44, C155o Clock Generation Options All clocks and frame pulses (except the C155) are output with CMOS logic levels. The C155 clock (155.52 MHz) is output in a standard LVDS format. 3.3.2 Output Clocks Phase Adjustment The ZL30407 provides three control registers dedicated to programming the output clock phase offset. Clocks C16o, C8o, C4o and C2o and frame pulses F16o, F8o, F0o are derived from 16.384 MHz and can be jointly shifted with respect to an active reference clock by up to 125 µs with a step size of 61 ns. The required phase shift of clocks is programmable by writing to the Phase Offset Register 2 ("Table 9") and to the Phase Offset Register 1 ("Table 10"). The C1.5o clock can be shifted as well in step sizes of 81 ns by programming C1.5POA bits in Control Register 3 ("Table 12"). The coarse phase adjustment is augmented with a very fine phase offset control on the order of 477 ps per step. This fine adjustment is programmable by writing to the Fine Phase Offset Register (Table 16 "Fine Phase Offset Register (R/W)"). The offset moves all clocks and frame pulses generated by ZL30407 including the C155 clock. 3.4 3.4.1 Control State Machine Clock Modes Any Network Element that operates in a synchronous network must support three Clock Modes: Free-run, Normal (Locked) and Holdover. A network clock will usually operate in Normal mode. The Holdover and Free-run modes are used to cope with impairments in the synchronization hierarchy. Requirements for Clock Modes are defined in the international standards e.g.: G.813, GR-1244-CORE and GR-253-CORE and they are enforced by network operators. The ZL30407 supports all clock modes and each of these modes have a corresponding state in the Control State Machine. 3.4.2 ZL30407 State Machine The ZL30407 Control State Machine is a combination of many internal states supporting the three mandatory clock modes. A simplified version of this state machine is shown in Figure 5; it includes the mandatory states: Free-run, Normal and Holdover. These three states are complemented by two additional states: Reset and Auto Holdover, which are critical to the ZL30407 operation under changing external conditions. 17 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change Data Sheet Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 1 {MANUAL} NORMAL OR 00 Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 RESET = 1 FREERUN 10 RESET HOLDOVER 01 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 0 {AUTO} AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Notes: STATE MS2,MS1 {AUTO} - Automatic internal transition {MANUAL} - User initiated transition --> - External transition Figure 5 - ZL30407 State Machine in Software Control configuration 3.4.2.1 Reset State The Reset State must be entered when ZL30407 is powered-up. In this state, all arithmetic calculations are halted, clocks are stopped, the microprocessor port is disabled and all internal registers are reset to their default values. The Reset state is entered by pulling the RESET pin low for a minimum of µ1 s. When the RESET pin is pulled back high, internal logic starts a 625 µs initialization process before switching into the Free-run state (MS2, MS1 = 10). 3.4.2.2 Free-Run State (Free-Run mode) The Free-run state is entered when synchronization to the network is not required or is not possible. Typically this occurs during installation, repairs or when a Network Element operates as a master node in an isolated network. In the Free-run state, the accuracy of the generated clocks is determined by the accuracy and stability of the ZL30407 Master Crystal Oscillator. When equipment is installed for the first time (or periodically maintained) the accuracy of the Free-run clocks can be adjusted to within 1x10-12 by setting the offset frequency in the Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register. 3.4.2.3 Normal State (Normal Mode or Locked Mode) The Normal State is entered when a good quality reference clock from the network is available for synchronization. The ZL30407 automatically detects the frequency of the reference clock (8 kHz, 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz or 19.44 MHz) and sets the LOCK status bit and pin high after acquiring synchronization. In the Normal state all generated clocks (C1.5o, C2o, C4o, C6o, C8o, C16o, C19o, C34/C44 and C155) and frame pulses (F0o, F8o, F16o) are derived from network timing. To guarantee uninterrupted synchronization, the ZL30407 has two Acquisition PLLs that continuously monitor the quality of the incoming reference clocks. This dual architecture enables quick replacement of a poor or failed reference and minimizes the time spent in other states. 18 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 3.4.2.4 Data Sheet Holdover State (Holdover Mode) The Holdover State is typically entered for short durations while network synchronization is temporarily disrupted. In Holdover Mode, the ZL30407 generates clocks, which are not locked to an external reference signal but their frequencies are based on stored coefficients in memory that were determined while the PLL was in Normal Mode and locked to an external reference signal. The initial frequency offset of the ZL30407 in Holdover Mode is 4x10-12 (see table Performance Characteristics* on page 49 for details). This is more accurate than Telcordia’s GR-1244-CORE Stratum 3E requirement of +1x10-9. Once the ZL30407 has transitioned into Holdover Mode, holdover stability is determined by the stability of the 20 MHz Master Clock Oscillator. Selection of the oscillator requires close examination of the crystal oscillator temperature sensitivity and frequency drift caused by aging. 3.4.2.5 Auto Holdover State The Auto Holdover state is a transitional state that the ZL30407 enters automatically when the active reference fails unexpectedly. When the ZL30407 detects loss of reference it sets the HOLDOVER status bit and waits in Auto Holdover state until the failed reference recovers. Recovery from Auto Holdover for 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz reference clocks is fully automatic, however recovery for an 8 kHz reference clock requires additional transitioning through the Holdover state to guarantee compliance with network synchronization standards (for details see Section 5.1.3 on page 36 and Section 5.1.2 on page 35). The HOLDOVER status may alert the control processor about the failure and in response the control processor may switch to the secondary reference clock. The Auto Holdover and Holdover States are internally combined together and they are output as a HOLDOVER status on pin 55 and bit 4 in Status Register 1 (Table 7 on page 26). In less demanding clocking arrangements (e.g. Line Cards), the ZL30407 can be configured to operate in the Hardware Control mode which does not require a microprocessor. Under the Hardware Control mode the ZL30407 maintains most of its State Machine functionality as is shown in Figure 6. MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 FREERUN 10 NORMAL 00 HOLDOVER 01 Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND {AUTO} Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 6 - ZL30407 State Machine in Hardware Control configuration 19 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 3.4.3 Data Sheet State Transitions In a typical Network Element application, the ZL30407 will most of the time operate in Normal mode (MS2, MS1 == 00) generating synchronous clocks. Its two Acquisition PLLs will continuously monitor the input references for signs of degraded quality and output status information for further processing. The status information from the Acquisition PLLs and the CORE PLL combined with status information from line interfaces and framers (as listed below) forms the basis for creating reliable network synchronization. • Acquisition PLLs (PRIOR, SECOR, PAH, PAFL, SAH, SAFL) • Core PLL (LOCK, HOLDOVER, FLIM) • Line interfaces (e.g. LOS - Loss of Signal, AIS - Alarm Indication Signal) • Framers (e.g. LOF - Loss of frame or Synchronization Status Messages carried over SONET S1 byte or ESF-DS1 Facility Data Link). The ZL30407 State Machine is designed to perform some transitions automatically, leaving other less time dependent tasks to the control processor. The state machine includes two stimulus signals which are critical to automatic operation: “OK --> FAIL” and “FAIL --> OK” that represent loss (and recovery) of reference signal or its drift by more than ±30000 ppm. Both of them force the Core PLL to transition into and out of the Auto Holdover state. In case when the reference clock on the PRI (or SEC) input is externally selected from multiple clock sources with different frequencies then the Acquisition PLL will automatically detect this change as a reference clock failure. In response, the Acquisition PLL will force Core PLL into Auto-Holdover state until the frequency of a new reference is determined. This process may take up to 35 ms after which a normal locking procedure will be initiated. The ZL30407 State Machine is controlled by the mode select pins or bits MS2, MS1. In order to avoid network synchronization problems, the State Machine has built-in basic protection that does not allow switching the Core PLL into a state where it cannot operate correctly e.g., it is not possible to force the Core PLL into Normal mode when all references are lost. 3.5 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Circuit In an ordinary timing generation module, the Free-run mode accuracy of generated clocks is determined by the accuracy of the Master Crystal Oscillator. If the Master Crystal Oscillator has a manufacturing tolerance of ±4.6 ppm, the generated clocks will have no better accuracy. The ZL30407 eliminates Crystal Oscillator tolerance problem by providing a programmable Master Clock Frequency Calibration circuit, which can reduce oscillator manufacturing tolerance to near zero. However this feature does not eliminate oscillator frequency drift. The value stored in the Master Clock Calibration Register can be periodically updated to compensate for oscillator frequency drift due to ageing or due to temperature effects. The compensation value for the Master Clock Calibration Register (MCFC3 to MCFC0) can be calculated from the following equation: MCFC = 45036 * (-foffset) where: foffset = fm - 20 000 000 Hz The fm frequency should only be measured after the Master Crystal Oscillator has been mounted inside a system and powered long enough for the Master Crystal Oscillator to reach a steady operating temperature. Section 5.3 on page 40 provides two examples of how to calculate an offset frequency and convert the decimal value to a binary format. The maximum frequency compensation range of the MCFC register is equal to ± 2384 ppm (±47680 Hz). Changes to the Master Clock Calibration Register cause immediate changes in the frequency of the output clocks. Care should be taken to ensure that changes to the Master Clock Calibration Register are made in small increments so the frequency steps can be tolerated by downstream equipment. A rate of frequency change below 2.9 ppm/sec is suggested. All memory in the ZL30407 is volatile; so any settings of the Master Clock Calibration Register need to be reloaded after each RESET. 20 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 3.6 Data Sheet Microprocessor Interface The ZL30407 can be controlled by a microprocessor or by an ASIC type of device that is connected directly to the hardware control pins. If the HW pin is tied low (see Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options"), an 8-bit Motorola type microprocessor may be used to control PLL operation and check its status. Under software control, the control pins MS2, MS1, FCS, RefSel, RefAlign are disabled and they are replaced by the equivalent control bits. The output pins LOCK, HOLDOVER, PRIOR and SECOR are always active and they provide current status information whether the device is in microprocessor or hardware control. Software (microprocessor) control provides additional functionality that is not available in hardware control such as: • 6 Hz and 12 Hz PLL loop filter selection • output clock phase adjustment • master clock frequency calibration • extended access to status registers.These registers are also accessible when the ZL30407 operates under Hardware control. 3.7 JTAG Interface The ZL30407 JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) interface conforms to the Boundary-Scan standard IEEE1149.1-1990, which specifies a design-for-testability technique called Boundary-Scan Test (BST). The BST architecture is made up of four basic elements, Test Access Port (TAP), TAP Controller, Instruction Register (IR) and Test Data Registers (TDR) and all these elements are implemented on the ZL30407. Zarlink Semiconductor provides a Boundary Scan Description Language (BSDL) file that contains all the information required for a JTAG test system to access the ZL30407's boundary scan circuitry. The file is available for download from the Zarlink Semiconductor web site: www.zarlink.com. 4.0 Hardware and Software Control The ZL30407 offers Hardware and Software Control options that simplify the design of basic or complex clock synchronization modules. Hardware control offers fewer features but still allows for building of sophisticated timing cards without extensive programming. The complete set of control and status functions for each mode are shown in Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options". 21 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Software Control Hardware Control HW = 1 HW = 0 Pins MS2 MS1 C O N T R O L MS2 MS1 FCS RefSel RefAlign FCS FCS2 RefSel RefAlign AHRD Processor Interface C O N T R O L MHR LOCK HOLDOVER PRIOR LOCK S T A T U S HOLDOVER PRIOR SECOR SECOR FLIM PAH PAFL SAH S T A T U S SAFL Figure 7 - Hardware and Software Control Options 4.1 Hardware Control The Hardware control is a subset of software control and it will only be briefly described with cross-referencing to Software control programmable registers. 4.1.1 Control Pins The ZL30407 has five dedicated control pins for selecting modes of operation and activating different functions. These pins are listed below: MS2 and MS1 pins: Mode Select: The MS2 (pin 19) and MS1 (pin 18) inputs select the PLL mode of operation. See Table 2 for details. The logic level at these inputs is sampled by the rising edge of the F8o frame pulse. MS2 MS1 Mode of Operation 0 0 Normal mode 0 1 Holdover mode 1 0 Free-run 1 1 Reserved Table 2 - Operating Modes and States 22 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet FCS pin: Filter Characteristic Select. The FCS (pin 9) input is used to select the filtering characteristics of the Core PLL. See Table 1, “Loop Filter Selection” on page 13 for details. FCS Filtering Characteristic 0 Filter corner frequency set to 1.5 Hz 1 Filter corner frequency set to 0.1 Hz Table 3 - Filter Characteristic Selection RefSel: Reference Source Select. The RefSel (pin 47) input selects the PRI (primary) or SEC (secondary) input as the reference clock for the Core PLL. The logic level at this input is sampled by the rising edge of F8o. RefSel Input Reference 0 Core PLL connected to the Primary Acquisition PLL 1 Core PLL connected to the Secondary Acquisition PLL Table 4 - Reference Source Select RefAlign: Reference Alignment. The RefAlign (pin 48) input controls phase realignment between the input reference and the generated output clocks. 4.1.2 Status Pins The ZL30407 has four dedicated status pins for indicating modes of operation and quality of the Primary and Secondary reference clocks. These pins are listed below: LOCK - This output goes high after the ZL30407 has completed its locking sequence (see section 2.2.3 for details). HOLDOVER - This output goes high when the Core PLL enters Holdover mode. The Core PLL will switch to Holdover mode if the respective Acquisition PLL enters Holdover mode or if the mode select pins or bits are set to Holdover (MS2, MS1 = 01). PRIOR - This output goes high when the primary reference frequency deviates from the PLL center frequency by more than ±12 ppm. See PRIOR pin description for details. SECOR - This output goes high when the secondary reference frequency deviates from the PLL center frequency by more than ±12 ppm. See SECOR pin description for details. 4.2 Software Control Software control is enabled by setting the HW pin to logic zero (HW = 0). In this mode all hardware control pins (inputs) are disabled and all status pins remain enabled. The ZL30407 has a number of registers that provide all the functionality available in Hardware control and in addition they offer advanced control and monitoring that is only available in Software control (see Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options"). 4.2.1 Control Bits The ZL30407 has a number of registers that provide greater operational flexibility than available pins in Hardware control (see Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options"). The MS2, MS1, FCS2, FCS, RefSel and RefAlign bits perform the same function as the corresponding pins. Two additional bits AHRD and MHR support recovery from Auto Holdover mode and they are described in section 3.2.4. 23 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet In addition to the Control bits shown in Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options", the ZL30407 has a number of bits and registers that are accessed infrequently e.g., 6 Hz and 12 Hz PLL loop filter selection, Phase Offset Adjustment or Master Clock Frequency Calibration. These additional control options add flexibility to the ZL30407. The ZL30407 has a number of status bits that provide more comprehensive monitoring of the internal operation than is available in Hardware control (see Figure 7 "Hardware and Software Control Options"). The HOLDOVER, PRIOR and SECOR bits perform the same function as their equivalent status pins. The function of the LOCK status bit is not identical to the function of the LOCK status pin, see the description of the LOCK status bit and the FLIM status bit for details. The FLIM bit indicates that the output frequency of the Core PLL has reached its upper or lower limit. The PAH and SAH status bit show entry of the Primary and Secondary acquisition PLLs into Holdover mode. See section 3.2.4 for detailed description of the status bits. Under software control, the status pins are always enabled and they can be used to trigger hardware interrupts. 4.2.2 ZL30407 Register Map Addresses: 00H to 6FH Address hex Read Write Register Function 00 Control Register 1 R/W 01 Status Register 1 R RefSel, 0, 0, MS2, MS1, FCS, 0, RefAlign 04 Control Register 2 R/W E3DS3/OC3, E3/DS3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 06 Phase Offset Register 2 R/W 0, 0, 0, 0, OffEn, C16POA10, C16POA9, C16POA8 07 Phase Offset Register 1 R/W C16POA7, C16POA6, C16POA5, C16POA4, C16POA3, C16POA2, C16POA1, C16POA0 0F Device ID Register R 11 Control Register 3 R/W rsv, rsv, C1.5POA2, C1.5POA1, C1.5POA0, 0, 0, FCS2 13 Clock Disable Register 1 R/W 0, 0, C16dis, C8dis, C4dis, C2dis, C1.5dis,0 14 Clock Disable Register 2 R/W 0, 0, 0, F8odis, F0odis, F16odis, C6dis, C19dis 19 Core PLL Control Register R/W 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, MHR, AHRD, 0 1A Fine Phase Offset Register R/W FPOA7, FPOA6, FPOA5, FPOA4, FPOA3, FPOA2, FPOA1, FPOA0 20 Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register R rsv, rsv, rsv, InpFreq1, InpFreq0, rsv, PAH,PAFL 28 Secondary Acquisition PLL Status Register R rsv, rsv, rsv, InpFreq1, InpFreq0, rsv, SAH, SAFL 40 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register - Byte 4 R/W MCFC31, MCFC30, MCFC29, MCFC28, MCFC27, MCFC26, MCFC25, MCFC24, 41 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register - Byte 3 R/W MCFC23, MCFC22, MCFC21, MCFC20, MCFC19, MCFC18, MCFC17, MCFC16 42 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register - Byte 2 R/W MCFC15, MCFC14, MCFC13, MCFC12, MCFC11, MCFC10, MCFC9, MCFC8 43 Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register - Byte 1 R/W MCFC7, MCFC6, MCFC5, MCFC4, MCFC3, MCFC2, MCFC1, MCFC0 PRIOR, SECOR, LOCK, HOLDOVER, rsv, FLIM, rsv, rsv 0111 0000 Table 5 - ZL30407 Register Map Note: The ZL30407 uses address space from 00h to 6Fh. Registers at address locations not listed above must not be written or read. 24 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 4.2.3 Data Sheet Register Description Address: 00 H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7 RefSel Reference Select. A zero selects the PRI (Primary) reference source as the input reference signal and a one selects the SEC (secondary) reference. 0 6-5 RSV Reserved 00 4-3 MS2, MS1 Mode Select 10 2 FCS MS2 = 0 MS2 = 0 MS2 = 1 MS2 = 1 MS1 = 0 MS1 = 1 MS1 = 0 MS1 = 1 Normal Mode (Locked Mode) Holdover Mode Free-run Mode Reserved Filter Characteristic Select (see Table 12 on page 29 for complimentary FCS2 bit description) - 0 FCS2 = 0, FCS = 0 : Filter corner frequency set to 1.5 Hz. FCS2 = 0, FCS = 1 : Filter corner frequency set to 0.1 Hz. FCS2 = 1, FCS = 0 : Filter corner frequency set to 12 Hz. FCS2 = 1, FCS = 1 : Filter corner frequency set to 6 Hz. Conformance of these filter settings to standards is presented in Table 1, “Loop Filter Selection” on page 13. 1 RSV 0 RefAlign Reserved 0 Reference Alignment. A high-to-low transition aligns the generated output clocks to the input reference signal (see Section 3.2.5, Reference Alignment (RefAlign) for details). This bit should never be held low permanently. 1 Table 6 - Control Register 1 (R/W) 25 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 01 H Bit Name 7 PRIOR 6 SECOR 5 LOCK Functional Description Primary Reference Out of Range. This output goes high when: • the primary reference is off its nominal frequency by more than ±12 ppm. The frequency offset monitor updates internally every 10 sec and will change state after two matching measurements (PASS/PASS or FAIL/FAIL). This is in full compliance with the GR-1244-CORE requirement of 10 to 30 sec Reference Validation Time. This output returns to zero when the reference frequency is requalified within ±9.2 ppm of the nominal frequency (monitor circuit has built-in hysteresis). In an extreme case, when over time the Master Clock oscillator drifts ±4.6 ppm the switching thresholds will change as well, as is shown in Figure 8. • the reference impairment detector detects large frequency offset (greater than 3%) or large change in a single cycle period (greater than 30%). In both cases detector will disqualify the reference and reset the 10 sec internal timer. Secondary Reference Out of Range. Functionally, this bit is equivalent to the PRIOR bit for Primary Acquisition PLL. Lock. This bit goes high when the Core PLL completes the phase locking process to the input reference clock (see Section 3.2.4, Lock Indicator (LOCK) for details). After achieving lock, this bit will go low if the ZL30407 enters Holdover mode, Automatic Holdover mode or Free-run mode, or if the Core PLL phase detector accumulates more than 22 µs of phase error, or if the RefAlign control bit/pin is taken low. Note that the indication of the LOCK status pin is a logical combination of the LOCK status bit and the FLIM status bit. Please see the FLIM status bit description. 4 HOLDOVER Holdover. This bit goes high when the Core PLL enters Holdover mode. Detection of reference failure and subsequent transition from Normal to Holdover mode takes approximately: 0.75 µs for 19.44 MHz reference, 0.85 µs for 2.048 MHz reference, 1.5 µs for 1.544 MHz reference and 130 µs for 8 kHz reference. 3 RSV Reserved 2 FLIM Frequency Limit. This bit goes high when the Core PLL is pulled by the input reference signal to the edge of its frequency tracking range set at ±104 ppm. This bit may change state momentarily in the event of large jitter or wander excursions occurring when the input reference is close to the frequency limit range. When the FLIM bit goes high it will cause the LOCK status pin to go low, but it will not cause the LOCK status bit to go low. 1 RSV Reserved 0 RSV Reserved Table 7 - Status Register 1 (R) 26 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet C20i Clock Accuracy Out of Range C20 0 ppm -12 0 -9.2 9.2 In Range 12 C20 Out of Range +4.6 ppm -7.4 -4.6 0 4.6 In Range 13.8 16.6 Out of Range C20 -4.6 ppm -16.6 -13.8 -20 -15 -10 -4.6 -5 0 0 4.6 5 In Range 7.4 10 15 20 Frequency Offset [ppm] Figure 8 - Primary and Secondary Reference Out of Range Thresholds Address: 04 H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7 E3DS3/OC3 E3, DS3 or OC-3 clock select. Setting this bit to zero enables the C155P/N outputs (pin 30 and pin 31) and enables the C34/C44 output (pin 53) to provide C8 or C11 clocks. Logic high disables the C155 clock LVDS outputs and enables the C34/C44 output to provide a C34 or C44 clock. 0 6 E3/DS3 E3 or DS3 clock select. When E3DS3/OC3 bit is set high, a logic low on the E3/DS3 bit selects a 44.736 MHz clock on the C34/C44 output and logic high selects a 34.368 MHz clock. When the E3DS3/OC3 bit is set low, a logic low on the E3/DS3 bit selects an 11.184 MHz clock on the C34/C44 output and a logic high selects an 8.592 MHz clock. 0 5-0 RSV Reserved 000000 Table 8 - Control Register 2 (R/W) 27 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 06 H Bit Name Functional Description 7-4 RSV Reserved 3 OffEn Offset Enable. Set high to enable programmable phase offset adjustment (C16 Phase Offset Adjustment and C1.5 Phase Offset Adjustment) between the input reference and the generated clocks. 2-0 C16POA10 to C16POA8 Default 0000 C16 Phase Offset Adjustment. These three bits (most significant) in conjunction with the eight bits of Phase Offset Register 1 allow for phase shifting of all clocks and frame pulses that are derived from the C16 clock (C8o, C4o, C2o, F16o, F8o, F0o). The phase offset is an unsigned number in a range from 0 to 2047. Each increment by one represents a phase-offset advancement by 61.035 ns with respect to the input reference signal. The phase offset is a two-byte value and it must be written in one step increments. For example: four writes are required to advance clocks by 244 ns from its current position of 22H: write 23H, 24H, 25H, 26H. Writing numbers in reverse order will delay clocks from their present position. 0 000 Note that phase offset adjustment is a process of shifting clocks in a time domain which may cause momentary distortion of the generated clocks. Therefore it is not recommended to perform phase offset adjustments on an active ZL30407 (at the time when it generates network clocks). Table 9 - Phase Offset Register 2 (R/W) Address: 07 H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7-0 C16POA7 to C16POA0 C16 Phase Offset Adjustment. The eight least significant bits of the phase offset adjustment word. See the Phase Offset Register 2 for details. 0000 0000 Table 10 - Phase Offset Register 1 (R/W) Address: 0F H Bit Name Functional Description 7-4 ID7 - 4 Device Identification Number. These four bits represent the device part number. The ID number for ZL30407 is 0111. 3-0 ID3 - 0 Device Revision Number. These bits represent the revision number. Number starts from 0000. Table 11 - Device ID Register (R) 28 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 11 H Bit Name Functional Description 7 RSV Reserved 0 6 RSV Reserved 0 5-3 C1.5POA2 to C1.5POA0 C1.5 Phase Offset Adjustment. These three bits allow for changing of the phase offset of the C1.5o clock relative to the active input reference. The phase offset is an unsigned number in a range from 0 to 7. Each increment by one represents phase-offset advancement by 80.96 ns. Example: Writing 010 advances C1.5 clock by 162 ns. Successive writing of 001 delays this clock by 80.96 ns from its present position Default 000 Note that phase offset adjustment is a process of shifting clocks in a time domain which may cause momentary distortion of the generated clocks. Therefore it is not recommended to perform phase offset adjustments on an active ZL30407 (at the time when it generates network clocks). 2-1 RSV Reserved 00 0 FCS2 Filter Characteristic Select 2 (see Table 6 on page 25 for complimentary FCS bit description) 0 - FCS2 = 0, FCS = 0 : Filter corner frequency set to 1.5 Hz FCS2 = 0, FCS = 1 : Filter corner frequency set to 0.1 Hz FCS2 = 1, FCS = 0 : Filter corner frequency set to 12 Hz FCS2 = 1, FCS = 1 : Filter corner frequency set to 6 Hz Conformance of these filter settings to standards is presented in Table 1, “Loop Filter Selection” on page 13. Table 12 - Control Register 3 (R/W) Address: 13 H Bit Name Functional Description 7 RSV Reserved 0 6 RSV Reserved 0 5 C16dis 16.384 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 16.384 MHz clock output. 0 4 C8dis 8.192 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 8.192 MHz clock output. 0 3 C4dis 4.096 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 4.096 MHz clock output. 0 2 C2dis 2.048 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 2.048 MHz clock output. 0 1 C1.5dis 1.544 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 1.544 MHz clock output. 0 0 RSV Reserved 0 Table 13 - Clock Disable Register 1 (R/W) 29 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Default ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 14 H Bit Name Functional Description 7-5 RSV 4 F8odis F8o Frame Pulse Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 8 kHz 122 ns active high framing pulse output. 0 3 F0odis F0o Frame Pulse Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 8 kHz 244 ns active low framing pulse output. 0 2 F16odis F16o Frame Pulse Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 8 kHz 61 ns active low framing pulse output. 0 1 C6dis 6.312 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 6.312 MHz clock output. 0 0 C19dis 19.44 MHz Clock Disable. When set high, this bit tristates the 19.44 MHz clock output. 0 Reserved Default 000 Table 14 - Clock Disable Register 2 (R/W) Address: 19 H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7-3 RSV Reserved 2 MHR Manual Holdover Release. A change form 0 to 1 on the MHR bit will release the Core PLL from Auto Holdover when automatic return from Holdover is disabled (AHRD is set to 1). This bit is level sensitive and it must be cleared immediately after it is set to 1 (next write operation). This bit has no effect if AHRD is set to 0. 0 1 AHRD Automatic Holdover Return Disable. When set high, this bit inhibits the Core PLL from automatically switching back to Normal mode from Auto Holdover state when the active Acquisition PLL regains lock to its input reference. The active Acquisition PLL is the Acquisition PLL to which the Core PLL is currently connected. 0 00000 For the 8 kHz input reference, the recovery from Auto Holdover state must transition through the Holdover state to preserve “hit-less” recovery. To guarantee this transitioning, the AHDR bit should be set high permanently to prevent automatic return to Normal mode. 0 RSV Reserved 0 Table 15 - Core PLL Control Register (R/W) 30 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 1A H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7-0 FPOA7 - 0 Fine Phase Offset Adjustment. This register allows phase offset adjustment of all output clocks and frame pulses (C16o, C8o, C4o, C2o, F16o, F8o, F0o, C155, C19o, C34/44, C1.5o, C6o) relative to the active input reference. The adjustment can be positive (advance) or negative (delay) with a nominal step size of 477 ps (61.035 ns / 128). Changes to the offset values are filtered before they propagate to the PLL outputs. The rate of phase change is determined by the bandwidth of the selected filter and is limited to the level listed in the Table , “Performance Characteristics*” on page 49. 00000 000 The phase offset value is a signed 2’s complement number e.g.: Advance: +1 step = 01H, +2 steps = 02H, +127 steps = EFH Delay: -1 step = FFH, -2 steps = FEH, -128 steps = 80H Example: Writing 08H advances all clocks by 3.8 ns and writing F3H delays all clocks Table 16 - Fine Phase Offset Register (R/W) Address: 20 H Bit Name 7-5 RSV 4-3 InpFreq1-0 Functional Description Reserved Input Frequency. These two bits identify the Primary Reference Clock frequency. - 00 = 19.44 MHz 01 = 8 kHz 10 = 1.544 MHz 11 = 2.048 MHz 2 RSV Reserved 1 PAH Primary Acquisition PLL Holdover. This bit goes high whenever the Acquisition PLL enters Holdover mode. Holdover mode is entered when the reference frequency is: 0 PAFL • lost completely • drifts more than ±30 000 ppm off from the nominal frequency • a large phase hit occurs on the reference clock This status bit is intended to provide software compatibility with the ZL30402. It is not required for new designs. Table 17 - Primary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R) 31 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 28 H Bit Name Functional Description 7-5 RSV 4-3 InpFreq1-0 Reserved Input Frequency. These two bits identify the Secondary Reference Clock frequency. - 00 = 19.44 MHz 01 = 8 kHz 10 = 1.544 MHz 11 = 2.048 MHz 2 RSV Reserved 1 SAH Secondary Acquisition PLL Holdover. This bit goes high whenever the Acquisition PLL enters Holdover mode. Holdover mode is entered when reference frequency is: 0 SAFL • lost completely • drifts more than ±30 000 ppm off the nominal frequency • a large phase hit occurs on the reference clock This status bit is intended to provide software compatibility with the ZL30402. It is not required for new designs. Table 18 - Secondary Acquisition PLL Status Register (R) Address: 40 H Bit Name 7-0 MCFC31 - 24 Functional Description Master Clock Frequency Calibration. This most significant byte contains the 31st to 24th bit of the Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register. See Applications section 4.2 for a detailed description of how to calculate the MCFC value. Default 00000 000 Table 19 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 4 (R/W) Address: 41 H Bit 7-0 Name MCFC23 - 16 Functional Description Default Master Clock Frequency Calibration. This byte contains the 23rd to 16th bit of the Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register. 00000 000 Table 20 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 3 (R/W) Address: 42 H Bit Name Functional Description Default 7-0 MCFC15 - 8 Master Clock Frequency Calibration. This byte contains the 15th to 8th bit of the Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register. 00000 000 Table 21 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 2 (R/W) 32 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Address: 43 H Bit Name 7-0 MCFC7 - 0 Functional Description Master Clock Frequency Calibration. This byte contains bit 7 to bit 0 of the Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register. Default 00000 000 Table 22 - Master Clock Frequency Calibration Register 1 (R/W) 5.0 Applications This section contains application specific details for Mode Switching and Master Clock Oscillator calibration. 5.1 ZL30407 Mode Switching - Examples The ZL30407 is designed to transition from one mode to the other driven by the internal State Machine or by manual control. The following examples present a couple of typical scenarios of how the ZL30407 can be employed in network synchronization equipment (e.g. timing modules, line cards or stand alone synchronizers). 33 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.1.1 Data Sheet System Start-up Sequence: FREE-RUN --> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL The FREE-RUN to HOLDOVER to NORMAL transition represents a sequence of steps that will most likely occur during a new system installation or scheduled maintenance of timing cards. The process starts from the RESET state and then transitions to Free-run mode where the system (card) is being initialized. At the end of this process the ZL30407 should be switched into Normal mode (with MS2, MS1 set to 00) instead of Holdover mode. If the reference clock is available, the ZL30407 will transition briefly into Holdover to acquire synchronization and switch automatically to Normal mode. If the reference clock is not available at this time, as it may happen during new system installation, then the ZL30407 will stay in Holdover indefinitely. While in Holdover mode, the Core PLL will continue generating clocks with the same accuracy as in the Free-run mode, waiting for a good reference clock. When the system is connected to the network (or timing card switched to a valid reference) the Acquisition PLL will quickly synchronize and clear its own Holdover status (PAH bit). This will enable the Core PLL to start the synchronization process. After acquiring lock, the ZL30407 will automatically switch from Holdover into Normal mode without system intervention. This transition to the Normal mode will be flagged by the LOCK status bit and pin. MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 1 {MANUAL} NORMAL OR 00 RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 HOLDOVER 01 FREERUN 10 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 9 - Transition From Free-run to Normal Mode 34 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 0 {AUTO} AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 ZL30407 5.1.2 Data Sheet Single Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER --> NORMAL The NORMAL to AUTO-HOLDOVER to NORMAL transition will usually happen when the Network Element loses its single reference clock unexpectedly. The sequence starts with the reference clock transitioning from OK --> FAIL at a time when ZL30407 operates in Normal mode (as is shown in Figure 10). This failure is detected by the active Acquisition PLL based on the following FAIL criteria: • Frequency offset on 8 kHz, 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz reference clocks exceeds ±30000 ppm (±3%). • Single phase hit on 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz exceeds half of the cycle of the reference clock After detecting any of these anomalies on a reference clock the Acquisition PLL will switch itself into Holdover mode forcing the Core PLL to automatically switch into the Auto Holdover state. This condition is flagged by LOCK = 0 and HOLDOVER = 1. MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 1 {MANUAL} NORMAL OR 00 RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 FREERUN 10 HOLDOVER 01 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 0 {AUTO} AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 10 - Automatic Entry into Auto Holdover State and Recovery into Normal Mode There are two possible returns to Normal mode after the reference signal is restored: • With the AHRD (Automatic Holdover Return Disable) bit set to 0. In this case the Core PLL will automatically return to the Normal state after the reference signal recovers from failure. This transition is shown on the state diagram as a FAIL --> OK change. This change becomes effective when the reference is restored and there have been no phase hits detected for at least 64 clock cycles for the 1.544/2.048 MHz reference, 512 clock cycles for the 19.44 MHz reference and 1 clock cycle for the 8 kHz reference. • With the AHRD bit set to 1 to disable automatic return to Normal and the change of MHR (Manual Holdover Release) bit from 0 to 1 to trigger the transition from Auto Holdover to Normal. This option is provided to protect the Core PLL and its stored holdover value against toggling between Normal and Auto Holdover states in case of an intermittent quality reference clock. In the case when MHR has been changed when the reference is still not available (Acquisition PLL in Holdover mode) the transition to Normal state will not occur and MHR 0 to 1 transition must be repeated. The transition from Auto Holdover to Normal mode is performed as “hit-less” recovery for 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz references. For the 8 kHz input reference, the recovery from Auto Holdover state must transition through the Holdover state to preserve “hit-less” recovery (for details see Section 5.1.3 on page 36). 35 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.1.3 Data Sheet Single 8 kHz Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER--> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL The sequence starts from the Normal state and transitions to Auto Holdover state due to an unforeseen loss of the 8 kHz reference. The failure conditions triggering this transition are described in section 4.1.2. When in the Auto Holdover state, the ZL30410 can return to Normal mode automatically but this transition may exceed Output Phase Continuity limits specified in the table Performance Characteristics* on page 49. This probable time interval error is avoidable by forcing the PLL into Holdover state immediately after detection of the 8 kHz reference failure. While in Holdover state the ZL30410 will continue monitoring quality of the input reference (if a proper ±4.6 ppm Master Clock oscillator is employed) and after detecting the presence of a valid reference it can be switched into Normal state. When the Master Clock Oscillator accuracy exceeds ±4.6 ppm range (leading to inaccurate internal out-of-range detection) then an external method for detecting the presence of the clock should be employed to switch the ZL30410 into Normal state (0.1 sec after detecting the presence of a valid 8 kHz reference). MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change NORMAL 00 RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 FREERUN 10 HOLDOVER 01 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} When HOLDOVER 0-->1 then set MS2,MS1 = 01 Set AHRD = 1 to disable automatic return to Normal mode AUTO HOLDOVER AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 11 - Recovery Procedure From a Single 8 kHz Reference Failure by Transitioning Through the Holdover State 36 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.1.4 Data Sheet Dual Reference Operation: NORMAL --> AUTO HOLDOVER--> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL The NORMAL to AUTO-HOLDOVER to HOLDOVER to NORMAL sequence represents the most likely operation of ZL30407 in Network Equipment. The sequence starts from the Normal state and transitions to Auto Holdover state due to an unforeseen loss of reference. The failure conditions triggering this transition were described in section 4.1.2. When in the Auto Holdover state, the ZL30407 can return to Normal mode automatically if the lost reference is restored and the ADHR bit is set to 0. This transition from Auto Holdover to Normal mode is performed as “hit-less” recovery for 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz and 19.44 MHz references. For the 8 kHz input reference, the recovery from Auto Holdover state must transition through the Holdover state to preserve “hit-less” recovery (for details see Section 5.1.3 on page 36). If the reference clock failure persists for a period of time that exceeds the system design limit, the system control processor may initiate a reference switch. If the secondary reference is available the ZL30407 will briefly switch into Holdover mode and then transition to Normal mode. MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 1 {MANUAL} NORMAL OR 00 RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 FREERUN 10 HOLDOVER 01 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 0 {AUTO} AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 12 - Entry into Auto Holdover State and Recovery into Normal Mode by Switching References The new reference clock will most likely have a different phase but it may also have a different fractional frequency offset. In order to lock to a new reference with a different frequency, the Core PLL may be stepped gradually towards the new frequency. 37 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.1.5 Data Sheet Reference Switching (RefSel): NORMAL --> HOLDOVER --> NORMAL The NORMAL to HOLDOVER to NORMAL mode switching is usually performed when: • A reference clock is available but its frequency drifts beyond some specified limit. In a Network Element with stratum 3 internal clocks, the reference failure is declared when its frequency drifts more than ±12 ppm beyond its nominal frequency. The ZL30407 indicates this condition by setting PRIOR or SECOR status bits or pins to logic high. • During routine maintenance of equipment when orderly switching of reference clocks is possible. This may happen when synchronization references must be rearranged or when a faulty line card must be replaced. MS2,MS1 = 01 OR RefSel change Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 1 {MANUAL} NORMAL OR 00 RESET = 1 RESET Ref: OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} MS2,MS1 = 00 OR MS2,MS1 = 01 HOLDOVER 01 FREERUN 10 Ref: OK-->FAIL AND MS2,MS1 = 00 {AUTO} RefSel Change OR MS2,MS1 = 01 AUTO HOLDOVER Ref: FAIL-->OK AND MS2,MS1 = 00 AND AHRD = 0 {AUTO} AHRD = 1 AND MHR = 0 MS2,MS1 = 10 forces unconditional return from any state to Free-run Figure 13 - Manual Reference Switching Two types of transitions are possible: • Semi-automatic transition, which involves changing RefSel input to select a secondary reference clock without changing the mode select inputs MS2, MS1 = 00 (Normal mode). This forces the ZL30407 to momentarily transition through the Holdover state and automatically return to Normal mode after synchronizing to a secondary reference clock. • Manual transition, which involves switching into Holdover mode (MS2,MS1 = 01), changing references with RefSel, and manual return to the Normal mode (MS2, MS1 = 00). In both cases, the change of references provides “hitless” switching. 38 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.2 Data Sheet Master/Slave Timing Protection Switching Carrier Class Telecommunications Equipment deployed in today’s networks guarantee better than 99.999% operational availability (equivalent to less than 7 minutes of downtime per year). This high level of uninterrupted service is achieved by fully redundant architectures with hot swappable cards. Timing for these types of systems can be generated by the ZL30407 which supports Master/Slave Timing Protection Switching shown in Figure 14. R0 R1 PRI PRI ZL30407 SEC ZL30410 SEC SONET/SDH Framer Timing Card (in Master slot) R0 R1 Line Card #m PRI PRI ZL30407 SEC ZL30410 SEC E3/DS3 MUX with Framers Timing Card (in Slave slot) Line Card #n Backplane Figure 14 - Block Diagram of the Master/Slave Timing Protection Switching The redundant architecture shown in this figure is based on the ZL30407 being deployed on two separate timing cards; the Master Timing Card and the Slave Timing Card. In normal operation the Master Timing Card receives synchronization from the network and provides timing for the whole system. All Line Cards in the system are configured to receive from the backplane a reference clock generated by the Master Timing Card. The redundant Slave Timing Card is phase locked (through the R3 input) to one of the backplane clocks supplied by the Master Timing Card. The ZL30407 on the Slave Timing Card is programmed for 12 Hz loop filter operation (FCS2 = 1, FCS = 0) which allows it to track the Master Timing Card clocks with minimal phase error. When the Master Timing card fails unexpectedly (this failure is not related to reference failure) then all Line Cards will detect this failure and they will switch to the timing supplied by the Slave Timing Card. At this moment the ZL30407 on the Slave Timing Card must be switched from 12 Hz to the same loop filter characteristic (e.g. 1.5 Hz filter for SDH networks) as the Master Timing Card. A detailed description of this Master/Slave redundant timing architecture based on ZL30407 can be found in Application Note ZLAN-67 “Applications of the ZL30407 Master/Slave Application”. 39 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 5.3 Data Sheet Programming Master Clock Oscillator Frequency Calibration Register The Master Crystal Oscillator and its programmable Master Clock Frequency Calibration register (see Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, and Table 22) are described in Section 3.5 "Master Clock Frequency Calibration Circuit", on page 20. Programming of this register should be done after the system has been powered long enough for the Master Crystal Oscillator to reach a steady operating temperature. When the temperature stabilizes the crystal oscillator frequency should be measured with an accurate frequency meter. The frequency measurement should be substituted for the foffset variable in the following equation. MCFC = 45036 * (-foffset) where foffset is the crystal oscillator frequency offset from the nominal 20 000 000 Hz frequency expressed in Hz. Example 1: Calculate the binary value that must be written to the MCFC register to correct a -1 ppm offset of the Master Crystal Oscillator. The -1 ppm offset for a 20 MHz frequency is equivalent to -20 Hz: MCFC = 45036 * 20 = 900720 = 00 0D BE 70 H Note: Correcting the -1 ppm crystal oscillator offset requires +1 ppm MCFC offset. Example 2: Calculate the binary value that must be written to the MCFC register to correct a +2 ppm offset of the Master Crystal Oscillator. The +2 ppm offset for 20 MHz frequency is equivalent to 40 Hz: MCFC = 45036 * (-40) = -1801440 = FF E4 83 20 H 5.4 Power supply filtering Figure 15 "Power Supply Filtering" presents a complete filtering arrangement that is recommended for applications requiring maximum jitter performance. C1 58 56 54 GND VDD GND VDD 60 C2 52 50 48 46 44 62 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 = 0.1 µF (ceramic) 42 40 C6, C7 = 1 µF (ceramic) FB - Ferrite Bead = BLM21A601R (Murrata) 38 64 36 66 34 68 GND C5 32 70 ZL30407 30 72 74 26 76 C3 VDD AVDD GND 24 78 22 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 GND 2 VDD 80 C4 Figure 15 - Power Supply Filtering 40 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. FB C6 GND GND VDD 28 GND VDD C7 GND ZL30407 6.0 Characteristics 6.1 AC and DC Electrical Characteristics Data Sheet Absolute Maximum Ratings* Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 Supply voltage VDDR -0.3 7.0 V 2 Voltage on any pin VPIN -0.3 VDD+0.3 V 3 Current on any pin IPIN 30 mA 4 Storage temperature TST 125 °C 5 Package power dissipation (80 pin LQFP) PPD 1000 mW 6 ESD rating VESD 1500 V -55 * Voltages are with respect to ground (GND) unless otherwise stated. * Exceeding these values may cause permanent damage. Functional operation under these conditions is not implied. Recommended Operating Conditions* Characteristics 1 Supply voltage 2 Operating temperature Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units VDD 3.0 3.3 3.6 V TA -40 25 +85 °C * Voltages are with respect to ground (GND) unless otherwise stated. DC Electrical Characteristics* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units Notes 1 Supply current with C20i = 20 MHz IDD 155 mA Outputs unloaded 2 Supply current with C20i = 0 V IDDS 3.5 mA Outputs unloaded 3 CMOS high-level input voltage VCIH 4 CMOS low-level input voltage VCIL 0.3 VDD V 5 Input leakage current IIL 15 µA VI = VDD or GND 6 High-level output voltage VOH V IOH = 10 mA 7 Low-level output voltage VOL 0.4 V IOL = 10 mA 8 LVDS: Differential output voltage VOD 450 mV ZT= 100 Ω 9 LVDS: Change in VOD between complementary output states dVOD 50 mV ZT = 100 Ω 10 LVDS: Offset voltage VOS 1.375 V 11 LVDS: Change in VOS between complementary output states dVOS 50 mV 12 LVDS: Output short circuit current IOS 24 mA Pin short to GND 13 LVDS: Output rise and fall times TRF 900 ps Note 2 0.7 VDD V 2.4 250 1.125 260 * Voltages are with respect to ground (GND) unless otherwise stated. Note 1: VOS is defined as (V OH + V OL) / 2. Note 2: Rise and fall times are measured at 20% and 80% levels. 41 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Note 1 ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - Timing Parameter Measurement - CMOS Voltage Levels* Characteristics Symbol Level Units VT 0.5 VDD V 1 Threshold voltage 2 Rise and fall threshold voltage High VHM 0.7 VDD V 3 Rise and fall threshold voltage Low VLM 0.3 VDD V * Voltages are with respect to ground (GND) unless otherwise stated. * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. * Timing for input and output signals is based on the worst case conditions (over TA and VDD). Timing Reference Points VHM VT ALL SIGNALS VLM tIF, tOF tIR, tOR Figure 16 - Timing Parameters Measurement Voltage Levels 42 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - Microprocessor Timing* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 DS Low tDSL 65 ns 2 DS High tDSH 100 ns 3 CS Setup tCSS 0 ns 4 CS-Hold tCSH 0 ns 5 R/W Setup tRWS 20 ns 6 R/W Hold tRWH 5 ns 7 Address Setup tADS 10 ns 8 Address Hold tADH 10 ns 9 Data Read Delay tDRD 60 ns 10 Data Read Hold tDRH 10 ns 11 Data Write Setup tDWS 10 ns 12 Data Write Hold tDWH 5 ns Notes CL = 90 pF * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. tDSL tDSH VT DS tCSS tCSH CS VT tRWH tRWS VT R/W tADS A0-A6 tADH VALID ADDRESS VT tDRH tDRD VALID DATA D0-D7 READ tDWH tDWS D0-D7 WRITE VT VALID DATA VT Figure 17 - Microport Timing 43 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - ST-BUS and GCI Output Timing* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 F16o pulse width low (nom 61 ns) tF16L 56 62 ns 2 F8o to F16o delay tF16D 27 33 ns 3 C16o pulse width low tC16L 26 32 ns 4 F8o to C16o delay tC16D -3 3 ns 5 F8o pulse width high (nom 122 ns) tF8H 119 125 ns 6 C8o pulse width low tC8L 56 62 ns 7 F8o to C8o delay tC8D -3 3 ns 8 F0o pulse width low (nom 244 ns) tF0L 241 247 ns 9 F8o to F0o delay tF0D 119 125 ns 10 C4o pulse width low tC4L 119 125 ns 11 F8o to C4o delay tC4D -3 3 ns 12 C2o pulse width low tC2L 240 246 ns 13 F8o to C2o delay tC2D -3 3 ns Notes * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. tF16L tF16D F16o VT tc = 125 µs tC16L tC16D VT C16o tF8H tc = 61.04 ns VT F8o tc = 125 µs tC8L tC8D C8o VT tF0L tc = 122.07 ns F0o tF0D tc = 125µs tC4L VT tC4D C4o VT tc = 244.14 ns tC2L tC2D C2o VT tc = 488.28 ns Figure 18 - ST-BUS and GCI Output Timing 44 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - DS1 and DS2 Clock Timing* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 C6o pulse width low tC6L 75 83 ns 2 F8o to C6o delay tC6D -4 11 ns 3 C1.5o pulse width low tC1.5L 320 328 ns 4 F8o to C1.5o delay tC1.5D -4 11 ns Notes * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. VT F8o tc = 125 µs tC6L tC6D C6o VT tc = 158.43 ns tC1.5D tC1.5L C1.5o VT tc = 647.67 ns Figure 19 - DS1 and DS2 Clock Timing 45 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - C155o and C19o Clock Timing Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units tC155L 2.6 3.8 ns 1 C155o pulse width low 2 C155o to C19o rising edge delay tC19DLH -1 7 ns 3 C155o to C19o falling edge delay tC19DHL -2 6 ns 4 C19 pulse width high tC19H 23 29 Notes * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. tC155L C155oP 1.25 V tc = 6.43 ns tC19DLH tC19DHL C19o tc = 51.44 ns VT tC19H Note: Delay is measured from the rising edge of C155P clock (single ended) at 1.25 V threshold to the rising and falling edges of C19o clock at VT threshold Figure 20 - C155o and C19o Timing 46 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - Input to Output Phase Offset (after phase realignment)* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 8 kHz ref: pulse width high or low tR8W 100 2 8 kHz ref input to F8o delay tR8D -6 3 1.544 MHz ref: pulse width high or low tR1.5W 100 4 1.544 MHz ref input to F8o delay tR1.5D 335 5 2.048 MHz ref: pulse width high or low tR2W 100 6 2.048 MHz ref input to F8o delay tR2D 255 7 19.44 MHz ref: pulse width high or low tR19W 20 8 19.44 MHz ref input to F8o delay tR19D 8 21 ns 9 F8o to C19o delay tC19D -5 7 ns 10 Reference input rise and fall time tIR, tIF 10 ns Notes ns 29 ns ns 350 ns ns 272 ns ns * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. tR8W tR8D PRI/SEC 8 kHz VT tc = 125 µs PRI/SEC 1.544 MHz PRI/SEC 2.048 MHz tR1.5D tR1.5W VT tc = 647.67 ns tR2W tR2D VT tc = 488.28 ns tR19W tR19D PRI/SEC 19.44 MHz VT tc = 51.44 ns tC19D C19o VT tc = 51.44 ns F8o VT tc = 125 µs Note: Delay time measurements are done with jitter free input reference signals. Figure 21 - Input Reference to Output Clock Phase Offset 47 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet AC Electrical Characteristics - Input Control Signals* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 Input controls Setup time tS 100 ns 2 Input controls Hold time tH 100 ns Notes * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions VT F8o tS tH MS1, MS2 RefSel, FCS, RefAlign E3/DS3 VT E3DS3/OC3 Figure 22 - Input Control Signal Setup and Hold Time AC Electrical Characteristics - E3 and DS3 Output Timing* Characteristics Symbol Min. Max. Units 1 C44o clock pulse width high tC44H 11 13 ns 2 C11o clock pulse width high tC11H 5 26 ns 3 C34o clock pulse width high tC34H 13 16 ns 4 C8.5o clock pulse width high tC8.5H 9 24 ns Notes * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. tC44H VT C44o tc = 22.35 ns tC11H VT C11o tc = 89.41 ns tC34H VT C34o tc = 29.10 ns tC8.5H C8.5o VT tc = 116.39 ns Figure 23 - E3 and DS3 Output Timing 48 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 6.2 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics Performance Characteristics* Characteristics Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes 1 Holdover accuracy 4x10-12 7x10-12 Hz/Hz 0.1 Hz Filter 2 Holdover accuracy 24x10-12 32x10-12 Holdover accuracy -12 3 4 Holdover accuracy 5 Holdover stability 6 Capture range 7 Reference Out of Range Threshold 70x10 140x10 -12 Hz/Hz 1.5 Hz Filter 160x10 -12 Hz/Hz 6 Hz Filter 320x10 -12 Hz/Hz 12 Hz Filter NA ppm Holdover stability is determined by stability of the 20 MHz Master Clock oscillator -104 +104 ppm The 20 MHz Master Clock oscillator set at 0ppm -12 +12 ppm The 20 MHz Master Clock oscillator set at 0 ppm Lock Time 8 6 Hz or 12 Hz Filter 6 s ±4.6 ppm frequency offset 9 6 Hz or 12 Hz Filter 6 s ±20 ppm frequency offset 10 1.5 Hz Filter 20 s ±4.6 ppm frequency offset 11 0.1 Hz Filter 75 s ±4.6 ppm frequency offset 12 0.1 Hz Filter 95 s ±20 ppm frequency offset 50 ns PRI = SEC = 8 kHz 5 ns PRI or SEC = 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz, 19.44 MHz Output Phase Continuity (MTIE) 13 Reference switching: PRI ⇒ SEC, SEC ⇒ PRI 14 Switching from Normal mode to Holdover mode 0 ns 15 Switching from Holdover mode to Normal mode 50 ns PRI = SEC = 8 kHz 2 ns PRI or SEC = 1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz, 19.44 MHz (for 0 ppm frequency offset) Output Phase Slope 16 0.1 Hz Filter 885 ns sec G.813 Option 2 GR-253 SONET stratum 3 GR-253 SONET SMC 17 1.5 Hz Filter 41 ns 1.326 ms G.813 Option 1, GR-1244 stratum 3 49 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics* (continued) Characteristics Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes 18 6 Hz Filter 41 ns 1.326 ms 19 12 Hz Filter 150 µs sec G.813 Option 1 * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. Note: See Section 2.2.3 for an explanation of Phase Slope Limiting. Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - GR-253-CORE and T1.105.03 conformance Telcordia GR-253-CORE and ANSI T1.105.03 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Limit in UI Typ. Units Notes C155 Clock Output 1 2 OC-3 155.52 Mbps 3 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.15 UIpp 0.964 0.325 nsP-P 12 kHz to1.3 MHz (Category II) 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.408 nsP-P 0.01 UIRMS 0.064 0.038 nsRMS 1.5 UIpp 9.645 0.448 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz C19 Clock Output 4 5 OC-3 155.52 Mbps 6 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.15 UIpp 0.964 0.390 nsP-P 12 kHz to1.3 MHz (Category II) 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.458 nsP-P 0.01 UIRMS 0.064 0.040 nsRMS 1.5 UIpp 9.645 0.512 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - T1.403 conformance ANSI T1.403 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter Limit in UI ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Typ. Units C1.5 Clock Output 1 2 DS1 1.544 Mbps 8 kHz to 40 kHz 0.07 UIpp 45.3 0.63 nsP-P 10 Hz to 40 kHz 0.5 UIpp 324 0.93 nsP-P * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. 50 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Notes ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - G.747 conformance ITU-T G.747 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter Limit in UI ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Typ. Units Notes C6 Clock Output 1 10 Hz to 60 kHz DS2 0.05 UIpp 7.92 0.53 6312 kbps nsP-P * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - T1.404 conformance ANSI T1.403 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Type I Jitter Measurement Filter ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Limit in UI Typ. Units Notes C44 Clock Output 1 2 DS3 44.736 Mbps 30 kHz to 400 kHz 0.05 UIpp 1.12 0.30 nsP-P 10 Hz to 400 kHz 0.5 UIpp 11.2 0.47 nsP-P * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - G.732, G.735 to G.739 conformance ITU-T G.732, G.735, G.736, G.737, G.738, G.739 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter Limit in UI ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Typ. Units Notes C16, C8, C4 and C2 Clock Outputs 1 E1 20 Hz to 100 kHz 0.05 UIpp 24.4 2048 kbps * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. 51 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. 0.56 nsP-P ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - G.751 conformance ITU-T G.751 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter Limit in UI ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Typ. Units Notes C34 Clock Output 1 100 Hz to 800 kHz E3 0.05 UIpp 1.45 0.64 34368 kbps nsP-P * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - G.812 conformance ITU-T G.812 Jitter Generation Requirements Network Interface Jitter Measurement Filter ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Limit in UI Typ. Units Notes C155 Clock Output 1 2 STM-1 optical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.325 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.448 nsP-P C155 Clock Output 3 4 STM-1 electrical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.075 UIpp 0.482 0.325 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.448 nsP-P C19 Clock Output 5 6 STM-1 optical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.390 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.512 nsP-P C19 Clock Output 7 8 STM-1 electrical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.075 UIpp 0.482 0.390 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.512 nsP-P C16, C8, C4 and C2 Clock Outputs 9 E1 20 Hz to 100 kHz 0.05 UIpp 24.4 0.56 2048 kbps nsP-P C1.5 Clock Output 10 DS1 10 Hz to 40 kHz 0.05 UIpp 32.4 1.544 Mbps * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. 52 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. 0.93 nsP-P ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - G.813 conformance (Option 1 and Option 2) ITU-T G.813 Jitter Generation Requirements Interface Jitter Measurement Filter ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Limit in UI Typ. 2 STM-1 155.52 Mbps Notes C155 Clock Output Option 1 1 Units 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.325 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.448 nsP-P C19 Clock Output 3 4 STM-1 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.390 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.512 nsP-P C16, C8, C4 and C2 Clock Outputs 5 E1 20 Hz to 100 kHz 0.05 UIpp 24.4 0.56 2048 kbps Option 2 6 STM-1 12 kHz to1.3 MHz nsP-P C155 Clock Output 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.408 155.52 Mbps nsP-P C19 Clock Output 7 STM-1 12 kHz to1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 155.52 Mbps * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. 53 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. 0.458 nsP-P ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics: Measured Output Jitter - EN 300 462-7-1 conformance ETSI EN 300 462-7-1 Jitter Generation Requirements Interface Jitter Measurement Filter ZL30407 Jitter Generation Performance Equivalent limit in time domain Limit in UI Typ. Units Notes C155 Clock Output 1 2 STM-1 optical 155.52 Mbps 65k Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.325 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.448 nsP-P C155 Clock Output 3 4 STM-1 electrical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.075 UIpp 0.482 0.325 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.448 nsP-P C19 Clock Output 5 6 STM-1 optical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.1 UIpp 0.643 0.390 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.512 nsP-P C19 Clock Output 7 8 STM-1 electrical 155.52 Mbps 65 kHz to 1.3 MHz 0.075 UIpp 0.482 0.390 nsP-P 500 Hz to 1.3 MHz 0.5 UIpp 3.215 0.512 nsP-P * Supply voltage and operating temperature are as per Recommended Operating Conditions. 54 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. ZL30407 Data Sheet Performance Characteristics - Measured Output Jitter - Unfiltered* Characteristics Typ. (UlPP) Typ. (nsPP) 1 C1.5o (1.544 MHz) 0.0042 2.71 2 C2o (2.048 MHz) 0.0019 0.95 3 C4o (4.096 MHz) 0.0037 0.92 4 C6o (6.312 MHz) 0.0179 2.84 5 C8o (8.192 MHz) 0.0081 0.99 6 C8.5o (8.592 MHz) 0.0222 2.58 7 C11o (11.184 MHz) 0.0295 2.64 8 C16o (16.384 MHz) 0.0161 0.98 9 C19o (19.44 MHz) 0.0125 0.64 10 C34o (34.368 MHz) 0.0433 1.26 11 C44o (44.736 MHz) 0.0546 1.22 12 C155o (155.52 MHz) 0.0867 0.56 13 F0o (8 kHz) NA 0.44 14 F8o (8 kHz) NA 0.46 15 F16o (8 kHz) NA 0.45 55 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Notes For more information about all Zarlink products visit our Web Site at www.zarlink.com Information relating to products and services furnished herein by Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. or its subsidiaries (collectively “Zarlink”) is believed to be reliable. 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