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LT8365HMSE#TRPBF

LT8365HMSE#TRPBF

  • 厂商:

    AD(亚德诺)

  • 封装:

    MSOP16

  • 描述:

    LT8365HMSE#TRPBF

  • 数据手册
  • 价格&库存
LT8365HMSE#TRPBF 数据手册
LT8365 Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Inverting Converter with 1.5A, 150V Switch FEATURES DESCRIPTION Wide Input Voltage Range: 2.8V to 60V n Ultralow Quiescent Current and Low Ripple Burst Mode® Operation: IQ = 9µA n 1.5A, 150V Power Switch n Positive or Negative Output Voltage Programming with a Single Feedback Pin n Programmable Frequency (100kHz to 500kHz) n Synchronizable to an External Clock n Spread Spectrum Frequency Modulation for Low EMI n BIAS Pin for Higher Efficiency n Programmable Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) n Thermally Enhanced 16-lead MSOP Package n AEC-Q100 Qualified for Automotive Applications The LT®8365 is a current mode DC/DC converter with a 1.5A, 150V switch operating from a 2.8V to 60V input. With a unique single feedback pin architecture it is capable of boost, SEPIC or inverting configurations. Burst Mode operation consumes as low as 9µA quiescent current to maintain high efficiency at very low output currents, while keeping typical output ripple below 15mV. n APPLICATIONS Industrial and Automotive Telecom n Medical Diagnostic Equipment n Portable Electronics n n An external compensation pin allows optimization of loop bandwidth over a wide range of input and output voltages and programmable switching frequencies between 100kHz and 500kHz. A SYNC/MODE pin allows synchronization to an external clock. It can also be used to select between burst or pulse-skipping modes of operation with or without spread spectrum frequency modulation for low EMI. For increased efficiency, a BIAS pin can accept a second input to supply the INTVCC regulator. Additional features include frequency foldback and programmable soft-start to control inductor current during startup. The LT8365 is available in a thermally enhanced 16-lead MSOP package with four pins removed for high voltage pin spacings. All registered trademarks and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATION 400kHz, –250V Output Inverting Converter 0.1µF VIN 9V TO 30V 20Ω VOUT –250V 10mA 0.22µF 0.1µF 10µH Switching Waveforms 20Ω 10µF 0.22µF VIN SW EN/UVLO LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT SS 1MΩ FBX VSW 50V/DIV 1µs/DIV 8365 TA01b INTVCC GND VC 3.24k 84.5k 107k VOUT BIAS IL 500mA/DIV 1µF 0.22µF 1nF D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 8365 TA01a Rev. A Document Feedback For more information www.analog.com 1 LT8365 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PIN CONFIGURATION (Note 1) SW...........................................................................150V VIN, EN/UVLO.............................................................60V BIAS...........................................................................60V EN/UVLO Pin Above VIN Pin, SYNC.............................6V INTVCC ............................................................... (Note 2) VC ................................................................................4V FBX............................................................................±4V Operating Junction Temperature (Note 3) LT8365E............................................. –40°C to 125°C LT8365J, LT8365H............................. –40°C to 150°C Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C TOP VIEW EN/UVLO 1 VIN 3 INTVCC NC BIAS VC 5 6 7 8 16 SW1 17 PGND, GND 14 SW2 12 11 10 9 SYNC/MODE SS RT FBX MSE PACKAGE VARIATION: MSE16 (12) 16-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS PGND AND GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB ORDER INFORMATION LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LT8365EMSE#PBF LT8365EMSE#TRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 125°C LT8365JMSE#PBF LT8365JMSE#TRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 150°C LT8365HMSE#PBF LT8365HMSE#TRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 150°C LT8365EMSE#WPBF LT8365EMSE#WTRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 125°C LT8365JMSE#WPBF LT8365JMSE#WTRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 150°C LT8365HMSE#WPBF LT8365HMSE#WTRPBF 8365 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed –40°C to 150°C AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS** Contact the factory for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. Tape and reel specifications. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix. **Versions of this part are available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. These models are designated with a #W suffix. Only the automotive grade products shown are available for use in automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models. 2 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 12V, EN/UVLO = 12V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN Operating Voltage Range VIN Quiescent Current at Shutdown MIN TYP UNITS 60 V l 1 1 2 15 μA μA l 2 2 5 25 μA μA l 9 9 15 30 μA μA l 1200 1200 1600 1850 µA µA l 22 22 40 65 µA µA 4.4 4 4.65 4.25 V V l 2.8 MAX VEN/UVLO = 0.2V VEN/UVLO = 1.5V VIN Quiescent Current Sleep Mode (Not Switching) Active Mode (Not Switching) SYNC = 0V SYNC = 0V or INTVCC, BIAS = 0V SYNC = 0V or INTVCC, BIAS = 5V BIAS Threshold Rising, BIAS Can Supply INTVCC Falling, BIAS Cannot Supply INTVCC VIN Falling Threshold to Supply INTVCC BIAS = 12V BIAS Falling Threshold to Supply INTVCC VIN = 12V BIAS – 2V V VIN V FBX Regulation 1.568 –0.822 FBX Regulation Voltage FBX > 0V FBX < 0V FBX Line Regulation FBX > 0V, 2.8V < VIN < 60V FBX < 0V, 2.8V < VIN < 60V FBX Pin Current FBX = 1.6V, –0.8V l –10 RT = 432k RT = 143k RT = 84.5k l l l 92 279 465 l l 1.6 –0.80 1.636 –0.780 V V 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.015 %/V %/V 10 nA 113 321 535 kHz kHz kHz Oscillator Switching Frequency (fOSC) SSFM Maximum Frequency Deviation (∆f/fOSC) • 100, RT = 143k Minimum On-Time Burst Mode, VIN = 24V (Note 6) Pulse-Skipping Mode, VIN = 24V (Note 6) Minimum Off-Time 14 l 100 300 500 20 28 % 110 110 200 200 ns ns 100 115 ns SYNC/Mode, Mode Thresholds (Note 5) High (Rising), VIN = 24V Low (Falling), VIN = 24V l l 0.14 1.3 0.2 1.7 V V SYNC/Mode, Clock Thresholds (Note 5) Rising, VIN = 24V Falling, VIN = 24V l l 0.4 1.3 0.8 1.7 V V fSYNC/fOSC Allowed Ratio RT = 84.5k 0.95 1 1.25 kHz/kHz SYNC Pin Current SYNC = 2V SYNC = 0V, Current Out of Pin 10 10 25 25 µA µA 2 2.7 A Switch Maximum Switch Current Limit Threshold l 1.5 Switch Overcurrent Threshold Discharges SS Pin 3 Switch RDS(ON) ISW = 0.5A 700 Switch Leakage Current VSW = 150V 0.1 A mΩ 1 µA Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 3 LT8365 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 12V, EN/UVLO = 12V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS EN/UVLO Logic EN/UVLO Pin Threshold (Rising) Start Switching l 1.576 1.68 1.90 V EN/UVLO Pin Threshold (Falling) Stop Switching l 1.545 1.6 1.645 V EN/UVLO Pin Current VEN/UVLO = 1.6V l –50 50 nA Soft-Start Soft-Start Charge Current SS = 0.5V 2 µA Soft-Start Pull-Down Resistance Fault Condition, SS = 0.1V 220 Ω Error Amplifier Transconductance FBX = 1.6V FBX = –0.8V 75 60 µA/V µA/V Error Amplifier Voltage Gain FBX = 1.6V FBX = –0.8V 185 145 V/V V/V Error Amplifier Max Source Current VC = 1.1V, Current Out of Pin 7 µA Error Amplifier Max Sink Current VC = 1.1V 7 µA Error Amplifier Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: INTVCC cannot be externally driven. No additional components or loading is allowed on this pin. Note 3: The LT8365E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 125°C junction temperature. Specifications over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LT8365J and the LT8365H are guaranteed over the full –40°C to 150°C operating junction temperature range. 4 Note 4: The IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed 150°C when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature will reduce lifetime. Note 5: For SYNC/MODE inputs required to select modes of operation see the Pin Functions and Applications Information sections. Note 6: The IC is tested in a Boost converter configuration with the output voltage programmed for 24V. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FBX Positive Regulation Voltage vs Temperature –0.780 1.624 –0.785 1.616 –0.790 1.608 1.600 1.592 –0.800 –0.805 1.576 –0.815 1.568 –50 –25 –0.820 –50 –25 416 416 412 412 404 400 396 392 388 384 404 400 396 392 388 8365 G04 1.58 8365 G03 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 VIN (V) 2.4 140 2.3 130 1.9 1.8 120 110 100 90 80 1.7 70 1.6 60 80 100 VIN = 12V 100 75 50 25 0 –0.8 –0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 VOLTAGE (V) 50 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 8365 G08 8365 G07 1.2 1.6 Off-Time Switch Minimum Off–Time vs Temperature MINIMUM OFF TIME (ns) 150 MINIMUM ON TIME (ns) 2.5 2.0 125 8365 G06 Switch Minimum On-Time vs Temperature 2.1 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 8365 G05 Switch Current Limit vs Duty Cycle 2.2 EN/UVLO FALLING (TURN–OFF) 1.60 Normalized Switching Frequency vs FBX Voltage 408 380 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 40 60 DUTY CYCLE (%) 1.62 1.54 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 384 20 1.64 NORMALIZED SWITCHING FREQUENCY (%) 420 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 420 0 1.66 Switching Frequency vs VIN 408 EN/UVLO RISING (TURN–ON) 1.68 8365 G02 Switching Frequency vs Temperature 380 –50 –25 1.70 1.56 8365 G01 SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A) 1.72 –0.795 –0.810 1.5 1.74 VIN = 12V 1.584 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) EN/UVLO Pin Thresholds vs Temperature EN/UVLO PIN VOLTAGE (V) VIN = 12V FBX VOLTAGE (V) FBX VOLTAGE (V) 1.632 FBX Negative Regulation Voltage vs Temperature 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 8365 G09 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 5 LT8365 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN Pin Current (Active Mode, Not Switching, Bias = 0V) vs Temperature VIN Pin Current (Sleep Mode, Not Switching) vs Temperature 30 2.0 VIN = 12V 1.8 VBIAS = 0V V = FLOAT 1.6 SYNC_MODE VIN PIN CURRENT (mA) VIN PIN CURRENT (µA) VIN = 12V 27 V BIAS = 0V 24 VSYNC_MODE = 0V 21 18 15 12 9 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 6 0.4 3 0.2 0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 –50 –25 8365 G10 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 8365 G11 VIN Pin Current (Active Mode, Not Switching, Bias = 5V) vs Temperature Switching Waveforms (in DCM) 50 VIN PIN CURRENT (µA) VIN = 12V 46 VBIAS = 5V VSYNC_MODE = FLOAT 42 IL 500mA/DIV 38 34 30 26 VSW 50V/DIV 22 18 1µs/DIV 14 10 –50 –25 8365 G13 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 8365 G12 6 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 PIN FUNCTIONS EN/UVLO: Shutdown and Undervoltage Detect Pin. The LT8365 is shut down when this pin is low and active when this pin is high. Below an accurate 1.6V threshold, the part enters undervoltage lockout and stops switching. This allows an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold to be programmed for system input voltage by resistively dividing down system input voltage to the EN/UVLO pin. An 80mV pin hysteresis ensures part switching resumes when the pin exceeds 1.68V. EN/UVLO pin voltage below 0.2V reduces VIN current below 1µA. If shutdown and UVLO features are not required, the pin can be tied directly to system input. RT: A resistor from this pin to the exposed pad GND copper (near FBX) programs switching frequency. VIN: Input Supply. This pin must be locally bypassed. Be sure to place the positive terminal of the input capacitor as close as possible to the VIN pin, and the negative terminal as close as possible to the exposed pad PGND copper (near EN/UVLO). INTVCC: Regulated 3.8V Supply for Internal Loads. The INTVCC pin must be bypassed with a 1µF low ESR ceramic capacitor to GND. No additional components or loading is allowed on this pin. INTVCC draws power from the BIAS pin if 4.4V ≤ BIAS ≤ VIN, otherwise INTVCC is powered by the VIN pin. NC: No Internal Connection. Leave this pin open. BIAS: Second Input Supply for Powering INTVCC. Removes the majority of INTVCC current from the VIN pin to improve efficiency when 4.4V ≤ BIAS ≤ VIN. If unused, tie the pin to GND. VC: Error Amplifier Output Pin. Tie external compensation network to this pin. FBX: Voltage Regulation Feedback Pin for Positive or Negative Outputs. Connect this pin to a resistor divider between the output and the exposed pad GND copper (near FBX). FBX reduces the switching frequency during start-up and fault conditions when FBX is close to 0V. SS: Soft-Start Pin. Connect a capacitor from this pin to GND copper (near FBX) to control the ramp rate of inductor current during converter start-up. SS pin charging current is 2μA. An internal 220Ω MOSFET discharges this pin during shutdown or fault conditions. SYNC/MODE: This pin allows five selectable modes for optimization of performance. SYNC/MODE PIN INPUT CAPABLE MODE(S) OF OPERATION (1) GND or 1.7V Pulse-Skipping/SSFM where the selectable modes of operation are: Burst = low IQ, low output ripple operation at light loads Pulse-skipping= skipped pulse(s) at light load (aligned to clock) Sync = switching frequency synchronized to external clock SSFM = Spread Spectrum Frequency Modulation for low EMI. SW1, SW2 (SW): Output of the Internal Power Switch. Minimize the metal trace area connected to these pins to reduce EMI. PGND,GND: Power Ground and Signal Ground for the IC. The package has an exposed pad underneath the IC which is the best path for heat out of the package. The pin should be soldered to a continuous copper ground plane under the device to reduce die temperature and increase the power capability of the LT8365. Connect power ground components to the exposed pad copper exiting near the EN/ UVLO and SW pins. Connect signal ground components to the exposed pad copper exiting near the VC and FBX pins. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 7 LT8365 BLOCK DIAGRAM L VIN VOUT R3 OPT R4 OPT COUT CIN SW EN/UVLO VIN VBIAS (+) VBIAS – 2V(–) INTERNAL REFERENCE UVLO + SW1 + + – – SW2 BIAS 4.4V(+) 4.0V(–) 1.68V(+) 1.6V(–) A6 UVLO D – TJ > 170°C 3.8V REGULATOR INTVCC INTVCC UVLO SYNC/MODE CVCC RT OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY FOLDBACK ERROR AMP SELECT FBX 1.6V BURST DETECT ERROR AMP + – A1 – + R2 A7 A5 PWM COMPARATOR ERROR AMP OVERCURRENT – + M1 DRIVER A2 – A3 ISS 2μA UVLO OVERCURRENT M2 Q1 + SLOPE RSENSE A4 – SS MAX ILIMIT + –0.8V 1.5× MAX ILIMIT + VOUT R1 SWITCH LOGIC SLOPE – R5 PGND/GND VC 8365 BD CSS RC CC 8 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 OPERATION The LT8365 uses a fixed frequency, current mode control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. Operation can be best understood by referring to the Block Diagram. An oscillator (with frequency programmed by a resistor at the RT pin) turns on the internal power switch at the beginning of each clock cycle. Current in the inductor then increases until the current comparator trips and turns off the power switch. The peak inductor current at which the switch turns off is controlled by the voltage on the VC pin. The error amplifier servos the VC pin by comparing the voltage on the FBX pin with an internal reference voltage (1.60V or –0.80V, depending on the chosen topology). When the load current increases it causes a reduction in the FBX pin voltage relative to the internal reference. This causes the error amplifier to increase the VC pin voltage until the new load current is satisfied. In this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak switch current level to keep the output in regulation. The LT8365 is capable of generating either a positive or negative output voltage with a single FBX pin. It can be configured as a boost or SEPIC converter to generate a positive output voltage, or as an inverting converter to generate a negative output voltage. When configured as a Boost converter, as shown in the Block Diagram, the FBX pin is pulled up to the internal bias voltage of 1.60V by a voltage divider (R1 and R2) connected from VOUT to GND. Amplifier A2 becomes inactive and amplifier A1 performs (inverting) amplification from FBX to VC. When the LT8365 is in an inverting configuration, the FBX pin is pulled down to –0.80V by a voltage divider from VOUT to GND. Amplifier A1 becomes inactive and amplifier A2 performs (non-inverting) amplification from FBX to VC. If the EN/UVLO pin voltage is below 1.6V, the LT8365 enters undervoltage lockout (UVLO), and stops switching. When the EN/UVLO pin voltage is above 1.68V (typical), the LT8365 resumes switching. If the EN/UVLO pin voltage is below 0.2V, the LT8365 draws less than 1µA from VIN. For the SYNC/MODE pin tied to ground or 1.7V, the LT8365 uses pulse-skipping mode and performs Spread-Spectrum Modulation of switching frequency. For the SYNC/MODE pin driven by an external clock, the converter switching frequency is synchronized to that clock and pulse-skipping mode is also enabled. See the Pin Functions section for SYNC/MODE pin. The LT8365 includes a BIAS pin to improve efficiency across all loads. The LT8365 intelligently chooses between the VIN and BIAS pins to supply the INTVCC for best efficiency. The INTVCC supply current can be drawn from the BIAS pin instead of the VIN pin for 4.4V ≤ BIAS ≤ VIN. Protection features ensure the immediate disable of switching and reset of the SS pin for any of the following faults: internal reference UVLO, INTVCC UVLO, switch current > 1.5× maximum limit, EN/UVLO < 1.6V or junction temperature > 170°C. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 9 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ACHIEVING ULTRALOW QUIESCENT CURRENT To enhance efficiency at light loads the LT8365 uses a low ripple Burst Mode architecture. This keeps the output capacitor charged to the desired output voltage while minimizing the input quiescent current and output ripple. In Burst Mode operation, the LT8365 delivers single small pulses of current to the output capacitor followed by sleep periods where the output power is supplied by the output capacitor. While in sleep mode, the LT8365 consumes only 9µA. As the output load decreases, the frequency of single current pulses decreases (see Figure 1) and the percentage of time the LT8365 is in sleep mode increases, resulting in much higher light load efficiency than for typical converters. To optimize the quiescent current performance at light loads, the current in the feedback resistor divider must be minimized as it appears to the output as load current. In addition, all possible leakage currents from the output should also be minimized as they all add to the equivalent output load. The largest contributor to leakage current can be due to the reverse biased leakage of the Schottky diode (see Diode Selection in the Applications Information section). While in Burst Mode operation, the current limit of the switch is approximately 325mA resulting in the output voltage ripple shown in Figure 2. Increasing the output capacitance will decrease the output ripple proportionally. As the output load ramps upward from zero the switching frequency will increase but only up to the fixed frequency defined by the resistor at the SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 600 VOUT 20mA/DIV 2µs/DIV 8365 F02 Figure 2. Burst Mode Operation RT pin as shown in Figure 1. The output load at which the LT8365 reaches the fixed frequency varies based on input voltage, output voltage, and inductor choice. PROGRAMMING INPUT TURN-ON AND TURN-OFF THRESHOLDS WITH EN/UVLO PIN The EN/UVLO pin voltage controls whether the LT8365 is enabled or is in a shutdown state. A 1.6V reference and a comparator A6 with built-in hysteresis (typical 80mV) allow the user to accurately program the system input voltage at which the IC turns on and off (see the Block Diagram). The typical input falling and rising threshold voltages can be calculated by the following equations: R3 + R4 R4 R3 + R4 = 1.68 • R4 VIN(FALLING,UVLO(–)) = 1.60 • VIN(RISING, UVLO(+)) VIN current is reduced below 1µA when the EN/UVLO pin voltage is less than 0.2V. The EN/UVLO pin can be connected directly to the input supply VIN for always-enabled operation. A logic input can also control the EN/UVLO pin. When operating in Burst Mode operation for light load currents, the current through the R3 and R4 network can easily be greater than the supply current consumed by the LT8365. Therefore, R3 and R4 should be large enough to minimize their effect on efficiency at light loads. 400 200 0 IL1+ IL2 100mA/DIV VIN = 50V, VOUT = 100V, BOOST 0 10 20 30 40 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 50 8365 F01 Figure 1. Burst Frequency vs Load Current 10 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION INTVCC REGULATOR Synchronization and Mode Selection A low dropout (LDO) linear regulator, supplied from VIN, produces a 3.2V supply at the INTVCC pin. A minimum 1µF low ESR ceramic capacitor must be used to bypass the INTVCC pin to ground to supply the high transient currents required by the internal power MOSFET gate driver. To select low ripple Burst Mode operation, for high efficiency at light loads, tie the SYNC/MODE pin below 0.14V (this can be ground or a logic low output). No additional components or loading is allowed on this pin. The INTVCC rising threshold (to allow soft-start and switching) is typically 2.65V. The INTVCC falling threshold (to stop switching and reset soft-start) is typically 2.5V. To improve efficiency across all loads, the majority of INTVCC current can be drawn from the BIAS pin (4.4V ≤ BIAS ≤ VIN) instead of the VIN pin. For SEPIC applications with VIN often greater than VOUT, the BIAS pin can be directly connected to VOUT. If the BIAS pin is connected to a supply other than VOUT, be sure to bypass the pin with a local ceramic capacitor. Programming Switching Frequency The LT8365 uses a constant frequency PWM architecture that can be programmed to switch from 100kHz to 500kHz by using a resistor tied from the RT pin to ground. A table showing the necessary RT value for a desired switching frequency is in Table 1. The RT resistor required for a desired switching frequency can be calculated using: RT = 45.2k fOSC1.009 where RT is in kΩ and fOSC is the desired switching frequency in kHz. Table 1. SW Frequency vs RT Value fOSC (kHz) RT (kΩ) 100 432 200 215 300 143 400 107 450 95.3 500 84.5 To synchronize the LT8365 oscillator to an external frequency connect a square wave (with 20% to 80% duty cycle) to the SYNC pin. The square wave amplitude should have valleys that are below 0.4V and peaks above 1.7V (up to 6V). The LT8365 will not enter Burst Mode operation at low output loads while synchronized to an external clock, but instead will pulse skip to maintain regulation. The LT8365 may be synchronized over a 100kHz to 500kHz range. The RT resistor should be chosen to set the LT8365 switching frequency equal to or below the lowest synchronization input. For example, if the synchronization signal will be 500kHz and higher, the RT should be selected for 500kHz. For some applications it is desirable for the LT8365 to operate in pulse-skipping mode, offering two major differences from Burst Mode operation. Firstly, the clock stays awake at all times and all switching cycles are aligned to the clock. Secondly, the full switching frequency is maintained at lower output load than in Burst Mode operation. These two differences come at the expense of increased quiescent current. To enable pulse-skipping mode, float the SYNC pin. To improve EMI/EMC, the LT8365 can provide spread spectrum frequency modulation (SSFM). This feature varies the clock with a triangle frequency modulation of 20%. For example, if the LT8365's frequency was programmed to switch at 500kHz, spread spectrum mode will modulate the oscillator between 500kHz and 600kHz. The 20% modulation will occur at a frequency: fOSC/256 where fOSC is the switching frequency programmed using the RT pin. The LT8365 can also be configured to operate in pulseskipping/SSFM mode by tying the SYNC/MODE pin above 1.7V. The LT8365 can also be configured for Burst Mode operation at light loads (for improved efficiency) and SSFM at heavy loads (for low EMI) by tying a 100k from the SYNC/MODE pin to GND. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 11 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION DUTY CYCLE CONSIDERATION The LT8365 minimum on-time, minimum off-time and switching frequency (fOSC) define the allowable minimum and maximum duty cycles of the converter (see Minimum On-Time, Minimum Off-Time, and Switching Frequency in the Electrical Characteristics table). Minimum Allowable Duty Cycle = Minimum On-Time(MAX) • fOSC(MAX) Maximum Allowable Duty Cycle = 1 – Minimum Off-Time(MAX) • fOSC(MAX) The required switch duty cycle range for a Boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) can be calculated as: DMIN = 1 – DMAX = 1 – VIN(MAX) VOUT + VD VIN(MIN) VOUT + VD where VD is the diode forward voltage drop. If the above duty cycle calculations for a given application violate the minimum and/or maximum allowed duty cycles for the LT8365, operation in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) might provide a solution. For the same VIN and VOUT levels, operation in DCM does not demand as low a duty cycle as in CCM. DCM also allows higher duty cycle operation than CCM. The additional advantage of DCM is the removal of the limitations to inductor value and duty cycle required to avoid sub-harmonic oscillations and the right half plane zero (RHPZ). While DCM provides these benefits, the trade-off is higher inductor peak current, lower available output power and reduced efficiency. SETTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE The output voltage is programmed with a resistor divider from the output to the FBX pin. Choose the resistor values for a positive output voltage according to: ⎛V ⎞ R1 = R2 • ⎜ OUT – 1⎟ ⎝ 1.60V ⎠ 12 Choose the resistor values for a negative output voltage according to: ⎛ |V | ⎞ R1 = R2 • ⎜ OUT – 1⎟ ⎝ 0.80V ⎠ The locations of R1 and R2 are shown in the Block Diagram. 1% resistors are recommended to maintain output voltage accuracy. Higher-value FBX divider resistors result in the lowest input quiescent current and highest light-load efficiency. FBX divider resistors R1 and R2 are usually in the range from 25k to 1M. SOFT-START The LT8365 contains several features to limit peak switch currents and output voltage (VOUT) overshoot during start-up or recovery from a fault condition. The primary purpose of these features is to prevent damage to external components or the load. High peak switch currents during start-up may occur in switching regulators. Since VOUT is far from its final value, the feedback loop is saturated and the regulator tries to charge the output capacitor as quickly as possible, resulting in large peak currents. A large surge current may cause inductor saturation or power switch failure. The LT8365 addresses this mechanism with a programmable soft-start function. As shown in the Block Diagram, the soft-start function controls the ramp of the power switch current by controlling the ramp of VC through Q1. This allows the output capacitor to be charged gradually toward its final value while limiting the start-up peak currents. Figure 3 shows the output voltage and supply current for the first page Typical Application. It can be seen that both the output voltage and supply current come up gradually. FAULT PROTECTION An inductor overcurrent fault (> 3A) and/or INTVCC undervoltage (INTVCC < 2.5V) and/or thermal lockout (TJ  >  170°C) will immediately prevent switching, will reset the SS pin and will pull down VC. Once all faults are removed, the LT8365 will soft-start VC and hence inductor peak current. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION VOUT 20V/DIV IL 200mA/DIV 10ms/DIV 8365 F03 Figure 3. Soft-Start Waveforms FREQUENCY FOLDBACK During start-up or fault conditions in which VOUT is very low, extremely small duty cycles may be required to maintain control of inductor peak current. The minimum on-time limitation of the power switch might prevent these low duty cycles from being achievable. In this scenario inductor current rise will exceed inductor current fall during each cycle, causing inductor current to “walk up” beyond the switch current limit. The LT8365 provides protection from this by folding back switching frequency whenever FBX or SS pins are close to GND (low VOUT levels or start-up). This frequency foldback provides a larger switch-off time, allowing inductor current to fall enough each cycle (see Normalized Switching Frequency vs FBX Voltage in the Typical Performance Characteristics section). THERMAL LOCKOUT If the LT8365 die temperature reaches 170°C (typical), the part will stop switching and go into thermal lockout. When the die temperature has dropped by 5°C (nominal), the part will resume switching with a soft-started inductor peak current. network is usually connected from the VC pin to GND. The Block Diagram shows the typical VC compensation network. For most applications, the capacitor should be in the range of 100pF to 10nF, and the resistor should be in the range of 5k to 100k. A small capacitor is often connected in parallel with the RC compensation network to attenuate the VC voltage ripple induced from the output voltage ripple through the internal error amplifier. The parallel capacitor usually ranges in value from 2.2pF to 22pF. A practical approach to designing the compensation network is to start with one of the circuits in this data sheet that is similar to your application, and tune the compensation network to optimize the performance. Stability should then be checked across all operating conditions, including load current, input voltage and temperature. Application Note 76 is a good reference. THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Care should be taken in the layout of the PCB to ensure good heat sinking of the LT8365. Both packages have an exposed pad underneath the IC which is the best path for heat out of the package. The exposed pad should be soldered to a continuous copper ground plane under the device to reduce die temperature and increase the power capability of the LT8365. The ground plane should be connected to large copper layers to spread heat dissipated by the LT8365. Power dissipation within the LT8365 (PDISS_LT8365) can be estimated by subtracting the inductor and Schottky diode power losses from the total power losses calculated in an efficiency measurement. The junction temperature of LT8365 can then be estimated by: TJ(LT8365) = TA + θ JA • PDISS_LT8365 APPLICATION CIRCUITS COMPENSATION Loop compensation determines the stability and transient performance. The LT8365 uses current mode control to regulate the output which simplifies loop compensation. The optimum values depend on the converter topology, the component values and the operating conditions (including the input voltage, load current, etc.). To compensate the feedback loop of the LT8365, a series resistor-capacitor The LT8365 can be configured for different topologies. The first topology to be analyzed will be the boost converter, followed by the SEPIC and inverting converters. Boost Converter: Switch Duty Cycle The LT8365 can be configured as a boost converter for the applications where the converter output voltage is higher than the input voltage. Remember that boost converters are Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 13 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION not short-circuit protected. Under a shorted output condition, the inductor current is limited only by the input supply capability. For applications requiring a step-up converter that is short-circuit protected, please refer to the Applications Information section covering SEPIC converters. The conversion ratio as a function of duty cycle is: VOUT 1 = VIN 1− D in continuous conduction mode (CCM). For a boost converter operating in CCM, the duty cycle of the main switch can be calculated based on the output voltage (VOUT) and the input voltage (VIN). The maximum duty cycle (DMAX) occurs when the converter has the minimum input voltage: DMAX = VOUT − VIN(MIN) VOUT Discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) provides higher conversion ratios at a given frequency at the cost of reduced efficiencies, higher switching currents, and lower available output power. Boost Converter: Maximum Output Current Capability and Inductor Selection For the boost topology, the maximum average inductor current is: I L(MAX)(AVG) = IO(MAX) • 1 1 • 1 − DMAX η where η (< 1.0) is the converter efficiency. Due to the current limit of its internal power switch, the LT8365 should be used in a boost converter whose maximum output current (IO(MAX)) is: I O(MAX) ≤ VIN(MIN) VOUT • (1.5A − 0.5 • ΔISW ) • η output current capability. Choosing smaller values of ∆ISW increases output current capability, but requires large inductances and reduces the current loop gain (the converter will approach voltage mode). Accepting larger values of ∆ISW provides fast transient response and allows the use of low inductances, but results in higher input current ripple and greater core losses, and reduces output current capability. It is recommended to choose a ∆ISW of approximately 0.60A. Given an operating input voltage range, and having chosen the operating frequency and ripple current in the inductor, the inductor value of the boost converter can be determined using the following equation: L = VIN(MIN) ΔISW • fOSC • DMAX The peak inductor current is the switch current limit (maximum 2.7A), and the RMS inductor current is approximately equal to IL(MAX)(AVG). Choose an inductor that can handle at least 2.7A without saturating, and ensure that the inductor has a low DCR (copper-wire resistance) to minimize I2R power losses. Note that in some applications, the current handling requirements of the inductor can be lower, such as in the SEPIC topology where each inductor only carries one-half of the total switch current. For better efficiency, use similar valued inductors with a larger volume. Many different sizes and shapes are available from various manufacturers (see Table 2). Choose a core material that has low losses at the programmed switching frequency, such as a ferrite core. The final value chosen for the inductor should not allow peak inductor currents to exceed 1.5A in steady state at maximum load. Due to tolerances, be sure to account for minimum possible inductance value, switching frequency and converter efficiency. For inductor current operation in CCM and duty cycles above 50%, the LT8365's internal slope compensation prevents sub-harmonic oscillations provided the inductor value exceeds a minimum value given by: (2 • D – 1) (1– D) Minimum possible inductor value and switching frequency should also be considered since they will increase inductor ripple current ∆ISW. The inductor ripple current ∆ISW has a direct effect on the choice of the inductor value and the converter’s maximum Lower L values are allowed if the inductor current operates in DCM or duty cycle operation is below 50%. 14 L> VIN ( –5 • D + 10 • D – 1) • (fOSC ) For more information www.analog.com 2 • Rev. A LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION tON Table 2. Inductor Manufacturers Sumida (847) 956-0666 www.sumida.com TDK (847) 803-6100 www.tdk.com Murata (714) 852-2001 www.murata.com Coilcraft (847) 639-6400 www.coilcraft.com Wurth (605) 886-4385 www.we-online.com tOFF ΔVCOUT VOUT (AC) RINGING DUE TO TOTAL INDUCTANCE (BOARD + CAP) ΔVESR 8365 F04 Figure 4. The Output Ripple Waveform of a Boost Converter BOOST CONVERTER: INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION Bypass the input of the LT8365 circuit with a ceramic capacitor of X7R or X5R type placed as close as possible to the VIN and GND pins. Y5V types have poor performance over temperature and applied voltage, and should not be used. A 4.7µF to 10µF ceramic capacitor is adequate to bypass the LT8365 and will easily handle the ripple current. If the input power source has high impedance, or there is significant inductance due to long wires or cables, additional bulk capacitance may be necessary. This can be provided with a low performance electrolytic capacitor. A precaution regarding the ceramic input capacitor concerns the maximum input voltage rating of the LT8365. A ceramic input capacitor combined with trace or cable inductance forms a high quality (under damped) tank circuit. If the LT8365 circuit is plugged into a live supply, the input voltage can ring to twice its nominal value, possibly exceeding the LT8365’s voltage rating. This situation is easily avoided (see Application Note 88). BOOST CONVERTER: OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION Low ESR (equivalent series resistance) capacitors should be used at the output to minimize the output ripple voltage. Multilayer ceramic capacitors are an excellent choice, as they are small and have extremely low ESR. Use X5R or X7R types. This choice will provide low output ripple and good transient response. A 4.7µF to 47µF output capacitor is sufficient for most applications, but systems with very low output currents may need only a 1µF or 2.2µF output capacitor. Solid tantalum or OS-CON capacitor can be used, but they will occupy more board area than a ceramic and will have a higher ESR. Always use a capacitor with a sufficient voltage rating. For High-Voltage DCM applications, smaller output capacitor values may be sufficient. Contributions of ESR (equivalent series resistance), ESL (equivalent series inductance) and the bulk capacitance must be considered when choosing the correct output capacitors for a given output ripple voltage. The effect of these three parameters (ESR, ESL and bulk C) on the output voltage ripple waveform for a typical boost converter is illustrated in Figure 4. The choice of component(s) begins with the maximum acceptable ripple voltage (expressed as a percentage of the output voltage), and how this ripple should be divided between the ESR step ∆VESR and the charging/discharging ∆VCOUT. For the purpose of simplicity, we will choose 2% for the maximum output ripple, to be divided equally between ∆VESR and ∆VCOUT. This percentage ripple will change, depending on the requirements of the application, and the following equations can easily be modified. For a 1% contribution to the total ripple voltage, the ESR of the output capacitor can be determined using the following equation: ESRCOUT ≤ 0.01 • VOUT ID(PEAK) For the bulk C component, which also contributes 1% to the total ripple: COUT ≥ IO(MAX) 0.01 • VOUT • fOSC The output capacitor in a boost regulator experiences high RMS ripple currents, as shown in Figure 4. The RMS ripple current rating of the output capacitor can be determined using the following equation: IRMS(COUT) ≥ IO(MAX) • DMAX 1 − DMAX Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 15 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Multiple capacitors are often paralleled to meet ESR requirements. Typically, once the ESR requirement is satisfied, the capacitance is adequate for filtering and has the required RMS current rating. Additional ceramic capacitors in parallel are commonly used to reduce the effect of parasitic inductance in the output capacitor, which reduces high frequency switching noise on the converter output. CERAMIC CAPACITORS Ceramic capacitors are small, robust and have very low ESR. However, ceramic capacitors can cause problems when used with the LT8365 due to their piezoelectric nature. When in Burst Mode operation, the LT8365’s switching frequency depends on the load current, and at very light loads the LT8365 can excite the ceramic capacitor at audio frequencies, generating audible noise. Since the LT8365 operates at a lower current limit during Burst Mode operation, the noise is typically very quiet to a casual ear. If this is unacceptable, use a high performance tantalum or electrolytic capacitor at the output. Low noise ceramic capacitors are also available. VIN Table 3. Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers Taiyo Yuden (408) 573-4150 www.t-yuden.com AVX (803) 448-9411 www.avxcorp.com Murata (714) 852-2001 www.murata.com BOOST CONVERTER: DIODE SELECTION A Schottky diode is recommended for use with the LT8365. Low leakage Schottky diodes are necessary when low quiescent current is desired at low loads. The diode leakage appears as an equivalent load at the output and should be minimized. Choose Schottky diodes with sufficient reverse voltage ratings for the target applications. Table 4. Recommended Schottky Diodes PART NUMBER AVERAGE FORWARD REVERSE REVERSE CURRENT VOLTAGE CURRENT (A) (V) (µA) MANUFACTURER DFLS1150 1 150 2 Diodes, Inc. RB068L150TE25 2 150 3 ROHM DFLS2100 2 100 1 Diodes, Inc. VOUT PGND SW ° 1 EN SW1 16 PGND SW2 14 SW 3 VIN 5 INTVCC SYNC 12 6 NC SS 11 7 BIAS GND 8 VC RT 10 FBX 9 VOUT ° 8365 F05 Figure 5. Suggested Boost Converter Layout 16 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION BOOST CONVERTER: LAYOUT HINTS The high speed operation of the LT8365 demands careful attention to board layout. Careless layout will result in performance degradation. Figure 5 shows the recommended component placement for a boost converter. Note the vias under the exposed pad. These should connect to a local ground plane for better thermal performance. SEPIC CONVERTER APPLICATIONS The LT8365 can be configured as a SEPIC (single-ended primary inductance converter), as shown in Figure 6. This topology allows for the input to be higher, equal, or lower than the desired output voltage. The conversion ratio as a function of duty cycle is: CDC L1 D1 VIN VOUT CIN L2 VIN DMAX = VOUT + VD VIN(MIN) + VOUT + VD Conversely, the minimum duty cycle (DMIN) occurs when the converter operates at the maximum input voltage: DMIN = VOUT + VD VIN(MAX) + VOUT + VD Be sure to check that DMAX and DMIN obey: DMAX < 1 – Minimum Off-Time(MAX) • fOSC(MAX) and DMIN > Minimum On-Time(MAX) • fOSC(MAX) where Minimum Off-Time, Minimum On-Time and fOSC are specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. in continuous conduction mode (CCM). COUT SW LT8365 EN/UVLO INTVCC VOUT + VD D = VIN 1− D The maximum duty cycle (DMAX) occurs when the converter operates at the minimum input voltage: SEPIC Converter: The Maximum Output Current Capability and Inductor Selection As shown in Figure 6, the SEPIC converter contains two inductors: L1 and L2. L1 and L2 can be independent, but can also be wound on the same core, since identical voltages are applied to L1 and L2 throughout the switching cycle. For the SEPIC topology, the current through L1 is the converter input current. Based on the fact that, ideally, the output power is equal to the input power, the maximum average inductor currents of L1 and L2 are: FBX GND 8365 F06 IL1(MAX)(AVG) = IIN(MAX)(AVG) = IO(MAX) • Figure 6. LT8365 Configured in a SEPIC Topology In a SEPIC converter, no DC path exists between the input and output. This is an advantage over the boost converter for applications requiring the output to be disconnected from the input source when the circuit is in shutdown. SEPIC Converter: Switch Duty Cycle and Frequency For a SEPIC converter operating in CCM, the duty cycle of the main switch can be calculated based on the output voltage (VOUT), the input voltage (VIN) and the diode forward voltage (VD). DMAX 1 − DMAX IL2(MAX)(AVG) = IO(MAX) In a SEPIC converter, the switch current is equal to IL1 + IL2 when the power switch is on, therefore, the maximum average switch current is defined as: ISW(MAX)(AVG) = IL1(MAX)(AVG) + IL2(MAX)(AVG) = IO(MAX) • 1 1 − DMAX Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 17 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION and the peak switch current is: ⎛ χ ⎞ 1 ISW(PEAK) = ⎜1 + ⎟ • IO(MAX) • ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 − DMAX The variable c in the preceding equations represents the percentage peak-to-peak ripple current in the switch, relative to ISW(MAX)(AVG), as shown in Figure 7. Then, the switch ripple current ∆ISW can be calculated by: ∆ISW = χ • ISW(MAX)(AVG) The inductor ripple currents ∆IL1 and ∆IL2 are identical: ∆IL1 = ∆IL2 = 0.5 • ∆ISW ΔISW = χ • ISW(MAX)(AVG) VIN(MIN) 0.5 • ΔISW • fOSC • DMAX For most SEPIC applications, the equal inductor values will fall in the range of 2.2µH to 100µH. By making L1 = L2, and winding them on the same core, the value of inductance in the preceding equation is replaced by 2L, due to mutual inductance: VIN(MIN) ΔISW • fOSC • DMAX This maintains the same ripple current and energy storage in the inductors. The peak inductor currents are: ISW(MAX)(AVG) t DTS TS 8365 F07 Figure 7. The Switch Current Waveform of the SEPIC Converter The inductor ripple current has a direct effect on the choice of the inductor value. Choosing smaller values of ∆IL requires large inductances and reduces the current loop gain (the converter will approach voltage mode). Accepting larger values of ∆IL allows the use of low inductances, but results in higher input current ripple and greater core losses. It is recommended that c falls in the range of 0.5 to 0.8. Due to the current limit of its internal power switch, the LT8365 should be used in a SEPIC converter whose maximum output current (IO(MAX)) is: IO(MAX) < (1 – DMAX ) • (1.5A – 0.5 • ∆ISW ) • η where η (< 1.0) is the converter efficiency. Minimum possible inductor value and switching frequency should also be considered since they will increase inductor ripple current ∆ISW. 18 L1 = L2 = L= ISW Given an operating input voltage range, and having chosen ripple current in the inductor, the inductor value (L1 and L2 are independent) of the SEPIC converter can be determined using the following equation: IL1(PEAK) = IL1(MAX) + 0.5 • ∆IL1 IL2(PEAK) = IL2(MAX) + 0.5 • ∆IL2 The maximum RMS inductor currents are approximately equal to the maximum average inductor currents. Based on the preceding equations, the user should choose the inductors having sufficient saturation and RMS current ratings. Similar to Boost converters, the SEPIC converter also needs slope compensation to prevent subharmonic oscillations while operating in CCM. The equation presented in the Boost Converter section defines the minimum inductance value to avoid sub-harmonic oscillations when coupled inductors are used. For uncoupled inductors, the minimum inductance requirement is doubled. SEPIC Converter: Output Diode Selection To maximize efficiency, a fast switching diode with a low forward drop and low reverse leakage is desirable. The average forward current in normal operation is equal to the output current. Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION It is recommended that the peak repetitive reverse voltage rating VRRM is higher than VOUT + VIN(MAX) by a safety margin (a 10V safety margin is usually sufficient). CDC L1 VIN + + L2 – – CIN COUT SW The power dissipated by the diode is: LT8365 PD = IO(MAX) • VD D1 + GND where VD is diode’s forward voltage drop, and the diode junction temperature is: VOUT + 8365 F10 Figure 8. A Simplified Inverting Converter TJ = TA + PD • RθJA Inverting Converter: Switch Duty Cycle and Frequency The RθJA used in this equation normally includes the RθJC for the device, plus the thermal resistance from the board, to the ambient temperature in the enclosure. TJ must not exceed the diode maximum junction temperature rating. For an inverting converter operating in CCM, the duty cycle of the main switch can be calculated based on the negative output voltage (VOUT) and the input voltage (VIN). SEPIC Converter: Output and Input Capacitor Selection The selections of the output and input capacitors of the SEPIC converter are similar to those of the boost converter. SEPIC Converter: Selecting the DC Coupling Capacitor The DC voltage rating of the DC coupling capacitor (CDC, as shown in Figure 6) should be larger than the maximum input voltage: VCDC > VIN(MAX) CDC has nearly a rectangular current waveform. During the switch off-time, the current through CDC is IIN, while approximately –IO flows during the on-time. The RMS rating of the coupling capacitor is determined by the following equation: IRMS(CDC) > IO(MAX) • VOUT + VD VIN(MIN) A low ESR and ESL, X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor works well for CDC. INVERTING CONVERTER APPLICATIONS The LT8365 can be configured as a dual-inductor inverting topology, as shown in Figure 8. The VOUT to VIN ratio is: The maximum duty cycle (DMAX) occurs when the converter has the minimum input voltage: DMAX = VOUT VOUT + VD + VD + VIN(MIN) Conversely, the minimum duty cycle (DMIN) occurs when the converter operates at the maximum input voltage : DMIN = VOUT VOUT + VD + VD + VIN(MAX) Be sure to check that DMAX and DMIN obey : DMAX < 1 – Minimum Off-Time(MAX) • fOSC(MAX) and D > Minimum On-Time •f (MAX) OSC(MAX) MIN where Minimum Off-Time, Minimum On-Time and fOSC are specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. Inverting Converter: Inductor, Output Diode and Input Capacitor Selections The selections of the inductor, output diode and input capacitor of an inverting converter are similar to those of the SEPIC converter. Please refer to the corresponding SEPIC Converter sections. VOUT + VD D = VIN 1− D in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 19 LT8365 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Inverting Converter: Output Capacitor Selection The RMS ripple current rating of the output capacitor needs to be greater than: The inverting converter requires much smaller output capacitors than those of the boost, flyback and SEPIC converters for similar output ripples. This is due to the fact that, in the inverting converter, the inductor L2 is in series with the output, and the ripple current flowing through the output capacitors are continuous. The output ripple voltage is produced by the ripple current of L2 flowing through the ESR and bulk capacitance of the output capacitor: ⎛ ⎞ 1 ⎟ ΔVOUT(P–P) = ΔIL2 • ⎜⎜ESRCOUT + ⎟ 8 • f • C OSC OUT ⎝ ⎠ IRMS(COUT) > 0.3 • ∆IL2 Inverting Converter: Selecting the DC Coupling Capacitor The DC voltage rating of the DC coupling capacitor (CDC, as shown in Figure 8) should be larger than the maximum input voltage minus the output voltage (negative voltage): VCDC > VIN(MAX) + VOUT CDC has nearly a rectangular current waveform. During the switch off-time, the current through CDC is IIN, while approximately –IO flows during the on-time. The RMS rating of the coupling capacitor is determined by the following equation: After specifying the maximum output ripple, the user can select the output capacitors according to the preceding equation. The ESR can be minimized by using high quality X5R or X7R dielectric ceramic capacitors. In many applications, ceramic capacitors are sufficient to limit the output voltage ripple. DMAX 1 − DMAX IRMS(CDC) > IO(MAX) • A low ESR and ESL, X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor works well for CDC. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, –250V Output Inverting Converter C9 0.1µF D4 R6 20Ω D3 C1 10µF C7 0.22µF R5 D1 20Ω SW R1 1MΩ EN/UVLO LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT R4 107k FBX VOUT BIAS INTVCC SS GND C2 0.22µF VC R3 84.5k 90 80 C5 0.22µF D2 VIN Efficiency Efficiency 100 R2 3.24k C4 1µF EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 9V TO 30V C6 0.1µF L1 10µH VOUT –250V 10mA 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 C3 1nF 8365 TA03a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 9 10 11 8365 TA03b D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C6, C9: 12062C104KAT2A C5, C7: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 20 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, –125V Output Inverting Converter VIN 9V TO 30V C6 0.1µF L1 10µH C1 10µF D2 R5 20Ω D1 VIN R4 1MΩ SW VOUT –125V C5 0.22µF 15mA EN/UVLO FBX LT8365 BIAS SYNC/MODE RT INTVCC SS GND VC R2 84.5k C2 0.22µF R1 107k R3 6.49k C4 1µF C3 1nF 8365 TA04a D1, D2: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C6: 12062C104KAT2A C5, C7: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, 250V Output Boost Converter C7 0.1µF D3 VOUT 250V 10mA D2 VIN 9V TO 30V L1 10µH C6 0.22µF R8 20Ω D1 C5 0.22µF C1 10µF VIN SW R6 1MΩ EN/UVLO LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT SS R3 107k FBX VOUT BIAS INTVCC GND C2 0.22µF VC R4 84.5k R5 6.49k C4 1µF C3 1nF 8365TA05a D1, D2, D3: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C7: 12062C104KAT2A C5, C6: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 21 LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, 125V Output Boost Converter L1 10µH VIN 9V TO 30V D1 C1 10µF VIN C5 0.22µF R4 1M SW VOUT 125V 20mA EN/UVLO FBX LT8365 BIAS SYNC/MODE RT INTVCC SS GND VC R2 84.5k C2 0.22µF R1 107k R3 12.7k C4 1µF C3 1nF 8365 TA06a D1: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C5: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 400kHz, 4.5V to 60V Input, 48V Output SEPIC Converter L1 47µH C1 10µF VIN D1 L2 47µH SW C5 10µF EN/UVLO LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT R4 107k GND C2 10nF Efficiency Efficiency 100 90 80 FBX BIAS VOUT INTVCC SS VOUT 48V 200mA at VIN = 12V R1 250mA at VIN = 24V 1MΩ 300mA at V = 48V IN VC R3 33k R2 34.8k C4 1µF C3 6.8nF EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 4.5V TO 60V C6 1µF 70 60 50 40 30 VIN = 12V VIN = 24V VIN = 48V 20 8365 TA07a D1: DIODES INC. DFLS2100 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-DD 744873470 C5: MURATA GRM32ER71H106KA12L 10 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 LOAD CURRENT (A) 8365 TA07b 22 Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, 420V Output Boost Converter C3 0.1µF D5 VOUT 420V 4mA D4 C2 0.1µF C4 0.22µF R2 20Ω D3 D2 L1 10µH VIN 9V TO 30V C1 10µF VIN C5 0.22µF R1 20Ω D1 C6 0.22µF SW R3 1MΩ EN/UVLO FBX LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT INTVCC SS GND VC R4 3.83k C7 1µF R5 84.5k C8 1nF C9 0.22µF R6 107k VOUT BIAS 8365 TA08a D1, D2, D3, D4, D5: DIODES INC. DFLS1200 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C2, C3: 12062C104KAT2A C4, C5, C6: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 400kHz, 9V to 30V Input, –420V Output Boost Converter C10 0.1µF C9 0.1µF VIN 9V TO 30V C6 0.1µF L1 10µH C1 10µF VIN D1 D4 R5 20Ω RT SS R4 107k R7 20Ω VOUT –420V 4mA C8 0.22µF C7 0.22µF D3 C5 0.22µF R1 1MΩ EN/UVLO SYNC/MODE D5 D2 SW LT8365 R6 20Ω D6 FBX VOUT BIAS INTVCC GND C2 0.22µF VC R3 84.5k C3 1nF C4 1µF R2 1.91k 8365 TA09a D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6: DIODES INC. DFLS1200 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 C6, C9, C10: 12062C104KAT2A C5, C7, C8: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 23 LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 10V to 30V Input, 210V/160V/110V Selectable, Low Output Ripple, HV Supply VIN 10V TO 30V C2 0.1µF L1 10µH C3 0.1µF R10 47Ω D1 D2 C1 10µF C4 0.22µF R1 20Ω D3 D4 VIN R3 1MΩ EN/UVLO LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT SS R9 107k FBX VOUT BIAS INTVCC GND C8 0.22µF VC R8 44.2k C6 1µF R7 27.4k C7 1.8nF D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 L2: WURTH ELEKTRONIK 74479876147 C2, C3, C9: 12062C104KAT2A C4, C5: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 24 C9 0.1µF C5 0.22µF R2 20Ω SW VOUT 15mA R6 10.7k R5 15.8k R4 31.6k 210V 160V 110V NO JUMPER = 60V 8365 TA10a Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 400kHz, 10V to 30V Input, –210V/–110V Selectable, Low Output Ripple, HV Supply C2 0.1µF L1 10µH VIN 10V TO 30V C3 0.1µF C1 10µF D1 R1 20Ω C4 0.22µF D2 D3 R2 20Ω SW R3 1MΩ EN/UVLO FBX LT8365 SS R7 107k INTVCC GND C8 0.22µF C9 0.1µF VOUT BIAS SYNC/MODE RT VOUT 15mA C5 0.22µF D4 VIN R8 47 VC R6 44.2k C6 1µF R5 7.32k C7 1.8nF D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 L2: WURTH ELEKTRONIK 74479876147 C2, C3, C9: 12062C104KAT2A C4, C5: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA R4 8.06k –210V –110V 8365 TA11a Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 25 LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Low IQ, Low EMI, 400kHz, –250V Output Inverting Converter with SSFM C10 0.1µF INPUT EMI FILTER L2 470nH VIN 12V C1 4.7µF ×2 1210 50V C11 0.1µF L1 10µH C2 10µF 50V 1206 C3 68µF 50V VIN RT R1 100k R5 1MΩ GND C4 0.22µF R2 107k VC 8365 TA12a AVERAGE CONDUCTED EMI (dBµV) PEAK CONDUCTED EMI (dBµV) Conducted EMI Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Average) 50 60 50 40 30 20 10 CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 12V INPUT TO –250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 40 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 –40 0.1 30 50 50 AVERAGE RADIATED EMI (dBµV/m) PEAK RADIATED EMI (dBµV/m) 30 8365 TA12d Radiated EMI Performance 60 40 30 20 10 CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 1k CLASS 5 AVERAGE LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 40 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 30 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 1k FREQUENCY (MHz) 12V INPUT TO –250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 26 10 Radiated EMI Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Average) (CISPR25 Class 5 Average) 60 100 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 12V INPUT TO –250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 8365 TA12b Radiated EMI Performance 30 CLASS 5 AVERAGE LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE –30 Radiated EMI (CISPR25 Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Peak) Class 5 Peak) –20 R4 3.24k C6 1µF R3 84.5k C5 1nF 70 –10 VOUT INTVCC SS 60 0 C8 1nF 500V 1206 BIAS Conducted EMI Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Peak) –20 0.1 VOUT –250V 10mA C7 0.22µF FBX 80 –10 R6 47Ω C9 0.22µF D3 EN/UVLO SYNC/MODE 0 R8 20Ω R7 20Ω D1 SW LT8365 D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 L2: WURTH ELEKTRONIK 74479876147 C3: PANASONIC EEHZC1H680P C10, C11:12062C104KAT2A C7, C9: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA C8: C1206C102KRACTU D2 D4 8365 TA12c 12V INPUT TO –250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 8365 TA12e Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Low IQ, Low EMI, 400kHz, 250V Output Boost Converter with SSFM C10 0.1µF VIN 12V D2 INPUT EMI FILTER L2 470nH C1 4.7µF ×2 1210 50V L1 10µH C2 10µF 50V 1206 C3 68µF 50V VIN D1 RT D1, D2, D3: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324100 L2: WURTH ELEKTRONIK 74479876147 C3: PANASONIC EEHZC1H680P C10, C11:12062C104KAT2A C7, C9: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA C8: C1206C102KRACTU C7 0.22µF FBX R1 107k GND VC R3 84.5k C5 1nF C4 0.22µF R2 121k AVERAGE CONDUCTED EMI (dBµV) PEAK CONDUCTED EMI (dBµV) 50 60 50 40 30 20 10 CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 10 12V INPUT TO 250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 40 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 –40 0.1 30 8365 TA13b 30 8365 TA13d Radiated EMI Performance 60 50 50 AVERAGE RADIATED EMI (dBµV/m) PEAK RADIATED EMI (dBµV/m) 10 Radiated EMI (CISPR25 Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Average) Class 5 Average) 60 40 30 20 10 0 CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 100 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 12V INPUT TO 250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON Radiated EMI Performance 30 CLASS 5 AVERAGE LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE –30 Radiated EMI (CISPR25 Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Peak)Class 5 Peak) –20 R4 6.49k C6 1µF Conducted EMI Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Average) 60 –10 VOUT 8365 TA13a 70 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) C8 1nF 500V 1206 INTVCC SS Conducted EMI Performance (CISPR25 Class 5 Peak) –20 0.1 VOUT 250V 10mA BIAS 80 –10 R5 1MΩ EN/UVLO LT8365 R6 47Ω C9 0.22µF R7 20Ω SW SYNC/MODE 0 D3 1k CLASS 5 AVERAGE LIMIT MEASURED EMISSIONS AMBIENT NOISE 40 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 30 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 1k FREQUENCY (MHz) 12V INPUT TO 250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 8365 TA13c 12V INPUT TO 250V OUTPUT AT 10mA, fSW = 400kHz, SSFM ON 8365 TA13e Rev. A For more information www.analog.com 27 LT8365 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION MSE Package Variation: MSE16 (12) 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed Exposed Die Pad (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1871 Rev D) BOTTOM VIEW OF EXPOSED PAD OPTION 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 5.10 (.201) MIN 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 (.035 ±.005) 8 1 1.651 ±0.102 (.065 ±.004) 1.651 ±0.102 3.20 – 3.45 (.065 ±.004) (.126 – .136) 16 0.305 ±0.038 (.0120 ±.0015) TYP 0.50 (.0197) 1.0 BSC (.039) BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 0.35 REF 4.039 ±0.102 (.159 ±.004) (NOTE 3) 0.12 REF DETAIL “B” CORNER TAIL IS PART OF DETAIL “B” THE LEADFRAME FEATURE. FOR REFERENCE ONLY 9 NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 0.280 ±0.076 (.011 ±.003) REF 16 14 121110 9 DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP 3.00 ±0.102 (.118 ±.004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ±0.152 (.193 ±.006) GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ±0.152 (.021 ±.006) DETAIL “A” 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 1 3 567 8 1.0 (.039) BSC 0.17 – 0.27 (.007 – .011) TYP 0.50 NOTE: (.0197) 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) BSC 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 6. EXPOSED PAD DIMENSION DOES INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH ON E-PAD SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm (.010") PER SIDE. 28 0.86 (.034) REF 0.1016 ±0.0508 (.004 ±.002) MSOP (MSE16(12)) 0213 REV D Rev. A For more information www.analog.com LT8365 REVISION HISTORY REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 09/21 Updated to AEC-Q100 Qualified for Automotive Applications. PAGE NUMBER 1 Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license For is granted implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. moreby information www.analog.com 29 LT8365 TYPICAL APPLICATION 400kHz, 3V to 6V Input, 250V Output Boost Converter C7 0.22µF D3 VOUT 250V 1.5mA D2 L1 3.3µH VIN 3V TO 6V D1 C1 4.7µF C6 0.22µF R8 20Ω D4 VIN C5 0.22µF SW R6 1MΩ EN/UVLO FBX LT8365 SYNC/MODE RT INTVCC SS R3 107k VOUT BIAS GND C2 0.22µF VC R4 84.5k C4 1µF R5 6.49k C3 1nF D1, D2, D3, D4: DIODES INC. DFLS1150 L1: WURTH ELEKTRONIK WE-PD 74437324033 C5, C6, C7: CGJ5L3X7T2D224K160AA 8365 TA02a RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT8300 100VIN Micropower Isolated Flyback Converter with 150V/260mA Switch VIN = 6V to 100V, Low IQ Monolithic No-Opto Flyback, 5-Lead TSOT‑23 LT8330 60V, 1A, Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Inverting 2MHz Converter VIN = 3V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, IQ = 6µA (Burst Mode Operation), LT8331 Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Flyback/Inverting Converter with 140V/0.5A Switch VIN = 4.5V to 100V, VOUT(MAX)=140V, IQ = 6µA (Burst Mode Operation), MSOP-16(12)E LT8361 100V, 2A, Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Inverting Converter VIN = 2.8V to 60V, VOUT(MAX)=100V, IQ = 9µA (Burst Mode Operation), MSOP-16(12)E LT8362 60V, 2A, Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Inverting Converter VIN = 2.8V to 60V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, IQ = 9µA (Burst Mode Operation), MSOP-16(12)E, 3mm × 3mm DFN-10 Packages LT8364 60V, 4A, Low IQ Boost/SEPIC/Inverting Converter VIN = 2.8V to 60V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, IQ = 9µA (Burst Mode Operation), MSOP-16(12)E, 4mm × 3mm DFN-12 Packages LT8494 70V, 2A Boost/SEPIC 1.5MHz High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converter VIN = 1V to 60V (2.5V to 32V Start-Up), VOUT(MAX) = 70V, IQ = 3µA (Burst Mode Operation), ISD =
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LT8365HMSE#TRPBF
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