CC2540DK

Bluetooth® Low Energy CC2540 Development Kit CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit User’s Guide Document Number: SWRU301A Development Kit Part Number: CC2540DK, CC2541EMK SWRU301 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. CC2540DK CONTENTS OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 5 CC2541EMK CONTENTS OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 6 GETTING STARTED WITH THE SIMPLEBLE DEMO ............................................................................... 7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 4. PRINTED COPY INCLUDED IN THE BOX WITH CC2540DK ............................................................................. 4 PRINTED COPY INCLUDED IN THE BOX WITH CC2541EMK .......................................................................... 4 INCLUDED WITH TEXAS INSTRUMENTS BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY SOFTWARE INSTALLER ................................... 4 AVAILABLE FROM BLUETOOTH SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP (SIG) .................................................................... 4 HARDWARE SETUP ............................................................................................................................... 7 POWER OPTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 7 POWER THE BOARDS ............................................................................................................................ 7 START-UP SCREEN ................................................................................................................................ 7 USING THE JOYSTICK ............................................................................................................................. 7 DEVICE DISCOVERY ............................................................................................................................... 8 ESTABLISH CONNECTION........................................................................................................................ 8 CONNECTED OPERATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 8 READ / WRITE DATA ............................................................................................................................ 8 MONITOR RSSI ................................................................................................................................... 9 CONNECTION PARAMETER UPDATE ......................................................................................................... 9 TERMINATE LINK .................................................................................................................................. 9 SIMPLEBLE DEMO SOURCE CODE ........................................................................................................... 9 USING BTOOL ................................................................................................................................. 10 4.1 USING SMARTRF05EB + CC2540EM/CC2541EM AS HOST BOARD ........................................................ 10 4.1.1 Load HostTestRelease Project on EM using SmartRF05EB .................................................... 10 4.1.2 Connect SmartRF05EB to PC.................................................................................................. 10 4.2 DETERMINING THE COM PORT ............................................................................................................ 11 4.3 STARTING THE APPLICATION ................................................................................................................. 12 4.4 CREATING A BLE CONNECTION BETWEEN CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES ............................................... 13 4.4.1 Scanning for Devices ............................................................................................................. 13 4.4.2 Selecting Connection Parameters.......................................................................................... 14 4.4.3 Establishing a Connection ..................................................................................................... 14 4.5 USING THE SIMPLE GATT PROFILE ........................................................................................................ 15 4.5.1 Reading a Characteristic Value by UUID ............................................................................... 17 4.5.2 Writing a Characteristic Value .............................................................................................. 18 4.5.3 Reading a Characteristic Value by Handle ............................................................................ 19 4.5.4 Discovering a Characteristic by UUID .................................................................................... 19 4.5.5 Reading Multiple Characteristic Values................................................................................. 20 4.5.6 Enabling Notifications ........................................................................................................... 21 4.6 USING BLE SECURITY .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.6.1 Encrypting the Connection .................................................................................................... 23 4.6.2 Using Bonding and Long-Term Keys ...................................................................................... 24 4.7 ADDITIONAL SAMPLE APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 26 5. PROGRAM / DEBUG THE CC254X .................................................................................................... 27 5.1 HARDWARE SETUP ............................................................................................................................. 27 5.2 USING SMARTRF FLASH PROGRAMMER SOFTWARE .................................................................................. 27 5.2.1 Reading or Writing a Hex File to the CC254x ......................................................................... 27 5.2.2 Reading or Writing the CC254X Device Address .................................................................... 28 6. SMARTRF™ PACKET SNIFFER ........................................................................................................... 30 7. GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 31 Page 2 of 32 SWRU301 7.1 DOCUMENT HISTORY .......................................................................................................................... 31 Page 3 of 32 SWRU301 1. References The following references provide additional information on the CC2540/41, the Texas Instruments Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) stack and the BLE specification in general. (All path and file references in this document assume that the BLE development kit software has been installed to the default path C:\Texas Instruments\BLE-CC254X-1.1B\) 1.1 Printed Copy Included in the Box with CC2540DK [1] CC2540 Development Kit Quick Start Guide (SWRU300) 1.2 Printed Copy Included in the Box with CC2541EMK [2] CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit Quick Start Guide (SWRU311) 1.3 Included with Texas Instruments Bluetooth Low Energy Software Installer (The software installer is available for download at http://www.ti.com/blestack) [3] Texas Instruments Bluetooth® Low Energy Software Developer’s Guide (SWRU271A) C:\Texas Instruments\BLE-CC254X-1.1b\Documents\TI_BLE_Software_Developer's_Guide.pdf [4] TI BLE Vendor Specific HCI Reference Guide C:\Texas Instruments\BLE-CC254X-1.1b\Documents\TI_BLE_Vendor_Specific_HCI_Guide.pdf [5] Texas Instruments BLE Sample Applications Guide (SWRU297) C:\Texas Instruments\BLE-CC254X-1.1b\Documents\TI_BLE_Sample_Applications_Guide.pdf 1.4 Available from Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) [6] Specification of the Bluetooth System, Covered Core Package version: 4.0 (30-June-2010) https://www.bluetooth.org/technical/specifications/adopted.htm Page 4 of 32 SWRU301 2. Introduction Thank you for purchasing a Texas Instruments (TI) Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) Kit. The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the hardware and software included in the CC2540 Development Kit (CC2540DK) and the add-on CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2541EMK). The information in this guide will get you up and running with the kit; however for more detailed information on BLE technology and the TI BLE protocol stack, please consult the Texas Instruments Bluetooth® Low Energy Software Developer’s Guide [3]. 2.1 CC2540DK Contents Overview The CC2540DK contains the following hardware components:  2 x SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards (SmartRF05EB)  2 x CC2540 Evaluation Modules (CC2540EM)  2 x Pulse Antennas  1 x CC2540 USB Dongle  Cables Figure 1 – CC2540DK 2.2 CC2541EMK Contents Overview The CC2541EMK contains the following hardware components:  2 x CC2541 Evaluation Modules (CC2541EM)  2 x Pulse W1010 Antennas  Cables The kit is FCC and IC certified and tested/complies with ETSI/R&TTE over temperature from 0 to +35°C. The antenna, W1010 from Pulse, is a ¼ wave dipole antenna with 2 dBi gain. Figure 2 - CC2541EMK Caution! The kit contains ESD sensitive components. Handle with care to prevent permanent damage. To minimize risk of injury, avoid touching components during operation if symbolized as hot. Page 5 of 32 SWRU301 2.3 System Requirements To use the TI BLE software, a PC running Microsoft Windows (XP or later; 32-bit support only) is required, as well as Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 (SP1) or greater. In order to check whether your system has the appropriate .NET Framework, open up the Windows Control Panel, and select “Add or Remove Programs”. Amongst the list of currently installed programs, you should see “Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1”, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 System Requirements, .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 If you do not see it in the list, you can download the framework from Microsoft. From a hardware standpoint, the Windows PC must contain at least one, and up to three, free USB ports. With one free port, a single CC2540/41 device can be flashed or debugged, or the BLE sniffer can be used. In order to simultaneously flash or debug both evaluation modules (EMs) while running the BLE sniffer software, three USB ports are required. IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 development environment is required in order to make changes to the BLE software. More information on IAR can be found in the Texas Instruments Bluetooth® Low Energy Software Developer’s Guide [3]. For the CC2541EMK, it is required to use SmartRF05 Boards Rev. 1.8.1 or later. More information about the SmartRF05EB can be found in www.ti.com/lit/swru210. The CC2541EM boards can also be plugged into a battery board (see www.ti.com/tool/soc-bb) for standalone operation. Page 6 of 32 SWRU301 3. Getting Started with the SimpleBLE Demo 3.1 Hardware Setup Connect the antennas to the SMA connectors on the EMs. Tighten the antenna’s screw firmly on to the SMA connector. If not properly connected, you might see reduced RF performance. Next, mount the EMs firmly on to connectors P5 and P6 on the SmartRF05EB. 3.2 Power Options There are several ways of applying power to the SmartRF05EB.  2 x 1.5 V AA Batteries  USB  External Power Supply For the batteries and USB, there are voltage regulators on the SmartRF05EB that will set the on-board voltage to 3.3 V. The external power supply should set a voltage that does not exceed 3.3 V. Note that there should only be one active power source at any time. To minimize risk of personal injury or property damage, never use rechargeable batteries to power the board. 3.3 Power the Boards Find jumper P11 on the top side of each SmartRF05EB. This jumper is used to set the power source for the board. Set P11 to “1-2” if you are using battery power. Set P11 to “2-3” if you are using USB or an external power supply. Once you have set P11, find switch P8 on the top side of each SmartRF05EB. To power up the boards, flip the switch from the “OFF” to “ON”. 3.4 Start-up Screen One of the EMs will be pre-loaded with the SimpleBLECentral application, while the other will be preloaded with the SimpleBLEPeripheral application. The LCD screens on the two SmartRF05EBs should display messages similar to those below: The “0x…” value displayed on each board is the device address. Every CC2540/41 device has a unique address. 3.5 Using the Joystick The SimpleBLEPeripheral application runs autonomously and does not require any user interaction. The SimpleBLECentral application, however, requires user interaction by means of joystick U1. Find joystick U1 on the top side of the SmartRF05EB, immediately below the LCD. The joystick has five different movements: it can be moved up, down, left, right, and it can be pressed in, just like a button. Each movement performs different actions depending on the state of the device. Page 7 of 32 SWRU301 3.6 Device Discovery Before the two devices can connect, the central device must first discover the peripheral device. To perform device discovery, press up on joystick U1 once. The LCD on the central device should display “Discovering…”. After a few seconds, it should display “Devices Found 1 / All Programs > Texas Instruments > Bluetooth-LE-1.1b > BTool. On Start-up you should be able to set the Serial Port Settings. Set the “Port” value to the COM port earlier noted in Section 4.2. For the other settings, use the default values as shown in Figure 7. Press “OK” to connect to the Host Board. Figure 7 BTool, Serial Port settings When connected you should see the screen presented in Figure 8. The screen indicates that you now have a serial port connection to the Host Board. The screen is divided up into a few sections: the left sidebar contains information on the Host Board status. The left side of the sub-window contains a log of all messages sent from the PC to the Host Board and received by the PC from the Host Board. The right side of the sub-window contains a GUI for control of the Host Board. Device Information Message Log Figure 8 BTool, Overview Page 12 of 32 Device Control SWRU301 4.4 Creating a BLE Connection between Central and Peripheral Devices At this point the central device (connected to the PC) is ready to discover other BLE devices that are advertising. If you have left the SimpleBLEPeripheral application running on one SmartRF05EB, you should be ready to use BTool. As long as the SmartRF05EB running the SimpleBLEPeripheral is powered up and un-connected, it should be in discoverable (advertising) mode. 4.4.1 Scanning for Devices Press the “Scan” button under the “Discover / Connect” tab as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 BTool, Scan for Devices The central device will begin search for other BLE devices. As devices are found, the log on the left side of the screen will display the devices discovered. After 10 seconds, the device discovery process will complete, and the central device will stop scanning. A summary of all the scanned devices will be displayed in the log window. In the example in Figure 10, one peripheral device was discovered while scanning. If you do not want to wait through the full 10 seconds of scanning, the “Cancel” button can be pressed alternatively, which will stop the device discovery process. The address of any scanned devices will appear in the “Slave BDA” section of the “Link Control” section in the bottom right corner of the subwindow. Figure 10 BTool, Slave Address Page 13 of 32 SWRU301 4.4.2 Selecting Connection Parameters Before establishing a connection, you will want to set up the desired connection parameters. The default values of 100ms connection interval, 0 slave latency, and 20000ms supervision timeout should serve as a good starting point; however for different applications you may want to experiment with these values. Once the desired values have been set, be sure to click the “Set” button; otherwise the settings will not be saved. Note that the connection parameters must be set before a connection is established; changing the values and clicking the “Set” button while a connection is active will not change the settings of an active connection. The connection must be terminated and re-established to use the new parameters. (The Bluetooth specification does support connection parameter updates while a connection is active; however this must be done using either an L2CAP connection parameter update request, or using a direct HCI command. More information can be found in the Specification of the Bluetooth System [6]) Figure 11 BTool, Connection Settings 4.4.3 Establishing a Connection To establish a connection with the peripheral device, select the address of the device to connect with, and click the “Establish” button as shown in Figure 12. Figure 12 BTool, Establish Connection If the set of connection parameters are invalid (for example, if the combination of connection parameters violates the specification), the message window will return a “GAP_EstablishLink” event message with a “Status” value of “0x12 (Not setup properly to perform that task)”, as shown in Figure 13. The parameters will have to be corrected before a connection can be established. Figure 13, BTool, Invalid Connection Parameters As long as the peripheral is powered-up and still in discoverable mode, a connection should be established immediately. Once a connection is established, the message window will return a “GAP_EstablishLink” event message with a “Status” value of “0x00 (Success)”: Page 14 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 14 BTool, Link Established The LCD screen on the peripheral SmartRF05EB should display “Connected”. In BTool, you can see your connected peripheral device in the Device Information field, as shown in Figure 15. Figure 15 BTool, Device Information 4.5 Using the Simple GATT Profile The SimpleBLEPeripheral software contains one sample GATT service profile (More information on the SimpleGATTProfile can be found in the Texas Instruments Bluetooth® Low Energy Software Developer’s Guide [3]). GATT services contain data values known as “characteristic values”. All application data that is being sent or received in BLE must be contained within characteristic value. This section details a step-bystep process that demonstrates several processes for reading, writing, discovering, and notifying GATT characteristic values using BTool. Note that the types (UUIDs) of the five characteristic values (0xFFF1, 0xFFF2, 0xFFF3, 0xFFF4, and 0xFFF5), as well as the simple profile primary service UUID value (0xFFF0), do not conform to any specifications in the Bluetooth SIG. They are simply used as a demonstration. The tables in Figure 16 and Figure 17 below show the SimpleBLEPeripheral complete attribute table, and can be used as a reference. Services are shown in yellow, characteristics are shown in blue, and characteristic values / descriptors are shown in grey. When working with the SimpleBLEPeripheral application, it might be useful to print out the table as a reference. Page 15 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 16, SimpleBLEPeripheral Attribute Table Page 16 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 17 SimpleBLEPeripheral Attribute Table 4.5.1 Reading a Characteristic Value by UUID The first characteristic of the SimpleGATTProfile service has both read and write permissions, and has a UUID of 0xFFF1. The simplest way to read its value is to use the “Read Characteristic by UUID” subprocedure. To do this, you will first need to click the “Read / Write” tab in BTool. Select the option “Read Using Characteristic UUID” under the “Sub-Procedure” option in the “Characteristic Read” section at the top of the screen. Enter “F1:FF” (note that the LSB is entered first, and the MSB is entered last) in the “Characteristic UUID” box, and click the “Read” button as shown in Figure 18. An attribute protocol Read by Type Request packet gets sent over the air from the central device to the peripheral device, and an attribute protocol Read by Type Response packet gets sent back from the peripheral device to the central device. The value “01” is displayed in the “Value” box, and “Success” is displayed in the “Status” box. In addition, the message window will display information on the Read by Type Response packet that was received by the central device. The message includes not only the characteristic’s data value, but also the handle of the characteristic value (0x0022 in this case). Page 17 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 18 BTool, Read a Characteristic Value by UUID 4.5.2 Writing a Characteristic Value In the previous section, the handle of the first characteristic in the SimpleGATTProfile was found to be 0x0022. Knowing this, and based on the fact that the characteristic has both read and write permissions, it is possible for us to write a new value. Enter “0x0022” into the “Characteristic Value Handle” box in the “Characteristic Write” section, and enter any 1-byte value in the “Value” section (the format can be set to either “Decimal” or “Hex”). Click the “Write” button as shown in Figure 19. An attribute protocol Write Request packet gets sent over the air from the central device to the peripheral device, and an attribute protocol Write Response packet gets sent back from the peripheral device to the central device. The status box will display “Success”, indicating that the write was successful. Figure 19 BTool, Write a Characteristic Value Page 18 of 32 SWRU301 The LCD screen on the peripheral SmartRF05EB should display “Char 1:”, and the value written in decimal format. 4.5.3 Reading a Characteristic Value by Handle After writing a new value to the first characteristic in the profile, we can read the value back to verify the write. This time, instead of reading the value by its UUID, the value will be read by its handle. Select the option “Read Characteristic Value / Descriptor” under the “Sub-Procedure” option in the “Characteristic Read” section. Enter “0x0022” in the “Characteristic Value Handle” box, and click the “Read” button as shown in Figure 20. An attribute protocol Read Request packet gets sent over the air from the central device to the peripheral device, and an attribute protocol Read Response packet gets sent back from the peripheral device to the central device. The new value is displayed in the “Value” box, and “Success” is displayed in the “Status” box. This value should match the value that was written in the previous step. Figure 20 BTool, Read a Characteristic Value by Handle 4.5.4 Discovering a Characteristic by UUID The next thing to do is to discover a characteristic by its UUID. By doing this, we will not only get the handle of the UUID, but we will also get the properties of the characteristic. The UUID of the second characteristic in the SimpleGATTProfile is 0xFFF2. Select the option “Discover Characteristic by UUID” under the “Sub-Procedure” option in the “Characteristic Read” section at the top of the screen. Enter “F2:FF” in the “Characteristic UUID” box, and click the “Read” button as shown in Figure 21. A series of attribute protocol Read by Type Request packets get sent over the air from the central device to the peripheral device, and for each request an attribute protocol Read by Type Response packet gets sent back from the peripheral device to the central device. Essentially, the central device is reading every attribute on the peripheral device with a UUID of 0x2803 (this is the UUID for a characteristic declaration as defined in Specification of the Bluetooth System [6]), and checking the “Characteristic Value UUID” portion of each declaration to see if it matches type 0xFFF2. The procedure is complete once every characteristic declaration has been read. The procedure will find one instance of the characteristic with type 0xFFF2, and display “02 25 00 F2 FF” (the value of the declaration) in the “Value” box, with “Success” displayed in the “Status” box. As per the Bluetooth specification, the first byte “02” tells us that the properties of the characteristic are read-only. The second and third bytes “25 00” tell us that the handle of the characteristic value is 0x0025. The fourth and fifth bytes tell the UUID of the characteristic, 0xFFF2. Page 19 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 21 BTool, Discover a Characteristic by UUID 4.5.5 Reading Multiple Characteristic Values It is also possible to read multiple characteristic values with one request, as long as the handle of each value is known. To read the values of both of the characteristics that we previously read, select the option “Read Multiple Characteristic Values” under the “Sub-Procedure” option in the “Characteristic Read” section at the top of the screen. Enter “0x0022;0x0025” in the “Characteristic Value Handle” box, and click the “Read” button as shown in Figure 22. An attribute protocol Read Multiple Request packet gets sent over the air from the central device to the peripheral device, and an attribute protocol Read Multiple Response packet gets sent back from the peripheral device to the central device. The values of the two characteristics are displayed in the “Value” box, and “Success” is displayed in the “Status” box. This first byte should match the value that was written in the previous step, and the second byte should be “02”. One important note about reading multiple characteristic values in a single request is that the response will not parse the separate values. This means that the size of each value being read must be fixed, and must be known by the client. In the example here, this is not an issue since there are only two bytes in the response; however care must be taken when using this command. Page 20 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 22 BTool, Read Multiple Characteristic Values 4.5.6 Enabling Notifications In BLE, it is possible for a GATT server device to “push” characteristic value data out to a client device, without being prompted with a read request. This process is called a “characteristic value notification”. Notifications are useful in that they allow a device in a BLE connection to send out as much or as little data as required at any point in time. In addition, since no request from the client is required, the overhead is reduced and the data is transmitted more efficiently. The SimpleBLEPeripheral software contains an example in which notifications can be demonstrated. The third characteristic in the SimpleGATTProfile has write-only properties, while the fourth characteristic in the profile has notify-only properties. Every five seconds, the SimpleBLEPeripheral application will take the value of the third characteristic and copy it into the fourth characteristic. Each time the fourth characteristic value gets set by the application, the profile will check to see if notifications are enabled. If they are enabled, the profile will send a notification of the value to the client device. Before notifications can be enabled, the handle of the fourth characteristic must be found. This can be done by using the “Discover Characteristic by UUID” process (see section 4.5.4), with the UUID value set to “F4:FF”. The procedure will find one instance of the characteristic with type 0xFFF4, and display “10 2B 00 F4 FF” (the value of the declaration) in the “Value” box, with “Success” displayed in the “Status” box. As per the Bluetooth specification, the first byte “10” tells us that the properties of the characteristic are notify-only. The second and third bytes “2B 00” tell us that the handle of the characteristic value is 0x002B. The fourth and fifth bytes tell the UUID of the characteristic, 0xFFF4. In order to enable notifications, the client device must write a value of 0x0001 to the client characteristic configuration descriptor for the particular characteristic. The handle for the client characteristic configuration descriptor immediately follows the characteristic value’s handle. Therefore, a value of 0x0001 must be written to handle 0x002C. Enter “0x002C” into the “Characteristic Value Handle” box in the “Characteristic Write” section, and enter “01:00” in the “Value” section (note that the LSB is entered first, and the MSB is entered last). Click the “Write Value” button. The status box will display “Success”, indicating that the write was successful. Every five seconds, an attribute protocol Handle Value Notification packet gets sent from the peripheral device to the central device. With each notification, the value of the characteristic at handle is displayed in the log window. Page 21 of 32 SWRU301 +1 Figure 23 BTool, Enable Notifications The value should be “03” in each notification, since it is copied from the value of the third characteristic in the profile (which has a default value of 3). The third characteristic has write-only properties, and therefore can be changed. By following the procedure from section 4.5.4, the handle of the third characteristic can be found to be 0x0028. By following the procedure from section 4.5.2, a new value can be written to handle 0x0028. The LCD screen on the peripheral SmartRF05EB should display “Char 3:”, and the value written in decimal format. Once the write is complete, the value of the fourth characteristic will change. This new value is reflected in the incoming notification messages. Figure 24 BTool, Write Value to Trigger Notification Page 22 of 32 SWRU301 It is important to note that the simple GATT profile included with the BLE development kit does not conform to any standard profile specification available from the Bluetooth SIG. The profile, including the GATT characteristic definition, the UUID values, and the functional behavior, was developed by Texas Instruments for use with the CC2540DK or CC2542EMK development kit, and is intended as a demonstration of the capabilities of the Bluetooth low energy protocol. 4.6 Using BLE Security BTool also includes the ability to make use of security features in BLE, including encryption, authentication, and bonding. 4.6.1 Encrypting the Connection The SimpleGATTProfile contains a fifth characteristic with a UUID of 0xFFF5. Like the second characteristic, this characteristic has read-only permissions; however this characteristic can only be read if the link is encrypted. Using the same discovery process as before with the “Discover Characteristic by UUID” command, it can be determined that the handle of the fifth characteristic value is 0x002F. If you attempt to read this characteristic, however, an error will occur with a status of “INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION”. To encrypt the link, the pairing process must be initiated. Click on the “Pairing / Bonding” tab in BTool. In the “Initiate Pairing” section at the top of the screen, check the boxes labeled “Bonding Enabled” and “Authentication (MITM) Enabled”, and click the button “Send Pairing Request”, as shown in Figure 25. This will send the request to the peripheral device. Figure 25 BTool, Send Pairing Request The peripheral will send a pairing response in return, which will require a six-digit passcode to be entered by the user in order to complete the process. Typically, this passcode is intended to be used by a peripheral device containing a display. By displaying the passkey on the peripheral device and requiring the user to enter it in on the central device’s user interface, the link is authenticated, in that it has been verified that the connection has not been hijacked using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. In the case of the SimpleBLEPeripheral software, a fixed passcode “000000” is used (this value can be modified in the source code). In the box labeled “Passkey” in the “Passkey Input” section, enter the value “000000” and click the “Send Passkey” button, as shown in Figure 26. Note that if you do not send the passkey within 30 seconds after receiving the pairing response message, the pairing process will fail, and you will need to re-send the pairing request. Page 23 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 26 BTool, Send Passkey When pairing is successfully completed, you will see a “GAP_AuthenticationComplete” event in the log window, with a “Success” status. The BLE connection is now encrypted. You will now be able to read the fifth characteristic value (handle 0x002F) from the peripheral. The five-byte value of the characteristic is “01 02 03 04 05”. 4.6.2 Using Bonding and Long-Term Keys Bonding is a feature in BLE that allows a device, after initial pairing with a peer, to remember specific information about that peer device. In particular, the long-term key data that is generated during the initial pairing process can be stored locally. If the connection is then terminated and the two devices later reconnect, this data can be used to quickly re-initiate encryption without needing to go through the full pairing process and/or use a passkey. In addition, if a client device had enabled notifications of any characteristics on the server device while the two devices were bonded, the server device will remember the setting and the client will not have to re-enable them. After pairing has been completed with bonding enabled, the “Long-Term Key (LTK) Data” will be populated with some of the data from the “GAP_AuthenticationComplete” event that was generated during the encryption process. This data is required for re-initiating encryption upon reconnect. Click the “Save Long-Term Key Data to File” button to save this information to file, as shown in Figure 27. The data is saved as in a “comma separated value” (CSV) format as simple text, and can be store anywhere on disk. Be sure to note the location that the file is stored. Figure 27 BTool, Save Long-Term Key Data to File Within the peripheral device, a similar process is going on, in that the SimpleBLEPeripheral software contains a bond manager that is storing the long-term key data that it had generated during encryption. Since the SimpleBLEPeripheral does not have a file system, it is simply storing the data in the nonvolatile memory of the CC2540/41. More information on the bond manager can be found in Texas Instruments Bluetooth® Low Energy Software Developer’s Guide [3]. Page 24 of 32 SWRU301 With a bond now active, you can enable notifications of a characteristic value and have that setting remembered for later. Note that if notifications were enabled before going through the pairing process, then the setting will not be stored. Therefore, you will need to re-write the value “01:00” to a client characteristic configuration descriptor. For example, write “01:00” to handle 0x002C to enable the periodic notifications, as was done in section 4.5.6. You should now be receiving a notification once every five seconds. Because the devices are paired with bonding enabled, the bond manager in the SimpleBLEPeripheral software will store the client characteristic configuration descriptor data in nonvolatile memory. To verify that bonding worked, you will need to disconnect and re-connect. Click on the “Discover / Connect” tab and click the “Terminate” button at the bottom of the screen to disconnect from the peripheral device, as shown in Figure 28. The message window will show a “GAP_TerminateLink” event with “Success” status. In addition, the connection information in the upper-left corner of the screen will disappear. Figure 28 BTool, Terminate Link At a later time, re-connect with the peripheral device following the procedure in section 4.4.3. Once connected, you will notice that the periodic notifications are no longer enabled. This is because the Simple GATT profile will always reset the value of the client characteristic configuration descriptor back to “00:00” if a connection is terminated or if the device resets. To re-initiate encryption and re-enable the periodic notifications, return to the “Pairing / Bonding” tab. In the “Initiate Bond” section, click the “Load Long-Term Key Data From File” button, and select the file in which the data was previously stored. The data fields will get automatically populated from the data in the file. Click the “Initiate Bond” button to re-enable encryption, as shown in Figure 29. Page 25 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 29 BTool, Re-initiate Encryption A “GAP_BondComplete” event with “Success” status will be displayed in the message window. This indicates that the link has been re-encrypted, which can be verified by reading the fifth characteristic value in the SimpleGATTProfile at handle 0x002F. You will also now be receiving periodic notifications of the fourth characteristic value, as the client characteristic configuration descriptor value of the characteristic has been restored. Any changes to the client characteristic configuration descriptor value (i.e. turning off notifications) will be saved to nonvolatile memory and remembered for next time that encryption is initiated using the long-term key. 4.7 Additional Sample Applications In addition to the SimpleBLEPeripheral application, the BLE software development kit includes project and source code files for several additional applications and profiles, including:  Blood Pressure Sensor- with simulated measurements  Heart Rate Sensor- with simulated measurements  Health Thermometer- with simulated measurements More information on these projects can be found in Texas Instruments BLE Sample Applications Guide [5]. Page 26 of 32 SWRU301 5. Program / Debug the CC254x The SmartRF05EB allows for debugging using IAR Embedded Workbench, as well as for reading and writing hex files to the CC254x flash memory using the SmartRF Flash Programmer software. SmartRF Flash Programmer also has the capability to change the IEEE address of the CC254x device. The BLE software development kit includes hex files for SimpleBLEPeripheral, SimpleBLECentral, and HostTestRelease (Master Configuration) projects. This section details on using SmartRF Flash Programmer. Information on using IAR Embedded Workbench for debugging can be found in [3] 5.1 Hardware Setup In order to program or debug the CC254x, the CC254xEM board must be plugged in to the SmartRF05EB. Connect the SmartRF05EB to your PC using a standard USB cable. 5.2 Using SmartRF Flash Programmer Software Note: the instructions in the section apply to the latest version of SmartRF Flash Programmer (version 1.11.1 Rev. M), which is available at the following URL: http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/flash-programmer.html To start the application go into your programs by choosing Start > Programs > Texas Instruments > SmartRF Flash Programmer > SmartRF Flash Programmer. The program should open up the following window: Figure 30 5.2.1 Reading or Writing a Hex File to the CC254x To read or write a hex file to the CC254x, select the option “Program CCxxxx SoC or MSP430” in the drop box at the top. The connected CC254x should be detected and show up in the list of devices. Under “Flash image” select the desired hex file that you would like to write to the device. If you are reading from the CC254x, under “Flash image” enter the desired path and filename for the hex file. To write to the CC254x, under “Actions” select “Erase, program and verify”. To read from the CC254x, under “Actions” select “Read flash into hex-file”. To begin the read or write, click the button “Perform actions”. Page 27 of 32 SWRU301 If the action completes successfully, you should see the progress bar at the bottom of the window fill up, and either one of the following two messages, depending on whether a write or a read was performed: “CC254x – ID8008: Erase, program and verify OK” or “CC254x – ID8008: Flash read OK”. You may see the following error message: Figure 31 If this comes up, it most likely means that you have IAR open and are debugging. You will need to stop debugging before you can use SmartRF Flash Programmer to communicate with the SmartRF05EB. 5.2.2 Reading or Writing the CC254X Device Address Every CC254x device comes pre-programmed with a unique 48-bit IEEE address. This is referred to as the device’s “primary address”, and cannot be changed. It is also possible to set a “secondary address” on a device, which will override the primary address upon power-up. SmartRF Flash Programmer can be used to read the primary address, as well as to read or write the secondary address. To read back the primary address of a device connected to the CC Debugger, select “Primary” under the “Location” option, and click the “Read IEEE” button. The primary device address should appear in the box on the right. Click the “Perform Actions” button at the bottom to perform the read. To read back the secondary address, select “Secondary” under the “Location” option, and click the “Read IEEE” button. The secondary device address should appear in the box on the right. Click the “Perform Actions” button at the bottom to perform the read. To set a new secondary address, select “Secondary” under the “Location” option, and enter the desired address in the box on the right. Click the “Perform Actions” button at the bottom to perform the write. If the secondary device is set to “FF FF FF FF FF FF”, the device will use the primary address. If the secondary device is set to anything else, the secondary address will be used. Page 28 of 32 SWRU301 Figure 32 Note that every time you re-program the device using SmartRF Flash Programmer, the secondary address of the device will get set to FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. This can be avoided by selecting the option “Retain IEEE address when reprogramming the chip”. A similar situation exists when a device is reprogrammed through IAR Embedded Workbench, in that the secondary address will get set to FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF each time. To avoid this, the IAR option “Retain unchanged memory”, under the “Debugger” > “Texas Instruments” project option can be selected. Figure 33 Page 29 of 32 SWRU301 6. SmartRF™ Packet Sniffer The SmartRF™ Packet Sniffer is a PC software application used to display and store RF packets captured with a listening RF hardware node. Various RF protocols are supported, included BLE. The Packet Sniffer filters and decodes packets and displays them in a convenient way, with options for filtering and storage to a binary file format. Figure 34 The USB Dongle included with the CC2540DK Development Kit can be used as the listening hardware node, and can be useful when debugging BLE software applications. The SmartRF™ Packet Sniffer software can be downloaded at the following link: http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/packet-sniffer.html Page 30 of 32 SWRU301 7. General Information 7.1 Document History Revision Date Description/Changes SWRU301 2011-08-22 Initial release with BLE software release v1.1 SWRU301A 2012-01-10 Updated with CC2541EMK , for BLE software release v1.1b Page 31 of 32 SWRU301 Appendix A Schematics CC2540/41 Evaluation Module Page 32 of 32 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS TP2 TP1 2 1 VDD L1 L_BEAD_102_0402 R1 R_0402 1 VDD_FILT 2 2 + C2 C_0402 10 39 2 1 2 3 SMD_SOCKET_2X10 P1 DGND_USB USB_P USB_N DVDD_USB AVDD2 AVDD3 AVDD1 AVDD4 AVDD6 P1.3 P1.0 2 2 24 27 28 29 P3 SMA_SMD L253 L_3N0_0402_S L252 L_1N0_0402_S C252 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 31 5 38 37 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 P0.6 P0.7 12 20 RESET_N P2_4 P2_3 R201 R_2K7_0402_F 1 1 26 32 2 33 C262 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 DCOUPL RBIAS U1 GND 23 40 30 41 1 C201 2 C_1N_0402_NP0_J_50 1 P2 SMD_SOCKET_2X10 3 4 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS For comparator test P0.4 In P0.5 In + TP4 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS 2 1 2 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM4 1 1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM2 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM5 1 1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM3 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM6 1 1 1 4 C_15P_0402_NP0_J_50 C331 GND C221 C_12P_0402_NP0_J_50 2 1 TP3 C_12P_0402_NP0_J_50 C231 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 P0.5 20 2 22 2 1 3 VDD 5 7 9 11 13 15 P1.2 17 19 P2.0 C253 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 1 XOSC_Q1 XOSC_Q2 2 1 2 2 RF_N 2 3 4 5 1 1 L261 L_2N0_0402_S C261 C_18P_0402_NP0_J_50 1 1 2 2 C321 C_15P_0402_NP0_J_50 6 2 X_32.768/20/50/40/12 X2 7 2 25 X1 X_32.000/10/20/60/10 8 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 RF_P C401 C_1U_0402_X5R_K_6P3 9 1 L251 L_2N0_0402_S C251 C_18P_0402_NP0_J_50 2 11 2 2 34 P2_0 P2_1 P2_2 P1_0 P1_1 P1_2 P1_3 P1_4 P1_5 P1_6 P1_7 P0_0 P0_1 P0_2 P0_3 P0_4 P0_5 P0_6 P0_7 1 35 P2.1 P2.2 P1.0 P1.1 1 1 36 1 P2.1 P2.2 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 2 1 C1 C_2U2_0402_X5R_M_6P3VDC 2 21 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 AVDD5 R301 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 4 DVDD2 DVDD1 1 P0.4 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.0 P1.1 P0.6 P0.7 2 1 1 CC2540 1 1 2 1 C311 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 1 C272 C_220P_0402_NP0_J_50 TP5 1 C271 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 R_56K_0402_F R4 R_0402 1 C241 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 1 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS C211 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 - 1 For op-amp test P0.0 In + P0.1 In P0.2 Output C101 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 out R3 R_0402 C391 C_1U_0402_X5R_K_6P3 1 1 R2 R_0402 CONTRACT NO. COMPANY NAME Texas Instruments APPROVALS DRAWN CHECKED ISSUED DATE DWG CC2540EM Discrete SVG NN SIZE FSCM NO. DWG NO. A4 SCALE SHEET REV. 1.5.1 1 (1) TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS TP2 TP1 2 1 VDD L1 L_BEAD_102_0402 VDD_FILT R1 R_0402 1 2 2 + C2 C_0402 10 39 2 1 2 3 SMD_SOCKET_2X10 P1 P1.3 P1.0 AVDD5 2 2 NC SCL SDA NC AVDD2 AVDD3 AVDD1 AVDD4 21 24 27 28 29 P3 SMA_SMD L253 L_3N0_0402_S L252 L_1N0_0402_S C252 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 31 17 16 15 14 13 P0.6 P0.7 12 20 VDD_FILT 1 2 1 C201 R_10K_0402_F R31 R201 R_2K7_0402_F 1 VDD_FILT RESET_N 2 33 DCOUPL RBIAS U1 GND 23 40 30 41 3 4 For comparator test P0.4 In P0.5 In + C_12P_0402_NP0_J_50 C231 TP4 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS 2 1 2 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM4 1 1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM2 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM5 1 1 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM3 FIDUCIAL_MARK_1MM FM6 1 1 1 4 C_15P_0402_NP0_J_50 C331 GND C221 C_12P_0402_NP0_J_50 2 1 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS 1 C262 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 22 1 TP3 1 1 XOSC_Q1 XOSC_Q2 P2 SMD_SOCKET_2X10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 P0.5 20 R251 R_0402 2 1 2 32 2 C_1N_0402_NP0_J_50 1 3 VDD 5 7 9 11 13 15 P1.2 17 19 P2.0 2 1 2 P2_3 2 3 4 5 2 1 1 2 2 C321 C_15P_0402_NP0_J_50 18 P2_4 1 26 X_32.768/20/50/40/12 X2 37 19 RF_N 2 L261 L_2N0_0402_S X1 X_32.000/10/20/40/10 38 C401 C_1U_0402_X5R_K_6P3 5 C253 1 2 6 2 C_1P0_0402_NP0_C_50 C261 C_18P_0402_NP0_J_50 1 7 1 25 2 8 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 RF_P 1 9 1 11 2 L251 L_2N0_0402_S C251 C_18P_0402_NP0_J_50 2 34 P2_0 P2_1 P2_2 P1_0 P1_1 P1_2 P1_3 P1_4 P1_5 P1_6 P1_7 P0_0 P0_1 P0_2 P0_3 P0_4 P0_5 P0_6 P0_7 R_56K_0402_F 35 P2.1 P2.2 P1.0 P1.1 2 P2.1 P2.2 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 2 1 C1 C_2U2_0402_X5R_M_6P3VDC 2 1 36 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 DVDD2 DVDD1 AVDD6 2 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 4 R_10K_0402_F R21 P0.4 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.0 P1.1 P0.6 P0.7 2 1 1 CC2541 R301 1 2 1 C311 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 1 C272 C_220P_0402_NP0_J_50 TP5 1 C271 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 1 R4 R_0402 1 C241 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 1 TESTPOINT_CIRCLE_40MILS C211 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 - 1 For op-amp test P0.0 In + P0.1 In P0.2 Output C101 C_100N_0402_X5R_K_10 2 out R3 R_0402 C391 C_1U_0402_X5R_K_6P3 1 1 R2 R_0402 CONTRACT NO. COMPANY NAME Texas Instruments APPROVALS DRAWN CHECKED ISSUED DATE DWG CC2541EM SVG SIZE FSCM NO. DWG NO. A4 SCALE SHEET REV. 1.1.0 1 (1) EVALUATION BOARD/KIT/MODULE (EVM) ADDITIONAL TERMS Texas Instruments (TI) provides the enclosed Evaluation Board/Kit/Module (EVM) under the following conditions: The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user indemnifies TI from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Should this evaluation board/kit not meet the specifications indicated in the User’s Guide, the board/ kit may be returned within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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