DRV2603RUNR

Sample & Buy Product Folder Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents Reference Design DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 DRV2603 Haptic Drive With Auto-Resonance Detection for Linear Resonance Actuators (LRA) 1 Features 3 Description • The DRV2603 is a haptic driver designed specifically to solve common obstacles in driving both Linear Resonance Actuator (LRA) and Eccentric Rotating Mass (ERM) haptic elements. The DRV2603 is designed for low latency, high efficiency, and more drive strength for actuators commonly used for tactile feedback in the portable market. 1 • • • • • • • • • • Flexible Haptic/Vibra Driver – LRA (Linear Resonance Actuator) – ERM (Eccentric Rotating Mass) Auto Resonance Tracking for LRA – No Frequency Calibration Required – Automatic Drive Commutation – Automatic Braking Algorithm – Wide Input PWM Frequency Range Constant Vibration Strength Over Supply Automatic Input Level Translation 0% to 100% Duty Cycle Control Range Fast Start Up Time Differential Drive from Single-Ended Input Wide Supply Voltage Range of 2.5 V to 5.2 V Immersion TouchSense® 3000 Compatible 1.8-V Compatible, 5-V Tolerant Digital Pins Available in a 2 mm × 2 mm × 0.75 mm Leadless QFN Package (RUN) LRA actuators typically have a narrow frequency band over which they have an adequate haptic response. This frequency window is typically ±2.5 Hz wide or less, so driving an LRA actuator presents a challenge. The DRV2603 solves this problem by employing auto resonance tracking, which automatically detects and tracks the LRA resonant frequency in real time. This means that any input PWM frequency within the input range (10 kHz to 250 kHz) will automatically produce the correct resonant output frequency. As an additional benefit, the DRV2603 implements an automatic braking algorithm to prevent LRA ringing at the end of waveforms, leaving the user with a crisp haptic sensation. For both ERM and LRA actuators, the automatic input level translation solves issues with low voltage PWM sources without adding additional external components, so if the digital I/O levels vary, the output voltage does not change. The DRV2603 also has supply correction that ensures no supply regulation is required for constant vibration strength, allowing an efficient, direct-battery connection. 2 Applications • • • • • • • Mobile Phones and Tablets Watches and Wearable Technology Remote Controls, Mice, and Peripheral Devices Electronic Point of Sale (ePOS) Vibration Alerts and Notifications Touch-Enabled Devices Industrial Human-Machine Interfaces Device Information(1) PART NUMBER PACKAGE DRV2603 WQFN (10) BODY SIZE (NOM) 2.00 mm × 2.00 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the datasheet. DRV2603 Block Diagram VDD Supply Correction VDD Thermal Shutdown OUT+ CVDD Overcurrent Shutdown Gate Drive EN Control Engine LRA / ERM M Back-EMF Detection LRA or ERM VDD OUTPWM Gate Drive Level Correction GND Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 3 3 4 4 4 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Thermal Information .................................................. Electrical Characteristics........................................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. Parameter Measurement Information .................. 6 7.1 Test Setup for Graphs............................................... 6 7.2 Alternate Test Setup ................................................. 6 8 Detailed Description .............................................. 7 8.1 Overview ................................................................... 7 8.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 7 8.3 Feature Description................................................... 7 8.4 Device Functional Modes.......................................... 9 9 Application and Implementation ........................ 11 9.1 Application Information............................................ 11 9.2 Typical Application ................................................. 11 10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 14 10.1 Decoupling Capacitor............................................ 14 11 Layout................................................................... 14 11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 14 11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 14 12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 15 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Device Support...................................................... Documentation Support ........................................ Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates Community Resources.......................................... Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 15 4 Revision History Changes from Revision B (September 2015) to Revision C • Auto Resonance Engine for LRA, changed text From: "tracking range for LRA devices is 140 Hz to 140 Hz" To: "tracking range for LRA devices is 140 Hz to 220 Hz." .......................................................................................................... 8 Changes from Revision A (January 2014) to Revision B • 2 Page Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section .............................. 1 Changes from Original (June 2012) to Revision A • Page Page Changed from 1 page data sheet to full data sheet in product folder .................................................................................... 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 5 Pin Configuration and Functions RUN Package 10-Pin WQFN Top View GND 10 EN 1 9 OUT + PWM 2 8 GND LRA / ERM 3 7 VDD 6 OUT - NC 4 5 GND Pin Functions PIN NAME I/O/P (1) NO. EN DESCRIPTION 1 I Device enable 5, 8, 10 P Supply ground LRA/ERM 3 I Mode selection. ERM = Low, LRA = High NC 4 I No Connection OUT+ 9 O Positive haptic driver differential output OUT– 6 O Negative haptic driver differential output PWM 2 I Input signal VDD 7 P Supply Input (2.5 V to 5.5 V) GND (1) I = Input, O = Output, P = Power 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) over operating free-air temperature range, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT Supply voltage VDD –0.3 6 V VI Input voltage EN, PWM, LRA/ERM –0.3 VDD + 0.3 V TA Operating free-air temperature range –40 85 °C TJ Operating junction temperature range –40 150 °C Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE V(ESD) (1) (2) Electrostatic discharge Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) UNIT ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101 (2) ±500 V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 3 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions MIN VDD Supply voltage VDD fPWM PWM Input frequency RL Load Impedance VDD = 5.2 V F0 Supported LRA frequency Auto resonance tracking range for LRA VIL Digital input low voltage EN, PWM, LRA/ERM VIH Digital input high voltage EN, PWM, LRA/ERM TA Operating free-air temperature range TYP MAX UNIT 2.5 5.2 V 10 250 kHz 8 Ω 140 220 Hz 0.6 V 1.2 V -40 85 °C 6.4 Thermal Information DRV2603 THERMAL METRIC (1) RUN (WQFN) UNIT 10 PINS RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance ψJT ψJB (1) 153.7 °C/W 86 °C/W 70.4 °C/W Junction-to-top characterization parameter 1.3 °C/W Junction-to-board characterization parameter 70.4 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics TA = 25°C, VDD = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT |IIL| Digital input low current |IIH| Digital input high current ISD Shut down current VEN = 0 V IDDQ Quiescent current ROUT Output impedance in shutdown tSU Start-up time fSW PWM output frequency IBAT,AVG Average battery current during operation RDS-HS Drain to source resistance, high-side 1.05 RDS-LS Drain to source resistance, low-side 0.85 Ω Duty Cycle = 100%, LRA Mode, Load = 25 Ω LRA 2.2 VRMS Duty Cycle = 100%, ERM Mode, RL = 20 Ω ERM 3.3 V Thermal threshold 145 °C Thermal Hysteresis 18 °C VOUT 4 Differential output voltage EN, PWM, LRA/ERM VDD = 5.0 V, VIN = 0 V 1 µA EN VDD = 5.0 V, VIN = VDD 6 µA PWM, LRA/ERM VDD = 5.0 V, VIN = VDD 3 µA 0.3 3 µA VEN = VDD, ERM Mode, 50% duty cycle input, No load 1.7 2.5 mA OUT+ to GND, OUT– to GND 15 kΩ Time from EN high to output signal 1.3 ms 19.5 20.3 Duty Cycle = 100%, LRA Mode, Load = 25 Ω LRA 55 Duty Cycle = 80%, ERM Mode, RL = 17 Ω, 2V rated ERM 59 Submit Documentation Feedback 21.5 kHz mA Ω Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 6.6 Typical Characteristics VDD = 3.6 V LRA Mode Full−Scale Input VOUT(P−P) = 2.2 VRMS OUT+ (Filtered) OUT− (Filtered) [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (1V/div) EN, PWM OUT+ OUT− Voltage − (1V/div) VDD = 4.2 V LRA Mode Startup Time = 1.3 ms 0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m t − Time − s 7m 8m 9m 10m 0 Figure 1. Startup Waveform VDD = 3.6 V LRA Mode 5m 10m 15m 20m 25m 30m t − Time − s 35m 40m 45m 50m Figure 2. LRA Full-Scale Drive VDD = 3.6 V ERM Mode EN PWM Accelerometer [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) Voltage − (2V/div) EN PWM Accelerometer [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m 0 40m Figure 3. LRA Click 160m 200m Figure 4. ERM Click VDD = 3.6 V ERM Mode PWM Sequence = {100%, 87.5%, 75%, 62.5%, 0%} EN PWM (Filtered) [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) EN PWM (Filtered) [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) VDD = 3.6 V LRA Mode PWM Sequence = {100%, 87.5%, 75%, 62.5%, 0%} 80m 120m t − Time − s 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m Figure 5. LRA PWM Modulation 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m Figure 6. ERM PWM Modulation Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 5 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com 7 Parameter Measurement Information 7.1 Test Setup for Graphs With no output filter, the output waveform from the DRV2603 looks similar to Figure 1. The output signal contains both a high frequency PWM component and a fundamental drive component which causes motion in the actuator. To measure or observe the fundamental drive component, a low-pass filter must be used to eliminate the PWM component. The digital filter function on a digital oscilloscope was utilized in the rest of the Typical Characteristic figures. A 1st order, low-pass filter corner between 1 kHz and 3.5 kHz is recommended. OUT+ Ch1 Ch1-Ch2 (Differential) Ch2 with Digital Low-Pass Filter ERM or LRA Oscilloscope OUT– Figure 7. Test Setup for Graphs 7.2 Alternate Test Setup If a digital oscilloscope with digital filtering is not available, a 1st order, low-pass, RC filter network can be used instead. Care must be taken not to use a filter impedance that is too low. This can interfere with the back-EMF behavior of the actuator and corrupt the operation of the auto resonance function. A recommended circuit is shown in Figure 8. 100kΩ OUT+ ERM Or LRA OUT– 470 pF Ch1 Ch2 Ch1-Ch2 (Differential) 100kΩ Oscilloscope 470 pF Figure 8. Alternate Test Setup 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 8 Detailed Description 8.1 Overview The DRV2603 is a haptic and vibratory driver designed specifically to meet the needs of haptic and vibration applications in the portable market. The DRV2603 has two modes of operation, ERM mode and LRA mode. ERM mode is designed to drive Eccentric Rotating Mass motors, which are generally DC motors of the bar or coin type. LRA mode is designed to drive Linear Resonance Actuators, also known as linear vibrators, which require an alternating signal that commutates at or very near the natural mechanical resonance frequency of the actuator. These actuators present a unique control challenge that is solved in the DRV2603 by auto resonance tracking. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram VDD Supply Correction VDD Thermal Shutdown OUT+ CVDD Overcurrent Shutdown Gate Drive EN Control Engine LRA / ERM M Back-EMF Detection LRA or ERM VDD OUTPWM Gate Drive Level Correction GND Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated 8.3 Feature Description 8.3.1 Supply Voltage Rejection for Constant Vibration Strength The DRV2603 features power supply feedback, so no external supply regulation is required. If the supply voltage drifts over time (due to battery discharge, for example), the vibration strength will remain the same so long as there is enough supply voltage to sustain the required output voltage. The DRV2603 can be connected directly to the battery. 8.3.2 Low-Voltage Control Logic for Constant Vibration Strength The PWM input uses a digital level-shifter, so as long as the input voltage meets the VIH and VIL levels, the vibration strength will remain the same even if the digital levels were to vary. These benefits apply to both ERM mode and LRA mode. 8.3.3 Thermal Protection The DRV2603 has thermal protection that will shut down the device to prevent internal overheating. See the Specifications for typical over temperature thresholds. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 7 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com Feature Description (continued) 8.3.4 Overcurrent Protection The DRV2603 has overcurrent protection that is useful in preventing damage from short conditions. The overcurrent protection monitors current from VDD, GND, OUT+, and OUT-. See the Specifications for typical overcurrent thresholds. 8.3.5 Linear Resonance Actuators (LRA) Acceleration - g Linear Resonant Actuators, or LRAs, only vibrate effectively at their resonant frequency. LRAs have a high-Q frequency response due to which there is a rapid drop in vibration performance at offsets of 2 to 3 Hz from the resonant frequency. Many factors also cause a shift or drift in the resonant frequency of the actuator such as temperature, aging, the mass the product to which the LRA is mounted, and in the case of a portable product, the manner in which it is held. Furthermore, as the actuator is driven to its maximum allowed voltage, many LRAs will shift several Hz in frequency due to mechanical compression. All of these factors make a real-time tracking auto-resonant algorithm critical when driving LRA to achieve consistent, optimized performance. Frequency - Hz fRESONANCE Figure 9. Typical LRA Response 8.3.6 Auto Resonance Engine for LRA No frequency calibration or actuator training is required to use the DRV2603. The DRV2603 auto resonance engine tracks the resonant frequency of an LRA in real time. If the resonant frequency shifts in the middle of a waveform for any reason, the engine will track it cycle to cycle. The auto resonance engine accomplishes this by constantly monitoring the back-EMF of the actuator. The DRV2603 tracking range for LRA devices is 140 Hz to 220 Hz. 8.3.7 Eccentric Rotating Mass Motors (ERM) Eccentric Rotating Mass motors, or ERMs, are typically DC-controlled motors of the bar or coin type. ERMs can be driven in the clockwise direction or counter-clockwise depending on the polarity of voltage across its two terminals. Bi-directional drive is made possible in a single-supply system by differential outputs that are capable of sourcing and sinking current. This feature helps eliminate long vibration tails which are undesirable in haptic feedback systems.. Figure 10. Reversal of Motor Direction 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 Feature Description (continued) Another common approach to driving DC motors is the concept of overdrive voltage. To overcome the inertia of the motor's mass, they are often overdriven for a short amount of time before returning to the motor's rated voltage to sustain the motor's rotation. Negative overdrive is also used to stop (or brake) an ERM quickly by reversing the magnetic field of the driving coil(s). 8.3.8 Edge Rate Control The DRV2603 output driver implements Edge Rate Control (ERC). This ensures that the rise and fall characteristics of the output drivers do not emit levels of radiation that could interfere with other circuitry common in mobile and portable platforms. Because of ERC, no output filter or ferrites are necessary. 8.4 Device Functional Modes 8.4.1 LRA Mode When in LRA mode, the DRV2603 employs a simple control scheme that is designed to be compatible with ERM mode signaling. A 100% input duty cycle gives full vibration strength, and a 0% to 50% input duty cycle gives no vibration strength. The auto resonance detection algorithm takes care of the physical layer signaling and commutation required by linear resonance actuators. The DRV2603 implements closed-loop operation comprising a simple feedback loop. If the back-EMF feedback tells the device that the vibration is too low relative to the input duty cycle, the DRV2603 will increase the vibration strength. If the back-EMF feedback tells the device that the vibration is too high relative to the input duty cycle, the DRV2603 automatically enforces a braking algorithm. It follows that a 0% to 50% input duty cycle will always enforce braking until the LRA is no longer moving. This form of signaling is used to preserve the same input format for both ERM and LRA drive; therefore, no software changes are required when switching between ERMs and LRAs with the DRV2603. Steady-State Output Drive 2.2 Vrms 1.1 Vrms Full Braking Input 0% 50% 75% 100% PWM Input Duty Cycle Figure 11. LRA Mode The exact full-scale output voltage depends on the physical construction of the LRA itself. Some LRA devices give a small amount of back-EMF during full scale vibration, and other LRA devices give a much larger amount. A nominal full-scale output value is 2.2 VRMS, but it can typically vary as much as +/- 10% depending on the actuator's physical design. The output voltage can be approximated by the following equation between 50% and 100% input duty cycle. é Input Duty Cycle % ù VOUT (RMS) = VOUT (FULL-SCALE) ê - 1ú 50 ë û (1) Since the DRV2603 includes constant output drive over supply voltage, the output PWM duty cycle will be adjusted so that the relationship in the above equation will hold true regardless of the supply voltage. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 9 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com Device Functional Modes (continued) 8.4.2 ERM Mode The DRV2603 is a compact, cost-effective driver solution for ERM motors. Most competing solutions require external components for biasing or level-shifting, but the DRV2603 requires only one decoupling capacitor giving a total approximate circuit size of 2 mm by 2 mm. This small solution size still comes packed with features such as a level-shifted input, differential outputs for braking, constant drive strength over supply, edge rate control, and a wide input PWM frequency range. When in ERM mode, the DRV2603 employs a simple control scheme. A 100% input duty cycle gives full-strength forward rotation, a 50% input duty cycle give no rotation strength, and a 0% duty cycle give full-strength reverse rotation. Forcing the motor velocity towards reverse rotation is used to implement motor braking in ERMs. By stringing together various duty cycles over varying amounts of time, a haptic motor control signal will be constructed at the output to precisely drive the motor. Output Drive 3.3 V 0V -3.3 V Input 0% 50% 100% PWM Input Duty Cycle Figure 12. ERM Mode The full-scale, open-load output voltage of the DRV2603 in ERM mode is 3.6V. The output stage has a total nominal RDS of 1.9 Ω. When driving a 20 Ω ERM at full-scale, the differential voltage seen at the outputs is approximately 3.3 V. When driving a 10 Ω ERM at full-scale, the output voltage is approximately 3.0 V. The voltage seen at the outputs as a function of input duty cycle is given by this equation. é Input Duty Cycle % ù VOUT = VOUT (FULL-SCALE) ê - 1ú 50 ë û (2) Since the DRV2603 includes constant output drive over supply voltage, the output PWM duty cycle will be adjusted so that the relationship in the above equation will hold true regardless of the supply voltage. The output duty cycle in ERM mode can be approximated by the following equation. VOUT(FULL-SCALE) éInput Duty Cycle % ù Output Duty Cycle (%) = - 1ú 100% ê VDD 50 ë û (3) 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 9 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 9.1 Application Information The DRV2603 is designed to drive ERM and LRA actuators used for haptic feedback. ERM and LRA actuators can be used for numerous haptic feedback applications including vibration alerts, advanced vibration communication, button replacement, and tactile feedback for touch surface or screens. The DRV2603 output is controlled using PWM input. The duty-cycle of the PWM determines the amplitude of the output waveform. By varying the duty cycle, advanced haptic patterns and sequences can be created such as click, bumps, pulses, ramps and many more. If a PWM port is not available, the DRV2603 PWM pin can be controlled with a GPIO; however, the DRV2603 will only function as an ON-OFF driver. In the case of an ERM, when the GPIO is ON the output is 100% and when the GPIO is OFF the output is -100% (opposite direction). In the case of an LRA, when the GPIO is ON the output is 100% and when the GPIO is OFF the driver automatically brakes and will automatically bring the actuator to rest. 9.2 Typical Application The DRV2603 supports both ERM and LRA actuators. The operating mode can be selected by pulling the LRA/ERM pin either HIGH or LOW. Figure 13 shows the LRA configuration and Figure 14 shows the ERM configuration. DRV2603 Application Processor GPIO EN OUT+ PWM PWM GND LRA / ERM VDD VDD 2.5 V to 5.2 V Linear Vibrator (LRA) OUTCVDD Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 13. System Diagram for LRA Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 11 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com Typical Application (continued) DRV2603 Application Processor GPIO EN OUT+ PWM PWM GND LRA / ERM VDD GND 2.5 V to 5.2 V DC Motor (ERM) OUTCVDD Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 14. System Diagram for ERM 9.2.1 Design Requirements This design assumes the values listed in Table 1. Table 1. Design Parameters DESIGN PARAMETER EXAMPLE VALUE Interface PWM Actuator Type ERM / LRA Input Power Source Battery 9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure 9.2.2.1 Actuator Selection The actuator decision is based on many factors including cost, form factor, vibration strength, power consumption requirements, haptic sharpness, reliability, and audible noise performance. The actuator selection is one of the most important design considerations of a haptic system and therefore the actuator should be the first component to consider when designing the system. The following can be used to select the minimum required supply voltage. 1. Find the rated and/or maximum operating voltage in the actuator datasheet; some actuator datasheets may only have the rated voltage listed. 2. Using the larger of the rated and maximum operating voltage, add 250mV to get the minimum operating voltage. Adding 250mV provides operating headroom to account for internal driver losses. 3. Check the supply voltage to ensure that the desired output is achieved. A minimum supply current is also required based on the load. To ensure enough current can be sourced divide the supply voltage above by the load resistance in the actuator datasheet. Compare this number with the current capability of the battery or voltage supply. 9.2.2.2 Power Supply Selection The DRV2603 supports supply voltages from 2.5 to 5.2V. The DRV2603 can be directly connected to many battery types including common batteries like Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Polymer. The supply rejection feature of the DRV2603 eliminates the need for a voltage regulator between the battery and VDD. 9.2.2.3 Sending a Haptic Effect Sending a haptic effect with the DRV2603 is straightforward. The procedure is the same for both ERM and LRA drive. The ERM/LRA pin should be tied high or low as shown in the system diagrams. Optimum performance is achieved by using the following steps. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 1. At or very near the same time, bring the EN pin high and start sourcing PWM waveform. No delays are required. The best startup behavior is usually achieved when momentarily overdriving the actuator for 20 ms to 50 ms. Reference the specifications of the actuator for optimum overdrive characteristics. 2. Change the PWM level as needed to achieve the desired effect. 3. When the effect is complete, set the PWM duty cycle to 0% if braking is desired. The EN pin must remain high to actively brake the actuator. When braking is complete, set the EN pin low, concluding the haptic effect. When braking an ERM, the user should take care not to brake the actuator for too long, or counterrotation can occur. When braking an LRA, the auto-resonance engine automatically drives the actuator to zero vibration, so no significant reverse-phase vibration will ever occur. 9.2.3 Application Curves VDD = 3.6 V LRA Mode VDD = 3.6 V ERM Mode EN PWM Accelerometer [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) Voltage − (2V/div) EN PWM Accelerometer [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m 0 40m Figure 15. LRA Click 160m 200m Figure 16. ERM Click VDD = 3.6 V ERM Mode PWM Sequence = {100%, 87.5%, 75%, 62.5%, 0%} EN PWM (Filtered) [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) EN PWM (Filtered) [OUT+] − [OUT−] (Filtered) Voltage − (2V/div) VDD = 3.6 V LRA Mode PWM Sequence = {100%, 87.5%, 75%, 62.5%, 0%} 80m 120m t − Time − s 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m Figure 17. LRA PWM Modulation 0 40m 80m 120m t − Time − s 160m 200m Figure 18. ERM PWM Modulation Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 13 DRV2603 SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 www.ti.com 10 Power Supply Recommendations The DRV2603 can operate from 2.5V to 5.2V. The DRV2603 VDD pin can be connected directly to a battery to eliminate a linear regulator or switching power supply. A small decoupling capacitor should be placed close to the DRV2603 VDD pin. 10.1 Decoupling Capacitor The DRV2603 has a switching output stage which pulls transient currents through the VDD pin. A 0.1 µF, low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) decoupling capacitor of the X5R or X7R type is recommended for smooth operation of the output driver and the digital portion of the device. 11 Layout 11.1 Layout Guidelines The following list contains guidelines for the DRV2603 layout: • The decoupling capacitor for the power supply should be placed close to the device pin (VDD). • The supply ground should be connected to all GND pins 11.2 Layout Example Figure 19 shows the recommended layout for the DRV2603. EN GND GND OUT+ OUT+ GND LRA/ERM VDD NC OUT- GND PWM Via CVDD VDD OUT- GND Figure 19. DRV2603 Layout Example 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 DRV2603 www.ti.com SLOS754C – JUNE 2012 – REVISED AUGUST 2016 12 Device and Documentation Support 12.1 Device Support 12.1.1 Development Support The DRV2603 is featured in several TI Designs, available online at http://www.ti.com/general/docs/refdesignsearch.tsp. TI Designs are analog solutions created by TI’s applications experts and offer the theory of operation, component selection, simulation, complete PCB schematic and layout, bill of materials, and measured performance of many useful circuits. • Haptics Enabled Gaming Controller Design - http://www.ti.com/tool/TIDM-LPBP-HAPTOUCH • DRV2603 Capacitive Touch Evaluation Module - http://www.ti.com/tool/drv2603evm-ct 12.2 Documentation Support 12.2.1 Related Documentation • Haptic Energy Consumption – SLOA194 • Benefits of LRA Auto-Resonance Tracking - SLOA188 • Haptics: Solutions for ERM and LRA Actuators - SSZB151 12.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document. 12.4 Community Resources The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use. TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help solve problems with fellow engineers. Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and contact information for technical support. 12.5 Trademarks E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments. TouchSense is a registered trademark of Immersion Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 12.7 Glossary SLYZ022 — TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: DRV2603 15 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead finish/ Ball material MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (3) (4/5) (6) DRV2603RUNR ACTIVE QFN RUN 10 3000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 2603 DRV2603RUNT ACTIVE QFN RUN 10 250 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 2603 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of