LMX2594EVM

www.ti.com Table of Contents User’s Guide LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Noel Fung, Julian Di Matteo ABSTRACT This Evaluation Module is for the LMX2594, which is the first PLL with integrated VCO in industry to get fundamental VCO output up to 15 GHz. The industry leading PLL FOM is –236 dBc/Hz with 1/f of –129 dBc/Hz. This device supports the JESD204B standard (as in the LMX2594 can generate or repeat the SYSREF signal), and is designed for clock high-speed data converters. The integrated jitter from the EVM measurements is less than 50 fs at 9-GHz carrier frequency. By providing a SYNC signal, the user can synchronize the output phase across multiple LMX2594 devices. The LMX2594 can also generate a frequency ramp as demonstrated in this evaluation module. With an on-board oscillator, the setup process only requires a 3.3-V power supply and a Reference Pro module (included for SPI Programming interface). The software is simple with an intuitive and user-friendly GUI. Figure 1-1. LMX2594EVM Table of Contents 1 Evaluation Board Setup......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 EVM Description..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 1 Trademarks www.ti.com 2.1 Installing the Software........................................................................................................................................................4 3 Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State........................................................................................................................................5 4 Loop Filter Configuration.......................................................................................................................................................5 5 Key Results to Expect............................................................................................................................................................ 6 A Schematic............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 B Bill of Materials.......................................................................................................................................................................8 C Board Layers Stack-Up..........................................................................................................................................................9 D Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup.........................................................................................................................11 E Connecting Reference Pro.................................................................................................................................................. 12 F Ramping Feature.................................................................................................................................................................. 14 G SYSREF Feature...................................................................................................................................................................15 H Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150)................................................................................................... 16 Revision History.......................................................................................................................................................................16 List of Figures Figure 1-1. LMX2594EVM........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 1-1. LMX2594EVM Setup.................................................................................................................................................3 Figure 2-1. LMX2594EVM Description........................................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2-2. Search for LMX2594 on TICS Pro.............................................................................................................................4 Figure 2-3. USB Communications on TICS Pro.......................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2-4. USB Communication Between TICS Pro and Reference Pro................................................................................... 4 Figure 3-1. TICS Pro GUI LMX2594 Default Configuration......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4-1. Loop Filter Configuration........................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 5-1. Phase Noise Plot at 14-GHz Output Frequency........................................................................................................6 Figure A-1. Schematic................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Figure C-1. Board Layer Stack-Up.............................................................................................................................................. 9 Figure C-2. Top Layer.................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Figure C-3. GND Layer................................................................................................................................................................9 Figure C-4. Power Layer............................................................................................................................................................10 Figure C-5. Bottom Layer.......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure E-1. LMX2594EVM Setup With Reference Pro.............................................................................................................. 12 Figure E-2. LMK61PD0A2 Output Termination..........................................................................................................................13 Figure F-1. Ramping Example...................................................................................................................................................14 Figure F-2. Ramping Example...................................................................................................................................................14 Figure G-1. SYSREF Example.................................................................................................................................................. 15 Figure H-1. Resistor Configuration to Enable DC-DC............................................................................................................... 16 List of Tables Table 2-1. Serial Interface Connector Description....................................................................................................................... 4 Table 4-1. Loop Filter Configuration.............................................................................................................................................5 Table B-1. Bill of Materials........................................................................................................................................................... 8 Table D-1. Reference Oscillator Requirements..........................................................................................................................11 Table D-2. Reference Clock Input Configuration........................................................................................................................11 Table E-1. Output Frequency of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro).............................................................................................. 12 Table E-2. Output Type of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro)........................................................................................................12 Table E-3. Output Termination Schemes................................................................................................................................... 13 Table G-1. SYSREF Modes....................................................................................................................................................... 15 Trademarks PLLATINUM™ is a trademark of Texas Instruments. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 2 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Evaluation Board Setup 1 Evaluation Board Setup Reference Pro board Clean 100 MHz clock source 3.3 V supply LMX2594EVM board Connect to a PC RFoutAP Connect to an analyzer oth ect b e Connl interfac seria gether to OSCinM can be left open (Optional) Add a XO here 50 termination Figure 1-1. LMX2594EVM Setup 1. Power: a. Set power supply to 3.3 V with 600-mA current limit and connect to VCC SMA. 2. Input Signal: a. Connect a clean 100-MHz clock source to the OSCinP SMA. 3. Programming Interface: • Reference Pro will provide SPI interface to program LMX2594. a. Connect USB cable from laptop or PC to USB port in Reference Pro. This provides power to Reference Pro board and communication with TICS GUI. b. Connect 10 pin ribbon cable from Reference Pro to LMX2594EVM as shown above. 4. Output: a. Connect RFoutAM or RFoutAP to a phase noise analyzer. Connect a 50-Ω resistor on the unused pin if you are using a single-ended output. Use a balun if you are using a differential output. 2 EVM Description The LMX2594 is populated on a 4-layer PCB. This brief description should help you use the EVM: Power supply 3.3 Volt Loop filter components (*_LF) Diff. RF Output A Diff. RF Output B SYNC Serial Interface Pin-out SYSREF 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9 LMX2594 1: SPI read block 2: Lock indicator Upper position = ON Lower position = OFF Lock indicator LED Reference input SE or Diff Figure 2-1. LMX2594EVM Description SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 3 EVM Description www.ti.com The serial interface pin description is shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1. Serial Interface Connector Description NO. NAME 1 RAMPDIR and CE (Choose with Resistors on Board) 2 CSB 3 MUXout 4 SDI 5 Not Used 6 GND 7 RampCLK 8 SCK 9 SysRefReq 10 SYNC 2.1 Installing the Software 1. Download TICS Pro from the TI Website at www.ti.com/tool/TICSPRO-SW. 2. Install the software by following the wizard. 3. Search for the LMX2594. In the menu bar, search Select Device → PLL + VCO → LMX2594 Figure 2-2. Search for LMX2594 on TICS Pro 4. You are now ready to use this software. Verify that you can communicate with Reference Pro. Select Interface under USB communications. Figure 2-3. USB Communications on TICS Pro 5. Click on Identify and you will see the LED (MSP430 Supplied) blinks on Reference Pro. Figure 2-4. USB Communication Between TICS Pro and Reference Pro 4 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State 3 Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State 1. Load the default mode by clicking on Default configuration → Default Mode xxxx-xx-xx. 2. From the menu bar, select USB communications → Write All Registers, to write all the registers to LMX2594. Figure 3-1. TICS Pro GUI LMX2594 Default Configuration 4 Loop Filter Configuration The parameters for the loop filters are: Table 4-1. Loop Filter Configuration PARAMETER VALUE VCO Gain 132 MHz/V Loop Bandwidth 285 kHz Phase Margin 65 deg C1_LF 390 pF C2_LF 68 nF C3_LF Open C4_LF 1800 pF R2 68 Ω R3_LF 0Ω R4_LF 18 Ω Effective Charge Pump Gain 15 mA Phase Detector Frequency (MHz) 200 MHz VCO Frequency Designed for 15 GHz, but works over the whole frequency range SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 5 Key Results to Expect www.ti.com Figure 4-1. Loop Filter Configuration For detailed design and simulation of TI's PLLATINUM™ integrated circuits, see the PLLatinum Sim Tool. For application notes, blogs, or videos on TI PLL products, see http://www.ti.com/pll. 5 Key Results to Expect Figure 5-1. Phase Noise Plot at 14-GHz Output Frequency This assumes that the input reference is very clean, such as a 100-MHz Wenzel oscillator. A signal generator is NOT sufficiently clean. 6 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Schematic A Schematic Figure A-1. Schematic SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 7 Bill of Materials www.ti.com B Bill of Materials Table B-1. Bill of Materials 8 DESIGNATOR DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER QUANTITY C1, C3, C9, C14, C15, C17, C30 CAP, CERM, 0.1 µF, 16 V, ±5%, X7R, 0603 AVX 0603YC104JAT2A 7 C1_LF CAP, CERM, 390 pF, 50 V, ±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603 Kemet C0603C391J5GACTU 1 C2, C4, C8, C16 CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 10 V, ±10%, X5R, 0805 Kemet C0805C106K8PACTU 4 C2_LF CAP, CERM, 0.068 µF, 50 V, ±10%, X7R, 0603 MuRata GRM188R71H683KA93D 1 C4_LF CAP, CERM, 1800 pF, 50 V, ±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603 MuRata GRM1885C1H182JA01D 1 C5, C6, C7, C10, C11, C12 CAP, CERM, 0.01 µF, 16 V, ±10%, X7R, 0402 AT Ceramics 520L103KT16T 6 C18, C23, C24, C26, C27, C28, C29 CAP, CERM, 1 µF, 16 V, ±10%, X7R, 0603 TDK C1608X7R1C105K080AC 7 C19, C20, C21, C22, C25 CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 10 V, ±20%, X5R, 0603 TDK C1608X5R1A106M080AC 5 CE_TP, CSB_TP, GND_TP, MUXout_TP, RampCLK_TP, RampDIR_TP, SCK_TP, SDI_TP, SYNC_TP, SysRefReq_TP, Vcc_TP, VccRF_TP, Vtune_TP Test Point, Compact, White, TH Keystone 5007 13 Cin_0 CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 25 V, ±10%, X5R, 0805 MuRata GRM219R61E106KA12D 1 Cout0 CAP, CERM, 22 µF, 16 V, ±10%, X5R, 0805 TDK C2012X5R1C226K125AC 1 Css CAP, CERM, 3300 pF, 50 V, ±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603 MuRata GRM1885C1H332JA01D 1 D1 LED, Green, SMD Lite-On LTST-C190GKT 1 L1, L2 Inductor, Multilayer, Air Core, 18 nH, 0.3 A, 0.36 Ω, SMD MuRata LQG15HS18NJ02D 2 L1_TPS Inductor, Shielded, Composite, 2.2 µH, 3.7 A, 0.02 Ω, SMD Coilcraft XFL4020-222MEB 1 MUXout_SW Switch, SPST, Slide, Off-On, 2 Pos, 0.1 A, 20 V, SMD CTS Electrocomponents 219-2MST 1 OSCinM, OSCinP, SYNC, SysRef, Vcc Connector, SMT, End launch SMA 50 ohm Emerson Network Power Connectivity 142-0701-851 5 R1 RES, 330 Ω, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Yageo America RC0603JR-07330RL 1 R2 RES, 100 k, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603100KJNEA 1 R2_LF RES, 68, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060368R0JNEA 1 R3_LF, R12, R15, R24, R26, R25, R30, R31, R34, R35, R36, R41, R42, R43, R44, R45 RES, 0, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW06030000Z0EA 16 R4_LF RES, 18, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060318R0JNEA 1 R5, R7, R8, R9, R16, R19, R20, R22 RES, 12 kΩ, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060312K0JNEA 8 R37, R38, R39, R40 RES, 50, 0.1%, 0.05 W, 0402 Vishay-Dale FC0402E50R0BST1 4 Rfbb1 RES, 180 k, 0.1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Yageo America RT0603BRD07180KL 1 Rfbt1 RES, 562 k, 1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603562KFKEA 1 RFoutAM, RFoutAP, RFoutBM, RFoutBP JACK, SMA, 50 Ω, Gold, Edge Mount Johnson 142-0771-831 4 U1 Wideband RF Synthesizer Texas Instruments LMX2594RHAR 1 uWire Header (shrouded), 100 mil, 5x2, Gold plated, SMD FCI 52601-S10-8LF 1 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Board Layers Stack-Up C Board Layers Stack-Up Top layer RO4003 (Er = 3.38) 16 mil GND layer FR4 (Er = 4.6) Power layer 62 mil The top layer is 1-oz. copper. FR4 (Er = 4.6) Bottom layer Figure C-1. Board Layer Stack-Up Figure C-2. Top Layer Figure C-3. GND Layer SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 9 Board Layers Stack-Up www.ti.com Figure C-4. Power Layer Figure C-5. Bottom Layer 10 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup D Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup The reference can be single-ended or differential. To measure the performance of the PLL ONLY, the reference should have at least this level of performance. We understand that this can be a challenge at 100-Hz offset: Table D-1. Reference Oscillator Requirements 100-MHz REFERENCE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR A 0.4-dB IMPACT ON PLL INBAND PN(1) (1) Offset [Hz] 100 1k 10k 100k Noise level [dBc/Hz] –139 –149 –159 –164 A noise source 10 dB down from the PLL noise will contribute to raise the noise by 0.4 dB. There are different options to provide a reference oscillator to LMX2594. Use on-board oscillator, enable LMK61xx from Reference Pro PCB, or use external oscillator. By default, the EVM is configured for an external single-ended clock. Table D-2. Reference Clock Input Configuration INPUT EXTERNAL CLOCK CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR Singleended Differential (LVDS) SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 11 Connecting Reference Pro www.ti.com E Connecting Reference Pro To use Reference Pro, change the configuration for SE or differential connection as shown on Appendix D. Figure E-1. LMX2594EVM Setup With Reference Pro The LMK61PD0A2 has several control pins dedicated for output format control, output frequency control, and output enable control. These control pins can be configured through the jumpers shown in Table E-1 and Table E-2. Jumpers FS1, FS0, OS, and OE can be used to configure the corresponding control pin to either high or low state by strapping the center pin to VDD position (tie pins 2-3) or GND position (tie pins 1-2), respectively. Connections from the VDD position to the device supply or from the GND position to the ground plane are connected by 1.5-kΩ resistors. Table E-1. Output Frequency of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro) FS1 FS0 OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 0 0 100 0 NC 312.5 0 1 125 NC 0 106.25 NC NC 156.25 NC 1 212.5 1 0 62.5 Table E-2. Output Type of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro) OS OE OUTPUT TYPE X O Disabled (PLL Functional) 0 1 LVPECL NC 1 LVDS 1 1 HCSL The OS pin is used to bias internal drivers and change the output type. It is imperative to match the output termination passive components as shown on Table E-3 with the output type from Table E-2. 12 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com Connecting Reference Pro Table E-3 lists component values for each configuration. Table E-3. Output Termination Schemes OUTPUT FORMAT COUPLING COMPONENT VALUE LVPECL AC (default EVM configuration) R25, R28 0Ω R26, R29 150 Ω C24, C25 0.01 µF R27, R30, R31 DNP R25, R28, C24, C25 0Ω R26, R29, R27, R30, R31 DNP R25, R28, R27, R30 0Ω R31 100 Ω C24, C25 0.01 µF R26, R29 DNP R25, R27, R28, R30, C24, C25 0Ω R31 100 Ω R26, R29 DNP R25, R28 0Ω R26, R29 50 Ω C24, C25 0Ω R27, R30, R31 DNP R25, R28 0Ω R26, R29 50 Ω C24, C25 0.01 µF R27. R30, R31 DNP DC(1) LVDS(2) AC DC HCSL AC DC (1) (2) 50 Ω to VCC – 2-V termination is required on receiver. 100-Ω differential termination (R31) is provided on Reference Pro PCB. Removing the differential termination on the EVM is possible if the differential termination is available on the receiver. Figure E-2. LMK61PD0A2 Output Termination SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 13 Ramping Feature www.ti.com F Ramping Feature VCO is ramping from 12 to 12.125 GHz. This can be set up on the ramp GUI tab. Figure F-1. Ramping Example Figure F-2. Ramping Example 14 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback www.ti.com SYSREF Feature G SYSREF Feature 1. Configure TICS Pro PLL tab for SYSREF. • Check the SYSREF_EN box and VCO_PHASE_SYNC box. • Change OUTB_MUX to SysRef and uncheck the OUT_PD box. • Confirm the Interpolator frequency is between 800 MHz and 1500 MHz. If not, change the SYSREF_DIV_PRE drop-down to Div2 or Div4. • To modify SYSREF frequency, change the value in the SYSREF_DIV box. • Go to User Controls in the side bar, make sure the INPIN_IGNORE box is unchecked. 2. Click the Toggle SysRefReq Pin box to initiate SYSREF. Figure G-1. SYSREF Example Table G-1. SYSREF Modes MODE NAME Master Continuos Master - Pulse Repeater DESCRIPTION TICS PRO - SYS REF SETTINGS LMX2594 generates SysRef pulses as long as SysRefReq Default mode. See quick start instructions pin is held high. LMX2594 generates a finite number of pulses as long as the SysRefReq pin is held high. Note: SysRefReq must be held high for the duration of the pulses. RFOUTB will repeat external input to SysRefReq pin. Output will be reclocked to LMX2594 internal frequency SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback • Uncheck SysRefReq under Pins in User Controls tab • Check SYSREF_PULSE • Set SYSREF_PULSE_CNT to desired number of pulses • Check SysRefReq under Pins in User Controls tab • Uncheck SysRefReq • Check SysRef_Repeat LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated 15 Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150) www.ti.com H Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150) Figure H-1. Resistor Configuration to Enable DC-DC 1. 2. 3. 4. MUST SWITCH R35 to Rtps1 MUST SWITCH R34 to Rtps2 Populate Rtps DC-DC circuitry was optimized for efficiency for 5 to 8 V, but a voltage of 3.3 V to 17 V can be applied to VCC SMA after resistor network is configured correctly from steps above. Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. Changes from Revision A (March 2020) to Revision B (July 2021) Page • Updated the numbering format for tables, figures and cross-references throughout the document...................3 16 LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNAU210B – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JULY 2021 Submit Document Feedback IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER TI PROVIDES TECHNICAL AND RELIABILITY DATA (INCLUDING DATA SHEETS), DESIGN RESOURCES (INCLUDING REFERENCE DESIGNS), APPLICATION OR OTHER DESIGN ADVICE, WEB TOOLS, SAFETY INFORMATION, AND OTHER RESOURCES “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS, AND DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. These resources are intended for skilled developers designing with TI products. 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