DS2152L+

DS2152 Enhanced T1 Single-Chip Transceiver www.maxim-ic.com FEATURES PIN CONFIGURATION TOP VIEW DS2152 100 Complete DS1/ISDN-PRI Transceiver Functionality Line Interface can Handle Both Long- and Short-Haul Trunks 32-Bit or 128-Bit Crystal-Less Jitter Attenuator Generates DSX-1 and CSU Line Build-Outs Frames to D4, ESF, and SLC-96R Formats Dual On-Board Two-Frame Elastic Store Slip Buffers That can Connect to Asynchronous Backplanes Up to 8.192MHz 8-Bit Parallel Control Port That can be Used Directly on Either Multiplexed or Nonmultiplexed Buses (Intel or Motorola) Extracts and Inserts Robbed-Bit Signaling Detects and Generates Yellow (RAI) and Blue (AIS) Alarms Programmable Output Clocks for Fractional T1 Fully Independent Transmit and Receive Functionality Integral HDLC Controller with 16-Byte Buffers for the FDL Generates and Detects In-Band Loop Codes from 1 to 8 bits in Length Including CSU Loop Codes Contains ANSI Ones Density Monitor and Enforcer Large Path and Line Error Counters Including BPV, CV, CRC6, and Framing Bit Errors Pin Compatible with DS2154 E1 Enhanced Single-Chip Transceiver 5V Supply; Low-Power CMOS 100-Pin, 14mm2 LQFP Package 1 LQFP (14mm x 14mm) ORDERING INFORMATION PART DS2152L DS2152L+ DS2152LN DS2152LN+ TEMP RANGE 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C PINPACKAGE 100 LQFP 100 LQFP 100 LQFP 100 LQFP +Denotes lead-free/RoHS-compliant package. Note: Some revisions of this device may incorporate deviations from published specifications known as errata. Multiple revisions of any device may be simultaneously available through various sales channels. For information about device errata, click here: www.maxim-ic.com/errata. 1 of 97 REV: 011706 DS2152 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................6 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1 1.2 1.3 2 New Features......................................................................................................................................... 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 7 READER’S NOTE.............................................................................................................................. 7 PIN DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 4 TRANSMIT SIDE DIGITAL PINS ........................................................................................................ 11 RECEIVE SIDE DIGITAL PINS .......................................................................................................... 12 PARALLEL CONTROL PORT PINS .................................................................................................... 13 LINE INTERFACE PINS .................................................................................................................... 14 SUPPLY PINS ................................................................................................................................ 14 PARALLEL PORT ...............................................................................................................18 CONTROL, ID, AND TEST REGISTERS ............................................................................18 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 6 PAYLOAD LOOPBACK ..................................................................................................................... 24 FRAMER LOOPBACK ...................................................................................................................... 24 PULSE DENSITY ENFORCER ........................................................................................................... 24 LOCAL LOOPBACK ......................................................................................................................... 24 POWER-UP SEQUENCE ................................................................................................................. 30 REMOTE LOOPBACK ...................................................................................................................... 30 STATUS AND INFORMATION REGISTERS ......................................................................31 ERROR COUNT REGISTERS.............................................................................................40 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 8 LINE CODE VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER (LCVCR) ....................................................................... 40 PATH CODE VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER (PCVCR)...................................................................... 41 MULTIFRAMES OUT OF SYNC COUNT REGISTER (MOSCR) ............................................................ 41 DS0 MONITORING FUNCTION ..........................................................................................43 SIGNALING OPERATION...................................................................................................47 8.1 8.2 PROCESSOR-BASED SIGNALING .................................................................................................... 47 HARDWARE-BASED SIGNALING ...................................................................................................... 49 8.2.1 8.2.2 9 Receive Side ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Transmit Side ....................................................................................................................................... 49 PER-CHANNEL CODE (IDLE) GENERATION AND LOOPBACK .....................................50 9.1 TRANSMIT SIDE CODE GENERATION .............................................................................................. 50 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.2 RECEIVE SIDE CODE GENERATION ................................................................................................ 52 9.2.1 9.2.2 10 11 Simple Code Insertion.......................................................................................................................... 52 Per-Channel Code Insertion ................................................................................................................ 52 CLOCK BLOCKING REGISTERS....................................................................................54 ELASTIC STORES OPERATION.....................................................................................55 11.1 11.2 11.3 12 Simple Idle Code Insertion and Per-Channel Loopback...................................................................... 50 Per-Channel Code Insertion ................................................................................................................ 51 RECEIVE SIDE ............................................................................................................................ 55 TRANSMIT SIDE .......................................................................................................................... 55 MINIMUM DELAY SYNCHRONOUS RSYSCLK/TSYSCLK MODE ................................................... 56 FDL/FS EXTRACTION AND INSERTION ........................................................................57 12.1 12.1.1 12.1.2 HDLC AND BOC CONTROLLER FOR THE FDL............................................................................. 57 Status Register for the FDL ................................................................................................................. 57 Basic Operation Details........................................................................................................................ 58 2 of 97 DS2152 12.1.3 12.1.4 12.1.5 12.1.6 12.2 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.3 13 14 15 LEGACY FDL SUPPORT .............................................................................................................. 67 Receive Section ................................................................................................................................... 67 Transmit Section .................................................................................................................................. 68 D4/SLC-96 OPERATION ......................................................................................................... 69 PROGRAMMABLE IN-BAND CODE GENERATION AND DETECTION ........................70 TRANSMIT TRANSPARENCY.........................................................................................74 LINE INTERFACE FUNCTION .........................................................................................75 15.1 15.2 15.3 16 17 18 19 Receive an HDLC Message or a BOC................................................................................................. 59 Transmit an HDLC Message................................................................................................................ 59 Transmit a BOC ................................................................................................................................... 59 HDLC/BOC Register Description ......................................................................................................... 60 RECEIVE CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY....................................................................................... 76 TRANSMIT WAVESHAPING AND LINE DRIVING .............................................................................. 76 JITTER ATTENUATOR .................................................................................................................. 77 TIMING DIAGRAMS .........................................................................................................80 DC CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................................86 AC CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................................87 PACKAGE INFORMATION..............................................................................................97 19.1 100-PIN LQFP (56-G5002-000) ................................................................................................ 97 3 of 97 DS2152 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1. DS2152 Enhanced T1 Single-Chip Transceiver ...................................................................... 8 Figure 15-1. External Analog Connections............................................................................................... 78 Figure 15-2. Jitter Tolerance .................................................................................................................... 78 Figure 15-3. Transmit Waveform Template .............................................................................................. 79 Figure 15-4. Jitter Attenuation .................................................................................................................. 79 Figure 16-1. Receive Side D4 Timing....................................................................................................... 80 Figure 16-2. Receive Side Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Disabled) .............................................. 80 Figure 16-3. Receive Side Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Disabled) .............................................. 81 Figure 16-4. Receive Side 1.544MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) ............................. 81 Figure 16-5. Receive Side 2.048MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) ............................. 82 Figure 16-6. Transmit Side D4 Timing...................................................................................................... 82 Figure 16-7. Transmit Side Timing ........................................................................................................... 83 Figure 16-8. Transmit Side Boundary Timing ........................................................................................... 83 Figure 16-9. Transmit Side 1.544MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) ............................ 84 Figure 16-10. Transmit Side 2.048MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) .......................... 84 Figure 16-11. Transmit Data Flow ............................................................................................................ 85 Figure 18-1. Intel Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 1) .................................................................... 87 Figure 18-2. Intel Bus Write AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 1)..................................................................... 88 Figure 18-3. Motorola Bus AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 1)....................................................................... 88 Figure 18-4. Receive Side AC Timing ...................................................................................................... 90 Figure 18-5. Receive System Side AC Timing ......................................................................................... 91 Figure 18-6. Receive Line Interface AC Timing........................................................................................ 91 Figure 18-7. Transmit Side AC Timing ..................................................................................................... 93 Figure 18-8. Transmit System Side AC Timing ........................................................................................ 94 Figure 18-9. Transmit Line Interface Side AC Timing............................................................................... 94 Figure 18-10. Intel Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 0) .................................................................. 95 Figure 18-11. Intel Bus Write AC Timing (BTS=0/MUX=0)....................................................................... 96 Figure 18-12. Motorola Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 0) ........................................................... 96 Figure 18-13. Motorola Bus Write AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 0) ........................................................... 96 4 of 97 DS2152 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Register Map ........................................................................................................................... 15 Table 4-1. Output Pin Test Modes............................................................................................................ 22 Table 5-1. Receive T1 Level Indication .................................................................................................... 34 Table 5-2. Alarm Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 36 Table 6-1. Line Code Violation Counting Arrangements .......................................................................... 40 Table 6-2. Path Code Violation Counting Arrangements.......................................................................... 41 Table 6-3. Multiframes Out of Sync Counting Arrangements ................................................................... 42 Table 12-1. HDLC/BOC Controller Register List ...................................................................................... 57 Table 13-1. Transmit Code Length........................................................................................................... 71 Table 13-2. Receive Code Length............................................................................................................ 71 Table 15-1. Line Build-Out Select in LICR................................................................................................ 76 Table 15-2. Transformer Specifications.................................................................................................... 77 Table 17-1. Recommended DC Operating Conditions ............................................................................. 86 Table 17-2. Capacitance .......................................................................................................................... 86 Table 17-3. DC Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 86 Table 18-1. AC Characteristics—Multiplexed Parallel Port (MUX = 1)..................................................... 87 Table 18-2. AC Characteristics—Receive Side ........................................................................................ 89 Table 18-3. AC Characteristics—Transmit Side ....................................................................................... 92 Table 18-4. AC Characteristics—Nonmultiplexed Parallel Port (MUX = 0) .............................................. 95 5 of 97 DS2152 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION The DS2152 T1 enhanced single-chip transceiver (SCT) contains all the necessary functions for connection to T1 lines, whether they be DS-1 long haul or DSX-1 short haul. The clock recovery circuitry automatically adjusts to T1 lines from 0 feet to over 6000 feet in length. The device can generate both DSX-1 line build-outs as well as CSU line build-outs of -7.5dB, -15dB, and -22.5dB. The on-board jitter attenuator (selectable to either 32 bits or 128 bits) can be placed in either the transmit or receive data paths. The framer locates the frame and multiframe boundaries and monitors the data stream for alarms. It is also used for extracting and inserting robbed-bit signaling data and FDL data. The device contains a set of internal registers that the user can access and control the operation of the unit. Quick access via the parallel control port allows a single controller to handle many T1 lines. The device fully meets all the latest T1 specifications including ANSI T1.403-1995, ANSI T1.231-1993, AT&T TR 62411 (12-90), AT&T TR54016, and ITU G.703, G.704, G.706, G.823, and I.431. 1.1 Introduction The DS2152 is a superset version of the popular DS2151 T1 single-chip transceiver offering the new features listed below. All of the original features of the DS2151 have been retained and software created for the original devices is transferable into the DS2152. 1.1.1 New Features Option for non-multiplexed bus operation Crystal-less jitter attenuation Additional hardware signaling capability including: – Receive signaling reinsertion to a backplane multiframe sync – Availability of signaling in a separate PCM data stream – Signaling freezing – Interrupt generated on change of signaling data Per-channel code insertion in both transmit and receive paths Full HDLC controller for the FDL with 16-byte buffers in both transmit and receive paths RCL, RLOS, RRA, and RAIS alarms now interrupt on change of state 8.192MHz clock synthesizer Per-channel loopback Addition of hardware pins to indicate carrier loss and signaling freeze Line interface function can be completely decoupled from the framer/formatter to allow: – Interface to optical, HDSL, and other NRZ interfaces – Ability to “tap” the transmit and receive bipolar data streams for monitoring purposes – Ability to corrupt data and insert framing errors, CRC errors, etc. Transmit and receive elastic stores now have independent backplane clocks Ability to monitor one DS0 channel in both the transmit and receive paths Access to the data streams in between the framer/formatter and the elastic stores AIS generation in the line interface that is independent of loopbacks Ability to calculate and check CRC6 according to the Japanese standard Ability to pass the F-bit position through the elastic stores in the 2.048MHz backplane mode Programmable in-band loop code generator and detector 6 of 97 DS2152 1.2 Functional Description The analog AMI/B8ZS waveform off the T1 line is transformer-coupled into the RRING and RTIP pins of the DS2152. The device recovers clock and data from the analog signal and passes it through the jitter attenuation mux to the receive side framer where the digital serial stream is analyzed to locate the framing/multi-frame pattern. The DS2152 contains an active filter that reconstructs the analog received signal for the non-linear losses that occur in transmission. The device has a usable receive sensitivity of 0dB to -36dB, which allows the device to operate on cables up to 6000 feet in length. The receive side framer locates D4 (SLC-96) or ESF multiframe boundaries as well as detects incoming alarms, including carrier loss, loss of synchronization, blue (AIS) and yellow alarms. If needed, the receive side elastic store can be enabled in order to absorb the phase and frequency differences between the recovered T1 data stream and an asynchronous backplane clock which is provided at the RSYSCLK input. The clock applied at the RSYSCLK input can be either a 2.048MHz clock or a 1.544MHz clock. The RSYSCLK can be a bursty clock with speeds up to 8.192MHz. The transmit side of the DS2152 is totally independent from the receive side in both the clock requirements and characteristics. Data off of a backplane can be passed through a transmit side elastic store if necessary. The transmit formatter will provide the necessary frame/multiframe data overhead for T1 transmission. Once the data stream has been prepared for transmission, it is sent via the jitter attenuation mux to the waveshaping and line driver functions. The DS2152 will drive the T1 line from the TTIP and TRING pins via a coupling transformer. The line driver can handle both long (CSU) and short haul (DSX-1) lines. 1.3 Reader’s Note This data sheet assumes a particular nomenclature of the T1 operating environment. In each 125µs frame, there are 24 8-bit channels plus a framing bit. It is assumed that the framing bit is sent first followed by channel 1. Each channel is made up of 8 bits that are numbered 1 to 8. Bit number 1 is the MSB and is transmitted first. Bit number 8 is the LSB and is transmitted last. Throughout this data sheet, the following abbreviations are used: D4 SLC-96 ESF B8ZS CRC Ft Fs FPS MF BOC HDLC FDL Superframe (12 frames per multiframe) Multiframe Structure Subscriber Loop Carrier - 96 Channels (SLC-96 is an AT&T registered trademark) Extended Superframe (24 frames per multiframe) Multiframe Structure Bipolar with 8 0 Substitution Cyclical Redundancy Check Terminal Framing Pattern in D4 Signaling Framing Pattern in D4 Framing Pattern in ESF Multiframe Bit Oriented Code High Level Data Link Control Facility Data Link 7 of 97 DS2152 Figure 1-1. DS2152 Enhanced T1 Single-Chip Transceiver 8 of 97 DS2152 2 PIN DESCRIPTION PIN 1 2, 4, 5, 7–10, 15, 23, 26, 27, 28, 36, 54, 76 3 6 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19, 20, 24 21 22 25 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44, 61, 81, 83 45, 60, 80, 84 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 55 56 NAME RCHBLK TYPE O FUNCTION N.C. — No Connection. These pins should be left open circuited. 8MCLK RCL BTS LIUC 8XCLK TEST RTIP RRING RVDD RVSS MCLK XTALD INT TTIP TVSS TVDD TRING TCHBLK TLCLK TLINK TSYNC TPOSI TNEGI TCLKI TCLKO TNEGO TPOSO O O I I O I I I — — I O O O — — O O O I I/O I I I O O O 8.192MHz Clock Receive Carrier Loss Bus Type Select Line Interface Connect Eight Times Clock Test Receive Analog Tip Input Receive Analog Ring Input Receive Analog Positive Supply Receive Analog Signal Ground Master Clock Input Quartz Crystal Driver Active-Low Interrupt Transmit Analog Tip Output Transmit Analog Signal Ground Transmit Analog Positive Supply Transmit Analog Ring Output Transmit Channel Block Transmit Link Clock Transmit Link Data Transmit Sync Transmit Positive Data Input Transmit Negative Data Input Transmit Clock Input Transmit Clock Output Transmit Negative Data Output Transmit Positive Data Output DVDD — Digital Positive Supply DVSS — Digital Signal Ground TCLK TSER TSIG TESO TDATA TSYSCLK TSSYNC TCHCLK MUX D0/AD0 I I I O I I I O I I/O Transmit Clock Transmit Serial Data Transmit Signaling Input Transmit Elastic Store Output Transmit Data Transmit System Clock Transmit System Sync Transmit Channel Clock Bus Operation Data Bus Bit 0/Address/Data Bus Bit 0 Receive Channel Block 9 of 97 DS2152 PIN 57 58 59 62 63 64 65 66–72 73 74 NAME D1/AD1 D2/AD2 D3/AD3 D4/AD4 D5/AD5 D6/AD6 D7/AD7 A0–A6 A7/ALE RD(DS) TYPE I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I I I 75 CS I 77 78 79 82 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 WR(R/W) RLINK RLKCLK RCLK RDATA RPOSI RNEGI RCLKI RCLKO RNEGO RPOSO RCHCLK RSIGF RSIG RSER RMSYNC RFSYNC RSYNC RLOS/LOTC RSYSCLK I O O O O I I I O O O O O O O O O I/O O I FUNCTION Data Bus Bit 1/Address/Data Bus Bit 1 Data Bus Bit 2/Address/Data Bus Bit 2 Data Bus Bit 3/Address/Data Bus Bit 3 Data Bus Bit 4/Address/Data Bus Bit 4 Data Bus Bit 5/Address/Data Bus Bit 5 Data Bus Bit 6/Address/Data Bus Bit 6 Data Bus Bit 7/Address/Data Bus Bit 7 Address Bus Bit 0 Address Bus Bit 7/Address Latch Enable Active-Low Read Input (Data Strobe) Active-Low Chip Select Active-Low Write Input (Read/Write) Receive Link Data Receive Link Clock Receive Clock Receive Data Receive Positive Data Input Receive Negative Data Input Receive Clock Input Receive Clock Output Receive Negative Data Output Receive Positive Data Output Receive Channel Clock Receive Signaling Freeze Output Receive Signaling Output Receive Serial Data Receive Multiframe Sync Receive Frame Sync Receive Sync Receive Loss of Sync/Loss of Transmit Clock Receive System Clock 10 of 97 DS2152 2.1 Transmit Side Digital Pins PIN NAME 46 TCLK 47 TSER 53 TCHCLK 33 TCHBLK 51 TSYSCLK 34 TLCLK 35 TLINK 37 TSYNC 52 TSSYNC 48 TSIG 49 TESO 50 TDATA 43 TPOSO 42 TNEGO 41 TCLKO 38 TPOSI FUNCTION Transmit Clock. A 1.544MHz primary clock. Used to clock data through the transmit side formatter. Transmit Serial Data. Transmit NRZ serial data. Sampled on the falling edge of TCLK when the transmit side elastic store is disabled. Sampled on the falling edge of TSYSCLK when the transmit side elastic store is enabled. Transmit Channel Clock. A 192kHz clock that pulses high during the LSB of each channel. Synchronous with TCLK when the transmit side elastic store is disabled. Synchronous with TSYSCLK when the transmit side elastic store is enabled. Useful for parallel to serial conversion of channel data. Transmit Channel Block. A user-programmable output that can be forced high or low during any of the 24 T1 channels. Synchronous with TCLK when the transmit side elastic store is disabled. Synchronous with TSYSCLK when the transmit side elastic store is enabled. Useful for blocking clocks to a serial UART or LAPD controller in applications where not all T1 channels are used such as Fractional T1, 384kbps (H0), 768kbps, or ISDN-PRI. Also useful for locating individual channels in drop-and-insert applications, for external per-channel loopback, and for per-channel conditioning. See Section 10 for details. Transmit System Clock. 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz clock. Only used when the transmit side elastic store function is enabled. Should be tied low in applications that do not use the transmit side elastic store. Can be burst at rates up to 8.192MHz. Transmit Link Clock. 4 kHz or 2kHz (ZBTSI) demand clock for the TLINK input. See Section 12 for details. Transmit Link Data [TLINK]. Transmit Link Data. If enabled via TCR1.2, this pin will be sampled on the falling edge of TCLK for data insertion into either the FDL stream (ESF) or the Fs-bit position (D4) or the Z-bit position (ZBTSI). See Section 12 for details. Transmit Sync. A pulse at this pin will establish either frame or multiframe boundaries for the transmit side. Via TCR2.2, the DS2152 can be programmed to output either a frame or multiframe pulse at this pin. If this pin is set to output pulses at frame boundaries, it can also be set via TCR2.4 to output double-wide pulses at signaling frames. See Section 16 for details. Transmit System Sync. Only used when the transmit side elastic store is enabled. A pulse at this pin will establish either frame or multiframe boundaries for the transmit side. Should be tied low in applications that do not use the transmit side elastic store. Transmit Signaling Input. When enabled, this input will sample signaling bits for insertion into outgoing PCM T1 data stream. Sampled on the falling edge of TCLK when the transmit side elastic store is disabled. Sampled on the falling edge of TSYSCLK when the transmit side elastic store is enabled. Transmit Elastic Store Data Output. Updated on the rising edge of TCLK with data out of the transmit side elastic store whether the elastic store is enabled or not. This pin is normally tied to TDATA. Transmit Data. Sampled on the falling edge of TCLK with data to be clocked through the transmit side formatter. This pin is normally tied to TESO. Transmit Positive Data Output. Updated on the rising edge of TCLKO with the bipolar data out of the transmit side formatter. Can be programmed to source NRZ data via the Output Data Format (CCR1.6) control bit. This pin is normally tied to TPOSI. Transmit Negative Data Output. Updated on the rising edge of TCLKO with the bipolar data out of the transmit side formatter. This pin is normally tied to TNEGI. Transmit Clock Output. Buffered clock that is used to clock data through the transmit side formatter (i.e., either TCLK or RCLKI). This pin is normally tied to TCLKI. Transmit Positive Data Input. Sampled on the falling edge of TCLKI for data to be 11 of 97 DS2152 PIN NAME 39 TNEGI 40 TCLKI FUNCTION transmitted out onto the T1 line. Can be internally connected to TPOSO by tying the LIUC pin high. TPOSI and TNEGI can be tied together in NRZ applications. Transmit Negative Data Input. Sampled on the falling edge of TCLKI for data to be transmitted out onto the T1 line. Can be internally connected to TNEGO by tying the LIUC pin high. TPOSI and TNEGI can be tied together in NRZ applications. Transmit Clock Input. Line interface transmit clock. Can be internally connected to TCLKO by tying the LIUC pin high. 2.2 Receive Side Digital Pins PIN NAME 78 RLINK 79 RLCLK 82 RCLK 92 RCHCLK 1 RCHBLK 95 RSER 98 RSYNC 97 RFSYNC 96 RMSYNC 85 RDATA 100 RSYSCLK 94 RSIG FUNCTION Receive Link Data. Updated with either FDL data (ESF) or Fs bits (D4) or Z bits (ZBTSI) one RCLK before the start of a frame. See Section 16 for details. Receive Link Clock. A 4kHz or 2 kHz (ZBTSI) clock for the RLINK output. Receive Clock. 1.544MHz clock that is used to clock data through the receive side framer. Receive Channel Clock. A 192kHz clock that pulses high during the LSB of each channel. Synchronous with RCLK when the receive side elastic store is disabled. Synchronous with RSYSCLK when the receive side elastic store is enabled. Useful for parallel to serial conversion of channel data. Receive Channel Block. A user-programmable output that can be forced high or low during any of the 24 T1 channels. Synchronous with RCLK when the receive side elastic store is disabled. Synchronous with RSYSCLK when the receive side elastic store is enabled. Useful for blocking clocks to a serial UART or LAPD controller in applications where not all T1 channels are used, such as Fractional T1, 384kbps service, 768kbps, or ISDN-PRI. Also useful for locating individual channels in drop-and-insert applications, for external per-channel loopback, and for per-channel conditioning. See Section 10 for details. Receive Serial Data. Received NRZ serial data. Updated on rising edges of RCLK when the receive side elastic store is disabled. Updated on the rising edges of RSYSCLK when the receive side elastic store is enabled. Receive Sync. An extracted pulse, one RCLK wide, is output at this pin, which identifies either frame (RCR2.4 = 0) or multiframe (RCR2.4 = 1) boundaries. If set to output frame boundaries then via RCR2.5, RSYNC can also be set to output doublewide pulses on signaling frames. If the receive side elastic store is enabled via CCR1.2, then this pin can be enabled to be an input via RCR2.3 at which a frame or multiframe boundary pulse is applied. See Section 16 for details. Receive Frame Sync. An extracted 8kHz pulse 1 RCLK wide is output at this pin that identifies frame boundaries. Receive Multiframe Sync. Only used when the receive side elastic store is enabled. An extracted pulse, 1 RSYSCLK wide, is output at this pin, which identifies multiframe boundaries. If the receive side elastic store is disabled, then this output will output multiframe boundaries associated with RCLK. Receive Data. Updated on the rising edge of RCLK with the data out of the receive side framer. Receive System Clock. 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz clock. Only used when the elastic store function is enabled. Should be tied low in applications that do not use the elastic store. Can be burst at rates up to 8.192MHz. Receive Signaling Output. Outputs signaling bits in a PCM format. Updated on rising edges of RCLK when the receive side elastic store is disabled. Updated on the rising edges of RSYSCLK when the receive side elastic store is enabled. 12 of 97 DS2152 PIN 99 6 93 3 91 90 89 86 87 88 NAME FUNCTION Receive Loss of Sync/Loss of Transmit Clock. A dual function output that is controlled by the CCR3.5 control bit. This pin can be programmed to either toggle high RLOS/LOTC when the synchronizer is searching for the frame and multiframe or to toggle high if the TCLK pin has not been toggled for 5µs. Receive Carrier Loss. Set high when the line interface detects a loss of carrier. RCL Receive Signaling Freeze. Set high when the signaling data is frozen via either RSIGF automatic or manual intervention. Used to alert downstream equipment of the condition. 8MHz Clock. A 8.192MHz output clock that is referenced to the clock that is output at 8MCLK the RCLK pin and is used to clock data through the receive side framer. Receive Positive Data Output. Updated on the rising edge of RCLKO with the bipolar RPOSO data out of the line interface. This pin is normally tied to RPOSI. Receive Negative Data Output. Updated on the rising edge of RCLKO with the bipolar RNEGO data out of the line interface. This pin is normally tied to RNEGI. Receive Clock Output. Buffered recovered clock from the T1 line. This pin is normally RCLKO tied to RCLKI. Receive Positive Data Input. Sampled on the falling edge of RCLKI for data to be RPOSI clocked through the receive side framer. RPOSI and RNEGI can be tied together for a NRZ interface. Can be internally connected to RPOSO by tying the LIUC pin high. Receive Negative Data Input. Sampled on the falling edge of RCLKI for data to be RNEGI clocked through the receive side framer. RPOSI and RNEGI can be tied together for a NRZ interface. Can be internally connected to RNEGO by tying the LIUC pin high. Receive Clock Input. Clock used to clock data through the receive side framer. This pin is normally tied to RCLKO. Can be internally connected to RCLKO by tying the LIUC RCLKI pin high. 2.3 Parallel Control Port Pins PIN NAME 25 INT 14 TEST 55 MUX 56–65 D0–D7/ AD0–AD7 66–72 A0–A6 11 BTS 74 RD(DS) 75 CS 73 ALE(AS) 77 WR(R/W) FUNCTION Interrupt. Flags host controller during conditions and change of conditions defined in the Status Registers 1 and 2 and the FDL Status Register. Active-low, open-drain output. Tri-State Control. Set high to tri-state all output and I/O pins (including the parallel control port). Set low for normal operation. Useful in board-level testing. Bus Operation. Set low to select nonmultiplexed bus operation. Set high to select multiplexed bus operation. Data Bus or Address/Data Bus. In nonmultiplexed bus operation (MUX = 0), serves as the data bus. In multiplexed bus operation (MUX = 1), serves as an 8-bit multiplexed address/data bus. Address Bus. In nonmultiplexed bus operation (MUX = 0), serves as the address bus. In multiplexed bus operation (MUX = 1), these pins are not used and should be tied low. Bus Type Select. Strap high to select Motorola bus timing; strap low to select Intel bus timing. This pin controls the function of the RD ( DS ), ALE(AS), and WR (R/ W ) pins. If BTS = 1, then these pins assume the function listed in parentheses. Read Input (Data Strobe). RD and DS are active-low signals when MUX = 1. DS is active high when MUX = 0. See bus timing diagrams. Chip Select. Must be low to read or write to the device. CS is an active-low signal. A7 or Address Latch Enable (Address Strobe). In non-multiplexed bus operation (MUX = 0), serves as the upper address bit. In multiplexed bus operation (MUX = 1), serves to demultiplex the bus on a positive-going edge. Write Input (Read/Write). WR is an active-low signal. 13 of 97 DS2152 2.4 Line Interface Pins PIN NAME 21 MCLK 22 XTALD 13 8XCLK 12 LIUC 16, 17 29, 32 RTIP, RRING TTIP, TRING FUNCTION Master Clock Input. A 1.544MHz (±50ppm) clock source with TTL levels is applied at this pin. This clock is used internally for both clock/data recovery and for jitter attenuation. A quartz crystal of 1.544MHz may be applied across MCLK and XTALD instead of the TTL level clock source. Quartz Crystal Driver. A quartz crystal of 1.544MHz may be applied across MCLK and XTALD instead of a TTL level clock source at MCLK. Leave open circuited if a TTL clock source is applied at MCLK. Eight Times Clock. A 12.352MHz clock that is frequency locked to the 1.544MHz clock provided from the clock/data recovery block (if the jitter attenuator is enabled on the receive side) or from the TCLKI pin (if the jitter attenuator is enabled on the transmit side). Can be internally disabled via the TEST2 register if not needed. Line Interface Connect. Tie low to separate the line interface circuitry from the framer/formatter circuitry and activate the TPOSI/TNEGI/TCLKI/RPOSI/RNEGI/ RCLKI pins. Tie high to connect the line interface circuitry to the framer/formatter circuitry and deactivate the TPOSI/TNEGI/TCLKI/RPOSI/RNEGI/RCLKI pins. When LIUC is tied high, the TPOSI/TNEGI/TCLKI/RPOSI/RNEGI/RCLKI pins should be tied low. Receive Tip and Ring. Analog inputs for clock recovery circuitry. These pins connect via a 1:1 transformer to the T1 line. See Section 15 for details. Transmit Tip and Ring. Analog line driver outputs. These pins connect via a 1:1.15 or 1:1.36 step-up transformer to the T1 line. See Section 15 for details. 2.5 Supply Pins PIN 44, 61, 81, 83 NAME DVDD 18 RVDD 31 TVDD 45, 60, 80, 84 19, 20, 24 30 FUNCTION Digital Positive Supply. 5.0V ±5%. Should be tied to the RVDD and TVDD pins. Receive Analog Positive Supply. 5.0V ±5%. Should be tied to the DVDD and TVDD pins. Transmit Analog Positive Supply. 5.0V ±5%. Should be tied to the RVDD and DVDD pins. DVSS Digital Signal Ground. Should be tied to the RVSS and TVSS pins. RVSS Receive Analog Signal Ground. 0V. Should be tied to the DVSS and TVSS pins. TVSS Transmit Analog Ground. 0V. Should be tied to the RVSS and DVSS pins. 14 of 97 DS2152 Table 2-1. Register Map ADDRESS R/W 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B–0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W W R/W R/W — R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R R R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W REGISTER DESCRIPTION FDL Control FDL Status FDL Interrupt Mask Receive Performance Report Message Receive Bit Oriented Code Receive FDL FIFO Transmit Performance Report Message Transmit Bit Oriented Code Transmit FDL FIFO Test 2 Common Control 7 Not present Deceive ID Receive Information 3 Common Control 4 In-Band Code Control Transmit Code Definition Receive Up Code Definition Receive Down Code Definition Transmit Channel Control 1 Transmit Channel Control 2 Transmit Channel Control 3 Common Control 5 Transmit DS0 Monitor Receive Channel Control 1 Receive Channel Control 2 Receive Channel Control 3 Common Control 6 Receive DS0 Monitor Status 1 Status 2 Receive Information 1 Line Code Violation Count 1 Line Code Violation Count 2 Path Code Violation Count 1 Path Code Violation Count 2 Multiframe Out of Sync Count 2 Receive FDL Register Receive FDL Match 1 Receive FDL Match 2 Receive Control 1 Receive Control 2 Receive Mark 1 Receive Mark 2 Receive Mark 3 Common Control 3 Receive Information 2 Transmit Channel Blocking 1 15 of 97 NAME FDLC FDLS FIMR RPRM RBOC RFFR TPRM TBOC TFFR TEST2 (set to 00h) CCR7 — IDR RIR3 CCR4 IBCC TCD RUPCD RDNCD TCC1 TCC2 TCC3 CCR5 TDS0M RCC1 RCC2 RCC3 CCR6 RDS0M SR1 SR2 RIR1 LCVCR1 LCVCR2 PCVCR1 PCVCR2 MOSCR2 RFDL RMTCH1 RMTCH2 RCR1 RCR2 RMR1 RMR2 RMR3 CCR3 RIR2 TCBR1 DS2152 ADDRESS R/W 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F 60 61 62 63 64 65 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R R R R REGISTER DESCRIPTION Transmit Channel Blocking 2 Transmit Channel Blocking 3 Transmit Control 1 Transmit Control 2 Common Control 1 Common Control 2 Transmit Transparency 1 Transmit Transparency 2 Transmit Transparency 3 Transmit Idle 1 Transmit Idle 2 Transmit Idle 3 Transmit Idle Definition Transmit Channel 9 Transmit Channel 10 Transmit Channel 11 Transmit Channel 12 Transmit Channel 13 Transmit Channel 14 Transmit Channel 15 Transmit Channel 16 Transmit Channel 17 Transmit Channel 18 Transmit Channel 19 Transmit Channel 20 Transmit Channel 21 Transmit Channel 22 Transmit Channel 23 Transmit Channel 24 Transmit Channel 1 Transmit Channel 2 Transmit Channel 3 Transmit Channel 4 Transmit Channel 5 Transmit Channel 6 Transmit Channel 7 Transmit Channel 8 Receive Channel 1 Receive Channel 18 Receive Channel 19 Receive Channel 20 Receive Channel 21 Receive Channel 22 Receive Channel 23 Receive Channel 24 Receive Signaling 1 Receive Signaling 2 Receive Signaling 3 Receive Signaling 4 Receive Signaling 5 Receive Signaling 6 16 of 97 NAME TCBR2 TCBR3 TCR1 TCR2 CCR1 CCR2 TTR1 TTR2 TTR3 TIR1 TIR2 TIR3 TIDR TC9 TC10 TC11 TC12 TC13 TC14 TC15 TC16 TC17 TC18 TC19 TC20 TC21 TC22 TC23 TC24 TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 RC17 RC18 RC19 RC20 RC21 RC22 RC23 RC24 RS1 RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 DS2152 ADDRESS R/W 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F R R R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W REGISTER DESCRIPTION Receive Signaling 7 Receive Signaling 8 Receive Signaling 9 Receive Signaling 10 Receive Signaling 11 Receive Signaling 12 Receive Channel Blocking 1 Receive Channel Blocking 2 Receive Channel Blocking 3 Interrupt Mask 2 Transmit Signaling 1 Transmit Signaling 2 Transmit Signaling 3 Transmit Signaling 4 Transmit Signaling 5 Transmit Signaling 6 Transmit Signaling 7 Transmit Signaling 8 Transmit Signaling 9 Transmit Signaling 10 Transmit Signaling 11 Transmit Signaling 12 Line Interface Control Test 1 Transmit FDL Register Interrupt Mask Register 1 Receive Channel 1 Receive Channel 2 Receive Channel 3 Receive Channel 4 Receive Channel 5 Receive Channel 6 Receive Channel 7 Receive Channel 8 Receive Channel 9 Receive Channel 10 Receive Channel 11 Receive Channel 12 Receive Channel 13 Receive Channel 14 Receive Channel 15 Receive Channel 16 NAME RS7 RS8 RS9 RS10 RS11 RS12 RCBR1 RCBR2 RCBR3 IMR2 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 LICR TEST1 (set to 00h) TFDL IMR1 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC14 RC15 RC16 Note 1: Test Registers 1 and 2 are used only by the factory; these registers must be cleared (set to all 0s) on power-up initialization to ensure proper operation. Note 2: Register banks 9xh, Axh, Bxh, Cxh, Dxh, Exh, and Fxh are not accessible. 17 of 97 DS2152 3 PARALLEL PORT The DS2152 is controlled via either a nonmultiplexed (MUX = 0) or a multiplexed (MUX = 1) bus by an external microcontroller or microprocessor. The DS2152 can operate with either Intel or Motorola bus timing configurations. If the BTS pin is tied low, Intel timing will be selected; if tied high, Motorola timing will be selected. All Motorola bus signals are listed in parentheses. See the timing diagrams in the AC Electrical Characteristics in Section 18 for more details. 4 CONTROL, ID, AND TEST REGISTERS The operation of the DS2152 is configured via a set of 11 control registers. Typically, the control registers are only accessed when the system is first powered up. Once the DS2152 has been initialized, the control registers will only need to be accessed when there is a change in the system configuration. There are two Receive Control Register (RCR1 and RCR2), two Transmit Control Registers (TCR1 and TCR2), and seven Common Control Registers (CCR1 to CCR7). Each of the 11 registers is described in this section. There is a device Identification Register (IDR) at address 0Fh. The MSB of this read-only register is fixed to a 0 indicating that the DS2152 is present. The E1 pin-for-pin compatible version of the DS2152 is the DS2154, which also has an ID register at address 0Fh. The user can read the MSB to determine which chip is present since in the DS2152 the MSB will be set to 0 and in the DS2154 it will be set to 1. The lower 4 bits of the IDR are used to display the die revision of the chip. IDR: DEVICE IDENTIFICATION REGISTER (Address = 0F Hex) (MSB) T1E1 0 0 0 ID3 ID2 ID1 (LSB) ID0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION T1E1 IDR.7 T1 or E1 Chip Determination Bit. 0 = T1 chip 1 = E1 chip ID3 IDR.3 Chip Revision Bit 3. MSB of a decimal code that represents the chip revision. ID2 IDR.1 Chip Revision Bit 2. ID1 IDR.2 Chip Revision Bit 1. ID0 IDR.0 Chip Revision Bit 0. LSB of a decimal code that represents the chip revision. The two Test Registers at addresses 09 and 7D hex are used by the factory in testing the DS2152. On power-up, the Test Registers should be set to 00 hex for the DS2152 to operate properly. 18 of 97 DS2152 RCR1: RECEIVE CONTROL REGISTER 1 (Address = 2B Hex) (MSB) LCVCRF ARC OOF1 OOF2 SYNCC SYNCT SYNCE (LSB) RESYNC SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LCVCRF RCR1.7 Line Code Violation Count Register Function Select. 0 = do not count excessive 0s 1 = count excessive 0s ARC RCR1.6 Auto Resync Criteria. 0 = Resync on OOF or RCL event 1 = Resync on OOF only OOF1 RCR1.5 Out Of Frame Select 1. 0 = 2/4 frame bits in error 1 = 2/5 frame bits in error OOF2 RCR1.4 Out Of Frame Select 2. 0 = follow RCR1.5 1 = 2/6 frame bits in error SYNCC RCR1.3 Sync Criteria. In D4 Framing Mode 0 = search for Ft pattern, then search for Fs pattern 1 = cross couple Ft and Fs pattern In ESF Framing Mode 0 = search for FPS pattern only 1 = search for FPS and verify with CRC6 SYNCT RCR1.2 Sync Time. 0 = qualify 10 bits 1 = qualify 24 bits SYNCE RCR1.1 Sync Enable. 0 = auto resync enabled 1 = auto resync disabled RESYNC RCR1.0 Resync. When toggled from low to high, a resynchronization of the receive side framer is initiated. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent resync. 19 of 97 DS2152 RCR2: RECEIVE CONTROL REGISTER 2 (Address = 2C Hex) (MSB) RCS RZBTSI RSDW RSM RSIO RD4YM FSBE (LSB) MOSCRF SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RCS RCR2.7 Receive Code Select. See Section 9 for more details. 0 = idle code (7F Hex) 1 = digital milliwatt code (1E/0B/0B/1E/9E/8B/8B/9E Hex) RZBTSI RCR2.6 Receive Side ZBTSI Enable. 0 = ZBTSI disabled 1 = ZBTSI enabled RSDW RCR2.5 RSYNC Double-Wide. (Note: This bit must be set to 0 when RCR2.4 = 1 or when RCR2.3 = 1.) 0 = do not pulse double-wide in signaling frames 1 = do pulse double-wide in signaling frames RSM RCR2.4 RSYNC Mode Select. (A don’t care if RSYNC is programmed as an input.) 0 = frame mode (see the timing diagrams in Section 16) 1 = multiframe mode (see the timing diagrams in Section 16) RSIO RCR2.3 RSYNC I/O Select. (Note: This bit must be set to 0 when CCR1.2 = 0.) 0 = RSYNC is an output 1 = RSYNC is an input (only valid if elastic store enabled) RD4YM RCR2.2 Receive Side D4 Yellow Alarm Select. 0 = 0s in bit 2 of all channels 1 = a 1 in the S-bit position of frame 12 FSBE RCR2.1 PCVCR Fs-Bit Error Report Enable. 0 = do not report bit errors in Fs-bit position; only Ft bit position 1 = report bit errors in Fs-bit position as well as Ft bit position MOSCRF RCR2.0 Multiframe Out of Sync Count Register Function Select. 0 = count errors in the framing bit position 1 = count the number of multiframes out of sync 20 of 97 DS2152 TCR1: TRANSMIT CONTROL REGISTER 1 (Address = 35 Hex) (MSB) LOTCMC TFPT TCPT TSSE GB7S TFDLS TBL (LSB) TYEL SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LOTCMC TCR1.7 Loss Of Transmit Clock Mux Control. Determines whether the transmit side formatter should switch to the ever present RCLKO if the TCLK input should fail to transition (see Figure 1-1 for details). 0 = do not switch to RCLKO if TCLK stops 1 = switch to RCLKO if TCLK stops TFPT TCR1.6 Transmit F-Bit Pass Through. (See note below.) 0 = F bits sourced internally 1 = F bits sampled at TSER TCPT TCR1.5 Transmit CRC Pass Through. (See note below.) 0 = source CRC6 bits internally 1 = CRC6 bits sampled at TSER during F-bit time TSSE TCR1.4 Software Signaling Insertion Enable. (See note below.) 0 = no signaling is inserted in any channel from the TS1–TS12 registers 1 = signaling is inserted in all channels from the TS1–TS12 registers (the TTR registers can be used to block insertion on a channel-by-channel basis) GB7S TCR1.3 Global Bit 7 Stuffing. (See note below.) 0 = allow the TTR registers to determine which channels containing all 0s are to be Bit 7 stuffed 1 = force Bit 7 stuffing in all 0-byte channels regardless of how the TTR registers are programmed TFDLS TCR1.2 TFDL Register Select. (See note below.) 0 = source FDL or Fs bits from the internal TFDL register (legacy FDL support mode) 1 = source FDL or Fs bits from the internal HDLC/BOC controller or the TLINK pin TBL TCR1.1 Transmit Blue Alarm. (See note below.) 0 = transmit data normally 1 = transmit an unframed all 1s code at TPOSO and TNEGO TYEL TCR1.0 Transmit Yellow Alarm. (See note below.) 0 = do not transmit yellow alarm 1 = transmit yellow alarm Note: For a description of how the bits in TCR1 affect the transmit side formatter, see Figure 16-11. 21 of 97 DS2152 TCR2: TRANSMIT CONTROL REGISTER 2 (Address = 36 Hex) (MSB) TEST1 TEST0 TZBTSI TSDW TSM TSIO TD4YM (LSB) TB7ZS SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TEST1 TCR2.7 Test Mode Bit 1 for Output Pins. See Table 4-1. TEST0 TCR2.6 Test Mode Bit 0 for Output Pins. See Table 4-1. TZBTSI TCR2.5 Transmit Side ZBTSI Enable. 0 = ZBTSI disabled 1 = ZBTSI enabled TSDW TCR2.4 TSYNC Double-Wide. (Note: this bit must be set to 0 when TCR2.3 = 1 or when TCR2.2 = 0.) 0 = do not pulse double-wide in signaling frames 1 = do pulse double-wide in signaling frames TSM TCR2.3 TSYNC Mode Select. 0 = frame mode (see the timing diagrams in Section 16) 1 = multiframe mode (see the timing diagrams in Section 16) TSIO TCR2.2 TSYNC I/O Select. 0 = TSYNC is an input 1 = TSYNC is an output TD4YM TCR2.1 Transmit Side D4 Yellow Alarm Select. 0 = 0s in bit 2 of all channels 1 = a 1 in the S-bit position of frame 12 TB7ZS TCR2.0 Transmit Side Bit 7 Zero Suppression Enable. 0 = no stuffing occurs 1 = Bit 7 force to a 1 in channels with all 0s Table 4-1. Output Pin Test Modes TEST 1 0 0 1 1 TEST 0 0 1 0 1 EFFECT ON OUTPUT PINS Operate normally Force all output pins tri-state (including all I/O pins and parallel port pins) Force all output pins low (including all I/O pins except parallel port pins) Force all output pins high (including all I/O pins except parallel port pins) 22 of 97 DS2152 CCR1: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 1 (Address = 37 Hex) (MSB) TESE ODF RSAO TSCLKM RSCLKM RESE PLB (LSB) FLB SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TESE CCR1.7 Transmit Elastic Store Enable. 0 = elastic store is bypassed 1 = elastic store is enabled ODF CCR1.6 Output Data Format. 0 = bipolar data at TPOSO and TNEGO 1 = NRZ data at TPOSO; TNEGO = 0 RSAO CCR1.5 Receive Signaling All 1s. This bit should not be enabled if hardware signaling is being utilized. See Section 8 for more details. 0 = allow robbed signaling bits to appear at RSER 1 = force all robbed signaling bits at RSER to 1 TSCLKM CCR1.4 TSYSCLK Mode Select. 0 = if TSYSCLK is 1.544MHz 1 = if TSYSCLK is 2.048MHz RSCLKM CCR1.3 RSYSCLK Mode Select. 0 = if RSYSCLK is 1.544MHz 1 = if RSYSCLK is 2.048MHz RESE CCR1.2 Receive Elastic Store Enable. 0 = elastic store is bypassed 1 = elastic store is enabled PLB CCR1.1 Payload Loopback. 0 = loopback disabled 1 = loopback enabled FLB CCR1.0 Framer Loopback. 0 = loopback disabled 1 = loopback enabled 23 of 97 DS2152 4.1 Payload Loopback When CCR1.1 is set to 1, the DS2152 is forced into Payload Loopback (PLB). Normally, this loopback is only enabled when ESF framing is being performed but can be enabled also in D4 framing applications. In a PLB situation, the DS2152 loops the 192 bits of payload data (with BPVs corrected) from the receive section back to the transmit section. The FPS framing pattern, CRC6 calculation, and the FDL bits are not looped back, rather, they are reinserted by the DS2152. When PLB is enabled, the following occurs: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Data is transmitted from the TPOSO and TNEGO pins synchronous with RCLK instead of TCLK. All the receive side signals continue to operate normally. The TCHCLK and TCHBLK signals are forced low. Data at the TSER, TDATA, and TSIG pins is ignored. The TLCLK signal becomes synchronous with RCLK instead of TCLK. 4.2 Framer Loopback When CCR1.0 is set to 1, the DS2152 enters a Framer Loopback (FLB) mode. This loopback is useful in testing and debugging applications. In FLB, the DS2152 loops data from the transmit side back to the receive side. When FLB is enabled, the following occurs: 1) An unframed all-1s code is transmitted at TPOSO and TNEGO. 2) Data at RPOSI and RNEGI is ignored. 3) All receive side signals take on timing synchronous with TCLK instead of RCLKI. Note that it is not acceptable to have RCLK tied to TCLK during this loopback because this causes an unstable condition. 4.3 Pulse Density Enforcer The SCT always examines both the transmit and receive data streams for violations of the following rules which are required by ANSI T1.403: • • No more than 15 consecutive 0s, At least N 1s in each and every time window of 8 x (N + 1) bits where N = 1 through 23, Violations for the transmit and receive data streams are reported in the RIR2.0 and RIR2.1 bits, respectively. When the CCR3.3 is set to 1, the DS2152 forces the transmitted stream to meet this requirement no matter the content of the transmitted stream. When running B8ZS, the CCR3.3 bit should be set to 0 since B8ZS encoded data streams cannot violate the pulse density requirements. 4.4 Local Loopback When CCR5.6 is set to 1, the DS2152 is forced into Local Loopback (LLB). In this loopback, data continues to be transmitted as normal through the transmit side of the DS2152 (unless LIAIS = 1). Data being received at RTIP and RRING is replaced with the data being transmitted. Data in this loopback passes through the jitter attenuator. See Figure 1-1 for more details. Note that it is not acceptable to have RCLKO tied to TCLKI during this loopback because this causes an unstable condition. Also, it is recommended that the jitter attenuator be placed on the transmit side during this loopback. 24 of 97 DS2152 CCR2: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 2 (Address = 38 Hex) (MSB) TFM TB8ZS TSLC96 TFDL RFM RB8ZS RSLC96 (LSB) RFDL SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TFM CCR2.7 Transmit Frame Mode Select. 0 = D4 framing mode 1 = ESF framing mode TB8ZS CCR2.6 Transmit B8ZS Enable. 0 = B8ZS disabled 1 = B8ZS enabled TSLC96 CCR2.5 Transmit SLC-96/Fs-Bit Loading Enable. Only set this bit to a 1 in D4 framing applications. Must be set to 1 to source the Fs pattern. See Section 12 for details. 0 = SLC-96/Fs-bit loading disabled 1 = SLC-96/Fs-bit loading enabled TFDL CCR2.4 Transmit FDL 0 Stuffer Enable. Set this bit to 0 if using the internal HDLC/BOC controller instead of the legacy support for the FDL. See Section 12 for details. 0 = 0 stuffer disabled 1 = 0 stuffer enabled RFM CCR2.3 Receive Frame Mode Select. 0 = D4 framing mode 1 = ESF framing mode RB8ZS CCR2.2 Receive B8ZS Enable. 0 = B8ZS disabled 1 = B8ZS enabled RSLC96 CCR2.1 Receive SLC-96 Enable. Only set this bit to a 1 in D4/SLC-96 framing applications. See Section 12 for details. 0 = SLC-96 disabled 1 = SLC-96 enabled RFDL CCR2.0 Receive FDL 0 Destuffer Enable. Set this bit to 0 if using the internal HDLC/BOC controller instead of the legacy support for the FDL. See Section 12 for details. 0 = 0 destuffer disabled 1 = 0 destuffer enabled 25 of 97 DS2152 CCR3: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 3 (Address = 30 Hex) (MSB) ESMDM ESR RLOSF RSMS PDE ECUS TLOOP (LSB) — SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION ESMDM CCR3.7 Elastic Store Minimum Delay Mode. See Section 11.3 for details. 0 = elastic stores operate at full two-frame depth 1 = elastic stores operate at 32-bit depth ESR CCR3.6 Elastic Store Reset. Setting this bit from a 0 to a 1 will force the elastic stores to a known depth. Should be toggled after RSYSCLK and TSYSCLK have been applied and are stable. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent reset. RLOSF CCR3.5 Function of the RLOS/LOTC Output. 0 = Receive Loss of Sync (RLOS) 1 = Loss of Transmit Clock (LOTC) RSMS CCR3.4 RSYNC Multiframe Skip Control. Useful in framing format conversions from D4 to ESF. This function is not available when the receive side elastic store is enabled. 0 = RSYNC will output a pulse at every multiframe 1 = RSYNC will output a pulse at every other multiframe Note: for this bit to have any affect, the RSYNC must be set to output multiframe pulses (RCR2.4 = 1 and RCR2.3 = 0). PDE CCR3.3 Pulse Density Enforcer Enable. 0 = disable transmit pulse density enforcer 1 = enable transmit pulse density enforcer ECUS CCR3.2 Error Counter Update Select. See Section 6 for details. 0 = update error counters once a second 1 = update error counters every 42ms (333 frames) TLOOP CCR3.1 Transmit Loop Code Enable. See Section 13 for details. 0 = transmit data normally 1 = replace normal transmitted data with repeating code as defined in TCD register — CCR3.0 Not Assigned. Must be set to 0 when written. 26 of 97 DS2152 CCR4: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 4 (Address = 11 Hex) (MSB) RSRE RPCSI RFSA1 RFE RFF THSE TPCSI (LSB) TIRFS SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RSRE CCR4.7 Receive Side Signaling Reinsertion Enable. See Section 8.2 for details. 0 = do not re-insert signaling bits into the data stream presented at the RSER pin 1 = re-insert the signaling bits into data stream presented at the RSER pin RPCSI CCR4.6 Receive Per-Channel Signaling Insert. See Section 8.2 for more details. 0 = do not use RCHBLK to determine which channels should have signaling re-inserted 1 = use RCHBLK to determine which channels should have signaling re-inserted RFSA1 CCR4.5 Receive Force Signaling All 1s. See Section 8.2 for more details. 0 = do not force extracted robbed-bit signaling bit positions to a 1 1 = force extracted robbed-bit signaling bit positions to a 1 RFE CCR4.4 Receive Freeze Enable. See Section 8.2 for details. 0 = no freezing of receive signaling data will occur 1 = allow freezing of receive signaling data at RSIG (and RSER if CCR4.7 = 1). RFF CCR4.3 Receive Force Freeze. Freezes receive side signaling at RSIG (and RSER if CCR4.7 = 1); will override Receive Freeze Enable (RFE). See Section 8.2 for details. 0 = do not force a freeze event 1 = force a freeze event THSE CCR4.2 Transmit Hardware Signaling Insertion Enable. See Section 8.2 for details. 0 = do not insert signaling from the TSIG pin into the data stream presented at the TSER pin 1 = insert the signaling from the TSIG pin into data stream presented at the TSER pin TPCSI CCR4.1 Transmit Per-Channel Signaling Insert. See Section 8.2 for details. 0 = do not use TCHBLK to determine which channels should have signaling inserted from TSIG 1 = use TCHBLK to determine which channels should have signaling inserted from TSIG TIRFS CCR4.0 Transmit Idle Registers (TIR) Function Select. See Section 9 for timing details. 0 = TIRs define in which channels to insert idle code 1 = TIRs define in which channels to insert data from RSER (i.e., PerChannel Loopback function) 27 of 97 DS2152 CCR5: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 5 (Address = 19 Hex) (MSB) TJC LLB LIAIS TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 (LSB) TCM0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TJC CCR5.7 Transmit Japanese CRC6 Enable. 0 = use ANSI/AT&T/ITU CRC6 calculation (normal operation) 1 = use Japanese standard JT-G704 CRC6 calculation LLB CCR5.6 Local Loopback. 0 = loopback disabled 1 = loopback enabled LIAIS CCR5.5 Line Interface AIS Generation Enable. See Figure 1-1 for details. 0 = allow normal data from TPOSI/TNEGI to be transmitted at TTIP and TRING 1 = force unframed all 1s to be transmitted at TTIP and TRING TCM4 CCR5.4 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 4. MSB of a channel decode that determines which transmit channel data will appear in the TDS0M register. See Section 7 for details. TCM3 CCR5.3 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 3. TCM2 CCR5.2 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 2. TCM1 CCR5.1 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 1. TCM0 CCR5.0 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 0. LSB of the channel decode. 28 of 97 DS2152 CCR6: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 6 (Address = 1E Hex) (MSB) RJC — — RCM4 RCM3 RCM2 RCM1 (LSB) RCM0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RJC CCR6.7 Receive Japanese CRC6 Enable. 0 = use ANSI/AT&T/ITU CRC6 calculation (normal operation) 1 = use Japanese standard JT-G704 CRC6 calculation — CCR6.6 Not Assigned. Should be set to 0 when written. — CCR6.5 Not Assigned. Should be set to 0 when written. RCM4 CCR6.4 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 4. MSB of a channel decode that determines which receive channel data will appear in the RDS0M register. See Section 7 for details. RCM3 CCR6.3 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 3. RCM2 CCR6.2 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 2. RCM1 CCR6.1 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 1. RCM0 CCR6.0 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 0. LSB of the channel decode. CCR7: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 7 (Address = 0A Hex) (MSB) LIRST RLB — — — — — (LSB) — SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LIRST CCR7.7 Line Interface reset. Setting this bit from a 0 to a 1 will initiate an internal reset that affects the clock recovery state machine and jitter attenuator. Normally this bit is only toggled on power-up. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent reset. RLB CCR7.6 Remote Loopback. 0 = loopback disabled 1 = loopback enabled — CCR7.5 to CCR7.0 Not Assigned. Should be set to 0 when written to. 29 of 97 DS2152 4.5 Power-Up Sequence On power-up, after the supplies are stable, the DS2152 should be configured for operation by writing to all the internal registers (this includes setting the Test Registers to 00 hex) since the contents of the internal registers cannot be predicted on power-up. Finally, after the TSYSCLK and RSYSCLK inputs are stable, the ESR bit should be toggled from 0 to 1 (this step can be skipped if the elastic stores are disabled). 4.6 Remote Loopback When CCR7.6 is set to 1, the DS2152 is forced into Remote Loopback (RLB). In this loopback, data input via the RPOSI and RNEGI pins is transmitted back to the TPOSO and TNEGO pins. Data continues to pass through the receive side framer of the DS2152 as it would normally, and the data from the transmit side formatter is ignored. See Figure 1-1 for more details. 30 of 97 DS2152 5 STATUS AND INFORMATION REGISTERS There is a set of nine registers that contain information on the current real-time status of the DS2152: Status Register 1 (SR1), Status Register 2 (SR2), Receive Information Registers 1 to 3 (RIR1/RIR2/RIR3), and a set of four registers for the on-board HDLC and BOC controller for the FDL. The specific details on the four registers pertaining to the FDL are covered in Section 12.1, but they operate the same as the other status registers in the DS2152, described below. When a particular event has occurred (or is occurring), the appropriate bit in one of these nine registers is set to 1. All the bits in SR1, SR2, RIR1, RIR2, and RIR3 registers operate in a latched fashion. This means that if an event or an alarm occurs and a bit is set to 1 in any of the registers, it remains set until the user reads that bit. The bit is cleared when it is read and it is not set again until the event has occurred again (or in the case of the RBL, RYEL, LRCL, and RLOS alarms, the bit remains set if the alarm is still present). The bits in the four FDL status registers that are not latched are listed in Section 12.1. The user will always precede a read of any of the nine registers with a write. The byte written to the register will inform the DS2152 which bits the user wishes to read and have cleared. The user will write a byte to one of these registers, with a 1 in the bit positions he or she wishes to read and a 0 in the bit positions he or she does not wish to obtain the latest information on. When a 1 is written to a bit location, the read register will be updated with the latest information. When a 0 is written to a bit position, the read register will not be updated and the previous value will be held. A write to the status and information registers will be immediately followed by a read of the same register. The read result should be logically ANDed with the mask byte that was just written, and this value should be written back into the same register to ensure that bit does indeed clear. This second write step is necessary because the alarms and events in the status registers occur asynchronously in respect to their access via the parallel port. This write-read-write scheme allows an external microcontroller or microprocessor to individually poll certain bits without disturbing the other bits in the register. This operation is key in controlling the DS2152 with higher-order software languages. The SR1, SR2, and FDLS registers have the unique ability to initiate a hardware interrupt via the INT output pin. Each of the alarms and events in the SR1, SR2, and FDLS can be either masked or unmasked from the interrupt pin via the Interrupt Mask Register 1 (IMR1), Interrupt Mask Register 2 (IMR2), and FDL Interrupt Mask Register (FIMR) respectively. The FIMR register is covered in Section 12.1. The interrupts caused by alarms in SR1 (namely RYEL, LRCL, RBL, and RLOS) act differently than the interrupts caused by events in SR1 and SR2 (namely LUP, LDN, LOTC, RSLIP, RMF, TMF, SEC, RFDL, TFDL, RMTCH, RAF, and RSC) and FIMR. The alarm caused interrupts will force the INT pin low whenever the alarm changes state (i.e., the alarm goes active or inactive according to the set/clear criteria in Table 5-2). The INT pin will be allowed to return high (if no other interrupts are present) when the user reads the alarm bit that caused the interrupt to occur even if the alarm is still present. The event caused interrupts will force the INT pin low when the event occurs. The INT pin will be allowed to return high (if no other interrupts are present) when the user reads the event bit that caused the interrupt to occur. 31 of 97 DS2152 RIR1: RECEIVE INFORMATION REGISTER 1 (Address = 22 Hex) (MSB) COFA 8ZD 16ZD RESF RESE SEFE B8ZS (LSB) FBE SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION COFA RIR1.7 Change of Frame Alignment. Set when the last resync resulted in a change of frame or multiframe alignment. 8ZD RIR1.6 Eight-0 Detect. Set when a string of at least eight consecutive 0s (regardless of the length of the string) have been received at RPOSI and RNEGI. 16ZD RIR1.5 16-Zero Detect. Set when a string of at least 16 consecutive 0s (regardless of the length of the string) have been received at RPOSI and RNEGI. RESF RIR1.4 Receive Elastic Store Full. Set when the receive elastic store buffer fills and a frame is deleted. RESE RIR1.3 Receive Elastic Store Empty. Set when the receive elastic store buffer empties and a frame is repeated. SEFE RIR1.2 Severely Errored Framing Event. Set when 2 out of 6 framing bits (Ft or FPS) are received in error. B8ZS RIR1.1 B8ZS Codeword Detect. Set when a B8ZS codeword is detected at RPOS and RNEG independent of whether the B8ZS mode is selected or not via CCR2.6. Useful for automatically setting the line coding. FBE RIR1.0 Frame Bit Error. Set when a Ft (D4) or FPS (ESF) framing bit is received in error. 32 of 97 DS2152 RIR2: RECEIVE INFORMATION REGISTER 2 (Address = 31 Hex) (MSB) RLOSC LRCLC TESF TESE TSLIP RBLC RPDV (LSB) TPDV SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RLOSC RIR2.7 Receive Loss of Sync Clear. Set when the framer achieves synchronization; will remain set until read. LRCLC RIR2.6 Line Interface Receive Carrier Loss Clear. Set when the carrier signal is restored; will remain set until read. See Table 5-2. TESF RIR2.5 Transmit Elastic Store Full. Set when the transmit elastic store buffer fills and a frame is deleted. TESE RIR2.4 Transmit Elastic Store Empty. Set when the transmit elastic store buffer empties and a frame is repeated. TSLIP RIR2.3 Transmit Elastic Store Slip Occurrence. Set when the transmit elastic store has either repeated or deleted a frame. RBLC RIR2.2 Receive Blue Alarm Clear. Set when the Blue Alarm (AIS) is no longer detected; will remain set until read. See Table 5-2. RPDV RIR2.1 Receive Pulse Density Violation. Set when the receive data stream does not meet the ANSI T1.403 requirements for pulse density. TPDV RIR2.0 Transmit Pulse Density Violation. Set when the transmit data stream does not meet the ANSI T1.403 requirements for pulse density. 33 of 97 DS2152 RIR3: RECEIVE INFORMATION REGISTER 3 (Address = 10 Hex) (MSB) RL1 RL0 JALT LORC FRCL — — (LSB) — SYMBOL POSITION RL1 RIR3.7 Receive Level Bit 1. See Table 5-1. RL0 RIR3.6 Receive Level Bit 0. See Table 5-1. JALT RIR3.5 Jitter Attenuator Limit Trip. Set when the jitter attenuator FIFO reaches to within 4 bits of its limit; useful for debugging jitter attenuation operation. LORC RIR3.4 Loss of Receive Clock. Set when the RCLKI pin has not transitioned for at least 2µs (3µs ±1µs). FRCL RIR3.3 Framer Receive Carrier Loss. Set when 192 consecutive 0s have been received at the RPOSI and RNEGI pins; allowed to be cleared when 14 or more 1s out of 112 possible bit positions are received. — NAME AND DESCRIPTION RIR3.2, RIR3.1, Not Assigned. Could be any value when read. RIR3.0 Table 5-1. Receive T1 Level Indication RL1 RL0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 TYPICAL LEVEL RECEIVED (dB) +2 to -7.5 -7.5 to -15 -15 to -22.5 less than -22.5 34 of 97 DS2152 SR1: STATUS REGISTER 1 (Address = 20 Hex) (MSB) LUP LDN LOTC RSLIP RBL RYEL LRCL (LSB) RLOS SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LUP SR1.7 Loop Up Code Detected. Set when the loop up code as defined in the RUPCD register is being received. See Section 13 for details. LDN SR1.6 Loop Down Code Detected. Set when the loop down code as defined in the RDNCD register is being received. See Section 13 for details. LOTC SR1.5 Loss of Transmit Clock. Set when the TCLK pin has not transitioned for one channel time (or 5.2µs). Will force the RLOS/LOTC pin high if enabled via CCR1.6. Also will force transmit side formatter to switch to RCLKO if so enabled via TCR1.7. RSLIP SR1.4 Receive Elastic Store Slip Occurrence. Set when the receive elastic store has either repeated or deleted a frame. RBL SR1.3 Receive Blue Alarm. Set when an unframed all 1s code is received at RPOSI and RNEGI. RYEL SR1.2 Receive Yellow Alarm. Set when a yellow alarm is received at RPOSI and RNEGI. LRCL SR1.1 Line Interface Receive Carrier Loss. Set when 192 consecutive 0s have been detected at RTIP and RRING. See Table 5-2. RLOS SR1.0 Receive Loss of Sync. Set when the device is not synchronized to the receive T1 stream. 35 of 97 DS2152 Table 5-2. Alarm Criteria ALARM Blue Alarm (AIS) (See note 1 below) Yellow Alarm (RAI) 1. D4 bit 2 mode(RCR2.2 = 0) SET CRITERIA When over a 3ms window, five or less 0s are received When bit 2 of 256 consecutive channels is set to 0 for at least 254 occurrences CLEAR CRITERIA When over a 3ms window, six or more 0s are received When bit 2 of 256 consecutive channels is set to 0 for less than 254 occurrences 2. D4 12th F-bit mode (RCR2.2=1; this mode is also referred to as the "Japanese Yellow Alarm" When the 12th framing bit is set to 1 for two consecutive occurrences When the 12th framing bit is set to 0 for two consecutive occurrences When 16 consecutive patterns of 00FF appear in the FDL When 14 or less patterns of 00FF hex out of 16 possible appear in the FDL When 14 or more 1s out of 112 possible bit positions are received starting with the first one received 3. ESF mode Red Alarm (LRCL) (This alarm is also referred to as Loss Of Signal) When 192 consecutive 0s are received Note 1: The definition of Blue Alarm (or Alarm Indication Signal) is an unframed all 1s signal. Blue alarm detectors should be able to operate properly in the presence of a 10-3 error rate and they should not falsely trigger on a framed all 1s signal. The blue alarm criteria in the DS2152 have been set to achieve this performance. It is recommended that the RBL bit be qualified with the RLOS bit. Note 2: ANSI specifications use a different nomenclature than the DS2152 does; the following terms are equivalent: RBL = AIS LRCL = LOS RLOS = LOF RYEL = RAI 36 of 97 DS2152 SR2: STATUS REGISTER 2 (Address = 21 Hex) (MSB) RMF TMF SEC RFDL TFDL RMTCH RAF (LSB) RSC SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RMF SR2.7 Receive Multiframe. Set on receive multiframe boundaries. TMF SR2.6 Transmit Multiframe. Set on transmit multiframe boundaries. SEC SR2.5 1-Second Timer. Set on increments of 1 second based on RCLK; will be set in increments of 999ms, 999ms, and 1002ms every 3 seconds. RFDL SR2.4 Receive FDL Buffer Full. Set when the receive FDL buffer (RFDL) fills to capacity (8 bits). TFDL SR2.3 Transmit FDL Buffer Empty. Set when the transmit FDL buffer (TFDL) empties. RMTCH SR2.2 Receive FDL Match Occurrence. Set when the RFDL matches either RFDLM1 or RFDLM2. RAF SR2.1 Receive FDL Abort. Set when eight consecutive 1s are received in the FDL. RSC SR2.0 Receive Signaling Change. Set when the DS2152 detects a change of state in any of the robbed-bit signaling bits. 37 of 97 DS2152 IMR1: INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 1 (Address = 7F Hex) (MSB) LUP LDN LOTC SLIP RBL RYEL SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LUP IMR1.7 Loop Up Code Detected. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled LDN IMR1.6 Loop Down Code Detected. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled LOTC IMR1.5 Loss of Transmit Clock. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled SLIP IMR1.4 Elastic Store Slip Occurrence. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RBL IMR1.3 Receive Blue Alarm. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RYEL IMR1.2 Receive Yellow Alarm. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled LRCL IMR1.1 Line Interface Receive Carrier Loss. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RLOS IMR1.0 Receive Loss of Sync. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled 38 of 97 LRCL (LSB) RLOS DS2152 IMR2: INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 2 (Address = 6F Hex) (MSB) RMF TMF SEC RFDL TFDL RMTCH SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RMF IMR2.7 Receive Multiframe. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled TMF IMR2.6 Transmit Multiframe. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled SEC IMR2.5 1-Second Timer. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RFDL IMR2.4 Receive FDL Buffer Full. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled TFDL IMR2.3 Transmit FDL Buffer Empty. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RMTCH IMR2.2 Receive FDL Match Occurrence. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RAF IMR2.1 Receive FDL Abort. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RSC IMR2.0 Receive Signaling Change. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled 39 of 97 RAF (LSB) RSC DS2152 6 ERROR COUNT REGISTERS There are a set of three counters in the DS2152 that record bipolar violations, excessive 0s, errors in the CRC6 codewords, framing bit errors, and number of multiframes that the device is out of receive synchronization. Each of these three counters is automatically updated on either 1-second boundaries (CCR3.2 = 0) or every 42ms (CCR3.2 = 1) as determined by the timer in Status Register 2 (SR2.5). Hence, these registers contain performance data from either the previous second or the previous 42ms. The user can use the interrupt from the 1-second timer to determine when to read these registers. The user has a full second (or 42ms) to read the counters before the data is lost. All three counters will saturate at their respective maximum counts and they will not rollover (note: only the Line Code Violation Count Register has the potential to overflow but the bit error would have to exceed 10-2 before this would occur). 6.1 Line Code Violation Count Register (LCVCR) Line Code Violation Count Register 1 High (LCVCR1) is the most significant word and LCVCR2 is the least significant word of a 16-bit counter that records code violations (CVs). CVs are defined as Bipolar Violations (BPVs) or excessive 0s. See Table 6-1 for details of exactly what the LCVCRs count. If the B8ZS mode is set for the receive side via CCR2.2, then B8ZS codewords are not counted. This counter is always enabled; it is not disabled during receive loss of synchronization (RLOS = 1) conditions. LCVCR1: LINE CODE VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER 1 (Address = 23 Hex) LCVCR2: LINE CODE VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER 2 (Address = 24 Hex) (MSB) LCV15 LCV7 LCV14 LCV6 LCV13 LCV5 LCV12 LCV4 LCV11 LCV3 LCV10 LCV2 LCV9 LCV1 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LCV15 LCVCR1.7 MSB of the 16-bit code violation count. LCV0 LCVCR2.0 LSB of the 16-bit code violation count. Table 6-1. Line Code Violation Counting Arrangements COUNT EXCESSIVE 0S? (RCR1.7) No Yes No Yes B8ZS ENABLED? (CCR2.2) No No Yes Yes WHAT IS COUNTED IN THE LCVCRs BPVs BPVs + 16 consecutive 0s BPVs (B8ZS codewords not counted) BPVs + 8 consecutive 0s 40 of 97 (LSB) LCV8 LCVCR1 LCV0 LCVCR2 DS2152 6.2 Path Code Violation Count Register (PCVCR) When the receive side of the DS2152 is set to operate in the ESF framing mode (CCR2.3 = 1), PCVCR will automatically be set as a 12-bit counter that will record errors in the CRC6 codewords. When set to operate in the D4 framing mode (CCR2.3 = 0), PCVCR will automatically count errors in the Ft framing bit position. Via the RCR2.1 bit, the DS2152 can be programmed to also report errors in the Fs framing bit position. The PCVCR will be disabled during receive loss of synchronization (RLOS=1) conditions. See Table 6-2 for a detailed description of exactly what errors the PCVCR counts. PCVCR1: PATH VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER 1 (Address = 25 Hex) PCVCR2: PATH VIOLATION COUNT REGISTER 2 (Address = 26 Hex) (MSB) (Note 1) CRC/FB7 (LSB) (Note 1) CRC/FB6 (Note 1) CRC/FB5 (Note 1) CRC/FB4 CRC/FB11 CRC/FB3 CRC/FB10 CRC/FB2 CRC/FB9 CRC/FB1 CRC/FB8 CRC/FB0 PCVCR1 PCVCR2 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CRC/FB11 PCVCR1.3 MSB of the 12-Bit CRC6 Error or Frame Bit Error Count (Note 2) CRC/FB0 PCVCR2.0 LSB of the 12-Bit CRC6 Error or Frame Bit Error Count (Note 2) Note 1: The upper nibble of the counter at address 25 is used by the Multiframes Out of Sync Count Register. Note 2: PCVCR counts either errors in CRC codewords (in the ESF framing mode; CCR2.3 = 1) or errors in the framing bit position (in the D4 framing mode; CCR2.3 = 0). Table 6-2. Path Code Violation Counting Arrangements FRAMING MODE (CCR2.3) D4 D4 ESF COUNT Fs ERRORS? (RCR2.1) No Yes Don’t Care WHAT IS COUNTED IN THE PCVCRs Errors in the Ft pattern Errors in both the Ft and Fs patterns Errors in the CRC6 codewords 6.3 Multiframes Out of Sync Count Register (MOSCR) Normally, the MOSCR is used to count the number of multiframes that the receive synchronizer is out of sync (RCR2.0 = 1). This number is useful in ESF applications needing to measure the parameters Loss Of Frame Count (LOFC) and ESF Error Events as described in AT&T publication TR54016. When the MOSCR is operated in this mode, it is not disabled during receive loss of synchronization (RLOS = 1) conditions. The MOSCR has alternate operating mode whereby it will count either errors in the Ft framing pattern (in the D4 mode) or errors in the FPS framing pattern (in the ESF mode). When the MOSCR is operated in this mode, it is disabled during receive loss of synchronization (RLOS = 1) conditions. See Table 6-3 for a detailed description of what the MOSCR is capable of counting. 41 of 97 DS2152 MOSCR1: MULTIFRAMES OUT OF SYNC COUNT REGISTER 1 (Address = 25 Hex) MOSCR2: MULTIFRAMES OUT OF SYNC COUNT REGISTER 2 (Address = 27 Hex) (MSB) MOS/FB 11 MOS/FB 7 MOS/FB 10 MOS/FB 6 MOS/FB 9 MOS/FB 5 MOS/FB 8 MOS/FB 4 (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (LSB) (Note 1) MOS/FB 3 MOS/FB 2 MOS/F B1 MOS/FB 0 MOSCR 1 MOSCR 2 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION MOS/FB11 MOSCR1.7 MSB of the 12-Bit Multiframes Out of Sync or F-Bit Error Count (Note 2) MOS/FB0 MOSCR2.0 LSB of the 12-Bit Multiframes Out of Sync or F-Bit Error Count (Note 2) Note 1: The lower nibble of the counter at address 25 is used by the Path Code Violation Count Register. Note 2: MOSCR counts either errors in framing bit position (RCR2.0 = 0) or the number of multiframes out of sync (RCR2.0 = 1). Table 6-3. Multiframes Out of Sync Counting Arrangements FRAMING MODE (CCR2.3) D4 D4 ESF ESF COUNT MOS OR F-BIT ERRORS (RCR2.0) MOS F-Bit MOS F-Bit 42 of 97 WHAT IS COUNTED IN THE MOSCRs Number of multiframes out of sync Errors in the Ft pattern Number of multiframes out of sync Errors in the FPS pattern DS2152 7 DS0 MONITORING FUNCTION The DS2152 can monitor one DS0 64kbps channel in the transmit direction and one DS0 channel in the receive direction at the same time. In the transmit direction, the user determines which channel is to be monitored by properly setting the TCM0 to TCM4 bits in the CCR5 register. In the receive direction, the RCM0 to RCM4 bits in the CCR6 register need to be properly set. The DS0 channel pointed to by the TCM0 to TCM4 bits will appear in the Transmit DS0 Monitor (TDS0M) register and the DS0 channel pointed to by the RCM0 to RCM4 bits will appear in the Receive DS0 (RDS0M) register. The TCM4 to TCM0 and RCM4 to RCM0 bits should be programmed with the decimal decode of the appropriate T1 channel. For example, if DS0 channel 6 in the transmit direction and DS0 channel 15 in the receive direction needed to be monitored, then the following values would be programmed into CCR5 and CCR6: TCM4 = 0 RCM4 = 0 TCM3 = 0 RCM3 = 1 TCM2 = 1 RCM2 = 1 TCM1 = 0 RCM1 = 1 TCM0 = 1 RCM0 = 0 43 of 97 DS2152 CCR5: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 5 (Address = 19 Hex) (Repeated here from Section 4 for convenience.) (MSB) TJC LLB LIAIS TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 (LSB) TCM0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TJC CCR5.7 Transmit Japanese CRC Enable. See Section 4 for details. LLB CCR5.6 Local Loopback. See Section 4 for details. LIAIS CCR5.5 Line Interface AIS Generation Enable. See Section 4 for details. TCM4 CCR5.4 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 4. MSB of a channel decode that determines which transmit DS0 channel data will appear in the TDS0M register. TCM3 CCR5.3 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 3. TCM2 CCR5.2 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 2. TCM1 CCR5.1 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 1. TCM0 CCR5.0 Transmit Channel Monitor Bit 0. LSB of the channel decode that determines which transmit DS0 channel data will appear in the TDS0M register. 44 of 97 DS2152 TDS0M: TRANSMIT DS0 MONITOR REGISTER (Address = 1A Hex) (MSB) B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 (LSB) B8 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION B1 TDS0M.7 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 1. MSB of the DS0 channel (first bit to be transmitted). B2 TDS0M.6 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 2. B3 TDS0M.5 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 3. B4 TDS0M.4 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 4. B5 TDS0M.3 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 5. B6 TDS0M.2 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 6. B7 TDS0M.1 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 7. B8 TDS0M.0 Transmit DS0 Channel Bit 8. LSB of the DS0 channel (last bit to be transmitted). CCR6: COMMON CONTROL REGISTER 6 (Address = 1E Hex) (Repeated here from Section 4 for convenience.) (MSB) RJC — — RCM4 RCM3 RCM2 RCM1 (LSB) RCM0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RJC CCR6.7 Receive Japanese CRC Enable. See Section 4 for details. — Not Assigned. Should be set to 0 when written. RCM4 CCR6.6, CCR6.5 CCR6.4 RCM3 CCR6.3 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 3. RCM2 CCR6.2 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 2. RCM1 CCR6.1 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 1. RCM0 CCR6.0 Receive Channel Monitor Bit 0. LSB of the channel decode that determines which receive DS0 channel data will appear in the RDS0M register. Receive Channel Monitor Bit 4. MSB of a channel decode that determines which receive DS0 channel data will appear in the RDS0M register. 45 of 97 DS2152 RDS0M: RECEIVE DS0 MONITOR REGISTER (Address = 1F Hex) (MSB) B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 (LSB) B8 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION B1 RDS0M.7 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 1. MSB of the DS0 channel (first bit to be received). B2 RDS0M.6 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 2. B3 RDS0M.5 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 3. B4 RDS0M.4 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 4. B5 RDS0M.3 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 5. B6 RDS0M.2 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 6. B7 RDS0M.1 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 7. B8 RDS0M.0 Receive DS0 Channel Bit 8. LSB of the DS0 channel (last bit to be received). 46 of 97 DS2152 8 SIGNALING OPERATION The DS2152 contains provisions for both processor based (i.e., software based) signaling bit access and for hardware-based access. Both the processor-based access and the hardware-based access can be used simultaneously if necessary. The processor based signaling is covered in Section 8.1 and the hardware based signaling is covered in Section 8.2. 8.1 Processor-Based Signaling The robbed-bit signaling bits embedded in the T1 stream can be extracted from the receive stream and inserted into the transmit stream by the DS2152. There is a set of 12 registers for the receive side (RS1 to RS12) and 12 registers on the transmit side (TS1 to TS12). The signaling registers are detailed below. The CCR1.5 bit is used to control the robbed signaling bits as they appear at RSER. If CCR1.5 is set to 0, then the robbed signaling bits will appear at the RSER pin in their proper position as they are received. If CCR1.5 is set to 1, the robbed-signaling bit positions are forced to 1 at RSER. If hardware-based signaling is being used, then CCR1.5 must be set to 0. RS1 TO RS12: RECEIVE SIGNALING REGISTERS (Address = 60 to 6B Hex) (MSB) A(8) A(16) A(24) B(8) B(16) B(24) A/C(8) A/C(16) A/C(24) B/D(8) B/D(16) B/D(24) A(7) A(15) A(23) B(7) B(15) B(23) A/C(7) A/C(15) A/C(23) B/D(7) B/D(15) B/D(23) A(6) A(14) A(22) B(6) B(14) B(22) A/C(6) A/C(14) A/C(22) B/D(6) B/D(14) B/D(22) A(5) A(13) A(21) B(5) B(13) B(21) A/C(5) A/C(13) A/C(21) B/D(5) B/D(13) B/D(21) A(4) A(12) A(20) B(4) B(12) B(20) A/C(4) A/C(12) A/C(20) B/D(4) B/D(12) B/D(20) A(3) A(11) A(19) B(3) B(11) B(19) A/C(3) A/C(11) A/C(19) B/D(3) B/D(11) B/D(19) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION D(24) RS12.7 Signaling Bit D in Channel 24 A(1) RS1.0 Signaling Bit A in Channel 1 A(2) A(10) A(18) B(2) B(10) B(18) A/C(2) A/C(10) A/C(18) B/D(2) B/D(10) B/D(18) (LSB) A(1) A(9) A(17) B(1) B(9) B(17) A/C(1) A/C(9) A/C(17) B/D(1) B/D(9) B/D(17) RS1 (60) RS2 (61) RS3 (62) RS4 (63) RS5 (64) RS6 (65) RS7 (66) RS8 (67) RS9 (68) RS10 (69) RS11 (6A) RS12 (6B) Each Receive Signaling Register (RS1 to RS12) reports the incoming robbed-bit signaling from eight DS0 channels. In the ESF framing mode, there can be up to four signaling bits per channel (A–D). In the D4 framing mode, there are only two signaling bits per channel (A and B). In the D4 framing mode, the DS2152 replaces the C and D signaling bit positions with the A and B signaling bits from the previous multiframe. Hence, whether the DS2152 is operated in either framing mode, the user needs only to retrieve the signaling bits every 3ms. The bits in the Receive Signaling Registers are updated on multiframe boundaries so the user can use the Receive Multiframe Interrupt in the Receive Status Register 2 (SR2.7) to know when to retrieve the signaling bits. The Receive Signaling Registers are frozen and not updated during a loss of sync condition (SR1.0 = 1). They will contain the most recent signaling information before the “OOF” occurred. The signaling data reported in RS1 to RS12 is also available at the RSIG and RSER pins. 47 of 97 DS2152 A change in the signaling bits from one multiframe to the next will cause the RSC status bit (SR2.0) to be set. The user can enable the INT pin to toggle low upon detection of a change in signaling by setting the IMR2.0 bit. Once a signaling change has been detected, the user has at least 2.75ms to read the data out of the RS1 to RS12 registers before the data will be lost. TS1 TO TS12: TRANSMIT SIGNALING REGISTERS (Address = 70 to 7B Hex) (MSB) A(8) A(16) A(24) B(8) B(16) B(24) A/C(8) A/C(16) A/C(24) B/D(8) B/D(16) B/D(24) A(7) A(15) A(23) B(7) B(15) B(23) A/C(7) A/C(15) A/C(23) B/D(7) B/D(15) B/D(23) A(6) A(14) A(22) B(6) B(14) B(22) A/C(6) A/C(14) A/C(22) B/D(6) B/D(14) B/D(22) A(5) A(13) A(21) B(5) B(13) B(21) A/C(5) A/C(13) A/C(21) B/D(5) B/D(13) B/D(21) A(4) A(12) A(20) B(4) B(12) B(20) A/C(4) A/C(12) A/C(20) B/D(4) B/D(12) B/D(20) A(3) A(11) A(19) B(3) B(11) B(19) A/C(3) A/C(11) A/C(19) B/D(3) B/D(11) B/D(19) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION D(24) TS12.7 Signaling Bit A in Channel 24 A(1) TS1.0 Signaling Bit D in Channel 1 A(2) A(10) A(18) B(2) B(10) B(18) A/C(2) A/C(10) A/C(18) B/D(2) B/D(10) B/D(18) (LSB) A(1) A(9) A(17) B(1) B(9) B(17) A/C(1) A/C(9) A/C(17) B/D(1) B/D(9) B/D(17) TS1 (70) TS2 (71) TS3 (72) TS4 (73) TS5 (74) TS6 (75) TS7 (76) TS8 (77) TS9 (78) TS10 (79) TS11 (7A) TS12 (7B) Each Transmit Signaling Register (TS1 to TS12) contains the robbed-bit signaling for eight DS0 channels that will be inserted into the outgoing stream if enabled to do so via TCR1.4. In the ESF framing mode, there can be up to four signaling bits per channel (A–D). On multiframe boundaries, the DS2152 will load the values present in the Transmit Signaling Register into an outgoing signaling shift register that is internal to the device. The user can utilize the Transmit Multiframe Interrupt in Status Register 2 (SR2.6) to know when to update the signaling bits. In the ESF framing mode, the interrupt will come every 3 ms and the user has a full 3ms to update the TSRs. In the D4 framing mode, there are only 2 signaling bits per channel (A and B). However, in the D4 framing mode the DS2152 uses the C and D bit positions as the A and B bit positions for the next multiframe. The DS2152 loads the values in the TSRs into the outgoing shift register every other D4 multiframe. 48 of 97 DS2152 8.2 Hardware-Based Signaling 8.2.1 Receive Side In the receive side of the hardware based signaling, there are two operating modes for the signaling buffer: signaling extraction and signaling reinsertion. Signaling extraction involves pulling the signaling bits from the receive data stream and buffering them over a four multiframe buffer and outputting them in a serial PCM fashion on a channel-by-channel basis at the RSIG output. This mode is always enabled. In this mode, the receive elastic store may be enabled or disabled. If the receive elastic store is enabled, then the backplane clock (RSYSCLK) can be either 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz. In the ESF framing mode, the ABCD signaling bits are output on RSIG in the lower nibble of each channel. The RSIG data is updated once a multiframe (3ms) unless a freeze is in effect. In the D4 framing mode, the AB signaling bits are output twice on RSIG in the lower nibble of each channel. Hence, bits 5 and 6 contain the same data as bits 7 and 8, respectively, in each channel. The RSIG data is updated once a multiframe (1.5ms) unless a freeze is in effect. See the timing diagrams in Section 16 for some examples. The other hardware-based signaling operating mode called signaling reinsertion can be invoked by setting the RSRE control bit high (CCR4.7 = 1). In this mode, the user will provide a multiframe sync at the RSYNC pin and the signaling data will be re-aligned at the RSER output according to this applied multiframe boundary. In this mode, the elastic store must be enabled however the backplane clock can be either 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz. If the signaling reinsertion mode is enabled, the user can control which channels have signaling reinsertion performed on a channel-by-channel basis by setting the RPCSI control bit high (CCR4.6) and then programming the RCHBLK output pin to go high in the channels in which the signaling reinsertion should not occur. If the RPCSI bit is set low, then signaling reinsertion will occur in all channels when the signaling reinsertion mode is enabled (RSRE = 1). How to control the operation of the RCHBLK output pin is covered in Section 10. In signaling reinsertion mode, the user has the option to replace all of the extracted robbed-bit signaling bit positions with 1s. This option is enabled via the RFSA1 control bit (CCR4.5) and it can be invoked on a per-channel basis by setting the RPCSI control bit (CCR4.6) high and then programming RCHBLK appropriately just like the per-channel signaling reinsertion operates. The signaling data in the four-multiframe buffer will be frozen in a known good state upon either a loss of synchronization (OOF event), carrier loss, or frame slip. This action meets the requirements of BellCore TR-TSY-000170 for signaling freezing. To allow this freeze action to occur, the RFE control bit (CCR4.4) should be set high. The user can force a freeze by setting the RFF control bit (CCR4.3) high. The RSIGF output pin provides a hardware indication that a freeze is in effect. The four-multiframe buffer provides a three-multiframe delay in the signaling bits provided at the RSIG pin (and at the RSER pin if RSRE = 1). When freezing is enabled (RFE = 1), the signaling data will be held in the last known good state until the corrupting error condition subsides. When the error condition subsides, the signaling data will be held in the old state for at least an additional 9ms (or 4.5ms in D4 framing mode) before being allowed to be updated with new signaling data. 8.2.2 Transmit Side Via the THSE control bit (CCR4.2), the DS2152 can be set up to take the signaling data presented at the TSIG pin and insert the signaling data into the PCM data stream that is being input at the TSER pin. The user can control which channels are to have signaling data from the TSIG pin inserted into them on a channel-by-channel basis by setting the TPCSI control bit (CCR4.1) high. When TPCSI is enabled, channels in which the TCHBLK output has been programmed to be set high in, will not have signaling data from the TSIG pin inserted into them. The hardware signaling insertion capabilities of the DS2152 are available whether the transmit side elastic store is enabled or disabled. If the elastic store is enabled, the backplane clock (TSYSCLK) can be either 1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz. 49 of 97 DS2152 9 PER-CHANNEL CODE (IDLE) GENERATION AND LOOPBACK The DS2152 can replace data on a channel-by-channel basis in both the transmit and receive directions. The transmit direction is from the backplane to the T1 line and is covered in Section 9.1. The receive direction is from the T1 line to the backplane and is covered in Section 9.2. 9.1 Transmit Side Code Generation In the transmit direction there are two methods by which channel data from the backplane can be overwritten with data generated by the DS2152. The first method, which is covered in Section 9.1.1, was a feature contained in the original DS2151 while the second method, which is covered in Section 9.1.2, is a new feature of the DS2152. 9.1.1 Simple Idle Code Insertion and Per-Channel Loopback The first method involves using the Transmit Idle Registers (TIR1/2/3) to determine which of the 24 T1 channels should be overwritten with the code placed in the Transmit Idle Definition Register (TIDR). This method allows the same 8-bit code to be placed into any of the 24 T1 channels. If this method is used, then the CCR4.0 control bit must be set to 0. Each of the bit positions in the Transmit Idle Registers (TIR1/TIR2/TIR3) represents a DS0 channel in the outgoing frame. When these bits are set to a 1, the corresponding channel will transmit the Idle Code contained in the Transmit Idle Definition Register (TIDR). Robbed-bit signaling and Bit 7 stuffing will occur over the programmed Idle Code unless the DS0 channel is made transparent by the Transmit Transparency Registers. The Transmit Idle Registers (TIRs) have an alternate function that allows them to define a Per-Channel Loop-Back (PCLB). If the TIRFS control bit (CCR4.0) is set to 1, then the TIRs will determine which channels (if any) from the backplane should be replaced with the data from the receive side or, in other words, off of the T1 line. If this mode is enabled, then transmit and receive clocks and frame syncs must be synchronized. One method to accomplish this would be to tie RCLK to TCLK and RFSYNC to TSYNC. TIR1/TIR2/TIR3: TRANSMIT IDLE REGISTERS (Address = 3C to 3E Hex) (Also used for Per-Channel Loopback.) (MSB) CH8 CH7 CH6 CH5 CH16 CH15 CH14 CH13 CH24 CH23 CH22 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 CH9 CH17 TIR1 (3C) TIR2 (3D) TIR3 (3E) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 TIR3.7 Transmit Idle Registers. 0 = do not insert the Idle Code in the TIDR into this channel CH1 TIR1.0 1 = insert the Idle Code in the TIDR into this channel Note: If CCR4.0 = 1, then a 0 in the TIRs implies that channel data is to be sourced from TSER and a 1 implies that channel data is to be sourced from the output of the receive side framer (i.e., Per-Channel Loopback; see Figure 1-1). 50 of 97 DS2152 TIDR: TRANSMIT IDLE DEFINITION REGISTER (Address = 3F Hex) (MSB) TIDR7 TIDR6 TIDR5 TIDR4 TIDR3 TIDR2 TIDR1 SYMBOL POSITION TIDR7 TIDR.7 MSB of the Idle Code (this bit is transmitted first). TIDR0 TIDR.0 LSB of the Idle Code (this bit is transmitted last). (LSB) TIDR0 NAME AND DESCRIPTION 9.1.2 Per-Channel Code Insertion The second method involves using the Transmit Channel Control Registers (TCC1/2/3) to determine which of the 24 T1 channels should be overwritten with the code placed in the Transmit Channel Registers (TC1 to TC24). This method is more flexible than the first in that it allows a different 8-bit code to be placed into each of the 24 T1 channels. TC1 TO TC24: TRANSMIT CHANNEL REGISTERS (Address = 40 to 4F and 50 to 57 Hex) (For brevity, only channel 1 is shown; see Table 2-1 for other register address.) (MSB) C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 (LSB) C0 C1 SYMBOL POSITION C7 TC1.7 MSB of the Code (this bit is transmitted first). C0 TC1.0 LSB of the Code (this bit is transmitted last). TC1 (50) NAME AND DESCRIPTION TCC1/TCC2/TCC3: TRANSMIT CHANNEL CONTROL REGISTER (Address = 16 to 18 Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 SYMBOL CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 CH9 CH17 TCC1 (16) TCC2 (17) TCC3 (18) POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 TCC3.7 Transmit Channel 24 Code Insertion Control Bit 0 = do not insert data from the TC1 register into the transmit data stream 1 = insert data from the TC1 register into the transmit data stream CH1 TCC1.0 Transmit Channel 1 Code Insertion Control Bit 0 = do not insert data from the TC32 register into the transmit data stream 1 = insert data from the TC32 register into the transmit data stream 51 of 97 DS2152 9.2 Receive Side Code Generation In the receive direction there are also two methods by which channel data to the backplane can be overwritten with data generated by the DS2152. The first method, which is covered in Section 9.2.1, was a feature contained in the original DS2151, while the second method, which is covered in Section 9.2.2, is a new feature of the DS2152. 9.2.1 Simple Code Insertion The first method on the receive side involves using the Receive Mark Registers (RMR1/2/3) to determine which of the 24 T1 channels should be overwritten with either a 7Fh idle code or with a digital milliwatt pattern. The RCR2.7 bit will determine which code is used. The digital milliwatt code is an 8-byte repeating pattern that represents a 1kHz sine wave (1E/0B/0B/1E/9E/8B/8B/9E). Each bit in the RMRs represents a particular channel. If a bit is set to a 1, then the receive data in that channel will be replaced with one of the two codes. If a bit is set to 0, no replacement occurs. RMR1/RMR2/RMR3: RECEIVE MARK REGISTERS (Address = 2D to 2F Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 RMR1(2D) CH9 RMR2(2E) CH17 RMR3(2F) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 RMR3.7 Receive MARK Registers. 0 = do not affect the receive data associated with this channel CH1 RMR1.0 1 = replace the receive data associated with this channel with either the idle code or the digital milliwatt code (depends on the RCR2.7 bit) 9.2.2 Per-Channel Code Insertion The second method involves using the Receive Channel Control Registers (RCC1/2/3) to determine which of the 24 T1 channels off the T1 line and going to the backplane should be overwritten with the code placed in the Receive Channel Registers (RC1 to RC24). This method is more flexible than the first in that it allows a different 8-bit code to be placed into each of the 24 T1 channels. RC1 TO RC24: RECEIVE CHANNEL REGISTERS (Address = 58 to 5F and 80 to 8F Hex) (For brevity, only channel 1 is shown; see Table 2-1 for other register address.) (MSB) C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 (LSB) C0 RC1 (58) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION C7 RC1.7 MSB of the Code (this bit is sent first to the backplane) C0 RC1.0 LSB of the Code (this bit is sent last to the backplane) 52 of 97 DS2152 RCC1/RCC2/RCC3: RECEIVE CHANNEL CONTROL REGISTER (Address = 1B to 1D Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 CH9 CH17 RCC1 (1B) RCC2 (1C) RCC3 (1D) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 RCC3.7 Receive Channel 24 Code Insertion Control Bit 0 = do not insert data from the RC24 register into the receive data stream 1 = insert data from the RC24 register into the receive data stream CH1 RCC1.0 Receive Channel 1 Code Insertion Control Bit 0 = do not insert data from the RC1 register into the receive data stream 1 = insert data from the RC1 register into the receive data stream 53 of 97 DS2152 10 CLOCK BLOCKING REGISTERS The Receive Channel Blocking Registers (RCBR1/RCBR2/RCBR3) and the Transmit Channel Blocking Registers (TCBR1/TCBR2/TCBR3) control the RCHBLK and TCHBLK pins, respectively. The RCHBLK and TCHCLK pins are user-programmable outputs that can be forced either high or low during individual channels. These outputs can be used to block clocks to a USART or LAPD controller in Fractional T1 or ISDN-PRI applications. When the appropriate bits are set to 1, the RCHBLK and TCHCLK pins will be held high during the entire corresponding channel time. See the timing diagrams in Section 16 for an example. RCBR1/RCBR2/RCBR3: RECEIVE CHANNEL BLOCKING REGISTERS (Address = 6C to 6E Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 CH9 CH17 RCBR1 (6C) RCBR2 (6D) RCBR3 (6E) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 RCBR3.7 Receive Channel Blocking Registers. 0 = force the RCHBLK pin to remain low during this channel time CH1 RCBR1.0 1 = force the RCHBLK pin high during this channel time TCBR1/TCBR2/TCBR3: TRANSMIT CHANNEL BLOCKING REGISTERS (Address = 32 to 34 Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 (LSB) CH1 TCBR1 (32) CH9 TCBR1 (33) CH17 TCBR1 (34) SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION CH24 TCBR3.7 Transmit Channel Blocking Registers. 0 = force the TCHBLK pin to remain low during this channel time CH1 TCBR1.0 1 = force the TCHBLK pin high during this channel time 54 of 97 DS2152 11 ELASTIC STORES OPERATION The DS2152 contains dual two-frame (386 bits) elastic stores: one for the receive direction and one for the transmit direction. These elastic stores have two main purposes. First, they can be used to rate convert the T1 data stream to 2.048Mbps (or a multiple of 2.048Mbps), which is the E1 rate. Secondly, they can be used to absorb the differences in frequency and phase between the T1 data stream and an asynchronous (i.e., not frequency locked) backplane clock (which can be 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz). The backplane clock can burst at rates up to 8.192MHz. Both elastic stores contain fully controlled slip capability, which is necessary for this second purpose. The receive side elastic store can be enabled via CCR1.2 and the transmit side elastic store is enabled via CCR1.7. The elastic stores can be forced to a known depth via the Elastic Store Reset bit (CCR3.6). Toggling the CCR3.6 bit forces the read and write pointers into opposite frames. Both elastic stores within the DS2152 are fully independent and no restrictions apply to the sourcing of the various clocks that are applied to them. The transmit side elastic store can be enabled whether the receive elastic store is enabled or disabled and vice versa. Also, each elastic store can interface to either a 1.544MHz or 2.048MHz backplane without regard to the backplane rate the other elastic store is interfacing. 11.1 Receive Side If the receive side elastic store is enabled (CCR1.2 = 1), then the user must provide either a 1.544MHz (CCR1.3 = 0) or 2.048MHz (CCR1.3 = 1) clock at the RSYSCLK pin. The user has the option of either providing a frame/multiframe sync at the RSYNC pin (RCR2.3 = 1) or having the RSYNC pin provide a pulse on frame boundaries (RCR2.3 = 0). If the user wishes to obtain pulses at the frame boundary, then RCR2.4 must be set to 0; if the user wishes to have pulses occur at the multiframe boundary, then RCR2.4 must be set to 1. The DS2152 always indicates frame boundaries via the RFSYNC output whether the elastic store is enabled or not. If the elastic store is enabled, then multiframe boundaries will be indicated via the RMSYNC output. If the user selects to apply a 2.048MHz clock to the RSYSCLK pin, then the data output at RSER will be forced to all 1s every fourth channel and the F-bit will be placed in the MSB bit position of channel 1. Hence, channels 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 29 (time slots 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28) are forced to 1. Also, in 2.048MHz applications, the RCHBLK output is forced high during the same channels as the RSER pin. See Section 16 for more details. This is useful in T1 to CEPT (E1) conversion applications. If the 386-bit elastic buffer either fills or empties, a controlled slip occurs. If the buffer empties, a full frame of data (193 bits) is repeated at RSER, and the SR1.4 and RIR1.3 bits are set to 1, except the MSB of channel 1. See Figure 16-5. If the buffer fills, a full frame of data is deleted, and the SR1.4 and RIR1.4 bits are set to 1. 11.2 Transmit Side The operation of the transmit elastic store is very similar to the receive side. The transmit side elastic store is enabled via CCR1.7. A 1.544MHz (CCR1.4 = 0) or 2.048MHz (CCR1.4 = 1) clock can be applied to the TSYSCLK input. If the user selects to apply a 2.048MHz clock to the TSYSCLK pin, then the data input at TSER will be ignored every fourth channel. Hence, channels 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 29 (time slots 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28) are ignored. The F-bit may be sampled at the MSB of channel 1. See Figure 16-10. The user must supply an 8kHz frame sync pulse to the TSSYNC input. Also, in 2.048MHz applications the TCHBLK output is forced high during the channels ignored by the DS2152. See Section 16 for more details. Controlled slips in the transmit elastic store are reported in the RIR2.3 bit, and the direction of the slip is reported in the RIR2.5 and RIR2.4 bits. 55 of 97 DS2152 11.3 Minimum Delay Synchronous RSYSCLK/TSYSCLK Mode In applications where the DS2152 is connected to backplanes that are frequency-locked to the recovered T1 clock (i.e., the RCLK output), the full two-frame depth of the on-board elastic stores is really not needed. In fact, in some delay-sensitive applications the normal two-frame depth may be excessive. If the CCR3.7 bit is set to 1, then the receive elastic store (and also the transmit elastic store if it is enabled) will be forced to a maximum depth of 32 bits instead of the normal 386 bits. In this mode, RSYSCLK and TSYSCLK must be tied together and they must be frequency-locked to RCLK. All the slip contention logic in the DS2152 is disabled (since slips cannot occur). Also, since the buffer depth is no longer two frames deep, the DS2152 must be set up to source a frame pulse at the RSYNC pin and this output must be tied to the TSSYNC input. On power-up after the RSYSCLK and TSYSCLK signals have locked to the RCLK signal, the elastic store reset bit (CCR3.6) should be toggled from 0 to 1 to ensure proper operation. 56 of 97 DS2152 12 FDL/FS EXTRACTION AND INSERTION The DS2152 can extract/insert data from/into the Facility Data Link (FDL) in the ESF framing mode and from/into Fs-bit position in the D4 framing mode. Because SLC-96 uses the Fs-bit position, this capability can also be used in SLC-96 applications. The DS2152 contains a complete HDLC and BOC controller for the FDL. See Section 12.1 for this operation. To allow for backward compatibility between the DS2152 and earlier devices, the DS2152 maintains some legacy functionality for the FDL (see Section 12.2). Section 12.3 covers D4 and SLC-96 operation. Contact the factory for a copy of C language source code for implementing the FDL on the DS2152. 12.1 HDLC and BOC Controller for the FDL The DS2152 contains a complete HDLC controller with 16-byte buffers in both the transmit and receive directions as well as separate dedicated hardware for Bit Oriented Codes (BOC). The HDLC controller performs all the necessary overhead for generating and receiving Performance Report Messages (PRM) as described in ANSI T1.403 and the messages as described in AT&T TR54016. The HDLC controller automatically generates and detects flags, generates and checks the CRC check sum, generates and detects abort sequences, stuffs and destuffs 0s (for transparency), and byte-aligns to the FDL data stream. The 16-byte buffers in the HDLC controller are large enough to allow a full PRM to be received or transmitted without host intervention. The BOC controller will automatically detect incoming BOC sequences and alert the host. When the BOC ceases, the DS2152 will also alert the host. The user can set the device up to send any of the possible 6-bit BOC codes. There are nine registers that the host will use to operate and control the operation of the HDLC and BOC controllers. A brief description of the registers is shown in Table 12-1. Table 12-1. HDLC/BOC Controller Register List NAME FDL Control Register (FDLC) FDL Status Register (FDLS) FDL Interrupt Mask Register (FIMR) Receive PRM Register (RPRM) Receive BOC Register (RBOC) Receive FDL FIFO Register (RFFR) Transmit PRM Register (TPRM) Transmit BOC Register (TBOC) Transmit FDL FIFO Register (TFFR) 12.1.1 FUNCTION General control over the HDLC and BOC controllers key status information for both transmit and receive directions allows/stops status bits to/from causing an interrupt. Status information on receive HDLC controller status information on receive BOC controller access to 16-byte HDLC FIFO in receive direction. Status information on transmit HDLC controller enables/disables transmission of BOC codes access to 16-byte HDLC FIFO in transmit direction. Status Register for the FDL Four of the HDLC/BOC controller registers (FDLS, RPRM, RBOC, and TPRM) provide status information. When a particular event has occurred (or is occurring), the appropriate bit in one of these four registers will be set to a 1. Some of the bits in these four FDL status registers are latched and some are real-time bits that are not latched. Section 12 contains register descriptions that list which bits are latched and which are not. With the latched bits, when an event occurs and a bit is set to a 1, it will remain set until the user reads that bit. The bit will be cleared when it is read and it will not be set again until the event has occurred again. The real-time bits report the current instantaneous conditions that are occurring, and the history of these bits is not latched. 57 of 97 DS2152 Like the other status registers in the DS2152, the user will always precede a read of any of the four registers with a write. The byte written to the register will inform the DS2152 which of the latched bits the user wishes to read and have cleared (the real-time bits are not affected by writing to the status register). The user will write a byte to one of these registers, with a 1 in the bit positions he or she wishes to read and a 0 in the bit positions he or she does not wish to obtain the latest information on. When a 1 is written to a bit location, the read register will be updated with current value and it will be cleared. When a 0 is written to a bit position, the read register will not be updated and the previous value will be held. A write to the status and information registers will be immediately followed by a read of the same register. The read result should be logically ANDed with the mask byte that was just written and this value should be written back into the same register to insure that bit does indeed clear. This second write step is necessary because the alarms and events in the status registers occur asynchronously in respect to their access via the parallel port. This write-read-write (for polled driven access) or write-read (for interruptdriven access) scheme allows an external microcontroller or microprocessor to individually poll certain bits without disturbing the other bits in the register. This operation is key in controlling the DS2152 with higher-order software languages. Like the SR1 and SR2 status registers, the FDLS register has the unique ability to initiate a hardware interrupt via the INT output pin. Each of the events in the FDLS can be either masked or unmasked from the interrupt pin via the FDL Interrupt Mask Register (FIMR). Interrupts will force the INT pin low when the event occurs. The INT pin will be allowed to return high (if no other interrupts are present) when the user reads the event bit that caused the interrupt to occur. 12.1.2 Basic Operation Details To allow the DS2152 to properly source/receive data from/to the HDLC and BOC controller the legacy FDL circuitry (which is described in Section 12.2) should be disabled and the following bits should be programmed as shown: TCR1.2 = 1 (source FDL data from the HDLC and BOC controller) TBOC.6 = 1 (enable HDLC and BOC controller) CCR2.5 = 0 (disable SLC-96 and D4 Fs-bit insertion) CCR2.4 = 0 (disable legacy FDL 0 stuffer) CCR2.1 = 0 (disable SLC-96 reception) CCR2.0 = 0 (disable legacy FDL 0 stuffer) IMR2.4 = 0 (disable legacy receive FDL buffer full interrupt) IMR2.3 = 0 (disable legacy transmit FDL buffer empty interrupt) IMR2.2 = 0 (disable legacy FDL match interrupt) IMR2.1 = 0 (disable legacy FDL abort interrupt) As a basic guideline for interpreting and sending both HDLC messages and BOC messages, the following sequences can be applied: 58 of 97 DS2152 12.1.3 Receive an HDLC Message or a BOC 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Enable RBOC and RPS interrupts. Wait for interrupt to occur. If RBOC = 1, then follow steps 5 and 6. If RPS = 1, then follow steps 7 thru 12. If LBD = 1, a BOC is present, then read the code from the RBOC register and take action as needed. If BD = 0, a BOC has ceased, take action as needed and then return to step 1. Disable RPS interrupt and enable either RPE, RNE, or RHALF interrupt. Read RPRM to obtain REMPTY status. a. If REMPTY = 0, then record OBYTE, CBYTE, and POK bits and then read the FIFO . a1. If CBYTE = 0 then skip to step 9. a2. If CBYTE = 1 then skip to step 11. b. If REMPTY = 1, then skip to step 10. 9) Repeat step 8. 10) Wait for interrupt, skip to step 8. 11) If POK = 0, then discard whole packet, if POK = 1, accept the packet. 12) Disable RPE, RNE, or RHALF interrupt, enable RPS interrupt and return to step 1. 12.1.4 Transmit an HDLC Message 1) Make sure HDLC controller is finished sending any previous messages and is currently sending flags by checking that the FIFO is empty by reading the TEMPTY status bit in the TPRM register. 2) Enable either the THALF or TNF interrupt. 3) Read TPRM to obtain TFULL status. a. If TFULL = 0, then write a byte into the FIFO and skip to next step (special case occurs when the last byte is to be written, in this case set TEOM = 1 before writing the byte and then skip to step 6). b. If TFULL = 1, then skip to step 5. 4) Repeat step 3. 5) Wait for interrupt, skip to step 3. 6) Disable THALF or TNF interrupt and enable TMEND interrupt. 7) Wait for an interrupt, then read TUDR status bit to make sure packet was transmitted correctly. 12.1.5 Transmit a BOC 1) Write 6-bit code into TBOC. 2) Set SBOC bit in TBOC = 1. 59 of 97 DS2152 12.1.6 HDLC/BOC Register Description FDLC: FDL CONTROL REGISTER (Address = 00 Hex) (MSB) RBR RHR TFS THR TABT TEOM TZSD (LSB) TCRCF SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RBR FDLC.7 Receive BOC Reset. A 0 to 1 transition will reset the BOC circuitry. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent reset. RHR FDLC.6 Receive HDLC Reset. A 0 to 1 transition will reset the HDLC controller. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent reset. TFS FDLC.5 Transmit Flag/Idle Select. 0 = 7Eh 1 = FFh THR FDLC.4 Transmit HDLC Reset. A 0 to 1 transition will reset both the HDLC controller and the transmit BOC circuitry. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent reset. TABT FDLC.3 Transmit Abort. A 0 to 1 transition will cause the FIFO contents to be dumped and one FEh abort to be sent followed by 7Eh or FFh flags/idle until a new packet is initiated by writing new data into the FIFO. Must be cleared and set again for a subsequent abort to be sent. TEOM FDLC.2 Transmit End of Message. Should be set to a 1 just before the last data byte of a HDLC packet is written into the transmit FIFO at TFFR. This bit will be cleared by the HDLC controller when the last byte has been transmitted. TZSD FDLC.1 Transmit 0 Stuffer Defeat. Overrides internal enable. 0 = enable the 0 stuffer (normal operation) 1 = disable the 0 stuffer TCRCD FDLC.0 Transmit CRC Defeat. 0 = enable CRC generation (normal operation) 1 = disable CRC generation 60 of 97 DS2152 FDLS: FDL STATUS REGISTER (Address = 01 Hex) (MSB) RBOC RPE RPS RHALF RNE THALF TNF (LSB) TMEND SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RBOC FDLS.7 Receive BOC Detector Change of State. Set whenever the BOC detector sees a change of state from a BOC Detected to a No Valid Code seen or vice versa. The setting of this bit prompt the user to read the RBOC register for details. RPE FDLS.6 Receive Packet End. Set when the HDLC controller detects either the finish of a valid message (i.e., CRC check complete) or when the controller has experienced a message fault such as a CRC checking error, or an overrun condition, or an abort has been seen. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the RPRM register for details. RPS FDLS.5 Receive Packet Start. Set when the HDLC controller detects an opening byte. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the RPRM register for details. RHALF FDLS.4 Receive FIFO Half Full. Set when the receive 16-byte FIFO fills beyond the halfway point. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the RPRM register for details. RNE FDLS.3 Receive FIFO Not Empty. Set when the receive 16-byte FIFO has at least 1 byte available for a read. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the RPRM register for details. THALF FDLS.2 Transmit FIFO Half Empty. Set when the transmit 16-byte FIFO empties beyond the halfway point. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the TPRM register for details. TNF FDLS.1 Transmit FIFO Not Full. Set when the transmit 16-byte FIFO has at least 1 byte available. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the TPRM register for details. TMEND FDLS.0 Transmit Message End. Set when the transmit HDLC controller has finished sending a message. The setting of this bit prompts the user to read the TPRM register for details. Note: The RBOC, RPE, RPS, and TMEND bits are latched and will be cleared when read. 61 of 97 DS2152 FIMR: FDL INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER (Address = 02 Hex) (MSB) RBOC RPE RPS RHALF RNE THALF SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RBOC FIMR.7 Receive BOC Detector Change of State. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RPE FIMR.6 Receive Packet End. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RPS FIMR.5 Receive Packet Start. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RHALF FIMR.4 Receive FIFO Half Full. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled RNE FIMR.3 Receive FIFO Not Empty. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled THALF FIMR.2 Transmit FIFO Half Empty. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled TNF FIMR.1 Transmit FIFO Not Full. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled TMEND FIMR.0 Transmit Message End. 0 = interrupt masked 1 = interrupt enabled 62 of 97 TNF (LSB) TMEND DS2152 RPRM: RECEIVE RPM REGISTER (Address = 03 Hex) (MSB) RABT RCRCE ROVR RVM REMPTY POK CBYTE (LSB) OBYTE SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RABT RPRM.7 Abort Sequence Detected. Set whenever the HDLC controller sees seven or more 1s in a row. RCRCE RPRM.6 CRC Error. Set when the CRC checksum is in error. ROVR RPRM.5 Overrun. Set when the HDLC controller has attempted to write a byte into an already full receive FIFO. RVM RPRM.4 Valid Message. Set when the HDLC controller has detected and checked a complete HDLC packet. REMPTY RPRM.3 Empty. A real-time bit that is set high when the receive FIFO is empty. POK RPRM.2 Packet OK. Set when the byte available for reading in the receive FIFO at RFDL is the last byte of a valid message (and hence no abort was seen, no overrun occurred, and the CRC was correct). CBYTE RPRM.1 Closing Byte. Set when the byte available for reading in the receive FIFO at RFDL is the last byte of a message (whether the message was valid or not). OBYTE RPRM.0 Opening Byte. Set when the byte available for reading in the receive FIFO at RFDL is the first byte of a message. Note: The RABT, RCRCE, ROVR, and RVM bits are latched and will be cleared when read. 63 of 97 DS2152 RBOC: RECEIVE BOC REGISTER (Address = 04 Hex) (MSB) LBD BD BOC5 BOC4 BOC3 BOC2 BOC1 (LSB) BOC0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION LBD RBOC.7 Latched BOC Detected. A latched version of the BD status bit (RBOC.6). Will be cleared when read. BD RBOC.6 BOC Detected. A real-time bit that is set high when the BOC detector is presently seeing a valid sequence and set low when no BOC is currently being detected. BOC5 RBOC.5 BOC Bit 5. Last bit received of the 6-bit codeword. BOC4 RBOC.4 BOC Bit 4. BOC3 RBOC.3 BOC Bit 3. BOC2 RBOC.2 BOC Bit 2. BOC1 RBOC.1 BOC Bit 1. BOC0 RBOC.0 BOC Bit 0. First bit received of the 6-bit codeword. Note 1: The LBD bit is latched and will be cleared when read. Note 2: The RBOC0 to RBOC5 bits display the last valid BOC code verified; these bits will be set to all 1s on reset. RFFR: RECEIVE FDL FIFO REGISTER (Address = 05 Hex) (MSB) FDL7 FDL6 FDL5 FDL4 FDL3 FDL2 FDL1 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION FDL7 RFFR.7 FDL Data Bit 7. MSB of a HDLC packet data byte. FDL6 RFFR.6 FDL Data Bit 6. FDL5 RFFR.5 FDL Data Bit 5. FDL4 RFFR.4 FDL Data Bit 4. FDL3 RFFR.3 FDL Data Bit 3. FDL2 RFFR.2 FDL Data Bit 2. FDL1 RFFR.1 FDL Data Bit 1. FDL0 RFFR.0 FDL Data Bit 0. LSB of a HDLC packet data byte. 64 of 97 (LSB) FDL0 DS2152 TPRM: TRANSMIT PRM REGISTER (Address = 06 Hex) (MSB) — — — — — TEMPTY (LSB) UDR TFULL SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION — Not Assigned. Could be any value when read. TEMPTY TPRM.7 to TPRM.3 TPRM.2 TFULL TPRM.1 Transmit FIFO Full. A real-time bit that is set high when the FIFO is full. UDR TPRM.0 Underrun. Set when the transmit FIFO unwantedly empties out and an abort is automatically sent. Transmit FIFO Empty. A real-time bit that is set high when the FIFO is empty. Note: The UDR bit is latched and will be cleared when read. TBOC: TRANSMIT BOC REGISTER (Address = 07 Hex) (MSB) SBOC HBEN BOC5 BOC4 BOC3 BOC2 BOC1 (LSB) BOC0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION SBOC TBOC.7 Send BOC. Rising edge triggered. Must be transitioned from a 0 to a 1 transmit the BOC code placed in the BOC0 to BOC5 bits instead of data from the HDLC controller. HBEN TBOC.6 Transmit HDLC & BOC Controller Enable. 0 = source FDL data from the TLINK pin 1 = source FDL data from the on-board HDLC and BOC controller BOC5 TBOC.5 BOC Bit 5. Last bit transmitted of the 6-bit codeword. BOC4 TBOC.4 BOC Bit 4. BOC3 TBOC.3 BOC Bit 3. BOC2 TBOC.2 BOC Bit 2. BOC1 TBOC.1 BOC Bit 1. BOC0 TBOC.0 BOC Bit 0. First bit transmitted of the 6-bit codeword. 65 of 97 DS2152 TFFR: TRANSMIT FDL FIFO REGISTER (Address = 08 Hex) (MSB) FDL7 FDL6 FDL5 FDL4 FDL3 FDL2 FDL1 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION FDL7 TFFR.7 FDL Data Bit 7. MSB of a HDLC packet data byte. FDL6 TFFR.6 FDL Data Bit 6. FDL5 TFFR.5 FDL Data Bit 5. FDL4 TFFR.4 FDL Data Bit 4. FDL3 TFFR.3 FDL Data Bit 3. FDL2 TFFR.2 FDL Data Bit 2. FDL1 TFFR.1 FDL Data Bit 1. FDL0 TFFR.0 FDL Data Bit 0. LSB of a HDLC packet data byte. 66 of 97 (LSB) FDL0 DS2152 12.2 Legacy FDL Support In order to provide backward compatibility to the older DS2151 device, the DS2152 maintains the circuitry that existed in the previous generation of T1 single-chip transceivers. This section covers the circuitry and operation of this legacy functionality. In new applications, it is recommended that the HDLC controller and BOC controller described in Section 12.1 be used. On the receive side, it is possible to have both the new HDLC/BOC controller and the legacy hardware working at the same time. However, this is not possible on the transmit side since their can be only one source the of the FDL data internal to the device. 12.2.1 Receive Section In the receive section, the recovered FDL bits or Fs bits are shifted bit-by-bit into the Receive FDL register (RFDL). Since the RFDL is 8 bits in length, it will fill up every 2ms (8 times 250µs). The DS2152 will signal an external microcontroller that the buffer has filled via the SR2.4 bit. If enabled via IMR2.4, the INT pin will toggle low indicating that the buffer has filled and needs to be read. The user has 2ms to read this data before it is lost. If the byte in the RFDL matches either of the bytes programmed into the RFDLM1 or RFDLM2 registers, then the SR2.2 bit will be set to a 1 and the INT pin will toggled low if enabled via IMR2.2. This feature allows an external microcontroller to ignore the FDL or Fs pattern until an important event occurs. The DS2152 also contains a 0 destuffer which is controlled via the CCR2.0 bit. In both ANSI T1.403 and TR54016, communications on the FDL follows a subset of a LAPD protocol. The LAPD protocol states that no more than five 1s should be transmitted in a row so that the data does not resemble an opening or closing flag (01111110) or an abort signal (11111111). If enabled via CCR2.0, the DS2152 will automatically look for five 1s in a row, followed by a 0. If it finds such a pattern, it will automatically remove the 0. If the 0 destuffer sees six or more 1s in a row followed by a 0, the 0 is not removed. The CCR2.0 bit should always be set to a 1 when the DS2152 is extracting the FDL. More on how to use the DS2152 in FDL applications in this legacy support mode is covered in a separate application note. RFDL: RECEIVE FDL REGISTER (Address = 28 Hex) (MSB) RFDL7 RFDL6 RFDL5 RFDL4 RFDL3 RFDL2 SYMBOL POSITION RFDL7 RFDL.7 MSB of the Received FDL Code RFDL0 RFDL.0 LSB of the Received FDL Code RFDL1 (LSB) RFDL0 NAME AND DESCRIPTION The Receive FDL Register (RFDL) reports the incoming Facility Data Link (FDL) or the incoming Fs bits. The LSB is received first. 67 of 97 DS2152 RFDLM1: RECEIVE FDL MATCH REGISTER 1 (Address = 29 Hex) RFDLM2: RECEIVE FDL MATCH REGISTER 2 (Address = 2A Hex) (MSB) RFDL7 RFDL6 RFDL5 RFDL4 RFDL3 RFDL2 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION RFDL7 RFDL.7 MSB of the FDL Match Code RFDL0 RFDL.0 LSB of the FDL Match Code RFDL1 (LSB) RFDL0 When the byte in the Receive FDL Register matches either of the two Receive FDL Match Registers (RFDLM1/RFDLM2), RSR2.2 will be set to 1 and the INT will go active if enabled via IMR2.2. 12.2.2 Transmit Section The transmit section will shift out into the T1 data stream either the FDL (in the ESF framing mode) or the Fs bits (in the D4 framing mode) contained in the Transmit FDL register (TFDL). When a new value is written to the TFDL, it will be multiplexed serially (LSB first) into the proper position in the outgoing T1 data stream. After the full 8 bits have been shifted out, the DS2152 will signal the host microcontroller that the buffer is empty and that more data is needed by setting the SR2.3 bit to 1. The INT will also toggle low if enabled via IMR2.3. The user has 2ms to update the TFDL with a new value. If the TFDL is not updated, the old value in the TFDL will be transmitted once again. The DS2152 also contains a 0 stuffer which is controlled via the CCR2.4 bit. In both ANSI T1.403 and TR54016, communications on the FDL follows a subset of a LAPD protocol. The LAPD protocol states that no more than five 1s should be transmitted in a row so that the data does not resemble an opening or closing flag (01111110) or an abort signal (11111111). If enabled via CCR2.4, the DS2152 will automatically look for five 1s in a row. If it finds such a pattern, it will automatically insert a 0 after the five 1s. The CCR2.0 bit should always be set to a 1 when the DS2152 is inserting the FDL. More on how to use the DS2152 in FDL applications is covered in a separate application note. TFDL: TRANSMIT FDL REGISTER (Address = 7E Hex) (Also used to insert Fs framing pattern in D4 framing mode; see Section 12.3) (MSB) TFDL7 TFDL6 TFDL5 TFDL4 TFDL3 TFDL2 TFDL1 SYMBOL POSITION TFDL7 TFDL.7 MSB of the FDL code to be transmitted. TFDL0 TFDL.0 LSB of the FDL code to be transmitted. (LSB) TFDL0 NAME AND DESCRIPTION The Transmit FDL Register (TFDL) contains the Facility Data Link (FDL) information that is to be inserted on a byte basis into the outgoing T1 data stream. The LSB is transmitted first. 68 of 97 DS2152 12.3 D4/SLC-96 OPERATION In the D4 framing mode, the DS2152 uses the TFDL register to insert the Fs framing pattern. To allow the device to properly insert the Fs framing pattern, the TFDL register at address 7Eh must be programmed to 1Ch and the following bits must be programmed as shown: TCR1.2 = 0 (source Fs data from the TFDL register) CCR2.5 = 1 (allow the TFDL register to load on multiframe boundaries) Since the SLC-96 message fields share the Fs-bit position, the user can access these message fields via the TFDL and RFDL registers. See the separate application note for a detailed description of how to implement an SLC-96 function. 69 of 97 DS2152 13 PROGRAMMABLE IN-BAND CODE GENERATION AND DETECTION The DS2152 can generate and detect a repeating bit pattern that is from 1 to 8 bits in length. To transmit a pattern, the user will load the pattern to be sent into the Transmit Code Definition (TCD) register and select the proper length of the pattern by setting the TC0 and TC1 bits in the In-Band Code Control (IBCC) register. Once this is accomplished, the pattern will be transmitted as long as the TLOOP control bit (CCR3.1) is enabled. Normally (unless the transmit formatter is programmed to not insert the F-bit position) the DS2152 will overwrite the repeating pattern once every 193 bits to allow the F-bit position to be sent. See Figure 16-11 for more details. As an example, if the user wished to transmit the standard “loop up” code for Channel Service Units which is a repeating pattern of ...10000100001... then 80h would be loaded into TDR and the length would set to 5 bits. The DS2152 can detect two separate repeating patterns to allow for both a “loop up” code and a “loop down” code to be detected. The user will program the codes to be detected in the Receive Up Code Definition (RUPCD) register and the Receive Down Code Definition (RDNCD) register and the length of each pattern will be selected via the IBCC register. The DS2152 will detect repeating pattern codes in both framed and unframed circumstances with bit error rates as high as 10**-2. The code detector has a nominal integration period of 48ms. Hence, after about 48 ms of receiving either code, the proper status bit (LUP at SR1.7 and LDN at SR1.6) will be set to a 1. Normally codes are sent for a period of 5 seconds. It is recommend that the software poll the DS2152 every 100ms to 1000ms until 5 seconds has elapsed to insure that the code is continuously present. IBCC: IN-BAND CODE CONTROL REGISTER (Address = 12 Hex) (MSB) TC1 TC0 RUP2 RUP1 RUP0 RDN2 RDN1 (LSB) RDN0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION TC1 IBCC.7 Transmit Code Length Definition Bit 1. See Table 13-1. TC0 IBCC.6 Transmit Code Length Definition Bit 0. See Table 13-1. RUP2 IBCC.5 Receive Up Code Length Definition Bit 2. See Table 13-2. RUP1 IBCC.4 Receive Up Code Length Definition Bit 1. See Table 13-2. RUP0 IBCC.3 Receive Up Code Length Definition Bit 0. See Table 13-2. RDN2 IBCC.2 Receive Down Code Length Definition Bit 2. See Table 13-2. RDN1 IBCC.1 Receive Down Code Length Definition Bit 1. See Table 13-2. RDN0 IBCC.0 Receive Down Code Length Definition Bit 0. See Table 13-2. 70 of 97 DS2152 Table 13-1. Transmit Code Length TC1 TC0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 LENGTH SELECTED (BITS) 5 6/3 7 8/4/2/1 Table 13-2. Receive Code Length RUP2/ RDN2 RUP1/ RDN1 RUP0/ RDN0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 LENGTH SELECTED (BITS) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TCD: TRANSMIT CODE DEFINITION REGISTER (Address = 13 Hex) (MSB) C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 (LSB) C0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION C7 TCD.7 Transmit Code Definition Bit 7. First bit of the repeating pattern. C6 TCD.6 Transmit Code Definition Bit 6. C5 TCD.5 Transmit Code Definition Bit 5. C4 TCD.4 Transmit Code Definition Bit 4. C3 TCD.3 Transmit Code Definition Bit 3. C2 TCD.2 Transmit Code Definition Bit 2. A Don’t Care if a 5-bit length is selected. C1 TCD.1 Transmit Code Definition Bit 1. A Don’t Care if a 5 or 6-bit length is selected. C0 TCD.0 Transmit Code Definition Bit 0. A Don’t Care if a 5, 6 or 7-bit length is selected. 71 of 97 DS2152 RUPCD: RECEIVE UP CODE DEFINITION REGISTER (Address = 14 Hex) (MSB) C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 (LSB) C0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION C7 RUPCD.7 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 7. First bit of the repeating pattern. C6 RUPCD.6 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 6. A Don’t Care if a 1-bit length is selected. C5 RUPCD.5 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 5. A Don’t Care if a 1 or 2-bit length is selected. C4 RUPCD.4 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 4. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 3-bit length is selected. C3 RUPCD.3 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 3. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 4-bit length is selected. C2 RUPCD.2 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 2. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 5-bit length is selected. C1 RUPCD.1 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 1. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 6-bit length is selected. C0 RUPCD.0 Receive Up Code Definition Bit 0. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 7-bit length is selected. 72 of 97 DS2152 RDNCD: RECEIVE DOWN CODE DEFINITION REGISTER (Address = 15 Hex) (MSB) C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 (LSB) C0 SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION C7 RDNCD.7 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 7. First bit of the repeating pattern. C6 RDNCD.6 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 6. A Don’t Care if a 1-bit length is selected. C5 RDNCD.5 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 5. A Don’t Care if a 1 or 2-bit length is selected. C4 RDNCD.4 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 4. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 3-bit length is selected. C3 RDNCD.3 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 3. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 4-bit length is selected. C2 RDNCD.2 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 2. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 5-bit length is selected. C1 RDNCD.1 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 1. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 6-bit length is selected. C0 RDNCD.0 Receive Down Code Definition Bit 0. A Don’t Care if a 1 to 7-bit length is selected. 73 of 97 DS2152 14 TRANSMIT TRANSPARENCY Each of the 24 T1 channels in the transmit direction of the DS2152 can be either forced to be transparent or, in other words, can be forced to stop Bit 7 Stuffing and/or Robbed Signaling from overwriting the data in the channels. Transparency can be invoked on a channel-by-channel basis by properly setting the TTR1, TTR2, and TTR3 registers. TTR1/TTR2/TTR3: TRANSMIT TRANSPARENCY REGISTER (Address = 39 to 3B Hex) (MSB) CH8 CH16 CH24 CH7 CH15 CH23 CH6 CH14 CH22 CH5 CH13 CH21 CH4 CH12 CH20 CH3 CH11 CH19 CH2 CH10 CH18 SYMBOL POSITION CH24 TTR3.7 Transmit Transparency Registers. 0 = this DS0 channel is not transparent CH1 TTR1.0 1 = this DS0 channel is transparent (LSB) CH1 CH9 CH17 TTR1 (39) TTR2 (3A) TTR3 (3B) NAME AND DESCRIPTION Each of the bit positions in the Transmit Transparency Registers (TTR1/TTR2/TTR3) represents a DS0 channel in the outgoing frame. When these bits are set to a 1, the corresponding channel is transparent (or clear). If a DS0 is programmed to be clear, no robbed-bit signaling will be inserted nor will the channel have Bit 7 stuffing performed. However, in the D4 framing mode, bit 2 will be overwritten by a 0 when a Yellow Alarm is transmitted. Also, the user has the option to prevent the TTR registers from determining which channels are to have Bit 7 stuffing performed. If the TCR2.0 and TCR1.3 bits are set to 1, then all 24 T1 channels will have Bit 7 stuffing performed on them regardless of how the TTR registers are programmed. In this manner, the TTR registers are only affecting which channels are to have robbed-bit signaling inserted into them. See Figure 16-11 for more details. 74 of 97 DS2152 15 LINE INTERFACE FUNCTION The line interface function in the DS2152 contains three sections: the receiver, which handles clock and data recovery; the transmitter, which waveshapes and drives the T1 line; and the jitter attenuator. Each of these three sections is controlled by the Line Interface Control Register (LICR), which is described below. LICR: LINE INTERFACE CONTROL REGISTER (Address = 7C Hex) (MSB) L2 L1 L0 EGL JAS JABDS DJA (LSB) TPD LICR SYMBOL POSITION NAME AND DESCRIPTION L2 LICR.7 Line Build-Out Select Bit 2. Sets the transmitter build out; see the Table 15-2. L1 LICR.6 Line Build-Out Select Bit 1. Sets the transmitter build out; see the Table 15-2. L0 LICR.5 Line Build-Out Select Bit 0. Sets the transmitter build out; see the Table 15-2. EGL LICR.4 Receive Equalizer Gain Limit. 0 = -36dB 1 = -30dB JAS LICR.3 Jitter Attenuator Select. 0 = place the jitter attenuator on the receive side 1 = place the jitter attenuator on the transmit side JABDS LICR.2 Jitter Attenuator Buffer Depth Select 0 = 128 bits 1 = 32 bits (use for delay sensitive applications) DJA LICR.1 Disable Jitter Attenuator. 0 = jitter attenuator enabled 1 = jitter attenuator disabled TPD LICR.0 Transmit Power Down. 0 = normal transmitter operation 1 = powers down the transmitter and tri-states the TTIP and TRING pins 75 of 97 DS2152 15.1 Receive Clock and Data Recovery The DS2152 contains a digital clock recovery system. See Figure 1-1 and Figure 15-1 for more details. The DS2152 couples to the receive T1 twisted pair via a 1:1 transformer. See Table 15-2 for transformer details. The 1.544MHz clock attached at the MCLK pin is internally multiplied by 16 via an internal PLL and fed to the clock recovery system. The clock recovery system uses the clock from the PLL circuit to form a 16 times oversampler which is used to recover the clock and data. This oversampling technique offers outstanding jitter tolerance (see Figure 15-2). Normally, the clock that is output at the RCLKO pin is the recovered clock from the T1 AMI/B8ZS waveform presented at the RTIP and RRING inputs. When no AMI signal is present at RTIP and RRING, a Receive Carrier Loss (LRCL) condition will occur and the RCLKO will be sourced from the clock applied at the MCLK pin. If the jitter attenuator is either placed in the transmit path or is disabled, the RCLKO output can exhibit slightly shorter high cycles of the clock. This is due to the highly oversampled digital clock recovery circuitry. If the jitter attenuator is placed in the receive path (as is the case in most applications), the jitter attenuator restores the RCLK to being close to 50% duty cycle. See the Receive AC Timing Characteristics in Section 18 for more details. 15.2 Transmit Waveshaping and Line Driving The DS2152 uses a set of laser-trimmed delay lines along with a precision Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) to create the waveforms that are transmitted onto the T1 line. The waveforms created by the DS2152 meet the latest ANSI, AT&T, and ITU specifications. See Figure 15-3. The user will select which waveform is to be generated by properly programming the L2/L1/L0 bits in the Line Interface Control Register (LICR). The DS2152 can set up in a number of various configurations depending on the application. See Table 15-1 and Figure 15-1. Table 15-1. Line Build-Out Select in LICR L2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 L1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 L0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 LINE BUILD-OUT 0 to 133ft/0dB 133ft to 266ft 266ft to 399ft 399ft to 533ft 533ft to 655ft -7.5dB -15dB -22.5dB APPLICATION DSX-1/CSU DSX-1 DSX-1 DSX-1 DSX-1 CSU CSU CSU Due to the nature of the design of the transmitter in the DS2152, very little jitter (less than 0.005UIP-P broadband from 10Hz to 100kHz) is added to the jitter present on TCLKI. Also, the waveforms that they create are independent of the duty cycle of TCLK. The transmitter in the DS2152 couples to the T1 transmit twisted pair via a 1:1.15 or 1:1.36 step-up transformer as shown in Figure 15-1. For the devices to create the proper waveforms, this transformer used must meet the specifications listed in Table 15-2. 76 of 97 DS2152 Table 15-2. Transformer Specifications SPECIFICATION Turns Ratio Primary Inductance Leakage Inductance Intertwining Capacitance DC Resistance RECOMMENDED VALUE 1:1 (receive) and 1:1.15 or 1:1.36 (transmit) ±5% 600µH minimum 1.0µH maximum 40pF maximum 1.2Ω maximum 15.3 Jitter Attenuator The DS2152 contains an on-board jitter attenuator that can be set to a depth of either 32 or 128 bits via the JABDS bit in the Line Interface Control Register (LICR). The 128-bit mode is used in applications where large excursions of wander are expected. The 32-bit mode is used in delay sensitive applications. The characteristics of the attenuation are shown in Figure 15-4. The jitter attenuator can be placed in either the receive path or the transmit path by appropriately setting or clearing the JAS bit in the LICR. Also, the jitter attenuator can be disabled (in effect, removed) by setting the DJA bit in the LICR. In order for the jitter attenuator to operate properly, a 1.544MHz clock (±50ppm) must be applied at the MCLK pin or a crystal with similar characteristics must be applied across the MCLK and XTALD pins. If a crystal is applied across the MCLK and XTALD pins, then capacitors should be placed from each leg of the crystal to the local ground plane as shown in Figure 15-1. On-board circuitry adjusts either the recovered clock from the clock/data recovery block or the clock applied at the TCLKI pin to create a smooth jitter-free clock that is used to clock data out of the jitter attenuator FIFO. It is acceptable to provide a gapped/bursty clock at the TCLKI pin if the jitter attenuator is placed on the transmit side. If the incoming jitter exceeds either 120UIP-P (buffer depth is 128 bits) or 28UIP-P (buffer depth is 32 bits), then the DS2152 will divide the internal nominal 24.704MHz clock by either 15 or 17 instead of the normal 16 to keep the buffer from overflowing. When the device divides by either 15 or 17, it also sets the Jitter Attenuator Limit Trip (JALT) bit in the Receive Information Register (RIR3.5). 77 of 97 DS2152 Figure 15-1. External Analog Connections NOTE 1: RESISTOR VALUES ARE ±1%. NOTE 2: THE RT RESISTORS ARE USED TO PROTECT THE DEVICE FROM OVERVOLTAGE. NOTE 3: SEE THE SEPARATE APPLICATION NOTE FOR DETAILS ON HOW TO CONSTRUCT A PROTECTED INTERFACE. NOTE 4: EITHER A CRYSTAL CAN BE APPLIED ACROSS THE MCLK AND XTALD PINS OR A TTL LEVEL CLOCK CAN BE APPLIED TO JUST MCLK. NOTE 5: C1 AND C2 SHOULD BE 5PF LOWER THAN 2 TIMES THE NOMINAL LOADING CAPACITANCE OF THE CRYSTAL TO ADJUST FOR THE INPUT CAPACITANCE OF THE DS2152. Figure 15-2. Jitter Tolerance 78 of 97 DS2152 Figure 15-3. Transmit Waveform Template Figure 15-4. Jitter Attenuation 79 of 97 DS2152 16 TIMING DIAGRAMS Figure 16-1. Receive Side D4 Timing NOTE 1: RSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS NOT ENABLED (RCR2.5 = 0). NOTE 2: RSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS ENABLED (RCR2.5 = 1). NOTE 3: RSYNC IN THE MULTIFRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 1). NOTE 4: RLINK DATA (FS BITS) IS UPDATED 1 BIT PRIOR TO EVEN FRAMES AND HELD FOR TWO FRAMES. NOTE 5: RLINK AND RLCLK ARE NOT SYNCHRONOUS WITH RSYNC WHEN THE RECEIVE SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS ENABLED. Figure 16-2. Receive Side Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Disabled) NOTE 1: RSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS NOT ENABLED (RCR2.5 = 0). NOTE 2: RSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS ENABLED (RCR2.5 = 1). NOTE 3: RSYNC IN THE MULTIFRAME MODE (RCR2.4 = 1). NOTE 4: ZBTSI MODE DISABLED (RCR2.6 = 0). NOTE 5: RLINK DATA (FDL BITS) IS UPDATED 1 BIT-TIME BEFORE ODD FRAMES AND HELD FOR TWO FRAMES. NOTE 6: ZBTSI MODE IS ENABLED (RCR2.6 = 1). NOTE 7: RLINK DATA (Z BITS) IS UPDATED 1 BIT-TIME BEFORE ODD FRAMES AND HELD FOR FOUR FRAMES. NOTE 8: RLINK AND RLCLK ARE NOT SYNCHRONOUS WITH RSYNC WHEN THE RECEIVE SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS ENABLED. 80 of 97 DS2152 Figure 16-3. Receive Side Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Disabled) NOTE 1: RCHBLK IS PROGRAMMED TO BLOCK CHANNEL 24. NOTE 2: SHOWN IS RLINK/RLCLK IN THE ESF FRAMING MODE. Figure 16-4. Receive Side 1.544MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) NOTE 1: RSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 0). NOTE 2: RSYNC IS IN THE INPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 1). NOTE 3: RCHBLK IS PROGRAMMED TO BLOCK CHANNEL 24. 81 of 97 DS2152 Figure 16-5. Receive Side 2.048MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) NOTE 1: RSER DATA IN CHANNELS 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, AND 29 ARE FORCED TO 1. NOTE 2: RSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 0). NOTE 3: RSYNC IS IN THE INPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 1). NOTE 4: RCHBLK IS FORCED TO 1 IN THE SAME CHANNELS AS RSER (SEE NOTE 1). NOTE 5: THE F-BIT POSITION IS PASSED THROUGH THE RECEIVE SIDE ELASTIC STORE. NOTE 6: RCHCLK DOES NOT TRANSITION HIGH IN THE CHANNELS IN WHICH THE RSER DATA IS FORCED TO 1 (SEE NOTE 1). Figure 16-6. Transmit Side D4 Timing NOTE 1: TSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (TCR2.3 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS NOT ENABLED (TCR2.4 = 0). NOTE 2: TSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (TCR2.3 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS ENABLED (TCR2.4 = 1). NOTE 3: TSYNC IN THE MULTIFRAME MODE (TCR2.3 = 1). NOTE 4: TLINK DATA (FS BITS) IS SAMPLED DURING THE F-BIT POSITION OF EVEN FRAMES FOR INSERTION INTO THE OUTGOING T1 STREAM WHEN ENABLED VIA TCR1.2. NOTE 5: TLINK AND TLCLK ARE NOT SYNCHRONOUS WITH TSSYNC. 82 of 97 DS2152 Figure 16-7. Transmit Side Timing NOTE 1: TSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (TCR2.3 = 0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS NOT ENABLED (TCR2.4 = 0). NOTE 2: TSYNC IN THE FRAME MODE (TCR2.3=0) AND DOUBLE-WIDE FRAME SYNC IS ENABLED (TCR2.4 = 1). NOTE 3: TSYNC IN THE MULTIFRAME MODE (TCR2.3 = 1). NOTE 4: ZBTSI MODE DISABLED (TCR2.5 = 0). NOTE 5: TLINK DATA (FDL BITS) IS SAMPLED DURING THE F-BIT TIME OF ODD FRAME AND INSERTED INTO THE OUTGOING T1 STREAM IF ENABLED VIA TCR1.2. NOTE 6: ZBTSI MODE IS ENABLED (TCR2.5 = 1). NOTE 7: TLINK DATA (Z BITS) IS SAMPLED DURING THE F-BIT TIME OF FRAMES 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, AND 21 AND INSERTED INTO THE OUTGOING STREAM IF ENABLED VIA TCR1.2. NOTE 8: TLINK AND TLCLK ARE NOT SYNCHRONOUS WITH TSSYNC. Figure 16-8. Transmit Side Boundary Timing NOTE 1: TSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (TCR2.2 = 1). NOTE 2: TSYNC IS IN THE INPUT MODE (TCR2.2 = 0). NOTE 3: TCHBLK IS PROGRAMMED TO BLOCK CHANNEL 2. NOTE 4: SHOWN IS TLINK/TLCLK IN THE ESF FRAMING MODE. 83 of 97 DS2152 Figure 16-9. Transmit Side 1.544MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) NOTE 1: TCHBLK IS PROGRAMMED TO BLOCK CHANNEL 24 (IF THE TPCSI BIT IS SET, THEN THE SIGNALING DATA AT TSIG WILL BE IGNORED DURING CHANNEL 24). Figure 16-10. Transmit Side 2.048MHz Boundary Timing (with Elastic Store Enabled) NOTE 1: TSER DATA IN CHANNELS 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, AND 29 IS IGNORED. NOTE 2: TCHBLK IS PROGRAMMED TO BLOCK CHANNEL 31 (IF THE TPCSI BIT IS SET, THEN THE SIGNALING DATA AT TSIG IS IGNORED). NOTE 3: TCHBLK IS FORCED TO 1 IN THE SAME CHANNELS WHERE TSER IS IGNORED (SEE NOTE 1). NOTE 4: THE F-BIT POSITION FOR THE T1 FRAME IS SAMPLED AND PASSED THROUGH THE TRANSMIT SIDE ELASTIC STORE (NORMALLY THE TRANSMIT SIDE FORMATTER OVERWRITES THE F-BIT POSITION UNLESS THE FORMATTER IS PROGRAMMED TO PASS-THROUGH THE F-BIT POSITION). NOTE 5: TCHCLK DOES NOT TRANSITION HIGH IN THE CHANNEL IN WHICH THE DATA AT TSER IS IGNORED (SEE NOTE 1). 84 of 97 DS2152 Figure 16-11. Transmit Data Flow NOTE 1: TCLK SHOULD BE TIED TO RCLK AND TSYNC SHOULD BE TIED TO RFSYNC FOR DATA TO BE PROPERLY SOURCED FROM RSER. 85 of 97 DS2152 17 DC CHARACTERISTICS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage Range on Any Pin Relative to Ground……………………………………………..-1.0V to +7.0V Operating Temperature Range Commercial……………………………………………………………………………0°C to +70°C Industrial…………………………………………………………………………….-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature……………………………………………………………………….-55°C to +125°C Soldering Temperature……………………………………………See IPC/JEDEC STD-020 Specification This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. Table 17-1. Recommended DC Operating Conditions (TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX Logic 1 VIH 2.0 VDD + 0.3 Logic 0 VIL -0.3 +0.8 Supply VDD 4.75 5.25 UNITS V V V NOTES UNITS pF pF NOTES 1 Table 17-2. Capacitance (TA = +25°C) PARAMETER Input Capacitance Output Capacitance SYMBOL CIN COUT MIN TYP 5 7 MAX Table 17-3. DC Characteristics (VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Supply Current at 5V IDD 75 mA 2 Input Leakage IIL -1.0 +1.0 3 µA Output Leakage ILO 1.0 4 µA Output Current (2.4V) IOH -1.0 mA Output Current (0.4V) IOL +4.0 mA NOTES: 1. Applies to RVDD, TVDD, and DVDD. 2. TCLK = RCLK = TSYSCLK = RSYSCLK = 1.544MHz; outputs open circuited. 3. 0V < VIN < VDD. 4. Applied to INT when tri-stated. 86 of 97 DS2152 18 AC CHARACTERISTICS Table 18-1. AC Characteristics—Multiplexed Parallel Port (MUX = 1) (VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) (See Figure 18-1, Figure 18-2, and Figure 18-3.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Cycle Time tCYC 200 ns PWEL 100 ns Pulse Width, DS Low or RD High PWEH tR, tF tRWH 100 10 ns ns ns tRWS 50 ns tCS 20 ns Hold Time Read Data Hold Time Write Data Hold Time Muxed Address Valid to AS or ALE Fall Muxed Address Hold Time tCH tDHR tDHW tASL tAHL 0 10 0 15 10 ns ns ns ns ns Delay Time, DS, WR or RD to AS or ALE Rise Pulse Width AS or ALE High tASD 20 ns PWASH tASED 30 10 ns ns tDDR tDSW 20 50 Pulse Width, DS High or RD Low Input Rise/Fall Times R/ W Hold Time R/ W Setup Time Before DS High Setup Time Before DS, WR or RD active CS CS Delay Time, AS or ALE to DS, WR or RD Output Data Delay Time from DS or RD Data Setup Time 20 Figure 18-1. Intel Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 1) 87 of 97 50 80 ns ns DS2152 Figure 18-2. Intel Bus Write AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 1) Figure 18-3. Motorola Bus AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 1) 88 of 97 DS2152 Table 18-2. AC Characteristics—Receive Side (VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) (See Figure 18-4, Figure 18-5, and Figure 18-6.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES RCLKO Period tLP 648 ns tLH 250 324 ns 1 RCLKO Pulse Width tLL 250 324 ns 1 tLH 200 324 ns 2 RCLKO Pulse Width tCL 200 324 ns 2 RCLKI Period tCP 648 ns tCH 75 ns RCLKI Pulse Width tCL 75 ns tSP 122 648 ns 3 RSYSCLK Period tSP 122 488 ns 4 tSH 50 ns RSYSCLK Pulse Width tSL 50 ns RSYNC Setup to RSYSCLK Falling tSU 20 tSH-5 ns RSYNC Pulse Width tPW 50 ns RPOSI/RNEGI Setup to RCLKI Falling tSU 20 ns RPOSI/RNEGI Hold From RCLKI Falling tHD 20 ns RSYSCLK/RCLKI Rise and Fall Times tR, tF 25 ns Delay RCLKO to RPOSO, RNEGO Valid tDD 50 ns Delay RCLK to RSER, RDATA, RSIG, tD1 50 ns RLINK Valid Delay RCLK to RCHCLK, RSYNC, tD2 50 ns RCHBLK, RFSYNC, RLCLK Delay RSYSCLK to RSER, RSIG Valid tD3 50 ns Delay RSYSCLK to RCHCLK, RCHBLK, tD4 50 ns RMSYNC, RSYNC NOTES: 1) Jitter attenuator enabled in the receive path. 2) Jitter attenuator disabled or enabled in the transmit path. 3) RSYSCLK = 1.544MHz. 4) RSYSCLK = 2.048MHz. 89 of 97 DS2152 Figure 18-4. Receive Side AC Timing NOTE 1: RSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 0). NOTE 2: SHOWN IS RLINK/RLCLK IN THE ESF FRAMING MODE. NOTE 3: NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RCHCLK AND RCHBLK AND THE OTHER SIGNALS IS IMPLIED. 90 of 97 DS2152 Figure 18-5. Receive System Side AC Timing NOTE 1: RSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 0). NOTE 2: RSYNC IS IN THE INPUT MODE (RCR2.3 = 1). Figure 18-6. Receive Line Interface AC Timing 91 of 97 DS2152 Table 18-3. AC Characteristics—Transmit Side (VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) (See Figure 18-7, Figure 18-8, and Figure 18-9.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES TCLK Period tCP 648 ns tCH 75 ns TCLK Pulse Width tCL 75 ns TCLKI Period tLP 648 ns tLH 75 ns TCLKI Pulse Width tLL 75 ns tSP 122 648 ns 1 TSYSCLK Period tSP 122 448 ns 2 tSH 50 ns TSYSCLK Pulse Width tSL 50 ns tCH-5 TSYNC or TSSYNC Setup to TCLK or or tSU 20 ns TSYSCLK Falling tSH-5 TSYNC or TSSYNC Pulse Width tPW 50 ns TSER, TSIG, TDATA, TLINK, TPOSI, TNEGI Setup to TCLK, TSYSCLK, tSU 20 ns TCLKI Falling TSER, TSIG, TDATA, TLINK, TPOSI, TNEGI Hold from TCLK, TSYSCLK, tHD 20 ns TCLKI Falling TCLK, TCLKI, or TSYSCLK Rise and t R, t F 25 ns Fall Times Delay TCLKO to TPOSO, TNEGO Valid tDD 50 ns Delay TCLK to TESO Valid tD1 50 ns Delay TCLK to TCHBLK, TCHBLK, tD2 50 ns TSYNC, TLCLK Delay TSYSCLK to TCHCLK, TCHBLK tD3 75 ns NOTES: 1) TSYSCLK = 1.544MHz. 2) TSYSCLK = 2.048MHz. 92 of 97 DS2152 Figure 18-7. Transmit Side AC Timing NOTE 1: TSYNC IS IN THE OUTPUT MODE (TCR2.2 = 1). NOTE 2: TSYNC IS IN THE INPUT MODE (TCR2.2 = 0). NOTE 3: TSER IS SAMPLED ON THE FALLING EDGE OF TCLK WHEN THE TRANSMIT SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS DISABLED. NOTE 4: TCHCLK AND TCHBLK ARE SYNCHRONOUS WITH TCLK WHEN THE TRANSMIT SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS DISABLED. NOTE 5: TLINK IS ONLY SAMPLED DURING F-BIT LOCATIONS. NOTE 6: NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TCHCLK AND TCHBLK AND THE OTHER SIGNALS IS IMPLIED. 93 of 97 DS2152 Figure 18-8. Transmit System Side AC Timing NOTE 1: TSER IS ONLY SAMPLED ON THE FALLING EDGE OF TSYSCLK WHEN THE TRANSMIT SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS ENABLED. NOTE 2: TCHCLK AND TCHBLK ARE SYNCHRONOUS WITH TSYSCLK WHEN THE TRANSMIT SIDE ELASTIC STORE IS ENABLED. Figure 18-9. Transmit Line Interface Side AC Timing 94 of 97 DS2152 Table 18-4. AC Characteristics—Nonmultiplexed Parallel Port (MUX = 0) (VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C for DS2152L, TA = -40°C to +85°C for DS2152LN.) (See Figure 18-10, Figure 18-11, Figure 18-12, and Figure 18-13.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Setup Time for A0 to A7 Valid to CS t1 0 ns Active Setup Time for CS Active to Either RD , t2 0 ns WR , or DS Active Delay Time from Either RD or DS t3 75 ns Active to Data Valid Hold Time from Either RD , WR , or DS t4 0 ns Inactive to CS Inactive Hold Time from CS Inactive to Data t5 5 20 ns Bus Tri-State Wait Time from Either WR or DS t6 75 ns Active to Latch Data Data Setup Time to Either WR or DS t7 10 ns Inactive Data Hold Time to Either WR or DS t8 0 ns Inactive Address Hold from Either WR or DS t9 10 ns Inactive Figure 18-10. Intel Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 0/MUX = 0) 95 of 97 DS2152 Figure 18-11. Intel Bus Write AC Timing (BTS=0/MUX=0) Figure 18-12. Motorola Bus Read AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 0) Figure 18-13. Motorola Bus Write AC Timing (BTS = 1/MUX = 0) 96 of 97 DS2152 19 PACKAGE INFORMATION (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. The package number provided for each package is a link to the latest package outline information.) 19.1 100-Pin LQFP (56-G5002-000) 97 of 97 Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2006 Maxim Integrated Products • Printed USA The Maxim logo is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. The Dallas logo is a registered trademark of Dallas Semiconductor.