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MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
General Description
Benefits and Features
The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 are single-supply,
high-accuracy current-sense amplifiers with a high
input common-mode range that extends from -20V
to +75V. These amplifiers are well suited for current
monitoring of inductive loads such as motors and
solenoids, where common-mode voltages can become
negative due to inductive kickback, reverse-battery
conditions, or transient events.
●● Reduce Protective Clamping for High Inductive
Kickback Voltage
• -20V to +75V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range
●● Supports Wide Range of Precision AC and DC
Current Sensing Applications
• Uni- or Bidirectional Current Sensing
• 0.6% (max) Gain Accuracy Error
• 400µV (max) Input Offset Voltage
• 120kHz, -3dB Bandwidth (MAX9919N)
• Reference Input for Bidirectional OUT
• Rail-to-Rail Output
●● Saves Board Space
• 8-Pin SOIC Package
• Single-Supply Operation (4.5V to 5.5V)
●● AEC-Q100 Qualified (MAX9918ASA/V+,
MAX9919FASA/V+, MAX9919NASA/V+,
MAX9920ASA/V+ Only)
The MAX9918/MAX9920 feature adjustable gain set
by an external resistive-divider network. The MAX9919
features fixed gains of 45V/V (MAX9919F) and 90V/V
(MAX9919N). The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
operate as unidirectional amplifiers when VREFIN = GND
and as bidirectional amplifiers when VREFIN = VCC/2.
The MAX9920 attenuates the input signal by a factor of
4 at the input level-shifting stage allowing the device to
sense voltages up to 200mV (unidirectional operation) or
±100mV (bidirectional operation).
Ordering Information/Selector Guide
The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 operate with a
single 5V supply voltage, are fully specified over the
-40°C to +125°C automotive temperature range, and are
available in an 8-pin SOIC package.
Applications
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
●●
H-Bridge Motor Current Sensing
Solenoid Current Sensing
Current Monitoring of Inductive Loads
High- and Low-Side Precision Current Sensing
Super-Capacitor Charge/Discharge Monitoring
Precision High-Voltage Current Monitoring
Automotive
MAX9918
MAX9920
ø2B
M
19-5015; Rev 10; 7/19
±50
Adjustable
8 SO-EP*
MAX9918ASA/V+
±50
Adjustable
8 SO-EP*
MAX9919FASA+
±50
45
8 SO-EP*
MAX9919FASA/V+
±50
45
8 SO-EP*
MAX9919NASA+
±50
90
8 SO-EP*
MAX9919NASA/V+
±50
90
8 SO-EP*
MAX9920ASA+
±200
Adjustable
8 SO-EP*
MAX9920ASA/V+
±200
Adjustable
8 SO-EP*
VCC
A
OUT
ADC
R2
FB
RS+
RS-
ø2B
PINPACKAGE
MAX9918ASA+
VCC
VBATT
RSENSE
GAIN
(V/V)
Note: All devices operate over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
*EP = Exposed pad.
Typical Operating Circuit
ø1A
VSENSE
(mV)
PART
ø1B
INPUT STAGE
LEVEL SHIFTER
R1
REFIN
REF
ADJUSTABLE GAIN
SHDN
GND
µC
GND
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Absolute Maximum Ratings
VCC to GND.............................................................-0.3V to +6V
RS+, RS- to GND (VCC = 5V).................................-30V to +80V
RS+, RS- to GND (VCC = 0V)............-15V to +80V (15 minutes)
Differential Input Voltage (VRS+ - VRS-)
(MAX9918/MAX9919)................................. ±15V (Continuous)
Differential Input Voltage
(VRS+ - VRS-) (MAX9920)............................ ±5V (Continuous)
REFIN, FB, OUT to GND.......................... -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
SHDN to GND........................................................-0.3V to +20V
**As per JEDEC51 Standard (multilayer board).
Output Short Circuit to VCC or GND..........................Continuous
Continuous Current into Any Pin
(Not to exceed package power dissipation)..................±20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
8-Pin SO-EP (derate 24.4mW/°C above +70°C)... 1951.2mW**
Junction Temperature.......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range............................. -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................. +300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow)........................................ +260°C
Package Thermal Characteristics (Note 1)
SO-EP
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA)...........41°C/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC)..................7°C/W
Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Package Information
8 SO-EP
PACKAGE CODE
S8E+14
Outline Number
21-0111
Land Pattern Number
90-0151
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board:
Junction to Ambient (θJA)
52°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC)
6°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Four-Layer Board:
Junction to Ambient (θJA)
41°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC)
7°C/W
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board.
For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │ 2
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918,
AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MAX9918
Input Offset Voltage (Note 2)
VOS
MAX9919_
MAX9920
www.maximintegrated.com
MIN
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
TA = +25°C
VRS+ = VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
TA = +25°C
VRS+= VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
TA = +25°C
VRS+ = VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
TA = +25°C
TYP
MAX
±0.14
±0.4
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.7
±0.08
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.18
VRS+ = VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
TA = +25°C
±0.11
±0.4
mV
±1.0
±0.48
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.4
±0.9
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
TA = +25°C
±0.4
±1.3
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
UNITS
±1.2
±3.0
±0.10
±0.9
±3.5
Maxim Integrated │ 3
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918,
AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERS
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MAX9918
Input Offset Voltage Drift
(Note 3)
VOSD
MAX9919_
MAX9920
Common-Mode Range
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
(Note 3)
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Current
VCM
CMRR
MAX9920
IRS+, IRS-
-20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V
TYP
VRS+ = VRS- = +14V
±1.2
VRS+ = VRS- = -2V
±3.3
VRS+ = VRS- = +14V
±1.8
VRS+ = VRS- = -2V
±1.8
VRS+ = VRS- = +14V
±2.4
VRS+ = VRS- = -2V
Inferred from CMRR tests
MAX9918,
MAX9919
MIN
-2V ≤ VCM ≤ +14V
MAX
µV/°C
±8.8
-20
+75
V
80
-20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V
96
-2V ≤ VCM ≤ +14V
72
-20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V
86
dB
TA = +25°C
±175
TA = -40°C to +125°C
±250
(IRS+ - IRS-)
UNITS
0
µA
±8
µA
Input Leakage Current in
Shutdown
-20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V, VSHDN = VCC = 5V
±30
µA
Input Leakage Current
VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, +75V, VCC = 0V
±30
µA
MAX9918,
MAX9919_
Input Resistance
MAX9920
Full-Scale Sense Voltage
(Note 4)
Gain (Notes 2, 4)
Minimum Adjustable Gain
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VSENSE
G
GADJ
Inferred from gain
error test
Common mode
300
kΩ
Differential
715
Ω
Common mode
330
kΩ
Differential
224
Ω
MAX9918, MAX9919_
50
MAX9920
200
MAX9918, MAX9920
Adj
MAX9919F
45
MAX9919N
90
MAX9918
30
MAX9920
7.5
mV
V/V
V/V
Maxim Integrated │ 4
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918,
AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V
MAX9918
VRS+= VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
MAX9919F
Gain Error
(Note 2)
GE
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
VRS+= VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
MAX9919N
VRS+ = VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
VRS+ = VRS- =
+14V, VREFIN
= 0V
MAX9920
VRS+ = VRS- =
-2V, VREFIN
= 0V
MIN
TA = +25°C,
VREFIN = 0V
±0.6
±0.02
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.13
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.10
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.16
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.11
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±0.6
±0.6
±1.0
TA = +25°C
±0.29
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
±1.0
±1.7
TA = +25°C
±0.24
TA = -40°C to
+125°C
ISC
±1.0
±1.7
3
10
12
40
3
10
10
40
OUT shorted to VCC
44
OUT shorted to GND
41
ROUT
MAX9918,
MAX9919_
0
VCC/2
MAX9920
0
VCC/2
mV
mV
mA
0.1
Inferred from REFIN
CMRR test
%
±1.2
TA = +25°C
Short-Circuit Current
±0.45
±0.9
TA = +25°C
VOL
±0.45
±1.2
TA = +25°C
Output-Voltage Low (Note 4)
±0.6
±1.0
TA = +25°C
VSENSE = -200mV for R = 100kΩ to V
L
CC
MAX9918, MAX9919_,
VSENSE = -400mV for
RL = 10kΩ to VCC
MAX9920
www.maximintegrated.com
±0.08
UNITS
±1.2
TA = +25°C
Output-Voltage High (Note 4)
REFIN Voltage Range
MAX
TA = -40°C to
+125°C,
VREFIN = 0V
VSENSE = 200mV for
RL = 100kΩ to GND
MAX9918, MAX9919_,
VCC - VOH
VSENSE = 400mV for
RL = 10kΩ to GND
MAX9920
Output Resistance
TYP
Ω
VCC 1.9
VCC 2.4
V
Maxim Integrated │ 5
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918,
AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERS
SYMBOL
REFIN Common-Mode Rejection
REFINCMRR
Ratio
REFIN Current
IREFIN
SHDN Logic-High
VIH
SHDN Logic-Low
VIL
SHDN Logic Input Current
Supply Voltage Range
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 3)
CONDITIONS
Small Signal -3dB Bandwidth
Slew Rate
82
MAX9920
0V ≤ VREFIN ≤ (VCC
- 2.4V)
75
PSRR
MAX9920, VRS+ = VRS- = ±200mV
±100
2.0
4.5
MAX9918, MAX9919_ 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
74
103
MAX9920
68
100
ICC
ICC_SHDN
BW
SR
TA = +25°C
0.7
TA = -40°C to +125°C
TA = +25°C
1.0
MAX9918, VSENSE = 50mV
75
250
MAX9919N, VSENSE = 50mV
120
MAX9920, VSENSE = 200mV
230
MAX9918
0.6
MAX9919F
0.9
MAX9919N
3.0
MAX9920
1.5
MAX9919N
V
5
µA
5.5
V
dB
1.2
1.6
mA
2.2
0.5
MAX9919F, VSENSE = 50mV
MAX9919F
0.8
1.5
TA = -40°C to +125°C
VSHDN = VCC = 5V
µA
V
Inferred from PSRR test
MAX9920
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90
±100
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V
UNITS
dB
0 ≤ VSHDN ≤ VCC
VCC
MAX
MAX9918, MAX9919_, VRS+ = VRS- = ±50mV
MAX9918
1% Settling Time from VSENSE
Step
103
0V ≤ VREFIN ≤ (VCC
- 1.9V)
VRS+ = VRS- = -2V
Shutdown Supply Current
TYP
MAX9918, MAX9919_
VRS+ = VRS- = +14V
Supply Current
MIN
VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step
12
VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step
7
VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step
3.5
VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step
2.5
VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step
3.5
VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step
3
VSENSE = 20mV to 200mV step
5
VSENSE = 200mV to 20mV step
3
10
µA
kHz
V/µs
µs
Maxim Integrated │ 6
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918,
AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERS
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
VCM = +14V to -2V step
0.5
VCM = -2V to +14V step
2.5
VCM = +14V to -2V step
0.5
VCM = -2V to +14V step
3.5
VCM = +14V to -2V step
3.5
VCM = -2V to +14V step
MAX9920,
VSENSE = 200mV VCM = +14V to -2V step
0.25
MAX9918, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling
4.5
MAX9919F, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling
5
MAX9919N, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling
6
MAX9919F,
VSENSE = 50mV
MAX9919N,
VSENSE = 50mV
Power-Up Time
Input-Referred Noise Voltage
Density
No sustained oscillations (Note 5)
en
10kHz
MAX
UNITS
µs
2.5
MAX9920, VSENSE = 200mV, 1% settling
Max Capacitive Load Stability
TYP
2.5
MAX9918,
VSENSE = 50mV
1% Settling Time from VCM Step
MIN
VCM = -2V to +14V step
µs
5
50
pF
MAX9918, MAX9919_
60
MAX9920
174
nV/√Hz
Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: VOS is extrapolated from two point gain error tests. Measurements are made at VSENSE = 5mV and 50mV for MAX9918/
MAX9919N/MAX9919F, and VSENSE = 20mV and 200mV for MAX9920.
Note 3: Extrapolated VOS as described above in Note 2 is used to calculate VOS drift, CMRR, and PSRR.
Note 4: OUT should be 100mV away from either rail to achieve rated accuracy, or limited by a VSENSE of 50mV for the MAX9918/
MAX9919N/MAX9919F and 200mV for the MAX9920.
Note 5: Not production tested. Guaranteed by design.
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │ 7
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
0.15
0.10
0.15
0.10
0
80 160 240 320 400
-3
-2
VOS DRIFT
(VRS+ = -2V)
-1
0.40
0.35
400
0.15
-100
-300
-400
0
-500
6
8
10
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV/°C)
GAIN ERROR
(VRS+ = +14V, MAX9919F, AV = +45V/V)
MAX9918 toc07
0.8
0.5
MAX9918ASA
VCC = 5V
VREF = VGND
100
75
-100
MAX9918ASA
VCC = 5V
VREF = VGND
VCM = -2V
VCM (V)
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
VCC (V)
GAIN ERROR
(VRS+ = +14V, MAX9919N, AV = +90V/V)
GAIN ERROR
(VRS+ = -2V, MAX9919F, AV = +45V/V)
-20 -10 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
N (%)
N (%)
0
-75
0.4
0.3
0.2
25
-50
0.5
0.3
VCM = 14V
-25
TA = +125°C
0.7
0.4
80 160 240 320 400
VOS vs. VCC
125
50
0
0.05
-400 -320 -240 -160 -80 0
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
100
-200
0.10
4
0
4
VOS (µV)
0.20
2
3
MAX9918 toc08
VOS (µV)
0.25
0
2
TA = +25°C
200
-2
1
TA = -40°C
300
0.30
-10 -8 -6 -4
0
VOS vs. VCM
500
MAX9918 toc04
0.45
N (%)
-4
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV/°C)
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
N (%)
0.05
MAX9918 toc05
-400 -320 -240-160 -80 0
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.20
MAX9918 toc06
0.20
0.6
0.25
N (%)
0.25
0
0.30
0.20
0.30
N (%)
N (%)
0.35
MAX9918 toc03
0.25
MAX9918 toc09
0.40
VOS
(VRS+ = -2V)
0.35
MAX9918 toc02
0.45
VOS DRIFT
(VRS+ = +14V)
0.30
MAX9918 toc01
0.50
VOS
(VRS+ = +14V)
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
0.1 0.2 0.3
GAIN ERROR (%)
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0.4
0
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
0.1 0.2 0.3
GAIN ERROR (%)
0.4
0
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
0.1 0.2 0.3
GAIN ERROR (%)
0.4
Maxim Integrated │ 8
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
1.2
0
-0.4
0.2
-0.8
-1.2
0.1
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
0.1 0.2
GAIN ERROR (%)
0.3
0.4
GAIN ERROR vs. VCC
0.3
VCM = -2V
0
-0.1
0.15
-0.3
0
-0.05
-0.20
-0.5
-0.25
4.9
5.1
VCC (V)
5.3
5.5
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
0.06
0.04
TA = +25°C TA = -40°C
0.02
VCM = +14V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VCC/2
AV = 90V/V
BIDIRECTIONAL
0
-0.02
TA = +125°C
-0.04
0.04
0.02
-0.08
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-10
0
10
VSENSE (mV)
20
30
20
30
TA = +125°C
-0.04
-0.08
-20
-10
0
10
VSENSE (mV)
0
-0.02
-0.06
-30
-20
VCM = -2V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VGND
A = 90V/V
TA = +25°C TA = -40°C V
UNIDIRECTIONAL
0.06
-0.06
-0.10
TA = +25°C
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
0.08
LINEARITY (%)
0.08
-30
0.10
MAX9918 toc14
0.10
TA = +125°C
-0.15
VCM = 14V
4.7
VCM = -2V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VCC/2
AV = 90V/V
BIDIRECTIONAL
0.05
-0.4
4.5
TA = -40°C
0.10
-0.10
-0.2
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
MAX9918 toc15
0.1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
VCM (V)
0.20
LINEARITY (%)
0.2
-20 -10 0
0.25
MAX9918 toc12
0.4
GAIN ERROR (%)
-2.0
TA = -40°C
MAX9918ASA
VCC = 5V
VREF = VGND
-1.6
0.5
LINEARITY (%)
TA = +25°C
0.4
GE (%)
N (%)
0.4
0
TA = +125°C
0.8
0.3
MAX9918 toc11
1.6
MAX9918 toc13
0.5
GAIN ERROR vs. VCM
2.0
MAX9918 toc10
0.6
GAIN ERROR
(VRS+ = -2V, MAX9919N, AV = +90V/V)
-0.10
0
10
20
30 40 50
VSENSE (mV)
60
70
80
Maxim Integrated │ 9
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
TA = -40°C
TA = +25°C
0.05
MAX9918 toc17
0
TA = -40°C
TA = +125°C
-0.20
-0.25
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
VSENSE (mV)
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
0.02
0
-0.02
TA = +25°C
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
VSENSE (mV)
60 80 100
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
-0.5
-1.0
VOUT - VREFIN vs. VSENSE
-2V VCM: SOLID LINE
14V VCM: DASHED LINE
MAX9918, VREFIN = 0V
UNIDIRECTIONAL,
GAIN = 90V/V
-20 -10 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
VSENSE (mV)
VOUT - VREFIN vs. VSENSE
-40
-30
www.maximintegrated.com
-20
-10 0
10
VSENSE (mV)
20
30
40
VCM = +14V
300
VOH AND VOL (mV)
MAX9918, VREFIN = VCC/2
BIDIRECTIONAL,
GAIN = 90V/V
VOH/VOL vs. IOH
350
MAX9918 toc20
-2V VCM: SOLID LINE
14V VCM: DASHED LINE
MAX9918 toc21
TA = +125°C
VOUT - VREFIN (V)
TA = -40°C
VCM = +14V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VCC/2
AV = 30V/V
BIDIRECTIONAL
60 80 100
MAX9918 toc19
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
VSENSE (mV)
0.04
VOUT - VREFIN (V)
TA = +25°C
-0.15
TA = +125°C
0.06
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
0.10
-0.10
0.08
LINEARITY (%)
0.15
-0.05
0.10
-0.10
VCM = -2V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VCC/2
AV = 30V/V
BIDIRECTIONAL
0.20
LINEARITY (%)
VCM = +14V
VCC = 5V
VREFIN = VGND
AV = 90V/V
UNIDIRECTIONAL
LINEARITY vs. VSENSE
0.25
MAX9918 toc16
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
MAX9918 toc18
LINEARITY (%)
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
250
VCC - VOH
200
150
100
VOL
50
0
0
1
2
3
4 5 6
IOH (mA)
7
8
9
10
Maxim Integrated │ 10
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
0.3
0.2
INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT vs. VCM
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
TA = +125°C
-20
0
20
40
VCM (V)
60
GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
30
20
CMRR (dB)
GAIN (dB)
0
-20
-30
400
-60
0.001
0.01
30
FREQUENCY (MHz)
www.maximintegrated.com
10
10
0
200
-20
100
-30
-20
-5
10
25
VCM (V)
40
55
MAX9918
VCM = 14V
GAIN = 90V/V
0
-20
-40
-60
-100
0.001
10
0.01
0.1
1
FREQUENCY (MHz)
PSRR vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9918
VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 50mV
-40
-30
-50
MAX9918
VCM = 14V
GAIN = 90V/V
-40
0.001
70
CMRR vs. FREQUENCY
VCM = -2V
-60
-80
-100
-90
1
MAX9918 toc24
40
300
-80
0.1
GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
-10
-70
MAX9920
VCM = 14V
GAIN = 20V/V
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
VCM (V)
20
500
-10
-20 -10 0
50
-20
-10
-50
DIFFERENTIAL RIN vs. VCM
600
0
10
-40
-100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
VCM (V)
700
10
MAX9918 toc28
40
-20 -10 0
800
0
MAX9918
VCC = 5V
-80
900
80
0
-20
-60
1000
IN+ - IN- = 50mV
VCC = VSHDN = 0V
VREFIN = 0V
20
-40
PSRR (dB)
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
VCC (V)
DIFFERENTIAL RIN (Ω)
INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT (µA)
0
VSENSE = 0V
MAX9918 toc25
0.1
TA = +25°C TA = -40°C
GAIN (dB)
VCM = 14V
0.4
40
MAX9918 toc26
0.5
60
MAX9918 toc27
ICC (mA)
ICC (mA)
0.6
80
MAX9918 toc30
VCM = -2V
0.7
VSENSE = 0V (DASH)
VSENSE + 50mV (SOLID)
TA = +125°C
IBIAS vs. VCM
100
MAX9918 toc29
0.8
ICC vs.VCM
IBAIS (µA)
MAX9918 toc22
0.9
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
MAX9918 toc23
ICC vs. VCC
1.0
-120
VCM = 14V
0.01
0.1
1
FREQUENCY (MHz)
10
100
-140
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
10 100
FREQUENCY (kHz)
1k
10k
Maxim Integrated │ 11
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT
(GAIN = 45V/V)
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT
(GAIN = 90V/V)
MAX9918 toc31
5mV/div
MAX9918 toc32
5mV/div
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 10mV TO 15mV
50mV/div
100mV/div
10µs/div
10µs/div
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT
(GAIN = 45V/V)
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT
(GAIN = 90V/V)
MAX9918 toc33
50mV/div
500mV/div
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 10mV TO 15mV
MAX9918 toc34
50mV/div
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 0V TO 50mV
1V/div
10µs/div
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 0 TO 50mV
10µs/div
OUTPUT RESPONSE TO
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT
COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE
MAX9918 toc35
MAX9918 toc36
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
SSENSE = PS (50mV)
10V/div
1V/div
VCM
50V/div
0
OUTPUT AC-COUPLED
FULL SCALE
AT THE INPUT
10µs/div
www.maximintegrated.com
VOUT
100mV/div
4µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 12
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
POWER-UP TIME
SHUTDOWN ON/OFF DELAY
MAX9918 toc37
MAX9918 toc38
5V/div
5V/div
2V/div
1V/div
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = PS (50mV)
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = PS (50mV)
4µs/div
4µs/div
OUTPUT OVERDRIVE
RECOVERY (30V/V)
OUTPUT OVERDRIVE
RECOVERY (90V/V)
MAX9918 toc39
MAX9918 toc40
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 2 x PS
200mV/div
50mV/div
2V/div
2V/div
4µs/div
www.maximintegrated.com
MAX9918, VCM = 14V
VSENSE = 2 x PS
4µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 13
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
RS+ 1
RS-
2
SHDN
3
+
8 VCC
MAX9918
MAX9919
MAX9920
7 REFIN
6
EP*
GND 4
FB
5 OUT
8 SO-EP
*EXPOSED PAD. CONNECT EP TO SOLID GROUND FOR
PROPER THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE.
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1
RS+
Positive Current-Sensing Input. Power side connects to external sense resistor.
2
RS-
Negative Current-Sensing Input. Load side connects to external sense resistor.
3
SHDN
Active-High Shutdown Input. Connect to GND for normal operation.
4
GND
Ground
5
OUT
Current-Sense Output. VOUT is proportional to VSENSE.
6
FB
Feedback Input. Connect FB to a resistive-divider network to set the gain for the MAX9918 and
MAX9920. See the Adjustable Gain (MAX9918/MAX9920) section for more information. Leave FB
unconnected for the MAX9919 for proper operation.
7
REFIN
Reference Input. Set REFIN to VCC/2 for bidirectional operation. Set REFIN to GND for
unidirectional operation.
8
VCC
5V Supply Voltage Input. Bypass VCC to GND with 0.1µF capacitor.
—
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect to a large-area contiguous ground plane for improved power dissipation.
Do not use as the only ground connection for the part.
Detailed Description
The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 are single-supply,
high-accuracy uni-/bidirectional current-sense amplifiers with a high common-mode input range that extends
from -20V to +75V. The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920’s
input stage utilizes a pair of level shifters allowing a wide
common-mode operating range when measuring the voltage drop (VSENSE) across the current-sense resistor. The
first level shifter accommodates the upper common-mode
operating range from +2V to +75V. When the commonmode voltage falls below +2V, the second level shifter is
used to accommodate negative voltages down to -20V.
www.maximintegrated.com
The level shifters translate VSENSE to an internal reference voltage where it is then amplified with an instrumentation amplifier. The instrumentation amplifier configuration provides high precision with input offset voltages of
400µV (max). Indirect feedback of the instrumentation
amplifier allows the gain to be adjusted with an external
resistive-divider network on the MAX9918/MAX9920.
The MAX9919 is a fixed gain device available with lasertrimmed resistors for gains of 45V/V (MAX9919F) and
90V/V (MAX9919N).
The MAX9918/MAX9919 operate with a full-scale sense
voltage of 50mV. The input stage of the MAX9920 provides an attenuation factor of 4, enabling a full-scale
sense voltage of 200mV.
Maxim Integrated │ 14
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Uni-/Bidirectional Operation
The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 support both unidirectional and bidirectional operation. The devices operate
in unidirectional mode with VREFIN = VGND. The output
is then referenced to ground and the output voltage VOUT
is proportional to the positive voltage drop (VSENSE) from
RS+ to RS- (Figure 1).
The MAX9918/MAX9919 operate in bidirectional mode
by application of a low-source impedance reference voltage in the 0V to VCC - 1.9V range, (typically VCC/2), to
REFIN. For the MAX9920, the reference voltage range
is 0V to VCC - 2.4V (typically VCC/2). The output voltage VOUT relative to VREFIN is then proportional to the
±VSENSE voltage drop from RS+ to RS- (Figure 2).
VOUT
G = 90V/V
3.6V
IDISCHARGE
RSENSE
RS+
2.7V
RS-
LOAD
5V
DISCHARGE
CURRENT
1.8V
MAX9919N
VCC
OUT
SHDN
TO ADC
REFIN
0.9V
GND
0
10mV
20mV
30mV
VSENSE
40mV
Figure 1. Unidirectional Operation
VOUT - VREFIN
G = 90V/V
1.8V
IDISCHARGE
ICHARGE
RSENSE
RS+
DISCHARGE
CURRENT
0.9V
RS-
LOAD
MAX9919N
5V
VCC
OUT
SHDN
REFIN
GND
TO ADC
2.5V
-20mV
CHARGE
CURRENT
-10mV
0
10mV
20mV
VSENSE
-0.9V
-1.8V
Figure 2. Bidirectional Operation
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │ 15
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
Shutdown Mode
Drive SHDN high to enter low-power shutdown mode. In
shutdown mode, the MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 draw
0.5µA (typ) of quiescent current.
Adjustable Gain (MAX9918/MAX9920)
The MAX9918/MAX9920 feature externally adjustable
gain set by a resistive-divider network circuit using resistors R1 and R2 (see the Functional Diagram). The gain
frequency compensation is set for a minimum gain of
30V/V for the MAX9918 and 7.5V/V for the MAX9920.
The gain G for the MAX9918/MAX9920 is given by the
following equation:
R2
G= 1 +
(for MAX9918)
R1
and
R2
1 +
R1
G =
(for MAX9920)
4
Applications Information
Component Selection
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Sense Resistor, RSENSE
Choose RSENSE based on the following criteria:
Accuracy: A high RSENSE value allows lower currents
to be measured more accurately. This is because offsets become less significant when the sense voltage
is larger. In the linear region (100mV < VOUT < VCC
- 100mV), there are two components to accuracy: input
offset voltage (VOS) and gain error (GE). Use the linear
equation to calculate total error:
VOUT = (G ± GE) x (VSENSE ± VOS)
For best performance, select RSENSE to provide approximately 50mV (MAX9918/MAX9919) or 200mV (MAX9920)
of sense voltage for the full-scale current in each application. Sense resistors of 5mΩ to 100mΩ are available with
1% accuracy or better.
Efficiency and Power Dissipation
At high current levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE can be
significant. Take this into consideration when choosing the
resistor value and its power dissipation (wattage) rating.
Also, the sense resistor’s value might drift if it is allowed to
heat up excessively. The precision VOS of the MAX9918/
MAX9919/MAX9920 allows the use of small sense resistors to reduce power dissipation and reduce hot spots.
Ideally, the maximum load current develops the full-scale
sense voltage across the current-sense resistor. Choose
the gain needed to yield the maximum output voltage
required for the application:
Inductance: Keep inductance low if ISENSE has a large
high-frequency component by using resistors with low
inductance value.
VOUT = VSENSE x G
Bypass the MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920’s VCC to
ground with a 0.1µF capacitor. Grounding these devices
requires no special precautions; follow the same cautionary steps that apply to the rest of the system. High-current
systems can experience large voltage drops across a
ground plane, and this drop may add to or subtract from
VOUT. Using a differential measurement between OUT
and REFIN prevents this problem. For highest currentmeasurement accuracy, use a single-point star ground.
Connect the exposed pad to a solid ground to ensure
optimal thermal performance.
where VSENSE is the full-scale sense voltage, 50mV for
the MAX9918/MAX9919, or 200mV for the MAX9920 and
G is the gain of the device. G is externally adjustable for
the MAX9918/MAX9920. The MAX9919 has a fixed gain
version of 45V/V (MAX9919F) or 90V/V (MAX9919N).
In unidirectional applications (VREFIN = 0V), select the
gain of the MAX9918/MAX9920 to utilize the full output
range between GND and VCC. In bidirectional applications (VREFIN = VCC/2), select the gain to allow an output
voltage range of ±VCC/2. VOUT must be at least 100mV
from either rail to achieve the rated gain accuracy.
www.maximintegrated.com
Power-Supply Bypassing and Grounding
Maxim Integrated │ 16
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Functional Diagram
VCC
MAX9919F
OUT
A
R2
FB
RS+
50mV (typ)
RSENSE
RS-
INPUT
INPUT STAGE/
LEVEL SHIFTER
R1
REFIN
ILOAD
FIXED GAIN
G = 45V/V OR 90V/V
SHDN
GND
VCC
MAX9918
MAX9920
A
OUT
R2
MAX9918
50mV (typ)
MAX9920
200mV (typ)
FB
RS+
RSENSE
RS-
INPUT
INPUT STAGE/
LEVEL SHIFTER
R1
REFIN
ILOAD
ADJUSTABLE GAIN
SHDN
GND
GAIN IS SET BY EXTERNAL RESISTORS, R1 AND R2
G = [1+(R2/R1)] FOR MAX9918
G = [1+(R2/R1)]/4 FOR MAX9920
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │ 17
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE TYPE
PACKAGE CODE
OUTLINE NO.
LAND PATTERN NO.
8 SO-EP
S8E+14
21-0111
90-0151
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │ 18
MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920
-20V to +75V Input Range,
Precision Uni-/Bidirectional,
Current-Sense Amplifiers
Revision History
REVISION REVISION
NUMBER
DATE
0
PAGES
CHANGED
DESCRIPTION
10/09
Initial release
—
1
1/10
Updated Functional Diagram
16
2
12/10
Added automotive qualified part
1
3
6/11
Added MAX9920ASA/V+ to data sheet
1
4
7/11
Added automotive qualified parts for the MAX9919NASA/V+ and the MAX9920ASA/V+
1
5
1/13
Added automotive qualified part for the MAX9919FASA/V+
1
6
1/15
Updated Applications and Benefits and Features section
1
7
1/17
Added Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance specification to Package Thermal
Characteristics section
2
8
9/17
Added AEC-Q100 qualification statement to Benefits and Features section
1
9
2/19
Updated Applications, Benefits and Features, and added Package Information
10
7/19
Updated TOC29
1, 2
11
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please visit Maxim Integrated’s online storefront at https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/storefront/storefront.html.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
© 2019 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. │ 19
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