LM48411

LM48411 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.5W, Stereo, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S January 8, 2008 LM48411  Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.5W, Stereo, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S General Description The LM48411 is a single supply, high efficiency, 2.5W/channel Class D audio amplifier. The LM48411 features National's Enhanced Emissions Suppression (E2S) system, that features a unique patent-pending ultra low EMI, spread spectrum, PWM architecture, that significantly reduces RF emissions while preserving audio quality and efficiency. The E2S system improves battery life, reduces external component count, board area consumption, system cost, and simplifying design. The LM48411 is designed to meet the demands of mobile phones and other portable communication devices. Operating on a single 5V supply, it is capable of delivering 2.5W/ channel of continuous output power to a 4Ω load with less than 10% THD+N. Its flexible power supply requirements allow operation from 2.4V to 5.5V. The wide band spread spectrum architecture of the LM48411 reduces EMI-radiated emissions due to the modulator frequency. The LM48411 features high efficiency compared to a conventional Class AB amplifier. The E2S system includes an advanced, patent-pending edge rate control (ERC) architecture that further reduce emissions by minimizing the high frequency component of the device output, while maintaining high quality audio reproduction and high efficiency (η = 87% at VDD = 3.6V, PO = 500mW). Four gain options are pin selectable through GAIN0 and GAIN1 pins. The LM48411 features a low-power consumption shutdown mode. Shutdown may be enabled by driving the Shutdown pin to a logic low (GND). Output short circuit protection prevents the device from being damaged during fault conditions. Superior click and pop suppression eliminates audible transients on power up/down and during shutdown. Independent left/right shutdown control maximizes power savings in mixed mono/stereo applications. Key Specifications ■ Efficiency at 3.6V, 500mW into 8Ω speaker 87% (typ) 80% (typ) 88% (typ) 4.2mA (typ) 2.5W (typ) 1.5W (typ) 0.01µA (typ) 2.4V to 5.5V ■ Efficiency at 3.6V, 100mW into 8Ω speaker ■ Efficiency at 5V, 1W into 8Ω speaker ■ Quiescent current, 3.6V supply ■ Power Output at VDD = 5V RL = 4Ω, THD ≤ 10% ■ Power Output at VDD = 5V RL = 8Ω, THD ≤ 10% ■ Total shutdown power supply current ■ Single supply range Features ■ E2S system reduces EMI preserving Audio Quality and ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Efficiency Output short circuit protection Stereo Class D Operation No output filter required for inductive loads Logic selectable gain Independent shutdown control Minimum external components "Click and pop" suppression circuitry Micro-power shutdown mode Available in space-saving 0.5mm pitch micro SMD package Applications ■ Mobile phones ■ PDAs ■ Portable electronic devices Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2008 National Semiconductor Corporation 300095 www.national.com LM48411 LM48411 RF Emissions 30009586 FIGURE 1. RF Emissions — 3in cable www.national.com 2 LM48411 Typical Application 30009501 FIGURE 2. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit 3 www.national.com LM48411 Connection Diagrams 16 Bump micro SMD Package micro SMD Marking 30009557 Top View X — Date Code T— Die Traceability G — Boomer Family J2 — LM48411TL 30009502 Top View Order Number LM48411TL See NS Package Number TLA16ACA Pin Descriptions Bump A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 D3 D4 Name OUTLB SDL PGND OUTRB OUTLA SDR AGND OUTRA PVDD G1 G0 AVDD INL+ INLINRINR+ Function Left Channel output B Left channel active low shutdown Power GND Right channel output B Left channel output A Right channel active low shutdown Ground Right channel output A Power VDD Gain setting input 1 Gain setting input 0 Power supply Non-inverting left channel input Inverting left channel input Inverting right channel input Non-inverting right channel input www.national.com 4 LM48411 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (Note 1) Storage Temperature Voltage at Any Input Pin 6.0V −65°C to +150°C Thermal Resistance 63.6°C/W  θJA (micro SMD) Soldering Information See AN-1112 "microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale Package." VDD + 0.3V ≥ V ≥ GND - 0.3V Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited ESD Rating, all other pins (Note 4) 2.0kV ESD Rating (Note 5) 200V Junction Temperature (TJMAX) 150°C Operating Ratings Temperature Range TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX Supply Voltage (Notes 1, 2) −40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C 2.4V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for AV = 6dB, RL = 15μH+8Ω, f = 1kHz, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25°C. VDD = 3.6V. LM48411 Symbol Parameter Conditions VI = 0V, AV = 2V/V, VDD = 2.4V to 5.0V VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD = 5.0V VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD = 3.6V VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD = 2.4V IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0V, RL = 8Ω, VDD = 5.0V VIN = 0V, RL = 8Ω, VDD = 3.6V VIN = 0V, RL = 8Ω, VDD = 2.4V ISD VSDIH VSDIL Shutdown Current Shutdown voltage input high Shutdown voltage input low VSDR = VSDL= GND For SDR, SDL For SDR, SDL GAIN0, GAIN1 = GND RL = ∞ GAIN0 = VDD, GAIN1 = GND AV Gain RL = ∞ GAIN0 = GND, GAIN1 = VDD RL = ∞ RL = ∞ GAIN0, GAIN1 = VDD AV = 6dB RIN Input Resistance AV = 12dB AV = 18dB AV = 24dB TWU Wake Up Time VSDR/SDL = 0.4V 6 12 18 24 56 37.5 22.5 12.5 4.2 Typical (Note 6) |VOS| Differential Output Offset Voltage 5 5.1 4.2 3.0 5.2 4.2 3.0 0.01 1.0 1.4 0.4 6±0.5 12±0.5 18±0.5 24±0.5 7.5 6.0 4.5 Limit (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) mV mA (max) mA (max) mA (max) mA mA mA μA (max) V (min) V (max) dB dB dB dB kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ ms 5 www.national.com LM48411 LM48411 Symbol Parameter Conditions RL = 15μH + 4Ω + 15μH THD = 10% (max) f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V RL = 15μH + 4Ω + 15μH THD = 1% (max) f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V RL = 15μH + 8Ω + 15μH THD = 10% (max) f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V PO Output Power VDD = 2.5V RL = 15μH + 8Ω + 15μH THD = 1% (max) f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise PO = 500mW, f = 1kHz, RL = 8Ω PO = 300mW, f = 1kHz, RL = 8Ω VRipple = 200mVPP Sine, fRipple = 217Hz, VDD = 3.6, 5V PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio (Input Referred) Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF VRipple = 200mVPP Sine, fRipple = 1kHz, VDD = 3.6, 5V Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF SNR εOUT CMRR η Xtalk Signal to Noise Ratio Output Noise (Input Referred) Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Input Referred) Efficiency Crosstalk VDD = 5V, PO = 1WRMS VDD = 3.6V, A Weighted VDD = 3.6V, VRipple = 1VPP Sine fRipple = 217Hz VDD = 5V, POUT = 1W RL = 8Ω PO = 500mW, f = kHz 96 22 64 88 84 77 1.25 615 270 0.05 0.03 78 1.5 760 330 600 Typical (Note 6) Limit (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) PO Output Power 2.5 1.2 530 W W mW 2.0 1.0 430 W W mW W mW (min) mW W mW mW % % dB dB dB μVRMS dB % dB www.national.com 6 LM48411 Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Absolute Maximum Ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional and the device should not be operated beyond such conditions. All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LMxxxxx, see Power Derating curves for additional information. Note 4: Human body model, applicable std. JESD22-A114C. Note 5: Machine model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A. Note 6: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at TA = +25ºC, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of product characterization and are not guaranteed. Note 7: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by test or statistical analysis. Note 8: Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase ISD by a maximum of 2µA. The Shutdown pin should be driven as close as possible to GND for minimal shutdown current and to VDD for the best THD performance in PLAY mode. See the Application Information section under SHUTDOWN FUNCTION for more information. Note 9: The performance graphs were taken using the Audio Precision AUX-0025 Switching Amplifier measurement Filter in series with the LC filter on the demo board. Typical Performance Characteristics THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 2.5V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 100mW/channel AV = 6dB THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 250mW/channel AV = 6dB 30009540 30009546 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 5.0V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 375mW/channel AV = 6dB THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 2.5V, RL = 4Ω, PO = 100mW/channel AV = 6dB 30009549 30009552 7 www.national.com LM48411 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, RL = 4Ω, PO = 250mW/channel AV = 6dB THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 5.0V, RL = 4Ω, PO = 375mW/channel AV = 6dB 30009556 30009558 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 2.5V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 2.5V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 24dB 30009574 30009575 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 24dB 30009578 30009579 www.national.com 8 LM48411 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 5V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 5V, RL = 8Ω, AV = 24dB 30009582 30009583 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 2.5V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 2.5V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 24dB 30009572 30009573 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 3.6V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 3.6V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 24dB 30009576 30009577 9 www.national.com LM48411 THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 5.0V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 6dB THD+N vs Output Power VDD = 5.0V, RL = 4Ω, AV = 24dB 30009580 30009581 PSRR vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω CMRR vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω 30009568 30009571 Quiescent Current vs Power Supply RL = ∞ Output Power vs Supply Voltage RL = 4Ω, f = 1kHz 30009542 30009561 www.national.com 10 LM48411 Output Power vs Supply Voltage RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz Efficiency vs Output Power R L = 4Ω 30009562 30009569 Efficiency vs Output Power R L = 8Ω Crosstalk vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, RL = 8Ω 30009563 30009570 Power Dissipation vs Output Power R L = 4Ω Power Dissipation vs Output Power R L = 8Ω 30009566 30009567 11 www.national.com LM48411 External Components Description (Figure 2) Components 1. 2. CS CI Functional Description Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor. Input AC coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's input terminals. www.national.com 12 LM48411 Application Information GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION The LM48411 features a filterless modulation scheme. The differential outputs of the device switch at 300kHz from VDD to GND. When there is no input signal applied, the two outputs (VO1 and VO2) switch with a 50% duty cycle, with both outputs in phase. Because the outputs of the LM48411 are differential, the two signals cancel each other. This results in no net voltage across the speaker, thus there is no load current during an idle state, conserving power. With an input signal applied, the duty cycle (pulse width) of the LM48411 outputs changes. For increasing output voltages, the duty cycle of VO1 increases, while the duty cycle of VO2 decreases. For decreasing output voltages, the converse occurs, the duty cycle of VO2 increases while the duty cycle of VO1 decreases. The difference between the two pulse widths yields the differential output voltage. SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION The LM48411 features a fitlerless spread spectrum modulation scheme that eliminates the need for output filters, ferrite beads or chokes. The switching frequency varies by ±30% about a 300kHz center frequency, reducing the wideband spectral contend, improving EMI emissions radiated by the speaker and associated cables and traces. Where a fixed frequency class D exhibits large amounts of spectral energy at multiples of the switching frequency, the spread spectrum architecture of the LM48411 spreads that energy over a larger bandwidth. The cycle-to-cycle variation of the switching period does not affect the audio reproduction of efficiency. ENHANCED EMISSIONS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (E2S) The LM48411 features National’s patent-pending E2S system that reduces EMI, while maintaining high quality audio reproduction and efficiency. The E2S system features a synchronizable oscillator with selectable spread spectrum, and advanced edge rate control (ERC). The LM48411 ERC greatly reduces the high frequency components of the output square waves by controlling the output rise and fall times, slowing the transitions to reduce RF emissions, while maximizing THD+N and efficiency performance. POWER DISSIPATION AND EFFICIENCY In general terms, efficiency is considered to be the ratio of useful work output divided by the total energy required to produce it with the difference being the power dissipated, typically, in the IC. The key here is “useful” work. For audio systems, the energy delivered in the audible bands is considered useful including the distortion products of the input signal. Sub-sonic (DC) and super-sonic components (>22kHz) are not useful. The difference between the power flowing from the power supply and the audio band power being transduced is dissipated in the LM48411 and in the transducer load. The amount of power dissipation in the LM48411 is very low. This is because the ON resistance of the switches used to form the output waveforms is typically less than 0.25Ω. This leaves only the transducer load as a potential "sink" for the small excess of input power over audio band output power. The LM48411 dissipates only a fraction of the excess power requiring no additional PCB area or copper plane to act as a heat sink. DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER EXPLANATION As logic supply voltages continue to shrink, designers are increasingly turning to differential analog signal handling to preserve signal to noise ratios with restricted voltage swing. The LM48411 is a fully differential amplifier that features differential input and output stages. A differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the two input signals. Traditional audio power amplifiers have typically offered only singleended inputs resulting in a 6dB reduction in signal to noise ratio relative to differential inputs. The LM48411 also offers the possibility of DC input coupling which eliminates the two external AC coupling, DC blocking capacitors. The LM48411 can be used, however, as a single ended input amplifier while still retaining it's fully differential benefits. In fact, completely unrelated signals may be placed on the input pins. The LM48411 simply amplifies the difference between the signals. A major benefit of a differential amplifier is the improved common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over single input amplifiers. The common-mode rejection characteristic of the differential amplifier reduces sensitivity to ground offset related noise injection, especially important in high noise applications. PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS As output power increases, interconnect resistance (PCB traces and wires) between the amplifier, load and power supply create a voltage drop. The voltage loss on the traces between the LM48411 and the load results is lower output power and decreased efficiency. Higher trace resistance between the supply and the LM48411 has the same effect as a poorly regulated supply, increased ripple on the supply line also reducing the peak output power. The effects of residual trace resistance increases as output current increases due to higher output power, decreased load impedance or both. To maintain the highest output voltage swing and corresponding peak output power, the PCB traces that connect the output pins to the load and the supply pins to the power supply should be as wide as possible to minimize trace resistance. The use of power and ground planes will give the best THD +N performance. While reducing trace resistance, the use of power planes also creates parasite capacitors that help to filter the power supply line. The inductive nature of the transducer load can also result in overshoot on one or both edges, clamped by the parasitic diodes to GND and VDD in each case. From an EMI standpoint, this is an aggressive waveform that can radiate or conduct to other components in the system and cause interference. It is essential to keep the power and output traces short and well shielded if possible. Use of ground planes, beads, and micro-strip layout techniques are all useful in preventing unwanted interference. As the distance from the LM48411 and the speaker increase, the amount of EMI radiation will increase since the output wires or traces acting as antenna become more efficient with length. What is acceptable EMI is highly application specific. Ferrite chip inductors placed close to the LM48411 may be needed to reduce EMI radiation. The value of the ferrite chip is very application specific. POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). The capacitor (CS) location should be as close as possible to the LM48411. Typical applications employ a voltage regulator with a 10µF and a 0.1µF bypass capacitors that increase supply stability. These capacitors do not eliminate the need for bypassing on the supply pin of the LM48411. A 4.7µF tantalum capacitor is recommended. 13 www.national.com LM48411 SHUTDOWN FUNCTION In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the LM48411 contains shutdown circuitry that reduces current draw to less than 0.01µA. The trigger point for shutdown is shown as a typical value in the Electrical Characteristics Tables and in the Shutdown Hysteresis Voltage graphs found in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. It is best to switch between ground and supply for minimum current usage while in the shutdown state. While the LM48411 may be disabled with shutdown voltages in between ground and supply, the idle current will be greater than the typical 0.01µA value. Increased THD may also be observed with voltages less than VDD on the Shutdown pin when in PLAY mode. The LM48411 has an internal resistor connected between GND and Shutdown pins. The purpose of this resistor is to eliminate any unwanted state changes when the Shutdown pin is floating. The LM48411 will enter the shutdown state when the Shutdown pin is left floating or if not floating, when the shutdown voltage has crossed the threshold. To minimize the supply current while in the shutdown state, the Shutdown pin should be driven to GND or left floating. If the Shutdown pin is not driven to GND, the amount of additional resistor current due to the internal shutdown resistor can be found by Equation (1) below. (VSD - GND) / 300kΩ (1) quencies so filtering may be desired . When the LM48411 is using a single-ended source, power supply noise on the ground is seen as an input signal by the +IN input pin that is capacitor coupled to ground (See Figures 5 – 7). Setting the high-pass filter point above the power supply noise frequencies, 217Hz in a GSM phone, for example, will filter out this noise so it is not amplified and heard on the output. Capacitors with a tolerance of 10% or better are recommended for impedance matching. DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS The LM48411 can be used in many different circuit configurations. The simplest and best performing is the DC coupled, differential input configuration shown in Figure 2. Equation (2) above is used to determine the value of the Ri resistors for a desired gain. Input capacitors can be used in a differential configuration as shown in Figure 3. Equation (3) above is used to determine the value of the Ci capacitors for a desired frequency response due to the high-pass filter created by Ci and Ri. Equation (2) above is used to determine the value of the Ri resistors for a desired gain. The LM48411 can be used to amplify more than one audio source. Figure 4 shows a dual differential input configuration. The gain for each input can be independently set for maximum design flexibility using the Ri resistors for each input and Equation (2). Input capacitors can be used with one or more sources as well to have different frequency responses depending on the source or if a DC voltage needs to be blocked from a source. SINGLE-ENDED CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS The LM48411 can also be used with single-ended sources but input capacitors will be needed to block any DC at the input terminals. Figure 5 shows the typical single-ended application configuration. The equations for Gain, Equation (2), and frequency response, Equation (3), hold for the singleended configuration as shown in Figure 5. When using more than one single-ended source as shown in Figure 6, the impedance seen from each input terminal should be equal. To find the correct values for Ci3 and Ri3 connected to the +IN input pin the equivalent impedance of all the singleended sources are calculated. The single-ended sources are in parallel to each other. The equivalent capacitor and resistor, Ci3 and Ri3, are found by calculating the parallel combination of all Civalues and then all Ri values. Equations (4) and (5) below are for any number of single-ended sources. Ci3 = Ci1 + Ci2 + Cin ... (F) Ri3 = 1 / (1/Ri1 + 1/Ri2 + 1/Rin ...) (Ω) (4) (5) With only a 0.5V difference, an additional 1.7µA of current will be drawn while in the shutdown state. PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS The gain of the LM48411 is set by the external resistors, Ri in Figure 1, The Gain is given by Equation (2) below. Best THD+N performance is achieved with a gain of 2V/V (6dB). AV = 2 * 150 kΩ / Ri (V/V) (2) It is recommended that resistors with 1% tolerance or better be used to set the gain of the LM48411. The Ri resistors should be placed close to the input pins of the LM48411. Keeping the input traces close to each other and of the same length in a high noise environment will aid in noise rejection due to the good CMRR of the LM48411. Noise coupled onto input traces which are physically close to each other will be common mode and easily rejected by the LM48411. Input capacitors may be needed for some applications or when the source is single-ended (see Figures 3, 5). Input capacitors are needed to block any DC voltage at the source so that the DC voltage seen between the input terminals of the LM48411 is 0V. Input capacitors create a high-pass filter with the input resistors, Ri. The –3dB point of the high-pass filter is found using Equation (3) below. fC = 1 / (2πRi Ci ) (Hz) (3) The input capacitors may also be used to remove low audio frequencies. Small speakers cannot reproduce low bass fre- The LM48411 may also use a combination of single-ended and differential sources. A typical application with one singleended source and one differential source is shown in Figure 7. Using the principle of superposition, the external component values can be determined with the above equations corresponding to the configuration. www.national.com 14 LM48411 Build of Materials Designator C1, C2 C3 – C6 C11 JP1–5, JP8–11 JP6, JP7 Description Ceramic Capacitor 0.1mF, 50V, 10% Tantalum Capacitors 1mF 20V, 10%, Size A Tantalum Capacitors 10mF 20V, 10% Size B Jumper Header Vertical Mount 2X1 0.100 Jumper Header Vertical Mount 3x1 0.100 Footprint 805 1206 1411 Quantity 2 4 1 9 2 15 www.national.com LM48411 Demonstration Board Schematic 30009592 www.national.com 16 LM48411 Demonstration Board Layout 30009591 Top Silkscreen Layer 30009590 Top Layer 30009588 Mid 1 Layer 17 www.national.com LM48411 30009589 Mid 2 Layer 30009587 Bottom Layer www.national.com 18 LM48411 Revision History Rev 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Date 09/21/07 10/01/07 11/30/07 12/19/07 01/08/08 Initial release. Fixed few typos. Added the demo boards and BOM. Edited the 16–bump micro SMD package diagram and the Pin Description table. Edited the 16–bump micro SMD package diagram. Description 19 www.national.com LM48411 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 16 Bump micro SMD Order Number LM48411TL NS Package Number TLA16ACA X1 = 1.996mm X2 = 2.047mm X3 = 0.6mm www.national.com 20 LM48411 Notes 21 www.national.com LM48411 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.5W, Stereo, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: Products Amplifiers Audio Clock Conditioners Data Converters Displays Ethernet Interface LVDS Power Management Switching Regulators LDOs LED Lighting PowerWise Serial Digital Interface (SDI) Temperature Sensors Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/amplifiers www.national.com/audio www.national.com/timing www.national.com/adc www.national.com/displays www.national.com/ethernet www.national.com/interface www.national.com/lvds www.national.com/power www.national.com/switchers www.national.com/ldo www.national.com/led www.national.com/powerwise www.national.com/sdi www.national.com/tempsensors www.national.com/wireless WEBENCH Analog University App Notes Distributors Green Compliance Packaging Design Support www.national.com/webench www.national.com/AU www.national.com/appnotes www.national.com/contacts www.national.com/quality/green www.national.com/packaging www.national.com/quality www.national.com/refdesigns www.national.com/feedback Quality and Reliability Reference Designs Feedback THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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