DATASHEET
ZL8101
FN7832
Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Adaptive Digital DC/DC PWM Controller with Auto Compensation
The ZL8101 is a digital PWM controller with auto
compensation that is designed to work with either the ZL1505
MOSFET driver IC, ISL6611 Phase Doubler IC, or DrMOS type
devices. Current sharing allows multiple devices to be
connected in parallel to source loads with very high current
demands. Adaptive performance optimization algorithms
improve power conversion efficiency across the entire load
range. Zilker Labs Digital-DC™ technology enables a blend of
power conversion performance and power management
features.
Features
• Efficient Synchronous Buck Controller
• Adaptive Performance Optimization Algorithms
• ±1% Output Voltage Accuracy
• Auto Compensation
• Snapshot™ Parametric Capture
• I2C/SMBus Interface, PMBus Compatible
• Internal Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)
The ZL8101 is designed to be a flexible building block for DC
power and can be easily adapted to designs ranging from a
single-phase power supply operating from a 4.5V input to a
multi-phase supply operating from a 12V input. The ZL8101
eliminates the need for complicated power supply managers
as well as numerous external discrete components.
• Tri-State PWM Gate Outputs
• Compatible with Industry Standard DrMOS Devices
• Compatible with Intersil ISL6611 Phase Doubler
• Synchronized External Driver Control
Applications
Most operating features can be configured by simple
pin-strap/resistor selection or through the SMBus™ serial
interface. The ZL8101 uses the PMBus™ protocol for
communication with a host controller and the Digital-DC bus
for communication between other Zilker Labs devices.
• Servers/Storage Equipment
• Telecom/Datacom Equipment
• Power Supplies (Memory, DSP, ASIC, FPGA)
Related Literature
• AN2033 “Zilker Labs PMBus Command Set - DDC Products”
• AN2034 “Configuring Current Sharing on the ZL2004 and
ZL2006”
• AN2010 “Thermal and Layout Guidelines for Digital-DC™
Products”
96
VOUT = 3.3V
EFFICIENCY (%)
91
VOUT = 1.5V
VOUT = 1.0V
86
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 2.5V
VIN = 12V
fSW = 400kHz
L = 0.45µH
GH = 1 x BSC050NE2Ls
GL = 2 x BSC010NE2LS
81
76
VOUT = 1.8V
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
FIGURE 1. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 1 of 36
ZL8101
Block Diagram
EN PG SS
V (0, 1)
VMON
MGN
SYNC
DDC
DRVCTL
FC
V25 VR VDD
LDO
POWER
MANAGEMENT
PWMH
LEVEL
SHIFTER
NONVOLATILE
MEMORY
PWM
CONTROLLER
I2C
MONITOR
ADC
SCL
SDA
SALRT
SA (0,1)
VTRK
PWML
ISENA
ISENB
CURRENT
SENSE
TEMP
SENSOR
VSEN
XTEMP SGND DGND
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2)
PART
MARKING
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
PACK
METHOD
PACKAGE
PKG.
DWG. #
ZL8101ALAFT
8101
-40 to +85
Tape and Reel 6k
32 Ld QFN
L32.5x5G
ZL8101ALAFTK
8101
-40 to +85
Tape and Reel 1k
32 Ld QFN
L32.5x5G
ZL8101ALAF
8101
-40 to +85
Bulk
32 Ld QFN
L32.5x5G
NOTES:
1. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate
plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are
MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
2. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ZL8101. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363.
ZL Types
ZL BBBBB
P
ZL = ZILKER LABS DESIGNATOR
BASE PART NUMBER
5 Character Max.
PACKAGE DESIGNATOR
A: (QFN)
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
J: (0°C to +85°C)
K: (0 to +70°C)
L: (-40°C to +85°C)
Z: (-55°C to +125°C)
T
S
L
F
-CC
CUSTOM CODE
Any alphanumeric character
SHIPPING OPTION
J: (Trays)
T1 or TK: (Tape and Reel - 1000 piece)
T3: (Tape and Reel - 3000 piece)
T4: (Tape and Reel - 4000 piece)
T5: (Tape and Reel - 5000 piece)
T6: (Tape and Reel - 6000 piece)
T: (Tape and Reel - 100 piece for
Zilker legacy products)
T: (Tape and Reel - Full reel Qty.
for Intersil Zilker products)
W: (Waffle pack)
LEAD FINISH
F (Lead-free Matte Tin)
N (Lead-free NiPdAu)
FIRMWARE REVISION
Any alphanumeric character
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 2 of 36
ZL8101
Pin Configuration
PG
SS
EN
NC
MGN
DDC
XTEMP
V25
ZL8101
(32 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
DGND
1
24 VDD
SYNC
2
23 VR
SA0
3
22 PWMH
SA1
4
21 SGND
EXPOSED PADDLE*
7
18 ISENB
SALRT
8
17 NC
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
VSEN-
9
VSEN+
SDA
VTRK
19 ISENA
DRVCTL
6
VMON
SCL
V1
20 PWML
V0
5
FC
NC
*CONNECT TO SGND
Pin Descriptions
PIN
LABEL
TYPE
(Note 3)
1
DGND
PWR
2
SYNC
I/O, M
(Note 4)
Clock synchronization input. Used to set the frequency of the internal switch clock, to sync to an external
clock or to output internal clock.
3
SA0
4
SA1
I, M
Serial address select pins. Used to assign a unique address for each individual device or to enable certain
management features.
5
NC
6
SCL
I/O
Serial clock. Connect to external host and/or to other ZL devices.
7
SDA
I/O
Serial data. Connect to external host and/or to other ZL devices.
8
SALRT
O
Serial alert. Connect to external host if desired.
9
FC
I
Auto compensation configuration pin. Used to set up auto compensation.
10
V0
11
V1
12
DESCRIPTION
Digital ground. Connect to low impedance contiguous ground plane.
No Connect. Leave pin open.
I, M
Output voltage selection pins. Used to set VOUT set-point and VOUT max.
VMON
I, M
External voltage monitoring (can be used for external driver bias monitoring for Power-Good).
13
DRVCTL
O
External driver enable control output.
14
VTRK
I
Tracking sense input. Used to track an external voltage source.
15
VSEN+
I
Differential Output voltage sense feedback. Connect to positive output regulation point.
16
VSEN-
I
Differential Output voltage sense feedback. Connect to negative output regulation point.
17
NC
18
ISENB
I
Differential voltage input for current sensing.
19
ISENA
I
Differential voltage input for current sensing. High voltage (DCR).
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
No Connect. Leave pin open.
Page 3 of 36
ZL8101
Pin Descriptions
(Continued)
PIN
LABEL
TYPE
(Note 3)
20
PWML
O
21
SGND
PWR
22
PWMH
O
PWM Gate High signal.
23
VR
PWR
Internal 5V Reference.
24
VDD
(Note 5)
PWR
Supply voltage.
25
V25
PWR
Internal 2.5V reference used to power internal circuitry.
26
XTEMP
I
External temperature sensor input. Connect to external 2N3904 (Base Emitter junction).
27
DDC
I
Single wire DDC bus (Current sharing, inter device communication).
28
MGN
I
VOUT margin control.
29
NC
30
EN
I
31
SS
I, M
32
PG
O
PD
SGND
PWR
DESCRIPTION
PWM Gate low signal.
Connect to low impedance ground plane. Internal connection to SGND.
No Connect. Leave pin open.
Enable. Active signal enables PWM switching.
Soft-start delay and ramp select. Sets the delay from when EN is asserted until the output voltage starts to
ramp and the ramp time.
Power-Good output.
Exposed thermal pad. Connect to low impedance ground plane. Internal connection to SGND.
NOTES:
3. I = Input, O = Output, PWR = Power or Ground. M = Multi-mode pins (refer to “Multi-mode Pins” on page 12).
4. The SYNC pin can be used as a logic pin, a clock input or a clock output.
5. The VDD pin voltage is used to measure VIN as part of the Pre-Bias calculation and Loop Gain calculation used for current sharing ramps.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 4 of 36
ZL8101
Table of Contents
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Typical Application Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ZL8101 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital-DC Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Conversion Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multi-mode Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
11
12
12
12
Power Conversion Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal Bias Regulators and Input Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output Voltage Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Start-up Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soft-start Delay and Ramp Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power-Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switching Frequency and PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Train Component Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current Limit Threshold Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loop Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-linear Response (NLR) Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Efficiency Optimized Driver Dead-time Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adaptive Diode Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
13
13
15
15
16
16
18
20
21
22
22
24
Power Management Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Input Undervoltage Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Output Overvoltage Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Output Pre-Bias Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Minimum Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Output Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Thermal Overload Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Voltage Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tracking with Autocomp Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Current Sharing and Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Configuring Tracking Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Voltage Margining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
External Voltage Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
I2C/SMBus Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
I2C/SMBus Device Address Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Digital-DC Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Phase Spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Output Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fault Spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Active Current Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Turn-On/Off Ramp Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Current Share Fault Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Phase Adding/Dropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Monitoring Via I2C/SMBus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Temperature Monitoring Using the XTEMP Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Snapshot™ Parameter Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Non-Volatile Memory and Device Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Configuration Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Programmable Gain Amplifier Bias Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 5 of 36
ZL8101
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
(Note 6)
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
32 Ld QFN Package (Notes 7, 8) . . . . . . . . . . .
35
5
Operating Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
DC Supply Voltage for VDD Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 17V
Logic I/O Voltage for DDC, EN, FC, MGN, PG, SA(0,1),
SALRT, SCL, SDA, SS, SYNC, VMON, V(0,1) Pins . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6.5V
Analog Input Voltages for VSEN+, VSEN-, VTRK,
XTEMP Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6.5V
Analog Input Voltages for ISENA, ISENB Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V to 6.5V
MOSFET Drive Reference for VR Pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6.5V
Logic Reference for V25 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 3V
Ground Voltage Differential (VDGND-VSGND) for
DGND, SGND Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +0.3V
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000V
Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200V
Latch Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tested per JESD-78
Recommended Operating Conditions
Input Supply Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5V to 14V
Output Voltage Range (Inductor Sensing) (Note 9) . . . . . . . . . 0.54V to 4V
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
6. Voltage measured with respect to SGND.
7. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
8. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
9. Includes margin limits.
Electrical Specifications VDD = 12V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 10)
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNIT
16
30
mA
25
50
mA
6.5
8
mA
INPUT AND SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
IDD Supply Current at fSW = 200kHz
IDD Supply Current at fSW = 1.4MHz
GH no load, GL no load, MISC_CONFIG[7] = 1
I2C/SMBus
IDDS Shutdown Current
EN = 0V, No
activity
VR Reference Output Voltage
VDD > 6V
4.5
5.2
5.7
V
V25 Reference Output Voltage
VR > 3V
2.25
2.5
2.75
V
3.6
V
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Adjustment Range (Note 11)
Output Voltage Set-point Resolution
0.6
Set using resistors
Set using
I2C/SMBus
Output Voltage Accuracy (Note 13)
Includes line, load, temp
VSEN Input Bias Current
VSEN = 4V
Current Sense Differential Input Voltage
(VOUT Referenced)
VISENA - VISENB
Current Sense Input Bias Current
(VOUT Referenced, VOUT 3.6V)
Soft-start Delay Duration Range
Set using SS pin or resistor
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
mV
±0.025
% FS
(Note 12)
1
%
150
µA
- 50
50
mV
ISENA
- 50
50
nA
ISENB
- 75
75
µA
2
20
ms
0.002
500
s
Set using
Soft-start Delay Duration Accuracy
10
I2C/SMBus
-1
80
Turn-on delay (precise mode) (Notes 14, 15)
±0.25
ms
Turn-on delay (normal mode) (Note 16)
-1/+5
ms
Turn-off delay (Note 16)
-1/+5
ms
Page 6 of 36
ZL8101
Electrical Specifications VDD = 12V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
Soft-start Ramp Duration Range
CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 10)
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNIT
Set using SS pin or resistor
2
20
ms
Set using I2C
0
200
ms
Soft-start Ramp Duration Accuracy
100
µs
LOGIC INPUT/OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Logic Input Bias Current
EN, PG, SCL, SDA, SALRT pins
MGN Input Bias Current
- 250
250
nA
-1
1
mA
0.8
V
Logic Input Low, VIL
Logic Input OPEN (N/C)
Multi-mode logic pins
Logic Input High, VIH
1.4
V
2.0
Logic Output Low, VOL
IOL 4mA
Logic Output High, VOH
IOH -2mA
V
0.4
2.25
V
V
PWM OUTPUTS (PWMH, PWML)
PWM Output Voltage Low Threshold
ILOAD = ±500µA (Note 20) Sinking
PWN Output Voltage High Threshold
100
4.7
mV
V
EXTERNAL DRIVER CONTROL (DRVCTL)
HW_EN to DRVCTL Delay (tdED)
Turn-on
100
350
µs
3S_Delay
Turn-off
0.1
2
ms
tdOFF
Turn-off
0.1
0.5
ms
200
1400
kHz
-5
5
OSCILLATOR AND SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency Range
Switching Frequency Set-point Accuracy
Maximum PWM Duty Cycle
Factory default, decreases with frequency
Minimum SYNC Pulse Width
Input Clock Frequency Drift Tolerance
External clock source
%
95
%
150
ns
- 13
13
%
200
µA
+100
mV
TRACKING
VTRK Input Bias Current
VTRK = 4.0V
110
VTRK Tracking Ramp Accuracy
100% Tracking, VOUT - VTRK (During Ramps)
VTRK Regulation Accuracy
100% Tracking, VOUT - VTRK (Steady State)
-100
1.5%
%
FAULT PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS
UVLO Threshold Range
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
UVLO Set-point Accuracy
UVLO Hysteresis
2.85
16
V
-150
150
mV
Factory default
Configurable via
3
I2C/SMBus
0
UVLO Delay
%
100
%
2.5
µs
Power-Good VOUT Low Threshold
Factory default
90
% VOUT
Power-Good VOUT High Threshold
Factory default
115
% VOUT
Power-Good VOUT Hysteresis
Factory default
5
%
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 7 of 36
ZL8101
Electrical Specifications VDD = 12V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
Power-good Delay
VSEN Undervoltage Threshold
CONDITIONS
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNIT
Using pin-strap or resistor (Note 17)
2
20
ms
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
0
500
s
Factory default
85
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
VSEN Overvoltage Threshold
MIN
(Note 10)
0
Factory default
% VOUT
110
115
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
0
% VOUT
% VOUT
115
% VOUT
VSEN Undervoltage Hysteresis
5
% VOUT
VSEN Undervoltage/Overvoltage Fault Response Time Factory default
16
µs
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
5
Current Limit Set-point Accuracy (VOUT Referenced)
Current Limit Protection Delay
Factory default
Configurable via I2C/SMBus
Temperature Compensation of Current Limit
Protection Threshold
5
tSW
(Note 19)
32
100
Thermal Protection Threshold (Junction Temperature) Factory default
Configurable via
% FS
(Note 18)
4400
I2C/SMBus
12700
-40
Thermal Protection Hysteresis
ppm/°C
°C
125
15
tSW
(Note 19)
ppm/°C
125
I2C/SMBus
µs
±10
1
Factory default
Configurable via
60
°C
°C
NOTES:
10. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.
11. Set point adjustment range does not include margin limits.
12. Percentage of Full Scale (FS) with temperature compensation applied.
13. VOUT set-point measured at the termination of the VSEN+ and VSEN- sense points.
14. The device requires approximately 2ms following an enable signal and prior to ramping its output. The delay accuracy will vary by ±0.25ms around
the 2ms minimum delay value.
15. Precise ramp timing mode is only valid when using EN pin to enable the device rather than PMBus enable.
16. The devices may require up to a 4ms delay following an assertion of the enable signal (normal mode) or following the de-assertion of the enable
signal.
17. Factory default Power-good delay is set to the same value as the soft-start ramp time.
18. Percentage of Full Scale (FS) with temperature compensation applied.
19. tSW = 1/fSW, where fSW is the switching frequency.
20. Outputs are Tri-State when disabled.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 8 of 36
ZL8101
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
VIN = 4.5V-14V
VDRV = 4.5V-6.5V
FB1
R1
100k
C2
4.7µF
DDC
SCL
SDA
DDCBus
(Note 21)
2
I C/SMBus
PG
EN
C1
SGND
24
27
6
7
2
32
14
30
28
3
4
10
11
12
VDD
DDC
SCL
SDA
SYNC
PG
VTRK
EN
MGN
SA0
SA1
V0
V1
VMON
26
5
XTEMP NC
R3
6.65k
C7
0.01µF
SGND
FC
PWMH
PWML
NC
SALRT
SS
DRVCTL
ISENA
ISENB
FB+
FBNC
SGND SGND V25
21
9
33
C8
10µF
U1
ZL1505
U2
ZL8101
22
20
29
8
31
13
19
18
15
16
17
PWMH
PWML
4
5
BST
9
VDD
PWMH
PWML
GH
SW
HSEL
GL
ISENA
ISENB
C4
10
BST
GND LSEL EPAD
7
6 11
C3
2
3
1
8
SW
L1
Q1
R2
VOUT
C6
C5
VR DGND
25 23
C9
10µF
1
FB+
FBSGND
FIGURE 2. EXAMPLE DESIGN USING ZL8101 AND ZL1505 DRIVER
NOTE:
21. The DDC bus requires a pull-up resistor. The resistance will vary based on the capacitive loading of the bus (and on the number of devices connected). The 10k default value, assuming a maximum
of 100pF per device, provides the necessary 1µs pull-up rise time. Please refer to the “Digital-DC Bus” section on page 30 for more information.
Page 9 of 36
ZL8101
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
VIN = 4.5V-14V
VDRV = 5V
FB2
R1
100k
C4
4.7µF
U1
ZL8101
SGND
DDC
SCL
SDA
DDCBus
(Note 21)
2
I C/SMBus
PG
EN
27
6
7
2
32
14
30
3
4
10
11
12
C2
10µF
24
26
5
9
VDD XTEMP NC FC
DDC
PWMH
SCL
DRVCTL
SDA
SALRT
SYNC
ISENA
PG
NC
VTRK
PWML
EN
SS
SA0
MGN
SA1
ISENB
V0
FB+
V1
VMON
FBNC
SGND SGND V25 VR DGND
21 33
25 23 1
4
22
13
8
19
29
20
31
28
18
15
16
17
15
7
PWMH
DRVEN
C8
0.01µF
U2
ISL6611AIRZ
3
PVCC
GAIN
PWM
EN_PH
ISENA
C6
SGND
14
VCC
BSTA
UGA
PHA
LGA
C1
SGND2
C5
11
Q1
12 GH_1
13 SW_1A
4 Wire
Inductors
L1
VOUT
2 GL_1
BSTB 10
UGB
PHB
R4
C9 C10
10µF 10µF
SGND
C3
R2
R3
R5
6.65k
FB1
LGB
SYNC GND PGND EPAD
16 1
5 17
C7
COUT1
Q2
9 GH_2
8 SW_2A
6 GL_2
SGND2
FIGURE 3. EXAMPLE DESIGN USING ZL8101 AND ISL6611 PHASE DOUBLER
GND
L2
Page 10 of 36
ZL8101
Typical Application Circuit
process with no software required, resulting in a very flexible
device that is also easy to use. An extensive set of power
management functions is fully integrated and can be configured
using simple pin connections or via the I2C/SMBus hardware
interface using standard PMBus commands. The user
configuration can be saved in an on-chip non-volatile memory
(NVM), allowing ultimate flexibility.
Figure 2 represents a typical application circuit for single phase
applications using a ZL1505 driver. Other power stages like DrMOS
devices can be substituted for the ZL1505 and output FET’s.
Figure 3 represents a typical application circuit for 2-phase
designs using a ISL6611 phase doubler IC.
Once enabled, the ZL8101 is immediately ready to regulate
power and perform power management tasks with no
programming required. The ZL8101 can be configured by simply
connecting its pins according to the tables provided in this
document. Advanced configuration options and real-time
configuration changes are available via the I2C/SMBus interface
if desired, and continuous monitoring of multiple operating
parameters is possible with minimal interaction from a host
controller. Integrated sub-regulation circuitry enables single
supply operation from any supply between 4.5V and 14V with no
secondary bias supplies needed.
ZL8101 Overview
Digital-DC Architecture
The ZL8101 is an innovative mixed-signal power conversion and
power management IC based on Zilker Labs’ patented Digital-DC
technology that provides an integrated, high performance
step-down converter for a wide variety of power supply
applications.
Today’s embedded power systems are typically designed for optimal
efficiency at maximum load, reducing the peak thermal stress by
limiting the total thermal dissipation inside the system.
Unfortunately, many of these systems are often operated at load
levels far below the peak where the power system has been
optimized, resulting in reduced efficiency. While this may not cause
thermal stress to occur, it does contribute to higher electricity usage
and results in higher overall system operating costs.
Zilker Labs provides a comprehensive set of application notes to
assist with power supply design and simulation. An evaluation
board is also available to help the user become familiar with the
device. This board can be evaluated as a stand-alone platform
using pin configuration settings. Additionally, a Windows™-based
GUI is provided to enable full configuration and monitoring
capability via the I2C/SMBus interface using an available
computer and the included USB cable.
Zilker Labs’ efficiency-adaptive ZL8101 DC-DC controller helps
mitigate this scenario by enabling the power converter to
automatically change their operating state to increase efficiency
and overall performance.
Please refer to www.intersil.com for access to the most
up-to-date documentation or call your local Intersil sales office to
order an evaluation kit.
Its unique digital PWM loop utilizes an innovative mixed signal
topology to enable precise control of the power conversion
VIN
DRVCTL PG
EN
MGN
FC V(0,1) VMON
SS
NVM
LDO
D-PWM
MOSFET
Pre
Drivers
Power Management
SYNC
GEN
Digital
Compensator
VDD
VR
PWMH
VOUT
Driver
MOSFETs
PWML
NLR
SYNC
PLL
-
ADC
REFCN
+
DAC
ISENA
ISENB
ADC
DDC
VDD
SALRT
SDA
SCL
SA(0,1)
Voltage
Sensor
Communication
ADC
MUX
VSEN+
VSENXTEMP
VTRK
TEMP
Sensor
FIGURE 4. ZL8101 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 11 of 36
ZL8101
Power Conversion Overview
DRIVER ENABLE CONTROL (DRVCTL)
The ZL8101 operates as a voltage-mode, synchronous buck
converter with a selectable constant frequency pulse width
modulator (PWM) control scheme that uses an external driver,
MOSFETs, capacitors, and an inductor to perform power
conversion.
The ZL8101 includes an output pin that can be used to control
the enable pin of single input drivers and DrMOS devices. The
DRVCTL pin is asserted High plus a small delay time (tdED) when
HW Enable or PMBus Enable is asserted. The DRVCTL pin is
de-asserted at the end of the fall time plus a delay (tdOFF). See
Figure 6 for timing information.
Vin
tON_DELAY
GH
PWMH
GL
PWML
GH
Vout
DRIVER
ZL8101
GL
Cout
tdOFF
EN
PWMH
tri-state
FIGURE 5. SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONVERTER
VOUT
Figure 5 illustrates the basic synchronous buck converter
topology showing the primary power train components. This
converter is also called a step-down converter, as the output
voltage must always be lower than the input voltage.
DUAL OUTPUT PWM
The ZL8101 provides a dual PWM signal for use with the ZL1505
driver and tri-state capable outputs for compatibility with single
input drivers and DrMOS devices.
When using the ZL8101/ZL1505 driver combination, higher
efficiency can be obtained by enabling the Zilker Labs Adaptive
Dead Time Algorithm.
The ZL1505 is a driver with two PWM inputs. Using two PWM
signals (PWMH and PWML) offers more options during fault
event and pre-bias conditions. The ZL8101 has several features
to improve the power conversion efficiency. A non-linear
response (NLR) loop improves the response time and reduces the
output deviation as a result of a load transient. The ZL8101
monitors the power converter’s operating conditions and
continuously adjusts the turn-on and turn-off timing of the
high-side and low-side MOSFETs to optimize the overall efficiency
of the power supply. Adaptive performance optimization
algorithms such as dead-time control, diode emulation, and
adaptive frequency are available to provide greater efficiency
improvement. The ZL8101 can also be used with single-ended
MOSFET drivers and DrMOS devices that require the PWMH
output to Tri-State when Disabled.
The trade-offs for using this mode may include reduced
efficiency and degraded pre-bias protection depending on the
minimum pulse width requirement of the single input driver.
TRI-STATE PWM OUTPUTS
Anytime the ZL8101 has power applied and PMBus or HW
Enable is de-asserted, the PWMH and PWML CMOS outputs are
Tri-Stated. The PWM outputs switch between 0 and the voltage
on the VR pin (typically 5V). The ZL8101 PWM outputs are
compatible with drivers who’s inputs are pulled between 2.5V
and 5.5V. The Tri-State function is always active, so no controls
are provided. The ZL1505 driver contains integrated pull-down
resistors that deactivate the tri-state function.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
tFALL
DRVCTL
tdED
tri-state
3SOFF_DELAY
tOFF_DELAY
tRISE
PWML
tri-state
FIGURE 6. DRVCTL AND TRI-STATE BEHAVIOR
Power Management Overview
The ZL8101 incorporates a wide range of configurable power
management options that are simple to implement with no
external components. The ZL8101 includes circuit protection
features that continuously safeguard the device and load from
damage due to unexpected system faults. The ZL8101 can
continuously monitor input voltage, output voltage/current,
internal temperature, and the temperature of an external
thermal diode. A Power-good output signal is also included to
enable power-on reset functionality for an external processor.
All power management functions can be configured using either
pin configuration techniques (see Figure 7) or via the I2C/SMBus
interface. Monitoring parameters can also be pre-configured to
provide alerts for specific conditions. See Application Note
AN2033 for more details on SMBus monitoring.
Multi-mode Pins
In order to simplify circuit design, the ZL8101 incorporates patented
multi-mode pins that allow the user to easily configure many
aspects of the device with no programming. Most power
management features can be configured using these pins. The
multi-mode pins can respond to four different connections as shown
in Table 1. These pins are sampled when power is applied or by
issuing a PMBus Restore command (See Application Note AN2033).
PIN-STRAP SETTINGS
This is the simplest implementation method, as no external
components are required. Using this method, each pin can take
on one of three possible states: LOW, OPEN, or HIGH. These pins
can be connected to the V25 pin for logic HIGH settings as this
pin provides a regulated voltage higher than 2V. Using a single
pin, one of three settings can be selected. Using two pins, one of
nine settings can be selected.
Page 12 of 36
ZL8101
• V25: The V25 LDO provides a regulated 2.5V bias supply for
the main controller circuitry. It is powered from an internal 5V
node. A 4.7 to 10µF filter capacitor is required at the V25 pin.
To ensure regulator stability capacitors outside of this range
must not be used.
TABLE 1. MULTI-MODE PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN TIED TO
VALUE
LOW
(Logic LOW)
2.0VDC
Resistor to SGND
Set by resistor value
When the input supply (VDD) is higher than 5.5V, the VR pin should
not be connected to any other pins. It should only have a filter
capacitor attached as shown in Figure 8. Due to the dropout voltage
associated with the VR bias regulator, the VDD pin must be
connected to the VR pin for designs operating from a supply below
5.5V. Figure 8 illustrates the required connections for both cases.
VIN
LOGIC
HIGH
OPEN
LOGIC
LOW
ZL
ZL
MULTI-MODE PIN
MULTI-MODE PIN
VDD
VIN
VDD
ZL8101
ZL8101
VR
VR
RSET
PIN-STRAP
SETTINGS
4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V
RESISTOR
SETTINGS
5.5V < VIN ≤ 14V
FIGURE 8. INPUT SUPPLY CONNECTIONS
FIGURE 7. PIN-STRAP AND RESISTOR SETTING EXAMPLES
RESISTOR SETTINGS
This method allows a greater range of adjustability when
connecting a finite value resistor (in a specified range) between
the multi-mode pin and SGND. Standard 1% resistor values are
used, and only every fourth E96 resistor value is used so the
device can reliably recognize the value of resistance connected
to the pin while eliminating the error associated with the resistor
accuracy. Up to 31 unique selections are available using a single
resistor.
I2C/SMBUS METHOD
Almost all ZL8101 functions can be configured via the I2C/SMBus
interface using standard PMBus commands. Any value that has
been configured using the pin-strap or resistor setting methods can
also be re-configured and/or verified via the I2C/SMBus. See
Application Note AN2033 for more details.
The SMBus device address and VOUT_MAX are the only
parameters that must be set by external pins. All other device
parameters can be set via the I2C/SMBus. The device address is
set using the SA0 and SA1 pins. VOUT_MAX is set to 10% greater
than the voltage set by the V0 and V1 pins.
Power Conversion Functional
Description
Internal Bias Regulators and Input Supply
Connections
The ZL8101 employs two internal low dropout (LDO) regulators to
supply bias voltages for internal circuitry, allowing it to operate from
a single input supply. The internal bias regulators are as follows:
• VR: The VR LDO provides a regulated 5V bias supply for the
MOSFET pre-driver circuits. It is powered from the VDD pin. A
4.7 to 10µF filter capacitor is required at the VR pin. To ensure
regulator stability, capacitors outside of this range must not
be used.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Note: the internal bias regulators are not designed to be outputs
for powering other circuitry. Do not attach external loads to any of
these pins. The multi-mode pins may be connected to the V25
pin for logic HIGH settings.
Output Voltage Selection
STANDARD MODE
The output voltage may be set to any voltage between 0.6V and
3.6V provided that the input voltage is higher than the desired
output voltage by an amount sufficient to prevent the device
from exceeding its maximum duty cycle specification. Using the
pin-strap method, VOUT can be set to any of nine standard
voltages as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2. PIN-STRAP OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETTINGS
V0
V1
LOW
OPEN
HIGH
LOW
0.6V
0.8V
1.0V
OPEN
1.2V
1.5V
1.8V
HIGH
2.5V
3.3V
3.6V
The resistor setting method can be used to set the output voltage
to levels not available in Table 2. Resistors R0 and R1 are
selected to produce a specific voltage between 0.6V and 3.6V in
10mV steps. Resistor R1 provides a coarse setting and resistor
R0 provides a fine adjustment, thus eliminating the additional
errors associated with using two 1% resistors (this typically adds
1.4% error).
To set VOUT using resistors, follow the steps below to calculate an
index value and then use Table 3 to select the resistor that
corresponds to the calculated index value as follows:
1. Calculate Index1: Index1 = 4 x VOUT (VOUT in 10mV steps)
2. Round the result down to the nearest whole number.
Page 13 of 36
ZL8101
3. Select the value of R1 from Table 3 using the Index1 rounded
value from Step 2.
Vin
4. Calculate Index0: Index0 = 100 x VOUT – (25 x Index1)
ZL8101
TABLE 3. RESISTORS FOR SETTING OUTPUT VOLTAGE
INDEX
R0 OR R1
(kΩ)
0
10
1
11
2
12.1
3
13.3
4
14.7
5
16.2
V0
R0
21.5k
Vout
Driver
GH
5. Select the value of R0 from Table 3 using the Index0 value
from Step 4.
GL
V1
R1
16.2k
FIGURE 9. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESISTOR SETTING EXAMPLE
Single Resistor Output Voltage Setting
Mode
6
17.8
7
19.6
8
21.5
Some applications desire the output voltage to be set using a
single resistor. This can be accomplished using a resistor on the
V1 pin while the V0 pin is tied to SGND. Table 4 lists the available
output voltage settings with a single resistor. See Application
Note AN2033 for more details.
TABLE 4.
9
23.7
10
26.1
11
28.7
12
31.6
13
34.8
14
38.3
15
42.2
16
RV1(kΩ
RV0
VOUT
10
Low
0.60
11
Low
0.65
12.1
Low
0.70
13.3
Low
0.75
46.4
14.7
Low
0.80
17
51.1
16.2
Low
0.85
18
56.2
17.8
Low
0.90
19
61.9
19.6
Low
0.95
20
68.1
21.5
Low
1.00
21
75
23.7
Low
1.05
22
82.5
23
90.9
26.1
Low
1.10
24
100
28.7
Low
1.15
31.6
Low
1.20
34.8
Low
1.25
38.3
Low
1.30
42.2
Low
1.40
Example from Figure 9: For VOUT = 1.33V,
Index1 = 4 x 1.33V = 5.32;
From Table 3, R1 = 16.2kΩ
Index0 = (100 x 1.33V) – (25 x 5) = 8;
46.4
Low
1.50
From Table 3, R0 = 21.5kΩ
51.1
Low
1.60
The output voltage can be determined from the R0 (Index0) and
R1 (Index1) values using Equation 1:
56.2
Low
1.70
Index 0 ( 25 Index 1)
VOUT
100
61.9
Low
1.80
68.1
Low
1.90
75.0
Low
2.00
82.5
Low
2.10
90.9
Low
2.20
100
Low
2.30
(EQ. 1)
The output voltage may also be set to any value between 0.6V
and 3.6V using the I2C interface. See Application Note AN2033
for details.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 14 of 36
ZL8101
been configured (using PMBus commands), the device will
default to a 2ms delay period (with an accuracy of approximately
±0.25ms). If a delay period greater than 2ms is configured, the
device will wait for the configured delay period prior to starting to
ramp its output.
TABLE 4. (Continued)
RV1(kΩ
RV0
VOUT
110
Low
2.50
121
Low
3.00
133
Low
3.30
147
Low
4.00
162
Low
5.00
178
Low
5.50
After the delay period has expired, the output will begin to ramp
towards its target voltage according to the pre-configured soft-start
ramp time that has been set using the SS pin.
Soft-start Delay and Ramp Times
Start-up Procedure
The ZL8101 follows a specific internal start-up procedure after
power is applied to the VDD pin. Table 5 describes the start-up
sequence.
If the device is to be synchronized to an external clock source, the
clock frequency must be stable prior to asserting the EN pin. The
device requires approximately 5ms to 10ms to check for specific
values stored in its internal memory. If the user has stored values
in memory, those values will be loaded. The device will then
check the status of all multi-mode pins and load the values
associated with the pin settings.
Once this process is completed, the device is ready to accept
commands via the I2C/SMBus interface and the device is ready
to be enabled. Once enabled, the device requires approximately
2ms before its output voltage may be allowed to start its
ramp-up process. If a soft-start delay period less than 2ms has
In some applications, it may be necessary to set a delay from
when an enable signal is received until the output voltage starts
to ramp to its target value. In addition, the designer may wish to
precisely set the time required for VOUT to ramp to its target value
after the delay period has expired. These features may be used
as part of an overall inrush current management strategy or to
precisely control how fast a load IC is turned on. The ZL8101
gives the system designer several options for precisely and
independently controlling both the delay and ramp time periods.
The soft-start delay period begins when the EN pin is asserted
and ends when the delay time expires. The soft-start delay period
is set using the SS pin.
The soft-start ramp timer enables a precisely controlled ramp to
the nominal VOUT value that begins once the delay period has
expired. The ramp-up is guaranteed monotonic and its slope may
be precisely set using the SS pin.
The soft-start delay and ramp times can be set to standard
values according to Table 6.
TABLE 5. ZL8101 START-UP SEQUENCE
STEP #
STEP NAME
DESCRIPTION
TIME DURATION
1
Power Applied
Input voltage is applied to the ZL8101’s VDD pin
2
Internal Memory Check
3
Multi-mode Pin Check
The device will check for values stored in its internal memory. This step Approx 5ms to 10ms (device will
is also performed after a Restore command.
ignore an enable signal or PMBus
traffic during this period)
The device loads values configured by the multi-mode pins.
4
Device Ready
The device is ready to accept an enable signal.
5
Pre-ramp Delay
The device requires approximately 2ms following an enable signal and Approximately 2ms
prior to ramping its output. Additional pre-ramp delay may be
configured using the Delay pins.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Depends on input supply ramp time
-
Page 15 of 36
ZL8101
.
TABLE 6. SOFT-START RAMP SETTINGS
RSS
(kΩ)
SS DELAY
(ms)
SS RAMP
(ms)
LOW
2
2
OPEN
5
5
HIGH
10
10
10
11
UVLO
(V)
ZL8101
4.5
SS
2
2
RSS
5
12.1
10
13.3
2
FIGURE 10. SS PIN RESISTOR CONNECTIONS
5
If the desired soft-start delay and ramp times are not one of the
values listed in Table 6, the times can be set to a custom value via the
I2C/SMBus interface. When the SS delay time is set to 0ms, the
device will begin its ramp after the internal circuitry has initialized
(~2ms). The soft-start ramp period may be set to values less than
2ms, however it is generally recommended to set the soft-start ramp
to a value greater than 500µs to prevent inadvertent fault conditions
due to excessive inrush current.
14.7
16.2
5
17.8
10
20
19.6
2
21.5
5
23.7
10
26.1
10
20
28.7
2
31.6
5
34.8
20
38.3
2
5
2
56.2
10
20
61.9
2
68.1
5
5
10
82.5
20
90.9
2
100
110
10
121
10
20
2
147
5
178
10.8
5
133
162
The ZL8101 provides a Power-Good (PG) signal that indicates the
output voltage is within a specified tolerance of its target level
and no fault condition exists. By default, the PG pin will assert if
the output is within -10%/+15% of the target voltage. These
limits and the polarity of the pin may be changed via the
I2C/SMBus interface. See Application Note AN2033 for details.
10
42.2
75
Power-Good
20
46.4
51.1
4.5
20
10
20
Note that when Auto Compensation is enabled, the minimum
TON_DELAY is 5ms.
A PG delay period is defined as the time from when all conditions
within the ZL8101 for asserting PG are met, to when the PG pin
is actually asserted. This feature is commonly used instead of
using an external reset controller to control external digital logic.
By default, the ZL8101 PG delay is set equal to the soft-start
ramp time setting. Therefore, if the soft-start ramp time is set to
10ms, the PG delay will be set to 10ms. The PG delay may be set
independently of the soft-start ramp using the I2C/SMBus as
described in Application Note AN2033.
Switching Frequency and PLL
The ZL8101 incorporates an internal phase-locked loop (PLL) to
clock the internal circuitry. The PLL can be driven by an external
clock source connected to the SYNC pin. When using the internal
oscillator, the SYNC pin can be configured as a clock source for
other Zilker Labs devices.
The SYNC pin is a unique pin that can perform multiple functions
depending on how it is configured.
The value of this resistor is measured upon start-up or Restore
and will not change if the resistor is varied after power has been
applied to the ZL8101. See Figure 10 for typical connections
using resistors.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 16 of 36
ZL8101
CONFIGURATION A: SYNC OUTPUT
When the SYNC pin is configured as an output, the device will run
from its internal oscillator and will drive the resulting internal
oscillator signal (preset to 400kHz) onto the SYNC pin so other
devices can be synchronized to it. The SYNC pin will not be checked
for an incoming clock signal while in this mode. This mode is only
available using the I2C/SMBus as described in Application Note
AN2033.
CONFIGURATION B: SYNC INPUT
When the SYNC pin is configured as an input, the device will
automatically check for a clock signal on the SYNC pin each time
EN is asserted. The ZL8101’s oscillator will then synchronize with
the rising edge of the external clock. The internal clock must be
configured to the nearest available frequency to the external
clock, to minimize output perturbations if the external clock is
lost.
The incoming clock signal must be in the range of 200kHz to
1.4MHz and must be stable when the enable pin is asserted. The
clock signal must also exhibit the necessary performance
requirements (see the “Electrical Specifications” table beginning
on page 6). In the event of a loss of the external clock signal, the
output voltage may show transient over/undershoot.
If this happens, the ZL8101 will automatically switch to its
internal oscillator and switch at a frequency close to the previous
incoming frequency. This mode is only available using the
ZL8101
ZL8101
Logic
High
SYNC
SYNC
200kHz to 1.33MHz
SYNC = Output
Open
Logic
Low
ZL8101
ZL8101
SYNC
SYNC
200kHz to 1.33MHz
SYNC = Input or
Auto Detect
R26
FIGURE 11. SYNC PIN CONFIGURATIONS
I2C/SMBus as described in Application Note AN2033.
SYNC AUTO DETECT
When the SYNC pin is configured in auto detect mode, the device
will automatically check for a clock signal on the SYNC pin after
enable is asserted.
If a clock signal is present, The ZL8101’s oscillator will then
synchronize the rising edge of the external clock.
If no incoming clock signal is present, the ZL8101 will configure
the switching frequency according to the state of the SYNC pin as
listed in Table 7. In this mode, the ZL8101 will only read the
SYNC pin connection during the start-up sequence. Changes to
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
SYNC pin connections will not affect fSW until the power (VDD) is
cycled off and on.
TABLE 7. SWITCHING FREQUENCY SELECTION
SYNC PIN
FREQUENCY
LOW
200kHz
OPEN
400kHz
HIGH
1MHz
Resistor
See Table 8
If the user desires to configure other frequencies not listed in
Table 7, the switching frequency can also be set to any value
between 200kHz and 1.33MHz using the I2C/SMBus interface. The
available frequencies below 1.4MHz are defined by fSW = 8MHz/N,
where 6 N 40. See Application Note AN2033 for details.
If a value other than fSW = 8MHz/N is entered using a PMBus
command, the internal circuitry will select the switching
frequency value using N as a whole number to achieve a value
close to the entered value. For example, if 810kHz is entered, the
device will select 800kHz (N = 10).
TABLE 8. RSYNC RESISTOR VALUES
RSYNC
(kΩ)
fSW
(kHz)
10
200
11
222
12.1
242
13.3
267
14.7
296
16.2
320
17.8
364
19.6
400
21.5
421
23.7
471
26.1
533
28.7
571
31.6
615
34.8
727
38.3
800
46.4
889
51.1
1000
56.2
1143
68.1
1333
When multiple Zilker Labs devices are used together, connecting
the SYNC pins together will force all devices to synchronize with
each other. One of the devices must be configured as a Sync
source and the remaining devices must be configured as a Sync
input. The I2C/SMBus must be used to configure the Sync Pin.
Page 17 of 36
ZL8101
Note: The switching frequency read back using the appropriate
PMBus command will differ slightly from the selected values in
Table 8. The difference is due to hardware quantization.
Power Train Component Selection
The ZL8101 is a synchronous buck converter that uses external
Driver, MOSFETs, inductor and capacitors to perform the power
conversion process. The proper selection of the external
components is critical for optimized performance.
To select the appropriate external components for the desired
performance goals, the power supply requirements listed in
Table 9 must be known.
TABLE 9. POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETER
RANGE
EXAMPLE VALUE
Input voltage (VIN)
4.5V to 14.0V
12V
Output voltage (VOUT)
0.6V to 3.6V
1.2V
Output current (IOUT)
0A to ~25A
20A
Output voltage ripple
(VORIP)
< 3% of VOUT
1% of VOUT
< IO
50% of IO
Output load step rate
-
10A/µs
Output deviation due to load step
-
±50mV
+120°C
+85°C
-
85%
Various
Optimize for small size
Output load step (IOSTEP)
Maximum PCB temp.
Desired efficiency
Other considerations
DESIGN GOAL TRADE-OFFS
The design of the buck power stage requires several
compromises among size, efficiency, and cost. The inductor core
loss increases with frequency, so there is a trade-off between a
small output filter made possible by a higher switching frequency
and getting better power supply efficiency. Size can be decreased
by increasing the switching frequency at the expense of
efficiency. Cost can be minimized by using through-hole
inductors and capacitors; however these components are
physically large.
To start the design, select a switching frequency based on
Table 10. This frequency is a starting point and may be adjusted
as the design progresses.
TABLE 10. CIRCUIT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FREQUENCY RANGE
EFFICIENCY
CIRCUIT SIZE
200kHz to 400kHz
Highest
Larger
400kHz to 800kHz
Moderate
Smaller
800kHz to 1.4MHz
Lower
Smallest
DRIVER SELECTION
The ZL8101 requires an external driver, the recommended
2-input companion driver is the ZL1505 with integrated 30V
bootstrap Schottky diode. The ZL1505 has independent PWMH
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
and PWML inputs to take advantage of the dynamic dead-time
control on the ZL8101.
The ZL8101 can be used with other driver devices, like the
ISL6611 Phase Doubler Driver and several DrMOS type drivers.
Please check with Intersil if you are not sure about compatibility.
INDUCTOR SELECTION
The output inductor selection process must include several
trade-offs. A high inductance value will result in a low ripple
current (Iopp), which will reduce output capacitance and produce
a low output ripple voltage, but may also compromise output
transient load performance. Therefore, a balance must be struck
between output ripple and optimal load transient performance. A
good starting point is to select the output inductor ripple equal to
the expected load transient step magnitude (Iostep):
I opp I ostep
(EQ. 2)
Now the output inductance can be calculated using Equation 3,
where VINM is the maximum input voltage:
LOUT
V
VOUT 1 OUT
VINM
f sw I opp
(EQ. 3)
The average inductor current is equal to the maximum output
current. The peak inductor current (ILpk) is calculated using
Equation 4 where IOUT is the maximum output current:
I Lpk I OUT
I opp
(EQ. 4)
2
Select an inductor rated for the average DC current with a peak
current rating above the peak current computed in Equation 4.
In overcurrent or short-circuit conditions, the inductor may have
currents greater than 2X the normal maximum rated output
current. It is desirable to use an inductor that still provides some
inductance to protect the load and the MOSFETs from damaging
currents in this situation.
Once an inductor is selected, the DCR and core losses in the
inductor are calculated. Use the DCR specified in the inductor
manufacturer’s datasheet.
PLDCR DCR I Lrms
2
(EQ. 5)
ILrms is given by Equation 6:
I
2
2
I Lrms I OUT
opp
(EQ. 6)
12
where IOUT is the maximum output current. Next, calculate the
core loss of the selected inductor. Since this calculation is
specific to each inductor and manufacturer, refer to the chosen
inductor datasheet. Add the core loss and the ESR loss and
compare the total loss to the maximum power dissipation
recommendation in the inductor datasheet.
Page 18 of 36
ZL8101
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
QL SELECTION
Several trade-offs must also be considered when selecting an
output capacitor. Low ESR values are needed to have a small
output deviation during transient load steps (Vosag) and low
output voltage ripple (Vorip). However, capacitors with low ESR,
such as semi-stable (X5R and X7R) dielectric ceramic capacitors,
also have relatively low capacitance values. Many designs can
use a combination of high capacitance devices and low ESR
devices in parallel.
The bottom MOSFET should be selected primarily based on the
device’s rDS(ON) and secondarily based on its gate charge. To
choose QL, use Equation 11 and allow 2% to 5% of the output
power to be dissipated in the rDS(ON) of QL (lower output voltages
and higher step-down ratios will be closer to 5%):
For high ripple currents, a low capacitance value can cause a
significant amount of output voltage ripple. Likewise, in high
transient load steps, a relatively large amount of capacitance is
needed to minimize the output voltage deviation while the
inductor current ramps up or down to the new steady state
output current value.
As a starting point, apportion one-half of the output ripple
voltage to the capacitor ESR and the other half to capacitance, as
shown in Equations 7 and 8:
I opp
C OUT
8 f sw
ESR
(EQ. 7)
Vorip
2
(EQ. 8)
2 I opp
Use these values to make an initial capacitor selection, using a
single capacitor or several capacitors in parallel.
After a capacitor has been selected, the resulting output voltage
ripple can be calculated using Equation 9:
I opp
8 f sw C OUT
(EQ. 9)
Because each part of this equation was made to be less than or
equal to half of the allowed output ripple voltage, the Vorip should
be less than the desired maximum output ripple.
INPUT CAPACITOR
It is highly recommended that dedicated input capacitors be
used in any point-of-load design, even when the supply is
powered from a heavily filtered 5V or 12V “bulk” supply from an
off-line power supply. This is because of the high RMS ripple
current that is drawn by the buck converter topology. This ripple
(ICINrms) can be determined from Equation 10:
I CINrms I OUT D (1 D)
(EQ. 10)
Without capacitive filtering near the power supply circuit, this
current would flow through the supply bus and return planes,
coupling noise into other system circuitry. The input capacitors
should be rated at 1.2X the ripple current calculated above to
avoid overheating of the capacitors due to the high ripple current,
which can cause premature failure. Ceramic capacitors with X7R
or X5R dielectric with low ESR and 1.1X the maximum expected
input voltage are recommended.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
(EQ. 11)
Calculate the RMS current in QL as follows:
I botrms I Lrms 1 D
(EQ. 12)
Calculate the desired maximum rDS(ON) as follows:
RDS ( ON )
PQL
I botrms 2
(EQ. 13)
Note that the rDS(ON) given in the manufacturer’s datasheet is
measured at +25°C. The actual rDS(ON) in the end-use application
will be much higher. For example, a Vishay Si7114 MOSFET with
a junction temperature of +125°C has an rDS(ON) that is 1.4
times higher than the value at +25°C. Select a candidate
MOSFET, and calculate the required gate drive current as follows:
I g f SW Qg
Vorip
Vorip I opp ESR
PQL 0.05 VOUT I OUT
(EQ. 14)
Keep in mind that the total allowed gate drive current for both QH
and QL is 80mA.
MOSFETs with lower rDS(ON) tend to have higher gate charge
requirements, which increases the current and resulting power
required to turn them on and off. Since the MOSFET gate drive
circuits are integrated in the ZL1505, this power is dissipated in
the ZL1505 according to Equation 15:
PQL f sw Qg VINM
(EQ. 15)
QH SELECTION
In addition to the rDS(ON) loss and gate charge loss, QH also has
switching loss. The procedure to select QH is similar to the
procedure for QL. First, assign 2% to 5% of the output power to
be dissipated in the rDS(ON) of QH using the Equation 11 for QL.
As was done with QL, calculate the RMS current as follows:
I toprms I Lrms D
(EQ. 16)
Calculate a starting rDS(ON) as follows, in this example using 5%:
PQH 0.05 VOUT I OUT
RDS ( ON )
I
PQH
2
toprms
(EQ. 17)
(EQ. 18)
Select a MOSFET and calculate the resulting gate drive current.
Verify that the combined gate drive current from QL and QH does
not exceed 80mA.
Page 19 of 36
ZL8101
Next, calculate the switching time using Equation 19:
t SW
Qg
(EQ. 19)
I gdr
where Qg is the gate charge of the selected QH and Igdr is the
peak gate drive current available from the ZL1505.
Although the ZL1505 has a typical gate drive current of 3.2A, use
the minimum guaranteed current of 2A for a conservative
design. Using the calculated switching time, calculate the
switching power loss in QH using Equation 20:
Pswtop VINM t sw I OUT f sw
(EQ. 20)
The total power dissipated by QH is given by Equation 21:
PQHtot PQH Pswtop
(EQ. 21)
Once the power dissipations for QH and QL have been calculated,
the MOSFET’s junction temperature can be estimated. Using the
junction-to-case thermal resistance (Rth) given in the MOSFET
manufacturer’s datasheet and the expected maximum printed
circuit board temperature, calculate the junction temperature as
shown in Equation 22:
T j max T pcb PQ Rth
(EQ. 22)
Once the current sense method has been selected (refer to
“Current Limit Threshold Selection” on page 22), the components
are selected as follows.
When using the inductor DCR sensing method, the user must
also select an R/C network comprised of R1 and CL (see
Figure 12).
Vin
L1
Vout
COUT
R1
PWML
CL
L
R1min DCR
(EQ. 24)
(EQ. 25)
and choose the next-lowest readily available value (e.g., for
CL-max = 1.86µF, CL = 1.5µF is a good choice). Then substitute
the chosen value into the same equation and re-calculate the
value of R1. Choose the 1% resistor standard value closest to this
re-calculated value of R1. The error due to the mismatch of the
two time constants is:
R1 C L DCR
100%
Lavg
(EQ. 26)
Current Limit Threshold Selection
It is recommended that the user include a current limiting
mechanism in their design to protect the power supply from
damage and prevent excessive current from being drawn from
the input supply in the event that the output is shorted to ground
or an overload condition is imposed on the output. Current
limiting is accomplished by sensing the current through the
circuit during a portion of the duty cycle.
Output current sensing can be accomplished by measuring the
voltage across a series resistive sensing element according to
Equation 27:
V LIM I LIM RSENSE
ISENA
ISENB
2
where PR1pkg-max is the maximum power dissipation
specification for the resistor package and P is the derating factor
for the same parameter (e.g.: PR1pkg-max = 0.0625W for 0603
package, P = 50% @ +85°C). Once R1-min has been calculated,
solve for the maximum value of CL from Equation 25:
1
CURRENT SENSING COMPONENTS
Driver
D VIN max VOUT 1 D VOUT
PR1 pkg max P
2
R1min
C Lmax
MOSFET THERMAL CHECK
PWMH
The value of R1 should be as small as feasible and no greater
than 5kΩ for best signal-to-noise ratio. The designer should make
sure the resistor package size is appropriate for the power
dissipated and include this loss in efficiency calculations. In
calculating the minimum value of R1, the average voltage across
CL (which is the average IOUT DCR product) is small and can be
neglected. Therefore, the minimum value of R1 may be
approximated by Equation 24:
(EQ. 27)
Where:
FIGURE 12. DCR CURRENT SENSING
ILIM is the desired maximum current that should flow in the circuit
For the voltage across CL to reflect the voltage across the DCR of
the inductor, the time constant of the inductor must match the
time constant of the RC network. That is:
RC L / DCR
L
R1 C L
DCR
(EQ. 23)
For L, use the average of the nominal value and the minimum
value. Include the effects of tolerance, DC Bias and switching
frequency on the inductance when determining the minimum
value of L. Use the typical value for DCR.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
RSENSE is the resistance of the sensing element
VLIM is the voltage across the sensing element at the point the
circuit should start limiting the output current.
The ZL8101 supports “lossless” current sensing, by measuring
the voltage across a resistive element that is already present in
the circuit. This eliminates additional efficiency losses incurred
by devices that must use an additional series resistance in the
circuit.
To set the current limit threshold, the user must first select a
current sensing method. The ZL8101 incorporates inductor DC
Page 20 of 36
ZL8101
resistance (DCR) sensing; Figure 12 shows a simplified
schematic for DCR method. rDS(ON) method is not supported.
Advanced ILIM pinstrapping options are not available for the
ZL8101. However, all current limit and fault response options are
available when using I2C/SMBus interface and configuration file.
The blanking time represents the time when no current
measurement is taken. This is to avoid taking a reading just after
a coincident switching edge (less accurate due to potential
ringing). Blanking time is a configurable parameter.
TABLE 12. PIN #9 (FC) AUTO COMPENSATION MODE (Continued)
RFC
(kΩ)
STORE VALUES
10
Not Stored
11
Store in Flash
12.1
Not Stored
13.3
Store in Flash
14.7
Not Stored
16.2
Store in Flash
SINGLE/
REPEAT
Repeat
1s
Not Stored
19.6
Store in Flash
TABLE 11. FACTORY DEFAULT ILIM CONFIGURATION
OPEN
Not Stored
HIGH/
21.5
Store in Flash
Single
23.7
Not Stored
26.1
Store in Flash
Repeat
1min
28.7
Not Stored
31.6
Store in Flash
34.8
Not Stored
38.3
Store in Flash
42.2
Not Stored
46.4
Store in Flash
51.1
Not Stored
56.2
Store in Flash
61.9
Not Stored
68.1
Store in Flash
75
Not Stored
82.5
Store in Flash
90.9
Not Stored
100
Store in Flash
110
Not Stored
121
Store in Flash
133
Not Stored
147
Store in Flash
162
Not Stored
178
Store in Flash
Output-referenced,
down-slope sensing
(Inductor DCR sensing)
Blanking time: 480ns
7
50
50
The user must select the voltage threshold (VLIM), the desired
current limit threshold, and the resistance of the sensing
element.
The current limit threshold must be set to a custom value via the
I2C/SMBus interface. Please refer to Application Note AN2033
for further details.
Loop Compensation
The ZL8101 has an auto compensation feature that measures
the characteristics of the power train and calculates the proper
tap coefficients. Auto compensation is configured using the FC
pin as shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12. PIN #9 (FC) AUTO COMPENSATION MODE
RFC
(kΩ)
STORE VALUES
LOW
OPEN
HIGH
SINGLE/
REPEAT
PG
ASSERT
AUTO COMP
GAIN
Auto Comp Disabled
Not Stored
Store in Flash
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Single
Single
After Auto
Comp
After Auto
Comp
100%
After Auto
Comp
Single
17.8
CURRENT LIMITING
CONFIGURATION
AUTO COMP
GAIN
Single
ZL8101 provides an adjustable maximum full scale sensing
range. The available ranges are 25mV, 35mV and 50mV using
the I2C/SMBus interface or a configuration file. Table 11 lists the
factory default value for the current limit function.
MAXIMUM
CURRENT
NUMBER OF CURRENT LIMIT
VIOLATIONS THRESHOLD VLIM SENSING RANGE
(mV)
ALLOWED
(mV)
PG
ASSERT
Repeat
1s
After PG
Delay
100%
After Auto
Comp
Single
Repeat
1min
After PG
Delay
Single
Repeat
1s
After Auto
Comp
Single
Repeat
1s
After PG
Delay
50%
Single
Repeat
1min
After Auto
Comp
Single
Repeat
1min
After PG
Delay
Page 21 of 36
ZL8101
When auto compensation is enabled, the routine can be set to
execute one time after ramp or periodically while regulating.
Note that the Auto Compensation feature requires a minimum
TON_DELAY as described in "Soft-Start Delay and Ramp Times"
on page 16.
If the device is configured to store auto comp values, the
calculated compensation values will be saved in the Auto Comp
Store and may be read back through the PID_TAPS command. If
repeat mode is enabled, the first Auto Comp results after the first
ramp will be stored; the values calculated periodically are not
stored in the Auto Comp Store. When compensation values are
saved in the Auto Comp Store, the device will use those
compensation values on subsequent ramps. In repeat mode, the
latest Auto Comp results will always be used during operation.
Stored Auto Comp results can only be cleared by disabling Auto
Comp Store, which is not permitted while the output is enabled.
However, sending the AUTOCOMP_CONTROL command while
enabled in Store mode will cause the next results to be stored,
overwriting previously stored values. If auto compensation is
disabled, the device will use the compensation parameters that
are stored in the DEFAULT_STORE or USER_STORE.
If the PG Assert parameter is set to "Use PG Delay," PG will be
asserted according to the POWER_GOOD_DELAY command.
When Auto Comp is enabled, the user must not program a
Power-Good Delay that will expire before the ramp is finished. If
PG Assert is set to "After Auto Comp," PG will be asserted
immediately after the first Auto Comp cycle completes
(POWER_GOOD_DELAY will be ignored). The Auto Comp Gain
control scales the Auto Comp results to allow a trade-off between
transient response and steady-state duty cycle jitter. A setting of
100% will provide the fastest transient response while a setting
of 10% will produce the lowest jitter. Note that if Auto Comp is
enabled, for best results Vin must be stable before Auto Comp
begins, as shown in Equation 28. The auto compensation
function can also be configured via the AUTO_COMP_CONFIG
command and controlled using the AUTO_COMP_CONTROL
command over the I2C/SMBus interface. Please refer to
Application Note AN2033 for further details.
Vin
100%
--------------------- in% --------------------------------------Vin Nom
256 Vout
1 + ----------------------------Vin Nom
output to decrease. The ZL8101 has been pre-configured with
appropriate NLR settings that correspond to the loop
compensation settings in Table 13.
Efficiency Optimized Driver Dead-time
Control
The ZL8101 utilizes a closed loop algorithm to optimize the
dead-time applied between the gate drive signals for the top and
bottom FETs. In a synchronous buck converter, the MOSFET drive
circuitry must be designed such that the top and bottom
MOSFETs are never in the conducting state at the same time.
Potentially damaging currents flow in the circuit if both top and
bottom MOSFETs are simultaneously on for periods of time
exceeding a few nanoseconds. Conversely, long periods of time in
which both MOSFETs are off reduce overall circuit efficiency by
allowing current to flow in their parasitic body diodes.
It is therefore advantageous to minimize this dead-time to provide
optimum circuit efficiency. In the first order model of a buck
converter, the duty cycle is determined by Equation 29:
D
VOUT
VIN
(EQ. 29)
However, non-idealities exist that cause the real duty cycle to
extend beyond the ideal. Dead-time is one of those non-idealities
that can be manipulated to improve efficiency. The ZL8101 has
an internal algorithm that constantly adjusts dead-time
non-overlap to minimize duty cycle, thus maximizing efficiency.
This circuit will null out dead-time differences due to component
variation, temperature, and loading effects.
This algorithm is independent of application circuit parameters
such as MOSFET type, gate driver delays, rise and fall times and
circuit layout.
In addition, it does not require drive or MOSFET voltage or current
waveform measurements.
(EQ. 28)
Non-linear Response (NLR) Settings
The ZL8101 incorporates a non-linear response (NLR) loop that
decreases the response time and the output voltage deviation in
the event of a sudden output load current step. The NLR loop
incorporates a secondary error signal processing path that
bypasses the primary error loop when the output begins to
transition outside of the standard regulation limits. This scheme
results in a higher equivalent loop bandwidth than what is
possible using a traditional linear loop.
When a load current step function imposed on the output causes
the output voltage to drop below the lower regulation limit, the
NLR circuitry will force a positive correction signal that will turn
on the upper MOSFET and quickly force the output to increase.
Conversely, a negative load step (i.e., removing a large load
current) will cause the NLR circuitry to force a negative correction
signal that will turn on the lower MOSFET and quickly force the
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 22 of 36
ZL8101
TABLE 13. PIN-STRAP SETTINGS FOR LOOP COMPENSATION
NLR
fn RANGE
fsw/60 < fn < fsw/30
Off
fsw/120 < fn < fsw/60
fsw/240 < fn < fsw/120
fsw/60 < fn < fsw/30
On
fsw/120 < fn < fsw/60
fsw/240 < fn < fsw/120
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
fzesr RANGE
FC PIN
(kΩ)
fzesr > fsw/10
10
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
11
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
12.1
fzesr > fsw/10
13.3
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
14.7
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
16.2
fzesr > fsw/10
17.8
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
19.6
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
21.5
fzesr > fsw/10
23.7
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
26.1
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
28.7
fzesr > fsw/10
31.6
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
34.8
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
38.3
fzesr > fsw/10
42.2
fsw/10 > fzesr > fsw/30
46.4
fsw/30 > fzesr > fsw/60
51.1
Page 23 of 36
ZL8101
Adaptive Diode Emulation
Most power converters use synchronous rectification to optimize
efficiency over a wide range of input and output conditions.
However, at light loads the synchronous MOSFET will typically
sink current and introduce additional energy losses associated
with higher peak inductor currents, resulting in reduced
efficiency. Adaptive diode emulation mode turns off the low-side
FET gate drive at low load currents to prevent the inductor current
from going negative, reducing the energy losses and increasing
overall efficiency. Diode emulation is available to single-phase
devices only.
Note: the overall bandwidth of the device may be reduced when in
diode emulation mode. It is recommended that diode emulation is
disabled prior to applying significant load steps.
Power Management Functional
Description
Input Undervoltage Lockout
The input undervoltage lockout (UVLO) prevents the ZL8101 from
operating when the input falls below a preset threshold,
indicating the input supply is out of its specified range. The UVLO
threshold (VUVLO) can be set between 4.5V and 10.8V using the
SS pin. The simplest implementation is to connect the SS pin as
shown in Table 6.
1. Initiate an immediate shutdown until the fault has been
cleared. The user can select a specific number of retry
attempts.
2. Turn off the high-side MOSFET and turn on the low-side
MOSFET. The low-side MOSFET remains ON until the device
attempts a restart.
The default response from an overvoltage fault is to immediately
shut down. The device will continuously check for the presence of
the fault condition, and when the fault condition no longer exists
the device will be re-enabled.
For continuous overvoltage protection when operating from an
external clock, the only allowed response is an immediate
shutdown.
Refer to AN2033 for details on how to select specific overvoltage
fault response options.
Output Pre-Bias Protection
An output pre-bias condition exists when an externally applied
voltage is present on a power supply’s output before the power
supply’s control IC is enabled. After enable is asserted the output
voltage is sampled and the initial pulse width is set to match the
existing pre-bias voltage and both drivers become active. The
output voltage is then ramped to the target output voltage value
at a rate equal to the configured TRISE.
The UVLO voltage can also be set to any value between 2.85V
and 16V via the I2C/SMBus interface.
EN
Once an input undervoltage fault condition occurs, the device
can respond in a number of ways as follows:
DRVCTL
1. Continue operating without interruption.
2. Continue operating for a given delay period, followed by
shutdown if the fault still exists. The device will remain in
shutdown until instructed to restart.
3. Initiate an immediate shutdown until the fault has been
cleared. The user can select a specific number of retry
attempts.
The default response from a UVLO fault is an immediate
shutdown of the device. The device will continuously check for
the presence of the fault condition. If the fault condition is no
longer present, the ZL8101 will be re-enabled.
Please refer to Application Note AN2033 for details on how to
configure the UVLO threshold or to select specific UVLO fault
response options via the I2C/SMBus interface.
Output Overvoltage Protection
The ZL8101 offers an internal output overvoltage protection
circuit that can be used to protect sensitive load circuitry from
being subjected to a voltage higher than its prescribed limits. A
hardware comparator is used to compare the actual output
voltage (seen at the VSEN pin) to a threshold set to 15% higher
than the target output voltage (the default setting). If the VSEN
voltage exceeds this threshold, the PG pin will de-assert and the
device can then respond in a number of ways as follows:
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
tdED
PWMH
VOUT
Prebias
tON_DELAY
tRISE
FIGURE 13. TURN-ON INTO PRE-BIAS
When using single input drivers or DrMOS devices the pre-bias is
accommodated with the Tri-State PWMH and DRVCTL outputs.
When DRVCTL is deasserted the control and Sync FET gates are
active low. When DRVCTL is asserted PWMH becomes tri-state
and both FET gates remain active low. After the configured
tON_DELAY PWMH is adjusted to match the pre-bias voltage and
VOUT will begin ramping from the pre-bias value. See Figure 13.
When powering down into a pre-bias VOUT is driven to 0V at a
rate equal to the configured Tfall. After the tri-state delay
(3S_delay) PWMH becomes tri-stated and VOUT will transition
towards the pre-bias voltage. After the tri-state delay off period
(tdOFF) DRVCTL de-asserts coincidently with PWMH going active
low. Both the Control and Sync FET will be active low and VOUT
will ramp towards the pre-bias voltage. See Figure 14.
Minimum Duty Cycle
The ZL8101 is capable of producing output pulses as small as
5ns, however external drivers are not capable of pulses smaller
then their minimum processing requirement. The minimum
Page 24 of 36
ZL8101
required pulse width is often specified in the product data sheet.
If the external driver is presented with pulse(s) below the
minimum requirement the control pulse will not be processed
and the gate- high output pulse will not be present. The driver will
still deliver a complementary Gate-Low pulse. If a pre-bias is
present the output will discharge towards zero until the PWM
input is wide enough to meet the minimum required by the
driver, this affect is shown in Figure 15.
EN
VOUT
Prebias
tOFF_DELAY
tFALL
DRVCTL
tdOFF
tri-state
PWMH
3S_delay
PWMH
USER_CONFIG
Disabled
0x00xx
2
0x40xx
4
0x80xx
6
0xC0xx
8
0x20xx
10
0x60xx
12
0xA0xx
14
0xE0xx
2. Initiate a shutdown and attempt to restart a preset number of
times with a preset delay period between attempts.
3. Continue operating for a given delay period, followed by
shutdown if the fault still exists.
G_LO
FIGURE 15. INITIAL PWM BELOW MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
To ensure that PWM pulses below the required minimum are not
produced enable the Minimum Duty Cycle feature located within
the USER_CONFIG field and select the option that is slightly
above the minimum value required by the driver. The actual
minimum duty cycle time is given by EQ 30.
(EQ. 30)
N = Minimum Duty Cycle Count
Tsw = Period of Switching Frequency
MinDuty = Minimum Duty Cycle Time
The Minimum Duty Cycle parameter is also required to be set
when configuring current sharing, enabling minimum a
minimum duty cycle ensures that each controller produces a
known initial pulse which helps balance inter-phase currents
during ramps. Configure the minimum duty cycle to be slightly
above the value specified in the driver data sheet.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
MINIMUM DUTY COUNT
1. Initiate a shutdown and attempt to restart an infinite number
of times with a preset delay period between attempts.
Missing
Gate
Pulses
Tsw
MinDuty = N ----------256
MINIMUM DUTY CYCLE
The ZL8101 can protect the power supply from damage if the
output is shorted to ground or if an overload condition is imposed
on the output. Once the current limit threshold has been selected
(see “Current Limit Threshold Selection” on page 20), the user
may determine the desired course of action in response to the
fault condition. The following overcurrent protection response
options are available:
Prebias
G_HI
TABLE 14. USER_CONFIG MIN DUTY HEX VALUES
Output Overcurrent Protection
FIGURE 14. TURN_OFF WITH PRE_BIAS
VOUT
The Minimum Duty Cycle parameter is part of the USER_CONFIG
field and is comprised of the last 3 MSB’s. The range of
configurable values is shown below in Table 14.
4. Continue operating through the fault (this could result in
permanent damage to the power supply).
5. Initiate an immediate shutdown.
The default response from an overcurrent fault is an immediate
shutdown of the device. The device will continuously check for
the presence of the fault condition, and if the fault condition no
longer exists the device will be re-enabled.
Refer to AN2033 for details on how to select specific overcurrent
fault response options.
Thermal Overload Protection
The ZL8101 includes an on-chip thermal sensor that
continuously measures the internal temperature of the die and
shuts down the device when the temperature exceeds the preset
limit. The default temperature limit is set to +125°C in the
factory, but the user may set the limit to a different value if
desired. See Application Note AN2033 for details. Note that
setting a higher thermal limit via the I2C/SMBus interface may
result in permanent damage to the device. Once the device has
been disabled due to an internal temperature fault, the user may
select one of several fault response options as follows:
Page 25 of 36
ZL8101
1. Initiate a shutdown and attempt to restart an infinite number
of times with a preset delay period between attempts.
SDA
SCL
2. Initiate a shutdown and attempt to restart a preset number of
times with a preset delay period between attempts.
SCL
SDA
ZL8101
SW
3. Continue operating for a given delay period, followed by
shutdown if the fault still exists.
REFERENCE
4. Continue operating through the fault (this could result in
permanent damage to the power supply).
5. Initiate an immediate shutdown.
VOUT_R
MEMBER
Cout_R
- Track at 100% VOUT limited. Member rail tracks the
reference rail and stops when the member reaches its
configured target voltage. Figure 18 A.
- Track at 100% VTRK limited. Member rail tracks the
reference at the instantaneous voltage value applied to the
VTRK pin. Figure 18 B.
2. Ratiometric. This mode configures the ZL8101 to ramp its
output voltage as a percentage of the voltage applied to the
VTRK pin. The default setting is 50%, but an external resistor
may be used to configure a different tracking ratio.
High performance systems place stringent demands on the order
in which the power supply voltages are turned on. This is
particularly true when powering FPGAs, ASICs, and other
advanced processor devices that require multiple supply voltages
to power a single die. In most cases, the I/O interface operates at
a higher voltage than the core and therefore the core supply
voltage must not exceed the I/O supply voltage according to the
manufacturers' specifications. Voltage tracking protects these
sensitive ICs by limiting the differential voltage among multiple
power supplies during the power-up and power-down sequence.
Ton Dly
HW_EN
~
~
TRACK @ 100% VOUT LIMITED
VREF > VMEM
VREF
Voltage tracking can be configured by pin-strapping or PMBus, an
example of each configuration is shown in Figures 16 and 17.
~
~
- Track at 50% VOUT limited. Member rail tracks the reference
rail and stops when the member reaches 50% of the
reference’s target voltage, Table 15.
- Track at 50% VTRK limited. Member rail tracks the
reference at the instantaneous voltage value applied to the
VTRK pin until the member rail reaches 50% of the
reference rail voltage, or if the member is configured to less
than 50% of the reference the member will achieve its
configured target, Table 15.
The ZL8101 integrates a lossless tracking scheme that allows its
output to track a voltage that is applied to the VTRK pin with no
extra components required. The VTRK pin is an analog input that,
when tracking mode is enabled, configures the voltage applied to
the VTRK pin to act as a reference for the device’s output
regulation.
VMEM
VREF = 1.8V
VMEM = 0.9V
Toff Dly
0
COUT_R1
EN
ZL8101
VTRK
SW
MEMBER
SS
R2
EN
VOUT_MEM
L2
A. TRACK @ 100% VTRK LIMITED
VREF > VMEM
VREF
Ton Dly
COUT_M1
~
~
L1
SW
REFERENCE
SS
Cout_M
1. Coincident. This mode configures the ZL8101 to ramp its
output voltage at the same rate as the voltage applied to the
VTRK pin. Two options are available for this mode;
Voltage Tracking
VOUT_R
L2
The ZL8101 offers two modes of tracking: coincident and
ratiometric. Figure 18 and Figure 19 illustrate the output voltage
for the two tracking modes.
The default response from a temperature fault is an immediate
shutdown of the device. The device will continuously check for
the fault condition, and once the fault has cleared the ZL8101
will be re-enabled.
EN
ZL8101
VOUT_MEM
FIGURE 17. PMBus TRACKING
If the user has configured the device to restart, the device will wait
the preset delay period (if configured to do so) and will then check
the device temperature. If the temperature has dropped below a
threshold that is approximately +15°C lower than the selected
temperature fault limit, the device will attempt to re-start. If the
temperature still exceeds the fault limit the device will wait the
preset delay period and retry again.
R1
SDA
SCL
ZL8101
SW
VTRK
L1
VMEM
VREF = 1.8V
VMEM = 1.8V
Toff Dly
0
EN
B.
FIGURE 18. COINCIDENT TRACKING
FIGURE 16. PINSTRAP TRACKING
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 26 of 36
TRACK @ 50% VOUT LIMITED
VREF = 1.8V
VMEM = 0.9V VREF
~
~
Ton Dly
~
~
ZL8101
VMEM
VREF = 1.8V
VMEM = 0.9V
Toff Dly
0
EN
~
~
Configuring Tracking Groups
VMEM
VREF = 1.8V
VMEM = 0.9V
~
~
A. TRACK @ 50% VTRK LIMITED
VREF = 1.8V
VREF
VMEM = 0.9V
Ton Dly
Toff Dly
0
EN
B.
FIGURE 19. RATIOMETRIC TRACKING
Tracking with Autocomp Enabled
The ZL8101 uses a unique ramping algorithm that results in near
perfect tracking while ramping. This is accomplished by deriving
different compensator coefficients for ramping than those used
for steady-state operation. The ramp compensation is derived
from the configured rise/fall time, VIN, and VOUT. While ramping
the loop bandwidth is intentionally set to a very low value so
response to transients will be limited. The user should limit
dynamic loading while ramping. Once the ramp has completed
the autocomp algorithm will begin and a new optimized
compensator solution will be found. If Autocomp is disabled the
controllers will switch to the configured compensator by using
the PID Taps defined in the configuration files. If Autocomp is
enabled the tracking member Rise/Fall times might need to be
adjusted slightly until the desired tracking accuracy is achieved.
For the best possible tracking accuracy disable autocomp and
manually assign PID coefficients in the configuration file.
Current Sharing and Tracking
When the ZL8101 is configured in a current sharing group and
voltage tracking mode, the VTRK pin of each sharing group
member must be tied together, and connected to the reference
rail’s VOUT node, Figure 23.
VAUX
VCC
DEV_1
Tracking
Reference
DDC
SDA
SCL
When the Auto Compensation algorithm is used the soft-start
values (Rise/Fall times) are used to calculate the loop gain used
during the turn-on/turn-off ramps. If current sharing is used
constrain the rise/fall time between 5ms and 10ms to ensure
current sharing while ramping.
Rail_1
Tracking Reference
VCC
tON _D LY(REF) = tON _D LY(MEM) + tO N_ RISE (REF) + 5ms =
tON _D LY(MEM) + 10ms
Rail_2
Current Sharing
Tracking Member
PH_1
The member device Time-Off Delay has been redefined to
describe the time that the VTRK pin will follow the reference
voltage after enable is deasserted. The delay setting sets the
timeout for the member’s output voltage to turnoff in the event
that the reference output voltage does not achieve zero volts.
The member device(s) must have a minimum Time-Off Delay of
as shown in Equation 32.
tOFF_DLY(MEM) ≥ tOFF_DLY(REF) + tOFF_FALL(REF) + 5ms
VCC
The configuration settings for Figures 18 and 19 are shown
below in Tables 15 and 16. In each case, the reference and
member rise times are set to the same value.
TABLE 15. TRACKING CONFIGURATION COINCIDENT TRACKING
VOUT tON_DLY tON_RISE tOFF_DLY tOFF_FALL
(v)
(ms)
(ms)
(ms)
(ms)
MODE
Reference 1.8
15
5
5
5
Tracking Disabled
Member 0.9
5
5
15
5
100% VOUT Limited
Reference 1.8
15
5
5
5
Tracking Disabled
Member 1.8
5
5
15
5
100% VTRK Limited
TABLE 16. TRACKING CONFIGURATION RATIOMETRIC TRACKING
Rout Cout
DEV_3
Mem.
PH_2
SYNC_In
FIGURE 20. TRACKING CURRENT SHARING RAIL
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
(EQ. 32)
All of the ENABLE pins must be connected together and driven by
a single logic source or a PMBus Broadcast Enable command
may be used.
SYNC_Out
SYNC
VTRK
(EQ. 31)
This delay allows the member device(s) to prepare their control
loops for tracking following the assertion of ENABLE.
RAIL
PH_1
DEV_2
Sharing
Reference
In a tracking group, the rail output with highest voltage is defined
as the reference device. The device(s) that track the reference is
called member device(s). The reference device will control the
ramp delay and ramp rate of all tracking devices and is not
placed in the tracking mode. The reference device is configured
to the highest output voltage for the group and all other device(s)
output voltages are meant to track and never exceed the
reference device output voltage. The reference device must be
configured to have a minimum Time-On Delay and Time-On Rise
as shown in Equation 31.
RAIL
VOUT tON_DLY tON_RISE tOFF_DLY tOFF_FALL
(v) (ms)
(ms)
(ms)
(ms)
MODE
Reference 1.8
15
5
5
5
Tracking Disabled
Member 0.9
5
5
15
5
Track 50% VOUT
Limited
Reference 1.8
15
5
5
5
Tracking Disabled
Member 1.8
5
5
15
5
Track 50% VTRK
Limited
Page 27 of 36
ZL8101
Voltage Margining
External Voltage Monitoring
The ZL8101 offers a simple means to vary its output higher or
lower than its nominal voltage setting in order to determine
whether the load device is capable of operating over its specified
supply voltage range. The MGN command is set by driving the
MGN pin or through the I2C/SMBus interface. The MGN pin is a
TTL-compatible input that is continuously monitored and can be
driven directly by a processor I/O pin or other logic-level output.
The voltage monitoring (VMON) pin is available to monitor the
voltage supply for the external driver IC. If the voltage falls below
a predefined threshold value (adjustable through a PMBus
command), the device will fault and stop sending PWM signals. A
1/16 external resistor divider is required to keep the maximum
voltage on this pin to less than 1.15V.
The ZL8101’s output will be forced higher than its nominal set
point when the MGN command is set HIGH, and the output will
be forced lower than its nominal set point when the MGN
command is set LOW. Default margin limits of VNOM ±5% are
pre-loaded in the factory, but the margin limits can be modified
through the I2C/SMBus interface to as high as VNOM + 10% or as
low as 0V, where VNOM is the nominal output voltage set point
determined by the V0 and V1 pins. A safety feature prevents the
user from configuring the output voltage to exceed VNOM + 10%
under any conditions.
The margin limits and the MGN command can both be set
individually through the I2C/SMBus interface. Additionally, the
transition rate between the nominal output voltage and either
margin limit can be configured through the I2C interface. Please
refer to Application Note AN2033 for detailed instructions on
modifying the margining configurations.
I2C/SMBus Communications
The ZL8101 provides an I2C/SMBus digital interface that enables
the user to configure all aspects of the device operation as well
as monitor the input and output parameters. The ZL8101 can be
used with any standard 2-wire I2C host device. In addition, the
device is compatible with SMBus version 2.0 and includes an
SALRT line to help mitigate bandwidth limitations related to
continuous fault monitoring. Pull-up resistors are required on the
I2C/SMBus. The ZL8101 accepts most standard PMBus
commands. When controlling the device with PMBus commands,
it is recommended that the enable pin is tied to SGND.
I2C/SMBus Device Address Selection
When communicating with multiple SMBus devices using the
I2C/SMBus interface, each device must have its own unique
address so the host can distinguish between the devices. The
device address can be set according to the pin-strap options
listed in Table 17. Address values are right-justified.
TABLE 17. TRACKING MODE CONFIGURATION
RSS
(kΩ)
UVLO
(V)
TRACKING RATIO
(%)
19.6
Limited by target voltage
21.5
100
23.7
26.1
28.7
UPPER TRACK LIMIT
Output will always follow VTRK
Limited by VTRK pin voltage
Limited by target voltage
50
34.8
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Limited by VTRK pin voltage
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
42.2
Limited by target voltage
46.4
100
51.1
61.9
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
38.3
56.2
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
4.5
31.6
RAMP-UP/RAMP-DOWN BEHAVIOR
75
82.5
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Output will always follow VTRK
Limited by VTRK pin voltage
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
10.8
68.1
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Limited by target voltage
50
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
Limited by VTRK pin voltage
Output not allowed to decrease before PG
Output will always follow VTRK
Page 28 of 36
ZL8101
TABLE 18. SMBus DEVICE ADDRESS SELECTION
SA0
SA1
LOW
OPEN
HIGH
LOW
0x20
0x21
0x22
OPEN
0x23
0x24
0x25
HIGH
0x26
0x27
Reserved
(i.e., attempting to configure a device address of 129 (0x81)
would result in a device address of 1). Therefore, the user should
use index values 0-4 on the SA1 pin and the full range of index
values on the SA0 pin, which will provide 125 device address
combinations.
Note that the SMBus address 0x4B is reserved for device test and
cannot be used in the system.
TABLE 20. SMBus ADDRESS INDEX VALUES
If additional device addresses are required, a resistor can be
connected to the SA0 pin according to Table 18 to provide up to
25 unique device addresses. In this case, the SA1 pin should be
tied to SGND.
If more than 25 unique device addresses are required or if other
SMBus address values are desired, both the SA0 and SA1 pins
can be configured with a resistor to SGND according to
Equation 31 and Table 19.
SMBusaddress = 25 SA1 index + SA0 index in decimal
(EQ. 33)
RSA
(kΩ)
SA0 OR SA1 INDEX
10
0
11
1
12.1
2
13.3
3
14.7
4
16.2
5
17.8
6
19.6
7
SMBus ADDRESS
21.5
8
10
0x00
23.7
9
11
0x01
26.1
10
12.1
0x02
28.7
11
13.3
0x03
31.6
12
14.7
0x04
34.8
13
16.2
0x05
38.3
14
17.8
0x06
42.2
15
19.6
0x07
46.4
16
21.5
0x08
51.1
17
23.7
0x09
56.2
18
26.1
0x0A
61.9
19
28.7
0x0B
68.1
20
31.6
0x0C
75
21
34.8
0x0D
82.5
22
38.3
0x0E
90.9
23
42.2
0x0F
100
24
46.4
0x10
51.1
0x11
56.2
0x12
61.9
0x13
68.1
0x14
75
0x15
82.5
0x16
2. Round the result down to the nearest whole number.
90.9
0x17
100
0x18
3. Select the value of R1 from Table 19 using the SA1 Index
rounded value from Step 2.
TABLE 19. SMBus ADDRESS VALUES
RSA
(kΩ)
Using this method, the user can theoretically configure up to 625
unique SMBus addresses, however the SMBus is inherently
limited to 128 devices so attempting to configure an address
higher than 128 (0x80) will cause the device address to repeat
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
To determine the SA0 and SA1 resistor values given an SMBus
address (in decimal), follow steps 1 through 5 to calculate an
index value and then use Table 19 to select the resistor that
corresponds to the calculated index value as follows:
1. Calculate SA1 Index:
SA1 Index = Address (in decimal) ÷ 25
4. Calculate SA0 Index:
SA0 Index = Address – (25 x SA1 Index)
5. Select the value of R0 from Table 19 using the SA0 Index
value from Step 4.
Page 29 of 36
ZL8101
Digital-DC Bus
Output Sequencing
The Digital-DC Communications (DDC) bus is used to communicate
between Zilker Labs Digital-DC devices. This dedicated bus provides
the communication channel between devices for features such as
sequencing, fault spreading, and current sharing. The DDC pin on all
Digital-DC devices in an application should be connected together. A
pull-up resistor is required on the DDC bus in order to guarantee the
rise time as follows:
A group of Zilker Labs devices may be configured to power up in
a predetermined sequence. This feature is especially useful when
powering advanced processors, FPGAs, and ASICs that require
one supply to reach its operating voltage prior to another supply
reaching its operating voltage in order to avoid latch-up from
occurring. Multi-device sequencing can be achieved by
configuring each device through the I2C/SMBus interface or by
using Zilker Labs patented autonomous sequencing mode.
Rise time = R PU C LOAD 1s
(EQ. 34)
where RPU is the DDC bus pull-up resistance and CLOAD is the bus
loading. The pull-up resistor may be tied to VR or to an external
3.3V or 5V supply as long as this voltage is present prior to or
during device power-up. As rules of thumb, each device
connected to the DDC bus presents ~10pF of capacitive loading,
and each inch of FR4 PCB trace introduces ~2pF. The ideal
design will use a central pull-up resistor that is well-matched to
the total load capacitance. In power module applications, the
user should consider whether to place the pull-up resistor on the
module or on the PCB of the end application. The minimum
pull-up resistance should be limited to a value that enables any
device to assert the bus to a voltage that will ensure a logic 0
(typically 0.8V at the device monitoring point) given the pull-up
voltage (5V if tied to VR) and the pull-down current capability of
the ZL8101 (nominally 4mA).
Phase Spreading
When multiple point of load converters share a common DC
input supply, it is desirable to adjust the clock phase offset of
each device such that not all devices start to switch
simultaneously. Setting each converter to start its switching cycle
at a different point in time can dramatically reduce input
capacitance requirements and efficiency losses. Since the peak
current drawn from the input supply is effectively spread out over
a period of time, the peak current drawn at any given moment is
reduced and the power losses proportional to the IRMS2 are
reduced dramatically.
In order to enable phase spreading, all converters must be
synchronized to the same switching clock. The PMBus is used to
set the configuration of the SYNC pin for each device as
described in “Switching Frequency and PLL” on page 17.
Autonomous sequencing mode configures sequencing by using
events transmitted between devices over the DDC bus. The
sequencing order is determined using each device’s DDC Rail ID
number and selecting the DDC Rail ID# Prequel and Sequel for
each ZL controller in the sequencing group. The DDC Rail ID#
number is automatically assigned and based on the last 5 LSB’s
of the SMBus address. Care must be taken when configuring the
address to ensure that duplicate Rail ID’s are not created, since
they repeat for every 32 consecutive SMBus addresses. If a
current sharing group is part of the sequencing group use the
common ISHARE Rail ID to define the Prequel/Sequel function.
To configure autonomous sequencing mode, the I2C/SMBus
interface must be used, the sequencing function is not available
using pinstraps.
The sequencing group will turn on in order starting with the 1st
device (no Prequel assigned) and continue to the configured
Sequel and so on. When turning off, the sequencing group will
reverse the startup order.
The Enable pins and DDCBus of all devices in a sequencing group
must be tied together and driven high to initiate a sequenced
turn-on of the group. Each sequencing event is triggered by the
Prequel controllers power-good assertion which is then
forwarded via the DDCBus.
Enable must be driven low to initiate a sequenced turnoff of the
group.
Refer to Application Note AN2033 for details on sequencing via
the I2C/SMBus interface.
Selecting the phase offset for the device is accomplished by
selecting a device address according to Equation 35:
Phase offset = device address x 45°
(EQ. 35)
For example:
• A device address of 0x00 or 0x20 would configure no phase
offset
• A device address of 0x01 or 0x21 would configure 45° of
phase offset
• A device address of 0x02 or 0x22 would configure 90° of
phase offset
The phase offset of each device may also be set to any value
between 0° and 360° in 22.5° increments via the I2C/SMBus
interface. Refer to Application Note AN2033 for further details.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 30 of 36
ZL8101
Fault Spreading
VAUX
Digital DC devices can be configured to broadcast a fault event
over the DDC bus to the other devices in the group. When a
non-destructive fault occurs and the device is configured to shut
down on a fault, the device will shut down and broadcast the fault
event over the DDC bus. The other devices on the DDC bus will shut
down together if configured to do so, and will attempt to re-start in
their prescribed order if configured to do so.
Vin
SCL
SDA
DDC
Vout
Driver
GH
ZL8101 GL
IS ENA
IS ENB
FB
Active Current Sharing
Paralleling multiple ZL8101 devices can be used to increase the
output current capability of a single power rail. By connecting the
DDC pins of each device together and configuring the devices as
a current sharing rail, the units will share the load current equally
within a few percent.
SCL
SDA
DDC
GH
Dr iver
Figure 21 shows a typical connection for three current sharing
controllers. Up to 7 controllers may be used in a current sharing
group.
Vin
ZL8101 GL
IS ENA
IS ENB
FB
The ZL8101 uses a low-bandwidth, first-order digital current
sharing technique to balance the unequal phase currents by
aligning the load lines of member devices to the reference device.
Droop is used to ensure that any phase that begins to draw a
higher current then the others will quickly regulate to a lower
voltage, and thereby divert current to another phase.
SCL
SDA
DDC
Vin
Driver
GH
ZL8101 GL
The ZL8101 controller with the lowest PMBus address becomes
the reference device. The remaining devices are called members.
The reference device broadcasts its current over the DDC bus.
The members adjust their VOUT_TRIM parameter until current
balance is achieved.
IS ENA
IS ENB
FB
Figure 22 shows that, for load lines with identical slopes, the
member voltage is increased towards the reference voltage if the
reference controller has a higher load current, which closes the
gap between the inductor currents.
FIGURE 21. CURRENT SHARING GROUP
The relation between reference and member current and voltage
is given by Equation 36.
Where R is the value of the droop resistance
-R
VOUT
Vmember VOUT R I REFERENCE I MEMBER
VREFERENCE
(EQ. 36)
VMEMBER
-R
I MEMBER
I OUT
I REFERENCE
FIGURE 22. ACTIVE CURRENT SHARING
The ISHARE_CONFIG command is used to configure the device
for active current sharing. The default setting is a stand-alone
non-current sharing device. A current sharing rail can be part of a
sequencing group.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 31 of 36
ZL8101
Turn-On/Off Ramp Behavior
Current Share Checklist
The ZL8101 uses a unique ramping algorithm that results in near
perfect current sharing while ramping. This is accomplished by
deriving different compensator coefficients for ramping then
those used for steady-state operation. The PID taps for ramps is
not user configurable.
Ensure that the following layout guidelines are observed when
designing current sharing rails
2. Connect bypass caps and pinstrap resistors to SGND
Figure 23
3. Ensure that current sense nets are Kelvin Connected
4. Ensure that each voltage FB net is Kelvin connected
Terminate high frequency input/output caps to Low-Side FET
Source.
VIN
Faults within a current sharing group are not broadcast to
controllers within the group. If one of the controllers detects a
fault that controller will cease operation. The voltage rail will
operate normally until all controllers in the group detect a fault
and the entire rail has been disabled. Once each controller in the
sharing group has faulted the group will respond according to its
configured fault response. If fault spreading is enabled, the
current share rail failure is not broadcast until the entire current
share rail fails.
Once a current sharing controller has faulted the remaining
members autonomously redistribute their phase relationship
with respect to the Sync Clock. If the faulted controller was the
reference phase the standing controller with the lowest PMBus
address will become the new reference controller.
Phase Adding/Dropping
The ZL8101 allows multiple power converters to be connected in
parallel to supply higher load currents than can be obtained by
using a single-phase design. In doing so, the power converter is
optimized at a load current range that requires all phases to be
operational. During periods of light loading, it may be beneficial
to disable one or more phases in order to reduce the current
drain and switching losses associated with those phases,
resulting in higher efficiency.
The ZL8101 offers the ability to add and drop phases using a
simple command in response to an observed load current
change, enabling the system to continuously optimize overall
efficiency across a wide load range. All phases in a current share
rail are considered active prior to the current sharing rail ramp to
power-good.
Phases can be dropped after power-good is asserted. Any member
of the current sharing rail can be dropped. If the reference device is
dropped, the remaining active device with the lowest PMBus
Address will become the new reference.
Any change to the number of members of a current sharing rail
will precipitate autonomous phase distribution within the rail
where all active phases realign their phase position based on
their order within the number of active members.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
VR
GPIO
V25
PWML
VR
Driver
PWML
VOUT
SGND
Current Share Fault Behavior
PWMH
Driver
PWMH
SGND
The ramp compensation is calculated from the configured
rise/fall time, measured Vin, and target Vout values. While
ramping the loop bandwidth is intentionally set to a very low
value so response to transients will be limited. The user should
disable dynamic loading while ramping. Once the ramp has
completed the autocomp algorithm will begin and a new
optimized compensator solution will be found. If Autocomp is
disabled the controllers will switch to the configured
compensator by using the PID Taps defined in the configuration
files.
1. Create a common SGND plane Figure 23
GPIO
V25
SGND
PGND
Single point ground unification connection
All current sharing controllers have a common SGND plane
FIGURE 23. COMMON SGND PLANE FOR CURRENT SHARING
Direction of
current flow
Switch Node
Resistor Place averaging
filter close to ZL_Device
Kelvin connections
routed differentially
Output Inductor
with custom
4 pad footprint
VOUT
ISENA
ISENB
ZL8101
Place and route
on same layer
Averaging Capacitor
Alternate Inductor footprint
Differential route to averaging filter
FIGURE 24. KELVIN CONNECTION EXAMPLES
For additional information about Current Sharing please
reference AN2034.
Monitoring Via I2C/SMBus
A system controller can monitor a wide variety of different
ZL8101 system parameters through the I2C/SMBus interface.
The device can monitor for fault conditions by monitoring the
SALRT pin, which will be asserted when any number of
pre-configured fault conditions occur.
Page 32 of 36
ZL8101
The device can also be monitored continuously for any number of
power conversion parameters including but not limited to the
following:
SMBus. This can be done during normal operation, although it
should be noted that reading the 22 bytes will occupy the SMBus for
some time.
• Input voltage
The SNAPSHOT_CONTROL command enables the user to store the
snapshot parameters to Flash memory in response to a pending
fault as well as to read the stored data from Flash memory after a
fault has occurred. Table 21 describes the usage of this command.
Automatic writes to Flash memory following a fault are triggered
when any fault threshold level is exceeded, provided that the
specific fault’s response is to shut down (writing to Flash memory
is not allowed if the device is configured to re-try following the
specific fault condition).
• Output voltage
• Output current
• Internal junction temperature
• Temperature of an external device
• Switching frequency
• Duty cycle
The PMBus Host should respond to SALRT as follows:
1. ZL device pulls SALRT Low.
2. PMBus Host detects that SALRT is now low, performs
transmission with Alert Response Address to find which ZL
device is pulling SALRT low.
3. PMBus Host talks to the ZL device that has pulled SALRT low.
The actions that the host performs are up to the System
Designer.
If multiple devices are faulting, SALRT will still be low after doing
the above steps and will require transmission with the Alert
Response Address repeatedly until all faults are cleared.
Please refer to Application Note AN2033 for details on how to
monitor specific parameters via the I2C/SMBus interface.
Temperature Monitoring Using the XTEMP Pin
The ZL8101 supports measurement of an external device
temperature using either a thermal diode integrated in a processor,
FPGA or ASIC, or using a discrete diode-connected 2N3904 NPN
transistor. illustrates the typical connections required.
SGND
Q9
2N3904
ZL8101
XTEMP
SGND
ZL8101
XTEMP
µP
FPGA
DSP
ASIC
Embedded Thermal Diode
FIGURE 25. XTEMP PIN CONNECTION
Snapshot™ Parameter Capture
The ZL8101 offers a special mechanism that enables the user to
capture parametric data during normal operation or following a
fault. The Snapshot functionality is enabled by setting bit 1 of
MISC_CONFIG to 1.
See AN2033 “Zilker Labs PMBus Command Set - DDC Products”
for details on using the Snapshot feature in addition to the
parameters supported. The Snapshot feature enables the user to
read status and parameters via a block read transfer through the
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
It should also be noted that the device’s VDD voltage must be
maintained during the time when the device is writing the data to
Flash memory; a process that requires between 700µs to
1400µs depending on whether the data is set up for a block
write. Undesirable results may be observed if the device’s VDD
supply drops below 3.0V during this process.
TABLE 21. SNAPSHOT_CONTROL COMMAND
DATA VALUE
DESCRIPTION
1
Copies current SNAPSHOT values from Flash memory to
RAM for immediate access using SNAPSHOT command.
2
Writes current SNAPSHOT values to Flash memory. Only
available when device is disabled.
In the event that the device experiences a fault & power is lost, the
user can extract the last SNAPSHOT parameters stored during the
fault by writing a 1 to SNAPSHOT_CONTROL (transfers data from
Flash memory to RAM) and then issuing a SNAPSHOT command
(reads data from RAM via SMBus).
Non-Volatile Memory and Device Security
Features
The ZL8101 has internal non-volatile memory where user
configurations are stored. Integrated security measures ensure
that the user can only restore the device to a level that has been
made available to them. Refer to “Start-up Procedure” on
page 16 for details on how the device loads stored values from
internal memory during start-up. During the initialization process,
the ZL8101 checks for stored values contained in its internal
non-volatile memory. The ZL8101 offers two internal memory
storage units that are accessible by the user as follows:
1. Default Store: A power supply module manufacturer may want
to protect the module from damage by preventing the user from
being able to modify certain values that are related to the
physical construction of the module. In this case, the module
manufacturer would use the Default Store and would allow the
user to restore the device to its default setting but would restrict
the user from restoring the device to the factory settings.
2. User Store: The manufacturer of a piece of equipment may
want to provide the ability to modify certain power supply
settings while still protecting the equipment from modifying
values that can lead to a system level fault. The equipment
manufacturer would use the User Store to achieve this goal.
Please refer to Application Note AN2033 for details on how to set
specific security measures via the I2C/SMBus interface.
Page 33 of 36
ZL8101
Configuration Files
Zilker Labs Digital-DC™ devices must be configured through
pin-strap settings or by using PMBus™ commands. A
configuration file is a human-readable text file that contains a
sequence of PMBus commands to be written to a device.
Configuration files also aid in sharing device settings to others for
additional development, troubleshooting, or manufacturing.
Configuration files are text files that can easily be edited using a
text editor such as Microsoft Notepad or they can be created by
the Power Navigator GUI application.
Programmable Gain Amplifier Bias Current
A simplified schematic for the voltage sense amplifier is shown
below in Figure 26. The Amplifier can source a maximum of
100µA when VOUT = 0. If the load impedance is high Vout will
begin to charge because of the bias current. To avoid any prebias
condition place an appropriate bleed resistor across Vout. If
current sharing is used scale the bleed resistor by the number of
current sharing controllers.
PGA
VSEN-
-
VSEN+
OUT
+
100µA MAX
+
-
V25
1.25V
FIGURE 26. PGA BIAS CURRENT
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 34 of 36
ZL8101
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you
have the latest Rev.
DATE
REV. #
CHANGE
July 13, 2012
FN7832.1
Initial release
I
Products
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For a complete listing of Applications, Related Documentation and Related Parts, please see the respective device information page on
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Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
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Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil may modify the circuit design and/or specifications of products at any time without notice, provided that such
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technology as set forth in U.S. Patent No. 7,000,125 and other related patents owned by Power One, Inc. These license rights do not extend to stand-alone POL
regulators unless a royalty is paid to Power One, Inc.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 35 of 36
ZL8101
Package Outline Drawing
L32.5x5G
32 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 0, 3/10
4X 3.5
5.00
28X 0.50
A
B
25
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
32
6
PIN #1
INDEX AREA
1
5.00
24
3 .50
EXP. DAP
17
(4X)
8
0.15
16
9
TOP VIEW
32X 0.40 ± 0.10
4 32X 0.23
0.10 M C A B
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
MAX 1.00
( 4. 80 TYP )
(
C
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
( 28X 0 . 5 )
SIDE VIEW
3.50 )
(32X 0 . 23 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 32X 0 . 60)
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1.
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2.
Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance: Decimal ± 0.05
4.
Dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5.
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6.
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
FN7832 Rev 1.00
July 13, 2012
Page 36 of 36
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